XX

Veri…cation and Validation of
Ship Motions Program SEAWAY

(Report in Progress)
by: J.M.J. Journée

Delft University of Technology
Shiphydromechanics Laboratory
Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft
The Netherlands
Report1213a February 2001

2
Abstract
This report shows the results of validation and veri…cation studies with the six
degrees of freedom ship motions program SEAWAY. Use has been made of computed
data by the 3-D di¤raction program DELFRAC and of experimental data of various
ship models.
This report and other information on the strip theory program SEAWAY can
be found on the Internet at web site: http://dutw189.wbmt.tudelft.nl/~johan or
http://www.shipmotions.nl. Aditional information can be obtained from the author
by e-mail: J.M.J.Journee@wbmt.tudelft.nl.
The lasts revision of this report is dated: 12 February 2001.
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Basic Comparisons 3
2.1 Comparison with 2-D Experiments at Deep Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Potential Coe¢cients of 2-D Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Comparison with 3-D Computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.1 2-D Wave Loads on Cross-Sections of Barges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.2 3-D Wave Loads on Crude Oil Carrier ”Macoma” . . . . . . . . . . 29
3 Responses of Todd-60 Series Models 35

3.1 Added Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1.1 Cb = 0.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1.2 Cb = 0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.1.3 Cb = 0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.1.4 Cb = 0.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.1.5 Cb = 0.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Responses of Fast Cargo Ship ”S.A. van der Stel” 43

4.1 Full Laden Ship in Head Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.1.1 Heave and Pitch Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.1.2 Added Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1.3 Vertical Absolute Motions Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.4 Vertical Relative Motions Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2 Ballasted Ship in Head Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.3 Vertical Absolute Motions Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2.4 Vertical Relative Motions Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.3 Full Laden Ship in Following Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5 Responses of Containership ”S-175” 59

5.1 Added Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Responses of Containership ”Nedlloyd Dejima” 63

6.1 Heave and Pitch Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.2 Roll Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3
6.3 Vertical Accelerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.4 Vertical Relative Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.5 Bending and Torsional Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
7 Oil Recovery Vessel ”Smal Agt” in Shallow Water 77

7.1 Heave and Pitch Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
7.1.1 h/d = 1.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
7.1.2 h/d = 1.38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
7.1.3 h/d = 1.54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
7.1.4 h/d = 1.69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7.1.5 h/d = 7.69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
8 Responses of Crude Oil Carrier ”Macoma” 81

8.1 Centre of Gravity Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9 Responses of Semi-submersible ”Semi-Pinkster” 87

9.1 Centre of Gravity Motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
10 Conclusions 93
11 Acknowledgments 95
Chapter 1
Introduction
SEAWAY is a frequency domain ship motions PC program, based on the strip theory,
to calculate the wave-induced loads and motions with six degrees of freedom of mono-
hull ships and barges in seaway. When not accounting for interaction e¤ects between
the two individual ships, also these calculations can be carried out for twin-hull ships,
such as semi-submersibles or catamarans. The program is suitable for deep and shallow
water. The User Manual is given by [Journée, 2001b] and the underlying theory has been
described by [Journée, 2001a].
Program SEAWAY requires two separate input data …les: a ship-bound ”hull form data
…le” and a variable ”input data …le”.
The o¤sets of the cross sections of the fully loaded ship are input and have to be measured
manually or digitized and then stored in a hull form data …le. Two series of scalable hull
forms (in total 123 ships) are given in the User Manual. Also, the hull form data …le can
be output of the PIAS program of SARC; see [Koelman, 1997]. At any actual loading
of the ship, new o¤sets will be calculated by the program from these data by the actual
amidships draught and trim, given in the variable input data …le. A linear transformation
of the hull form can be carried out too, by an input of three independent scale factors.
A control program, named SEAWAY-H, displays the body plan of the ship, as stored in
the hull form data …le, on the screen. Corrections can be carried out with this control
program too.
A user’s friendly input-editor, named SEAWAY-E, creates the input data …le. Almost
this editor takes the place of the User Manual.
This report shows results of veri…cations and validations of program SEAWAY with com-
puted data obtained with the 3-D di¤raction program DELFRAC and with experimental
data of various ship models.
The hydromechanic coe¢cients in SEAWAY have been de…ned here by the modi…ed strip
theory method (jK T Hj = 2). The wave load computations by SEAWAY have been carried
out by the classical relative motion approach (KT H = +2) as well as by a simply…ed
di¤raction method (KT H = ¡2).
Generally, Tasai’s potential theory with 10-parameter conformal mapping has been used
to determine the 2-D potential coe¢cients at deep water. However, for cross sections with
0
J.M.J. Journée, ”Veri…cation and Validation of Ship Motions Program SEAWAY”, Report 1213a (in
progress), February 2001, Ship Hydromechanics Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2,
2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands. For updates see web site: http://dutw189.wbmt.tudelft.nl/~johan or
http://www.shipmotions.nl.
1
2 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
a too low or too high area coe¢cient and for submerged cross sections, locally Frank’s
pulsating source method has been used.
Keil’s method with Lewis conformal mapping has been used for shallow water computa-
tions
This report and other information about the strip theory program SEAWAY can be found
on the Internet at web site: http://dutw189.wbmt.tudelft.nl/~johan, which can also be
reached from web site: http://www.shipmotions.nl. Aditional information from the au-
thor can be obtained by e-mail: J.M.J.Journee@wbmt.tudelft.nl.
Chapter 2
Basic Comparisons
2.1 Comparison with 2-D Experiments at Deep Wa-

ter
2.1.1 Potential Coe¢cients of 2-D Cylinders
The two-dimensional hydrodynamic coe¢cients and wave loads have been veri…ed with
the classic experimental results of [Vugts, 1970], who has tested horizontal cylinders in
beam waves in the mid-sixties at the Delft University of Technology. These cylinders have
constant cross sections, shaped as given below.
Cylinders as Tested by Vugts
The water depth in the towing tank during the experiments was about h = 2:00 meter.
The computed 2-D sway, heave and roll coe¢cients and wave loads by SEAWAY and
those measured by Vugts are given in the next …gures. They are made dimensionless by:
s
0 B
! = !¢
2g
0 a22 0 a33 0 a44
a22 = a33 = a44 =
½Ax ½Ax ½AxB2
0 a24 0 a42
a24 = a42 =
½AxB ½AxB
0
3
4 CHAPTER 2. BASIC COMPARISONS
0 b b b44
p22
0
p33
0
b22 = b33 = b44 = p
½Ax 2g=B ½Ax 2g=B ½AxB 2 2g=B
0 b24 0 b42
b24 = p b42 = p
½AxB 2g=B ½AxB 2g=B
0 Fwa(2) 0 Fwa(3) 0 Fwa (4)
Fwa (2) = Fwa(3) = Fwa (4) =
½gkAx ½gB ½gkB3 =12
in which:
! = wave frequency
0
a xx = potential mass coe¢cient
0
bxx = potential damping coe¢cient
F wa (2) = wave force amplitude for sway
F wa (3) = wave force amplitude for heave
F wa (4) = wave moment amplitude for roll
½ = density of water
g = acceleration of gravity
B = breadth at waterline
Ax = cross sectional area
k = wave number
In all cases, good agreements between SEAWAY and the experiments have been found.
The di¤erences found between the potential and the experimental data can be explained
by experimental inaccuracies and viscous e¤ects.
2.1. COMPARISON WITH 2-D EXPERIMENTS AT DEEP WATER 5
Circular Cross Section

The centre of gravity, G, is situated in the waterline: OG = 0. Roll coe¢cients and wave
loads are de…ned with respect to O or G.
Of course, the Lewis conformal mapping method provides a perfect mapping of this cross
section, thus the potential coe¢cients have been calculated here by Lewis conformal map-
ping and Tasai’s potential theory.
The potential mass and damping coe¢cients for sway, a 22 and b22, and for heave, a33 and
b33, are fairly well predicted. The potential mass and damping coe¢cients for roll, a 44
and b44, are zero.
It is obvious that also the mass and damping coupling coe¢cients, a42 and b42 determined
during the sway oscillations and a24 and b24 determined during the roll oscillations, should
be zero too. The small measured values are caused by viscous e¤ects and inaccuracies
during the experiments.
The measured wave forces for sway and heave agree well with the experimental data. The
roll moments are zero.
Heave CIRCLE Experim ents Vugts
1.5 0.75 1.00
W ave Load Amplitude (-)

0.75
1.0 0.50
a-33 (-)
0.50
0.5 0.25
Exp: za =0.01m 0.25
Exp: za =0.02m
Exp: za =0.03m Experiment
SEAWAY SEAW AY
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.75 0.5 180

W ave Load Phas e (deg)
0.4
90
0.50
0.3
b-33 (-)
0
0.2
0.25
-90
0.1
0 0 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Frequenc y (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)
Heave Phenomena of a Circular Cross Section

Sway CIRCLE Ex periments Vugts
1.5 0.50 3
Wave Load Amplitude (-)

1.0 2
a-22 (-) )
0.25
a-42 (-
0.5 1
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
1.00 0.30 180

Ex p: ya=0.02m Experiment
Wave Load Phase (deg)

SEAWAY SEAWAY
0.75 0.20 90
b-22 (-)
b-42 (-)
0.50 0.10 0
0.25 0 -90
0 -0.10 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Frequency (-) F requency (-) Frequency (-)
Sway Phenomena of a Circular Cross Section
Roll CIR CLE Experim ents Vugts
0.15 0.50 2.0

Ex periment
SEAWAY
0.10 1.5
0.25
)
a-44 (-)
a-24 (-
0.05 1.0
0
0 0.5
-0.05 -0.25 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.20 0.40 180
Exp: φa =0.05rad
0.15 0.30 Exp: φa =0.10rad

90
Exp: φa =0.20rad
SEAW AY
0.10 0.20
b-44 (-)
b-24 (-)
0
0.05 0.10
-90
0 0
-0.05 -0.10 -180

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Frequency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)
Roll Phenomena of a Circular Cross Section

Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2

The centre of gravity, G, is situated in the waterline: OG=d = 0. Roll coe¢cients and
wave loads are de…ned with respect to O or G.
The potential coe¢cients have been calculated here by Frank’s pulsating source theory.
and b44, are small.
The mass and damping coupling coe¢cients, a42 and b42 determined during the sway
oscillations and a24 and b24 determined during the roll oscillations, are fairly well predicted
too.
The measured wave forces for sway and heave and the roll moments agree well with the
experimental data.
H eave RECTANGLE B/d = 2 Experiments Vugts
1.5 0.75 1.00

0.75
1.0 0.50
a-33 (-)
0.50
0.5 0.25
Exp: z a=0.01m 0.25
Exp: z a=0.02m
Experiment
Exp: z a=0.03m
SEAWAY
SEAWAY
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.5 0.5 180

0.4 0.4
90
0.3 0.3
b-33 (-)
0
0.2 0.2
-90
0.1 0.1
0 0 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Heave Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2

Sway REC TAN GLE B/d = 2 Ex periments Vugts
2.0 0.50 3
Exp: y a=0.02m
SEAWAY

1.5
2
a-22 (-) )
0.25
a-42 (-
1.0
1
0.5
0
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
1.5 0.30 180

Experim ent

SEAW AY
0.20 90
1.0
b-22 (-)
b-42 (-)
0.10 0
0.5
0 -90
0 -0.10 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
F requency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)
Sway Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2
Roll RECTANGLE B/d = 2 Experim ents Vugts
0.15 0.50 3
0.10
0.25 2
)
a-44 (-)
a-24 (-
0.05
0 1
0
Exp: φa=0.10rad
SEAWAY
-0.05 -0.25 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.20 0.40 180

0.15 0.30
90
0.10 0.20
b-44 (-)
b-24 (-)
0
0.05 0.10
-90
0 0
Ex periment
SEAWAY
-0.05 -0.10 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Roll Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2


The centre of gravity, G, is situated above the waterline: OG=d = 1. Roll coe¢cients and
wave loads are de…ned here with respect to G.
and b44, are small.
too.
experimental data.
2.5 0.75 1.00

2.0
0.75
0.50
1.5
a-33 (-)
0.50
1.0
0.25
Exp: z a=0.01m 0.25
0.5 Exp: z a=0.02m
Experiment
Exp: z a=0.03m
SEAWAY
SEAWAY
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
1.5 0.5 180

0.4
90
1.0
0.3
b-33 (-)
0
0.2
0.5
-90
0.1
0 0 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Sway R ECT ANGLE B/d = 4 Ex periments Vugts
1.00 0.50 2.0

Ex p: ya=0.02m

SEAWAY
0.75 1.5
a-22 (-) )
0.25
a-42 (-
0.50 1.0
0.25 0.5
0
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
1.00 0.30 180

Experim ent

SEAW AY
0.75 0.20 90
b-22 (-)
b-42 (-)
0.50 0.10 0
0.25 0 -90
0 -0.10 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.15 0.50 2.0

Exp: φa=0.05rad
Exp: φa=0.10rad
SEAW AY
0.10 1.5
0.25
)
a-44 (-)
a-24 (-
0.05 1.0
0
0 0.5
-0.05 -0.25 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.20 0.40 180

Ex periment
0.15 0.30 SEAWAY

90
0.10 0.20
b-44 (-)
b-24 (-)
0
0.05 0.10
-90
0 0
-0.05 -0.10 -180

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Roll Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 4


The centre of gravity, G, is situated above the waterline: OG=d = 3. Roll coe¢cients and
wave loads are de…ned here with respect to G.
and b44, are small.
too.
experimental data.
5 0.75 1.00

4
0.75
0.50
3
a-33 (-)
0.50
2
0.25
Exp: z a=0.01m 0.25
1 Exp: z a=0.02m
Experiment
Exp: z a=0.03m
SEAWAY
SEAWAY
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
2.5 0.5 180

0.4
2.0 90
0.3
b-33 (-)
1.5 0
0.2
1.0 -90
0.1
0.5 0 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Sway REC TANGLE B/d = 8 Ex periments Vugts
0.75 0.50 2.0

Exp: ya =0.02m

SEAWAY
1.5
0.50
a-22 (-) )
0.25
a-42 (-
1.0
0.25
0.5
0
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.75 0.30 180

Experim ent

SEAW AY
0.20 90
0.50
b-22 (-)
b-42 (-)
0.10 0
0.25
0 -90
0 -0.10 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.15 0.50 2.0

Ex periment
SEAWAY
0.10 1.5
0.25
)
a-44 (-)
a-24 (-
0.05 1.0
0
0 0.5
-0.05 -0.25 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.20 0.40 270

Exp: φa=0.05rad
Exp: φa=0.10rad
0.15 Exp: φa=0.20rad 0.30

180
SEAWAY
0.10 0.20
b-44 (-)
b-24 (-)
90
0.05 0.10
0
0 0
-0.05 -0.10 -90

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Triangular Cross Section

The centre of gravity, G, is situated in the waterline: OG=d = 0. Roll coe¢cients and
wave loads are de…ned with respect to O or G.
and b44, are small.
too.
experimental data.
Heave TR IANGLE Experim ents Vugts
1.5 0.75 1.00

0.75
1.0 0.50
a-33 (-)
0.50
0.5 0.25
Exp: za=0.01m 0.25
Exp: za=0.02m
Ex periment
Exp: za=0.03m
SEAWAY
SEAW AY
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.75 0.5 180

0.4
90
0.50
0.3
b-33 (-)
0
0.2
0.25
-90
0.1
0 0 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Heave Phenomena of a Triangular Cross Section

Sway TRIANGLE Ex periments Vugts
3 4

0.50
3
2 )
a-22 (-)
a-42 (-
2
0.25
1
Exp: ya=0.01m
1
Exp: ya=0.02m
Exp: ya=0.03m
SEAW AY
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
2.0 0.4 180

Experim ent

SEAW AY
1.5 0.3 90
b-22 (-)
b-42 (-)
1.0 0.2 0
0.5 0.1 -90
0 0 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
F requency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)
Sway Phenomena of a Triangular Cross Section
Roll TR IANGLE Experim ents Vugts
0.20 0.75 4
0.15 3
0.50
)
a-44 (-)
a-24 (-
0.10 2
0.25
0.05 Exp: φa =0.05rad 1
Exp: φa =0.10rad
Exp: φa =0.20rad
SEAWAY
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
0.25 0.5 180

0.20 0.4
90
0.15 0.3
b-44 (-)
b-24 (-)
0
0.10 0.2
-90
0.05 0.1
Ex periment
SEAWAY
0 0 -180
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Roll Phenomena of a Triangular Cross Section

2.2. COMPARISON WITH 3-D COMPUTATIONS 15
2.2 Comparison with 3-D Computations

The 3-D panel di¤raction program DELFRAC of J.A. Pinkster (Delft University of Tech-
nology), see [Dimitrieva, 1994],was basis for a veri…cation and validation study of the
wave loads calculated by SEAWAY. The calculated data, given in the following …gures,
were labelled with DELFRAC.
Two strip theory methods of SEAWAY have been used here:
² the classical relative motion method with KTH > 0, labelled in the …gures with
SEAWAY +
² the di¤raction method with KTH < 0, labelled in the …gures with SEAWAY -
This has been done here for for 2-D wave loads on cross-sections of rectangular barges
and for 3-D (integrated 2-D) wave loads on a crude oil carrier. All calculations have been
carried out for sea water with ½ = 1:025 ton/m3.
2.2.1 2-D Wave Loads on Cross-Sections of Barges

The SEAWAY wave loads of three di¤erent (Vugts-type) barges - two with a rectangular
cross section and one with a triangular cross section - with the following dimensions have
been compared with DELFRAC output data. All barges have been tested for two di¤erent
water depths: h=d = 1 and h=d = 1:2. The main particulars of these barges are given in
the next table.
Shape of Lpp B d KG V ¹ h=d

Cross
Section (m) (m) (m) (m) (kn) (deg) (-)
2 B=d = 2:00 300.00 30.00 15.00 15.00 0 0, 30, 60, 90 1

2 B=d = 2:00 300.00 30.00 15.00 15.00 0 0, 30, 60, 90 1.2
2 B=d = 8:00 300.00 40.00 5.00 5.00 0 0, 30, 60, 90 1
2 B=d = 8:00 300.00 40.00 5.00 5.00 0 0, 30, 60, 90 1.2
O B=d = 1:15 300.00 34.64 30.00 30.00 0 0, 30, 60, 90 1
O B=d = 1:15 300.00 34.64 30.00 30.00 0 0, 30, 60, 90 1.2
Frank’s pulsating source method (KTH = 11 ) has been used for the in…nite water depth
case, h=d = 1, and fair to good agreements between SEAWAY and DELFRAC have been
found.
Keil’s method (KTH = 12 ) with Lewis conformal mapping have been used for the …nite
water depth case, h=d = 1:2. The RM S value of di¤erences between the Lewis cross
section and the actual cross section is about 2.3 % of the draught for B=d = 2 but about
10.6 % of the draught for B=d = 8. This explains partly the sometimes poor agreement
between SEAWAY and DELFRAC for the rectangular cross section with B=d = 8 at this
water depth, especially in beam waves, ¹ = 900. Fair to good agreements have been found
for B=d = 2.
Rectangular Cross Sections, B/d=2, h/d=1

Rectangle B/d = 2.0 h/d = ∞
o
o Heave 0 o
Sway 0 R oll 0
Ampl. W ave Load (k N/m or kNm /m) 1.00 1.00x10

5 1.00
DELFRAC
5 SEAW AY +
0.75 0.75x10 0.75
SEAW AY -
5
0.50 0.50x10 0.50
5
0.25 0.25x10 0.25
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

Phase W ave Load (deg)
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
W ave Frequenc y (rad/s) Wav e Frequency (rad/s) W av e Frequenc y (rad/s)
2-D Wave Loads on a Rectangular Barge (2 B/d=2) at h/d=1, V=0kn, ¹=00
R ec tangle B/d = 2.0 h/d = ∞

o
o H eav e 30 o
Sway 30 Roll 30
Ampl. W ave Load (k N/m or kNm /m)
4 5 4
1.5x 10 1.00x 10 6x10
DELFRAC
SEAW AY +
5 SEAW AY -
0.75x 10
4 4
1.0x 10 4x10
5
0.50x 10
0.5x 104 2x10 4

5
0.25x 10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Wave Frequency (rad/s) W ave Frequency (rad/s) W av e Frequency (rad/s )

Rec tangle B/d = 2.0 h/d = ∞

o
o Heave 60 o
Sw ay 60 R oll 60

4 5
4x10 1.00x10
DELF RAC
SEAWAY + 1.5x 10 5
4 5 SEAWAY -
3x10 0.75x10
1.0x 10 5
2x10 4 0.50x10 5
5
4 5 0.5x 10
1x10 0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
W ave Frequency (rad/s) W av e Frequency (rad/s) W ave Frequency (rad/s)
R ec tangle B/d = 2.0 h/d = ∞

o
o H eav e 90 o
Sway 90 Roll 90
4 5 5
7.5x 10 1.00x 10 4x10
D ELF RAC
SEAWAY +
5 SEAWAY - 5
0.75x 10 3x10
5.0x 104
0.50x 10 5 2x10 5
2.5x 104
5 5
0.25x 10 1x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Wave Frequency (rad/s) W ave Frequency (rad/s) W av e Frequency (rad/s )

Rectangular Cross Sections, B/d=2, h/d=1.2

Rectangle B/d = 2.0 h/d = 1.2
o
o Heave 0 o
Sway 0 R oll 0
Ampl. Wave Load (k N/m or kNm /m) 1.00 1.00x10

5 1.00
DELFRAC
SEAW AY +
5 SEAW AY -
0.75 0.75x10 0.75
5
0.50 0.50x10 0.50
5
0.25 0.25x10 0.25
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
2-D Wave Loads on a Rectangular Barge (2 B/d=2) at h/d=1.2, V=0kn, ¹=00

o
o H eave 30 o
Sway 30 Roll 30
Ampl. Wave Load (k N/m or kNm /m)
4 5 5
3.0x 10 1.00x10 1.00x10
DELFRAC
4 SEAWAY +
2.5x 10 SEAWAY -
5 5
0.75x10 0.75x10
2.0x 10 4
1.5x 10 4 0.50x10 5 0.50x10 5
1.0x 10 4
5 5
0.25x10 0.25x10
4
0.5x 10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Wave Frequency (rad/s ) W av e Frequency (rad/s) W av e Frequenc y (rad/s)


o
o H eave 60 o
Sway 60 Roll 60

4 5 5
7.5x 10 1.00x10 2.0x10
DELFRAC
SEAWAY +
5 SEAWAY - 5
0.75x10 1.5x10
5.0x 10 4
0.50x10 5 1.0x10 5
2.5x 10 4
5 5
0.25x10 0.5x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Rec tangle B/d = 2.0 h/d = 1.2

o
o Heav e 90 o
Sway 90 Roll 90
1.00x10 5 5
1.00x 10 3x10 5
5 5
0.75x10 0.75x 10
2x10 5
5 5
0.50x10 0.50x 10
5
1x10
5 5
0.25x10 0.25x 10 DELFRAC
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
W av e Frequency (rad/s) Wave Frequenc y (rad/s) Wave Frequency (rad/s)

Rectangular Cross Sections, B/d=8, h/d=1

o
o Heave 0 o
Sway 0 R oll 0

5 1.00
DELFR AC
5 SEAWAY +
1.00x10
0.75 SEAWAY - 0.75
5
0.75x10
0.50 0.50
5
0.50x10
0.25 5 0.25
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

o
o H eave 30 o
Sway 30 Roll 30
3 5 5
5x 10 1.25x10 1.00x10
DELF RAC
3 5 SEAWAY +
4x 10 1.00x10 SEAWAY - 0.75x10 5
3 5
3x 10 0.75x10
0.50x10 5
3 5
2x 10 0.50x10
5
3 5 0.25x10
1x 10 0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00


o
o Heav e 60 o
Sway 60 Roll 60
Ampl. W ave Load (kN /m or kNm/m)

4 5 5
1.00x10 1.25x 10 2.0x10
DELFRAC
5 SEAW AY +
4 1.00x 10 SEAW AY - 5
0.75x10 1.5x10
5
0.75x 10
0.50x10 4 1.0x10 5
5
0.50x 10
4 5
0.25x10 5 0.5x10
0.25x 10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

o
o Heave 90 o
Sway 90 Roll 90
4 5 5
3x 10 1.25x10 4x10
DELFRAC
5 SEAWAY +
1.00x10 SEAWAY - 5
3x10
4
2x 10 5
0.75x10
2x10 5
5
0.50x10
1x 10 4
5
5 1x10
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Wave Frequency (rad/s) Wave Frequency (rad/s ) Wave Frequency (rad/s)

Rectangular Cross Sections, B/d=8, h/d=1.2

o
o Heave 0 o
Sway 0 R oll 0

4 1.00
D ELFRAC
SEAWAY +
0.75 SEAWAY - 0.75
5.0x10 4
0.50 0.50
4
2.5x10
0.25 0.25
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

o
o Heav e 30 o
Sway 30 Roll 30
4 4 5
1.00x10 7.5x 10 1.25x10
DELFRAC
SEAWAY + 5
4 SEAWAY - 1.00x10
0.75x10
5.0x 10 4 5
0.75x10
0.50x10 4
5
0.50x10
2.5x 10 4
4
0.25x10 5
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00


o
o H eave 60 o
Sway 60 Roll 60

4 5 5
2.5x 10 1.25x10 4x10
D ELFRAC
4 5 SEAW AY +
2.0x 10 1.00x10 SEAW AY - 5
3x10
4 5
1.5x 10 0.75x10
2x10 5
4 5
1.0x 10 0.50x10
5
4 5 1x10
0.5x 10 0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Sw ay 090 Heav e 090 R oll 090
) 4 5 6
Am pl. W av e Load (kN/m or kNm/m
4x 10 4x10 2.0x10
DELFRAC
SEAWAY +
4 5 SEAWAY -
3x 10 3x10 1.5x10 6
4 5 6
2x 10 2x10 1.0x10
1x 10 4 1x10 5 0.5x10 6
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

Phas e Wave Load (deg)
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Wave Frequency (rad/s W av e Frequenc y (rad/s) Wave Frequency (rad/s)

)

Triangular Cross Sections, B/d=1.155, h/d=1

Triangle h/d = ∞
o
o Heave 0 o
Sway 0 R oll 0

5 1.00
DELFR AC
5 SEAWAY +
1.00x10 SEAWAY -
0.75 0.75
5
0.75x10
0.50 0.50
5
0.50x10
0.25 5 0.25
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
2-D Wave Loads on a Barge (O) at h/d=1, V=0kn, ¹=00
Triangle h/d = ∞
o
o H eave 30
Sway 30 Roll 30
4 5 5
2.5x 10 1.25x10 1.25x10
DELFRAC
4 5 SEAWAY + 5
2.0x 10 1.00x10 SEAWAY - 1.00x10
4 5 5
1.5x 10 0.75x10 0.75x10
4 5 5
1.0x 10 0.50x10 0.50x10
4 5 5
0.5x 10 0.25x10 0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Triangle h/d = ∞
o
o H eave 60 o
Sway 60 Roll 60

4 5 5
7.5x 10 1.25x10 3x10
D ELFRAC
5 SEAW AY +
1.00x10 SEAW AY -
4
5.0x 10 2x10 5
5
0.75x10
5
0.50x10
2.5x 10 4 1x10 5
5
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
T riangle h/d = ∞
o
o Heav e 90 o
Sway 90 Roll 90
Ampl. W ave Load (kN /m or kNm/m)
5 5 5
1.25x10 1.25x 10 6x10
DELFRAC
SEAW AY + 5
5 5 5x10
1.00x10 1.00x 10 SEAW AY -
4x10 5
5 5
0.75x10 0.75x 10
3x10 5
5 5
0.50x10 0.50x 10
2x10 5
5 5
0.25x10 0.25x 10 5
1x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Triangular Cross Sections, B/d=1.155, h/d=1.2

Triangle h/d = 1.2
o
o Heave 0 o
Sway 0 R oll 0

5 1.00
DELFR AC
5 SEAWAY +
1.00x10 SEAWAY -
0.75 0.75
5
0.75x10
0.50 0.50
5
0.50x10
0.25 5 0.25
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
2-D Wave Loads on a Barge (O) at h/d=1.2, V=0kn, ¹=00
Triangle h/d = 1.2

o
o Heave 30
Sw ay 30 R oll 30
4 5 5
4x10 1.25x10 2.0x10
DELFRAC
5 SEAW AY +
4 1.00x10 SEAW AY - 5
3x10 1.5x10
5
0.75x10
2x10 4 1.0x10 5
5
0.50x10
4 5
1x10 5 0.5x10
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
W ave Frequenc y (rad/s ) W ave Frequency (rad/s) Wave F requency (rad/s)

Triangle h/d = 1.2

o
o H eave 60 o
Sway 60 Roll 60

4 5 5
7.5x 10 1.25x10 5x10
D ELFRAC
5 SEAW AY + 5
1.00x10 SEAW AY - 4x10
4
5.0x 10 5 5
0.75x10 3x10
5 5
0.50x10 2x10
2.5x 10 4
5 5
0.25x10 1x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Triangle h/d = 1.2

o
o H eave 90 o
Sway 90 R oll 90
1.5x105 5
1.25x10 8x10 5
DELFRAC
5 SEAW AY +
1.00x10 SEAW AY - 5
6x10
5
1.0x10 5
0.75x10
5
4x10
5
5 0.50x10
0.5x10
5
5 2x10
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
W av e Frequency (rad/s) Wav e Frequenc y (rad/s ) W ave Frequency (rad/s)

2.2.2 3-D Wave Loads on Crude Oil Carrier ”Macoma”

The main particulars of this ship in the computational test conditions were:
Length between perpendiculars Lpp 310.00 m

Breadth B 47.16 m
Amidships draught d 18.90 m
Trim by stern trim 0.00 m
Blockcoe¢cient Cb 0.850
Centre of gravity above base KG 18.90 m
Water depth ratio h=d 1
The under water hull form of this ship, until the full load draught of 18.90 meter at even
keel, is given in the …gure below.
2-D Presentation of a Body Plan of Crude Oil Carrier ”Macoma”
3-D Presentation of a Body Plan of Crude Oil Carrier ”Macoma”

The 2-D potential coe¢cients of cross sections 1, 19 and 20 have been obtained by Frank’s
pulsating source method. For the other cross sections, Tasai’s theory with a 10-parameter
conformal mapping has been used.
The computed sway, heave and roll wave load data in deep water by DELFRAC and
SEAWAY are given in the next …gures at zero forward ship speed and a range of wave
directions.
In all cases, fair to good agreements between the SEAWAY and DELFRAC results have
been found.
Macoma h/d = ∞
o
o Heav e 0 o
Sway 0 R oll 0
5
1.00 1.5x10 1.00
Am pl. W av e Load (kN or kNm )
DELFR AC
SEAWAY +
0.75 SEAWAY - 0.75
5
1.0x10
0.50 0.50
5
0.5x10
0.25 0.25
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
3-D Wave Loads on ”Macoma” at h/d=1, V=0kn, ¹=00

Macoma h/d = ∞
o
o H eave 30 o
Sway 30 Roll 30
4 5 4
2.5x 10 1.5x10 7.5x10

DELF RAC
4 SEAWAY +
2.0x 10 SEAWAY -
5
1.0x10 5.0x10 4
4
1.5x 10
4
1.0x 10
0.5x10 5 2.5x10 4
4
0.5x 10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Macoma h/d = ∞
o
o H eave 60 o
Sway 60 Roll 60
4 5 5
7.5x 10 1.5x10 1.5x10
D ELFRAC
SEAW AY +
SEAW AY -
5.0x 10 4 5
1.0x10 1.0x10 5
2.5x 10 4 0.5x10 5 0.5x10 5
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

M ac om a h/d = ∞
o
o Heav e 90 o
Sway 90 Roll 90
5 5 5
1.00x10 1.5x 10 3x10

DELFRAC
SEAW AY +
5 SEAW AY -
0.75x10
5
1.0x 10 2x10 5
0.50x10 5
0.5x 10 5 1x10 5
5
0.25x10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Macoma h/d = ∞
o
o Heave 120 o
Sway 120 Roll 120
4 5 5
7.5x 10 1.5x10 1.5x10
D ELFRAC
SEAW AY +
SEAW AY -
5.0x 10 4 5
1.0x10 1.0x10 5
2.5x 10 4 0.5x10 5 0.5x10 5
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Macoma h/d = ∞
o
o Heave 150 o
Sway 150 Roll 150
4 5 4
2.5x 10 1.5x10 7.5x10

D ELFRAC
4 SEAW AY +
2.0x 10 SEAW AY -
5
1.0x10 5.0x10 4
4
1.5x 10
4
1.0x 10
0.5x10 5 2.5x10 4
4
0.5x 10
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Macoma h/d = ∞
o
o Heave 180 o
Sw ay 180 Roll 180
5
1.00 1.50000x10 1.00
DELFRAC
SEAW AY +
0.75 SEAW AY - 0.75
5
1.00000x10
0.50 0.50
0.50000x10 5
0.25 0.25
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
360 360 360

270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Chapter 3
Responses of Todd-60 Series Models
[Strom-Tejsen et al., 1973] published results of model experiments at NSRDC in the USA
on added resistance in waves for a series of 5 feet length Todd-60 models with block-
coe¢cients varying from 0.60 until 0.80. The main dimensions of the models are given
below.
Model number 4210 4211 4212 4213 4214

Length at waterline Lwl 1.524 1.524 1.524 1.524 1.524 m
Breadth B 0.203 0.210 0.218 0.226 0.234 m
Amidships draught d 0.081 0.084 0.087 0.090 0.094 m
Trim by stern trim 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 m
Blockcoe¢cient Cb 0.600 0.650 0.700 0.750 0.800
Metacentric height GM 0.060 0.058 0.056 0.054 0.052 B
Radius of gyration for pitch in air kyy 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 Lwl
Water depth ratio h=d 20.6 19.9 19.2 18.6 17.9
The model numbers in this table refer to those used by Todd in 1953 and 1963.
0
35
36 CHAPTER 3. RESPONSES OF TODD-60 SERIES MODELS
3.1 Added Resistance

During the added resistance tests, the (very small) models were free in heaving and
pitching only. The experimental data have been compared here with SEAWAY results,
using both the radiated energy method of Gerritsma and Beukelman and the integrated
pressure method of Boese.
The 2-D potential coe¢cients of cross sections with too low an area coe¢cient have been
obtained by Frank’s pulsating source method. For all other cross sections, Tasai’s theory
with 10-parameter conformal mapping has been used.
The results are given in the following …gures; they are made dimensionless by:
s
0 Lwl 0 Raw
!e = !e ¢ and Raw = 2 2
g ½g³ a B =Lwl
in which:
!e = frequency of encounter
Raw = mean added resistance
³a = regular wave amplitude
B = breadth at waterline, amidships
Lwl = length of waterline
The …gures show the di¤erences between the radiated energy method of Gerritsma and
Beukelman and the integrated pressure method of Boese, as they generally appear. Com-
pared with the method of Gerritsma and Beukelman, the method of Boese provides higher
peak values and lower (almost zero) values at higher frequencies.
For these Todd-60 models, it seems that the method of Gerritsma and Beukelman has
a preference for ships with a low blockcoe¢cients and that the method of Boese has a
preference for ships with a high blockcoe¢cient. When using wave spectra, the underpre-
diction at higher frequencies here is often of less importance because of the low amount
of wave energy in this region.
However, due to the small size of the models, no high accuracy of these model tests will
be expected. The model length was just over 1.50 meter only.
3.1. ADDED RESISTANCE 37
3.1.1 Cb = 0.60
Body Plan of Todd-60 Model, Cb = 0.60
Fn = 0.26 6 Fn = 0.283
25 25
Todd-60 Cb = 0.60
KTH - +2
Added Resistance (-)
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
25 25
Todd-60 Cb = 0.60 Exp. Strom-Tejsen et. al.
KTH = -2 Calc. SEAW AY (Boese)

20 20
Calc. SEAW AY (G&B)
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency of Encounter (-) Fre que ncy of Encou nter (-)
Added Resistance of Todd-60 Model, Cb = 0.60

3.1.2 Cb = 0.65
Fn = 0.237 Fn = 0.254
25 25
Todd-60 Cb = 0.65
KTH = +2
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
25 25
Todd-60 Cb = 0.65
Exp. Strom-Tejsen et. al.
KTH = -2
20 20 Calc. SEAWAY (Boese)
Calc. SEAWAY (G&B)
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency of Encounter (-) Frequency of Encounter (-)

3.1.3 Cb = 0.70
Fn = 0.207 Fn = 0.222
25 25
Todd-60 Cb = 0.70
KTH = +2
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
25 25
KTH = -2 Calc. SEAWAY (Boese)

20 20
Calc. SEAWAY (G&B)
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3.1.4 Cb = 0.75
Fn = 0.177 Fn = 0.195
25 25
Todd-60 Cb = 0.75
KTH = +2
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
25 25

20 20
Calc. SEAWAY (G&B)
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3.1.5 Cb = 0.80
Fn = 0.147 Fn = 0.165
25 25
Todd-6 0 Cb = 0.80
KTH = +2
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
25 25
Todd-6 0 Cb = 0.80 Exp. Strom-Tejsen et. al.

20 20
Calc. SEAWAY (G&B)
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

.
Chapter 4
Responses of Fast Cargo Ship ”S.A.

van der Stel”
Extensive model experiments on the vertical plane motions and the added resistance of a
fast cargo ship have been carried out by [Gerritsma and Beukelman, 1972], [Journée, 1976b]
and [Journée, 1976a]. The main particulars of this ship in the full load and ballast test
conditions were:
Length between perpendiculars Lpp 152.500 152.50 m
Breadth B 22.80 22.80 m
Amidships draught d 9.14 5.20 m
Trim by stern trim 0.00 0.00 m
Blockcoe¢cient Cb 0.563 0.503
Centre of gravity above base KG 9.14 5.20 m
Radius of gyration for pitch in air kyy 0.220 0.260 Lpp
Water depth ratio h=d 13.7 24.0
Body Plan of Fast Cargo Ship ”S.A. van der Stel”

0
43
44 CHAPTER 4. RESPONSES OF FAST CARGO SHIP ”S.A. VAN DER STEL”
The experimental data, obtained at the Delft University of Technology with a 1:50 scale
model of this ship, have been taken from the …gures in the reports of [Gerritsma and Beukelman, 19
[Journée, 1976b] and [Journée, 1976a]. These data have been compared here with SEA-
WAY results.
The 2-D potential coe¢cients of cross sections 1, 2, 19 and 20 have been obtained by
Frank’s pulsating source method. For all other cross sections, Tasai’s theory with 10-
parameter conformal mapping has been used.
p
The results are given in the following …gures based on ¸=Lpp or Lpp =¸ are made dimen-
sionless by:
wave elevation ³ = ³ a cos (!e t ¡ kxb cos ¹)

za
heave motion z = za cos (! et + " z³ ) with: RAO =
³a
µ
pitch motion µ = µ a cos (!e t + "µ³ ) with: RAO = a
k³ a
zxa
vertical absolute motion zx = zxa cos (!e t + "zx³ ) with: RAO =
³a
sa
vertical relative motion s = sa cos (! e t + " s³ ) with: RAO =
³a
0 Raw
mean added resistance Raw = 2 2
½g³ aB =Lpp
in which:
¤a = wave or motion amplitude

!e = frequency of encounter
t = time
" ¤¤ = motion phase lag with respect to wave elevation in G
sa = vertical relative motion amplitude
k = wave number
xb = ship-bound longitudinal axis with origin in G
¹ = wave direction
¸ = wave length
Raw = mean added resistance
B = amidships breadth at waterline
Lpp = length between perpendiculars
G = centre of gravity
Generally, good agreements between the SEAWAY results and the experimental values
have been found.
The vertical relative motion has been calculated by both, excluding (absolute motions
and undisturbed wave only) and including a dynamic swell up caused by the oscillating
vessel. The experiments show here that accounting for the dynamic swell up improves the
computed results of relative motions.
4.1. FULL LADEN SHIP IN HEAD WAVES 45
4.1 Full Laden Ship in Head Waves

4.1.1 Heave and Pitch Motions
o o
Fn = 0.15 Loaded µ = 180 Fn = 0.20 Loaded µ = 180
2.0 2.0
Ex p. (G&B)
Ex p.
SEAWAY +
1.5 1.5
R AO H eav e (-)
SEAWAY -
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
RAO Heave (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Heave Amplitudes of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
o o
90 90
Phase H eav e (deg)
0 0
-90 -90
Ex p. (G&B)
-180 -180
Ex p.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
90 90
Phase Heave (deg)
0 0
-90 -90
-180 -180
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L /λ
Heave Phases of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
o o
2.0 2.0
Ex p. (G&B)
Ex p.
SEAWAY +
1.5 1.5
SEAWAY -
RAO Pitc h (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Pitch Amplitudes of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
o o
90 90
Phase Pitc h (deg)
0 0
-90 -90
Ex p. (G&B)
-180 -180
Ex p.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
90 90
(deg)
0 0
Phase Pitch
-90 -90
-180 -180
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L /λ
Pitch Phases of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
4.1.2 Added Resistance

o o
F n = 0.15 Loaded µ = 180 Fn = 0.20 Loaded µ = 180
12.5 12.5
Exp. (G&B)
Added Resistanc e (-) Exp.
10.0 10.0
SEAWAY + (G&B)
SEAWAY + (Boes e
)
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
12.5 12.5
Added R es istance (-)
10.0 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Added Resistance of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH > 0
o o
12.5 12.5
Exp. (G&B)
Exp.
Added Resistanc e (-)
10.0 10.0
SEAWAY - (G&B)
SEAWAY - (Boes e
)
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
12.5 12.5
10.0 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Added Resistance of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH < 0
4.1.3 Vertical Absolute Motions Forward

o o
4 4
RAO H eav e Forward (-)

3 3
2 2
1 1
Exp. Station 20
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
4 4
RAO Heave F orward (-)
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L/λ
Vertical Absolute Motions of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
4.1.4 Vertical Relative Motions Forward

Fn = 0.15 Loaded µ = 180o Fn = 0.20 Loaded µ = 180 o
6 6
Relative Motion Amplitude (-)

4 4
2 2
Exp. Station 20
SEAWAY + (incl. s well up)
SEAWAY + (ecl. s well up)
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
o
Fn = 0.25 Loaded µ = 180 o Fn = 0.30 Loaded µ = 180
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
wave length / ship length wave length / ship length
Vertical Relative Motions of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH > 0
Fn = 0.15 Loaded µ = 180o Fn = 0.20 Loaded µ = 180 o
6 6
4 4
2 2
Exp. Station 20
SEAWAY - (incl. swell up)
SEAWAY - (ecl. swell up)
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
o
Fn = 0.25 Loaded µ = 180 o Fn = 0.30 Loaded µ = 180
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Vertical Relative Motions of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH < 0
4.2 Ballasted Ship in Head Waves

o o
Fn = 0.15 Ballast µ = 180 Fn = 0.20 Ballast µ = 180
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
R AO H eav e (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
Ex p.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
RAO Heave (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Heave Amplitudes of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
o o
90 90
Phase H eav e (deg)
0 0
-90 -90
-180 -180
Exp.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
90 90
Phase Heave (deg)
0 0
-90 -90
-180 -180
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L /λ
Heave Phases of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves

4.2. BALLASTED SHIP IN HEAD WAVES 51
o o
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
RAO Pitc h (-)

1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
Ex p.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Pitch Amplitudes of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
o o
90 90
Phase Pitc h (deg)
0 0
-90 -90
-180 -180
Ex p.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
90 90
(deg)
0 0
Phase Pitch
-90 -90
-180 -180
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L /λ
Pitch Phases of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves


o o
Fn = 0.15 Ballas t µ = 180 Fn = 0.20 Ballast µ = 180
12.5 12.5
Exp.
SEAW AY + (G&B)
Added Resistanc e (-) SEAW AY + (Boese)
10.0 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
12.5 12.5
10.0 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Added Resistance of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH > 0
o o
12.5 12.5
Exp.
SEAW AY - (G&B)
10.0 SEAW AY - (Boese) 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
12.5 12.5
10.0 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Added Resistance of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH < 0
4.2. BALLASTED SHIP IN HEAD WAVES 53
4.2.3 Vertical Absolute Motions Forward

o o
4 4
RAO H eav e Forward (-)

3 3
2 2
1 1
Ex p. Station 18
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
4 4
RAO Heave F orward (-)
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Vertical Absolute Motions of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves
4.2.4 Vertical Relative Motions Forward

Fn = 0.15 Ballast µ = 180 o Fn = 0.20 Ballas t µ = 180o
6 6

4 4
2 2
Ex p. Station 18
SEAW AY + (excl. swell up)
SEAW AY + (inc l. swell up)
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
o
Fn = 0.25 Ballast µ = 180 o Fn = 0.30 Ballast µ = 180
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Vertical Relative Motions of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH > 0
Fn = 0.15 Ballast µ = 180 o Fn = 0.20 Ballas t µ = 180o
6 6
4 4
2 2
Ex p. Station 18
SEAW AY - (excl. swell up)
SEAW AY - (inc l. swell up)
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
o
Fn = 0.25 Ballast µ = 180 o Fn = 0.30 Ballast µ = 180
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Vertical Relative Motions of Ballasted ”S.A. van der Stel” in Head Waves, KTH < 0
4.3. FULL LADEN SHIP IN FOLLOWING WAVES 55
4.3 Full Laden Ship in Following Waves

o o o
Fn = 0.00 Loaded µ = 0 Fn = 0.15 Loaded µ = 0 Fn = 0.20 Loaded µ = 0
1.5 1.5 1.5

Exp.
SEAW AY +
SEAW AY -
RAO Heav e (-)
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5
0 0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
√ L /λ Fn = 0.25 Loaded µ=0 Fn = 0.30 Loaded µ = 0
1.5 1.5
R AO Heave (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L/λ
Heave Amplitudes of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Following Waves
o o o
F n = 0.00 Loaded µ = 0 Fn = 0.15 Loaded µ = 0 Fn = 0.20 Loaded µ = 0
90 90 90
Phas e Heav e (deg)
0 0 0
-90 -90 -90
-180 -180 -180

Exp.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
-270 -270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o
√ L /λ Fn = 0.25 Loaded µ = 0 o F n = 0.30 loaded µ = 0
90 90
Phase H eave (deg)
0 0
-90 -90
-180 -180
-270 -270
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L/λ
Heave Phases of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Following Waves
o o o
1.5 1.5 1.5

Exp.
SEAW AY +
SEAW AY -
R AO Pitc h (-) 1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5
0 0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
√ L /λ Fn = 0.25 Loaded µ = 0 Fn = 0.30 Loaded µ = 0
1.5 1.5
RAO Pitc h (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L/λ
Pitch Amplitudes of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Following Waves
o o o
360 360 360

Exp.
SEAW AY +
SEAW AY -
Phase Pitch (deg)
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
0 0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o
√L/λ Fn = 0.25 Loaded µ = 0 o Fn = 0.30 Loaded µ = 0
360 360
Phase Pitc h (deg)
270 270
180 180
90 90
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L / λ √L/λ
Pitch Phases of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Following Waves
4.3. FULL LADEN SHIP IN FOLLOWING WAVES 57

o o
12.5 12.5
Exp. (G&B)
Added Resistanc e (-) Exp.
10.0 10.0
SEAWAY + (G&B)
SEAWAY + (Boes e
)
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
12.5 12.5
10.0 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Added Resistance of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Following Waves, KTH > 0
o o
12.5 12.5
Exp. (G&B)
Exp.
10.0 10.0
SEAWAY - (G&B)
SEAWAY - (Boes e
)
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
o o
12.5 12.5
10.0 10.0
7.5 7.5
5.0 5.0
2.5 2.5
0 0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
√L/λ √L /λ
Added Resistance of Full Laden ”S.A. van der Stel” in Following Waves, KTH < 0
.
Chapter 5
Responses of Containership ”S-175”
The under water hull form of the containership design ”S-175” with a draught of 9.00
meter is given in the …gure below.
Body Plan of Containership ”S-175”
The main particulars of these models (transformed to ship dimensions) under test condi-
tions, as given in table I in the report of [Nakamura, 1976], were:

Breadth B 25.40 m
Radius of gyration for pitch in air kyy 0.24 Lpp
0
59
60 CHAPTER 5. RESPONSES OF CONTAINERSHIP ”S-175”
5.1 Added Resistance

[Nakamura, 1976] has carried out added resistance tests in regular head waves with a
1:38.89 model (Lpp = 4:50 m) of the containership design ”S-175”.
[Fujii and Takahashi, 1975] have used a 1:50 model (Lpp = 3:50 m) of this ship, when
measuring the added resistance in regular oblique waves.
The test conditions were:
F n = 0:15 F n = 0:20 F n = 0:25 F n = 0:30

¹ = 180 0
x x x x (Nakamura)
¹ = 1500 x x (Fujii)
¹ = 1200 x x (Fujii)
The experimental data presented here have been taken from the …gures 2 and 8 in the
report of [Nakamura, 1976]. These data have been compared with SEAWAY results, using
both the radiated energy method of Gerritsma and Beukelman and the integrated pressure
method of Boese.
The 2-D potential coe¢cients of the cross sections 1, 3, 19, 19.5 and 20 have been obtained
by Frank’s pulsating source method. For all other cross sections, Tasai’s theory with 10-
parameter conformal mapping has been used.
The measured and calculated non-dimensional added resistance data as a function of the
ship length / wave length ratio, Lpp =¸ are given in the next …gures.
15 15 o
15 15 o
µ = 180
o
µ = 180 µ = 150
o
µ = 120
Fn = 0.15 Fn = 0.2 0 Fn = 0.15 Fn = 0.15
Added resistance (-)

10 10 10 10
G&B (+) Boese (+)
5 5 5 5
0 0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
15 15 15 15
o o o o
µ = 180 µ = 180 µ = 150 µ = 120
Fn = 0.25 Fn = 0.30 Fn = 0.25 Fn = 0.25
10 10 10 10
Fujii
Naka-
mura
5 5 5 5
0 0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
L/ λ L/ λ L/ λ L /λ
Added Resistance of ”S-175”, KTH > 0
15 15 o
15 15 o
µ = 180
o
µ = 180 µ = 150
o
µ = 120
Fn = 0.15 Fn = 0.2 0 Fn = 0.15 Fn = 0.15
10 10 10 10
G&B (-) Boese (-)
5 5 5 5
0 0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
15 15 15 15
o o o o
µ = 180 µ = 180 µ = 150 µ = 120
Fn = 0.25 Fn = 0.30 Fn = 0.25 Fn = 0.25
10 10 10 10
Fujii
Naka-
mura
5 5 5 5
0 0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
L/ λ L/ λ L/ λ L /λ
Added Resistance of ”S-175”, KTH < 0

62 CHAPTER 5. RESPONSES OF CONTAINERSHIP ”S-175”
Chapter 6
Responses of Containership
”Nedlloyd Dejima”
The main dimensions are:

Breadth B 32.20 m
Midship draught d 10.85 m
.
The body plan of the ship is given below:
Body Plan of Containership ”Nedlloyd Dejima”
Model experiments on motions and bending and torsional moments have been carried
out in the past at MARIN by [Tan, 1972] with a 1:55 model of this vessel. Recently
[Zhou et al., 1996] carried out model experiments at CSRC in China with a 1:100 model
of this vessel to determine absolute and relative motions. These data have been compared
here with SEAWAY results.
0
63
64 CHAPTER 6. RESPONSES OF CONTAINERSHIP ”NEDLLOYD DEJIMA”
The 2-D potential coe¢cients of the cross sections 3 and after 3 and 19 and before 19 have
been obtained by Frank’s pulsating source method. For all other cross sections, Tasai’s
theory with 10-parameter conformal mapping has been used.
The following weight distribution has been used during the calculations:
Mass Distribution of ”Nedlloyd Dejima” as Used During Calculations
This - somewhat strange - …ctive distribution ful…ls the requirements for both, each seg-
ment of about 1=4Lpp length as well as for the whole ship, with respect to the mass, the
longitudinal position of the centre of gravity, G, and the radius of gyration, kyy .
The following …gures with absolute ship motions show fair to good agreements between
the computed data of SEAWAY and the experimental data.
6.1. HEAVE AND PITCH MOTIONS 65
6.1 Heave and Pitch Motions

1 .5 1.5 1.5
Exp. Zhou
SEAWAY +
RAO Heave (-) SEAWAY -
1 .0 1.0 1.0
0 .5 0.5 0.5
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10

o
µ = 180
o
µ = 090
o
µ = 135
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
1.5 1.5 1.5

RAO Heave (-)
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5

Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22
o o
µ = 180 µ = 135
o
µ = 090
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/ L λ/L λ/L
Heave Motions of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”
1 .5 1.5 1.5
Exp. Zhou
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
RAO Pitch (-)
1 .0 1.0 1.0
0 .5 0.5 0.5
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10

o o
µ = 135 µ = 090
o
µ = 180
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
1.5 1.5 1.5

RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5

Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22
o o
µ = 180 µ = 135
o
µ = 090
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/ L λ /L λ/L
Pitch Motions of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”

6.2 Roll Motions

5 5 5
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10
o o
4 µ = 180 4 µ = 135 4 µ = 090
o
RAO Roll (-)
3 3 3
Exp. Zhou
SEAWAY +
2 2 2
SEAWAY -
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
5 5 5
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22
o o
4 µ = 180 4 µ = 135
o
4 µ = 090
RAO Roll (-)
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L
Roll Motions of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”
6.3 Vertical Accelerations

50 50 50
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10
RAO Accelerations 17 (-)
o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
o
40 40 40
Exp. Zhou
30 30 30
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
20 20 20
10 10 10
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
50 50 50
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22
RAO Accelerations 17 (-)
o o o
40 µ = 180 40 µ = 135 40 µ = 090
30 30 30
20 20 20
10 10 10
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ /L λ/L λ/L
Vertical Accelerations at Station 17 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”

6.4. VERTICAL RELATIVE MOTIONS 67
6.4 Vertical Relative Motions

3 3 3
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10
RAO Relative Motion 5 (-)

o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
o
Exp. Zhou
2 2 2
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22
o o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L
Vertical Relative Motions at Station 5 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”
3 3 3
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10
o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
o
Exp. Zhou
2 2 2
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22
o o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L
Vertical Relative Motions at Station 5 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”, Including Dynamical

Swell-Up
3 3 3

Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10
o o
µ = 180 µ = 135
o
µ = 090
2 2 2
Exp. Zhou
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22

o o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L
3 3 3
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10

o
µ = 180 µ = 135 o
o
µ = 090
2 2 2
Exp. Zhou
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22

o o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L

Swell-Up
6.4. VERTICAL RELATIVE MOTIONS 69
3 3 3

Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10
µ = 180 o o
o
µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
Exp. Zhou
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22

o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
o
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L
3 3 3
Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10

o o
o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
Exp. Zhou
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22

o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
o
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L

Swell-Up
3 3 3

Exp. Zhou Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10
o
SEAWAY + µ = 135
o
µ = 090
SEAWAY -
2 2 2
1 1 1
Fn = 0.10
o
µ = 180
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22

o o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L
3 3 3
Exp. Zhou Fn = 0.10 Fn = 0.10

o
SEAWAY + µ = 135
o
µ = 090
SEAWAY -
2 2 2
1 1 1
Fn = 0.10
o
µ = 180
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3 3 3
Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22 Fn = 0.22

o o o
µ = 180 µ = 135 µ = 090
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
λ/L λ /L λ/L

Swell-Up
6.5. BENDING AND TORSIONAL MOMENTS 71
6.5 Bending and Torsional Moments

Model experiments on bending and torsional moments have been carried out by [Tan, 1972]
with a 1:55 model of this vessel. The experimental data were taken from his report and
they have been compared here with data computed by SEAWAY.
The internal loads at stations 5, 10 and 15 are given here for a ship speed of 24.5 knots
and three regular wave directions: stern-quartering waves from star board (¹ = 450), head
waves (¹ = 1800) and bow-quartering waves from port side (¹ = 2250 ).
The shear forces (Fy and F z ), the bending moments (My and Mz ) and the torsional
moments (Mx) in regular waves are given on base of the wave length to ship length ratio
(¸=Lpp ) and are made dimensionless by:
0 Fy;z 0 M x;y;z
Fy;z = and Mx;y;z =
½g³ aBLpp ½g³ aBL2pp
To obtain a similar sign convention as used by [Tan, 1972] for his experimental data, a
phase shift ¼ has been added here to the by SEAWAY computed phase lags of Fz , Mx
and Mz .
The following …gures show the dimensionless sheer force and bending and torsional mo-
ment amplitudes and their phase lags with respect to the wave elevation at the centre of
gravity, G, for the three wave directions.
There is a fair agreement for the vertical loads Fz and My , but the torsional loads Mx
and the lateral loads Fy and Mz do not agree always well.
C on tai ne rshi p, Tan 19 72 F y a t S ta tio n 0 5 V = 24 .5 kn
0.1 00 0.1 00 0 .1 00 o
Ex p. 04 5o Exp . 2 25
SE AWAY + SEAW AY +
) SEAW AY -
SE AWAY -
A mp li tu d e F -0 5 (-
0.0 75 0.0 75 0 .0 75
y
0.0 50 0.0 50 0 .0 50
0.0 25 0.0 25 0 .0 25
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 270 2 70
1 80 180 1 80
Ph ase F -05 ( de g)
90 90 90
y
0 0 0
-90 -9 0 -90
-1 80 -1 8 0 -1 80
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L
Horizontal Shear Forces at Station 5 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”

0.1 00 o 0.1 00 0 .1 00 o
Exp . 0 45 E xp. 22 5
SEAW AY + S EAWA Y +
) SEAW AY - S EAWA Y -
0.0 75 0.0 75 0 .0 75
y
0.0 50 0.0 50 0 .0 50
0.0 25 0.0 25 0 .0 25
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 270 2 70
1 80 180 1 80
90 90 90
y
0 0 0
-90 -9 0 -90
-1 80 -1 8 0 -1 80
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

0.1 00 0.1 00 0 .1 00 o
o
Ex p. 04 5 Exp . 2 25
SE AWAY + SEAW AY +
) SEAW AY -
SE AWAY -
0.0 75 0.0 75 0 .0 75
y
0.0 50 0.0 50 0 .0 50
0.0 25 0.0 25 0 .0 25
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 270 2 70
1 80 180 1 80
90 90 90
y
0 0 0
-90 -9 0 -90
-1 80 -1 8 0 -1 80
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

C o ntai ne rsh ip , Ta n 1 97 2 F z a t Statio n 0 5 V = 24 .5 kn
0.1 5 0 .15 0.15 o

Exp . 0 45 o Exp . 1 8 00 E xp. 22 5
SEAW AY + SEA WAY + S EAWA Y +
) S EAWA Y -
SEAW AY - SEA WAY -
0.1 0 0 .10 0.10
z
0.0 5 0 .05 0.05
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
36 0 36 0 3 60
27 0 27 0 2 70
Ph ase F z-05 ( de g)
18 0 18 0 1 80
90 90 90
0 0 0
-9 0 -9 0 -90
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L
Vertical Shear Forces at Station 5 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”

0.1 5 o 0 .15 0.15 o

Ex p. 04 5 Exp . 18 0o E xp. 22 5
SE AWAY + SEA WAY + S EAWA Y +
) SE AWAY - S EAWA Y -
SEA WAY -
0.1 0 0 .10 0.10

z
0.0 5 0 .05 0.05
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
36 0 36 0 3 60
27 0 27 0 2 70
18 0 18 0 1 80
90 90 90
0 0 0
-9 0 -9 0 -90
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

0.1 5 o 0 .15 0.15

o
Exp . 0 45 Exp . 18 0 E xp. 22 5 o
) SEAW AY - SEA WAY - S EAWA Y -
0.1 0 0 .10 0.10

z
0.0 5 0 .05 0.05
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
36 0 36 0 3 60
27 0 27 0 2 70
18 0 18 0 1 80
90 90 90
0 0 0
-9 0 -9 0 -90
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

C on tai ne rshi p, Tan 19 72 M x at Sta tion 05 V = 24 .5 kn
0.0 03 o 0.0 03 0 .0 03
Exp . 0 4 5 Exp . 2 25 o
SEA WAY + SEAW AY +
) SEA WAY - SEAW AY -
Amp li tud e M -05 (-

0.0 02 0.0 02 0 .0 02
x
0.0 01 0.0 01 0 .0 01
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 270 2 70
1 80 180 1 80
Ph as e M -05 (d eg )
90 90 90
x
0 0 0
-90 -9 0 -90
-1 80 -1 8 0 -1 80
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L
Torsional Moment at Station 5 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”

0.0 03 0.0 03 0 .0 03 o
Exp . 0 4 5o Exp . 2 25
SEA WAY + SEAW AY +
)
SEA WAY - SEAW AY -
0.0 02 0.0 02 0 .0 02
x
0.0 01 0.0 01 0 .0 01
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 270 2 70
1 80 180 1 80
90 90 90
x
0 0 0
-90 -9 0 -90
-1 80 -1 8 0 -1 80
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

0.0 03 0.0 03 0 .0 03 o
o
Exp . 0 4 5 E xp. 22 5
SEA WAY + S EAWA Y +
)
SEA WAY - S EAWA Y -
0.0 02 0.0 02 0 .0 02
x
0.0 01 0.0 01 0 .0 01
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 270 2 70
1 80 180 1 80
90 90 90
x
0 0 0
-90 -9 0 -90
-1 80 -1 8 0 -1 80
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

C o ntai ne rsh ip , Ta n 1 97 2 My a t S ta tio n 05 V = 24 .5 kn
0.0 4 0 .04 0.04

Exp . 0 45 o Exp . 1 80 o E xp. 22 5 o
)
SEAW AY - SEA WAY - S EAWA Y -

0.0 3 0 .03 0.03
y
0.0 2 0 .02 0.02
0.0 1 0 .01 0.01
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
36 0 36 0 3 60
27 0 27 0 2 70
Ph as e My -05 (d eg )
18 0 18 0 1 80
90 90 90
0 0 0
-9 0 -9 0 -90
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L
Vertical Bending Moment at Station 5 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”

C o ntai ne rsh ip , Ta n 1 97 2 My a t S ta tio n 10 V = 2 4.5 0 kn
0.0 4 0 .04 0.04

Exp . 0 45 o o
Exp . 1 8 0o E xp. 22 5
SEAW AY + SEA WAY + S EAWAY +
)
SEAW AY - SEA WAY - S EAWAY -
0.0 3 0 .03 0.03

y
0.0 2 0 .02 0.02
0.0 1 0 .01 0.01
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
36 0 36 0 3 60
27 0 27 0 2 70
18 0 18 0 1 80
90 90 90
0 0 0
-9 0 -9 0 -90
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

C o ntai ne rsh ip , Ta n 1 97 2 My a t S ta tio n 15 V = 24 .5 kn
0.0 4 o 0 .04 0.04 o

o
Exp . 0 45 Ex p. 18 0 E xp. 22 5
SEAW AY + SE AWA Y + S EAWAY +
) SEAW AY - SE AWA Y - S EAWAY -
0.0 3 0 .03 0.03

y
0.0 2 0 .02 0.02
0.0 1 0 .01 0.01
0 0 0
0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
36 0 36 0 3 60
27 0 27 0 2 70
18 0 18 0 1 80
90 90 90
0 0 0
-9 0 -9 0 -90
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0.5 1 .0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

C on ta in e rshi p, Tan 19 72 M z at Sta ti on 05 V = 24 .5 kn
0 .03 0 .0 3 0 .03
Exp . 0 45 o E xp. 22 5o
SEA WAY + S EAWA Y +
)
SEA WAY - S EAWA Y -
Amp li tud e M z-05 (-

0 .02 0 .0 2 0 .02
0 .01 0 .0 1 0 .01
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 2 70 2 70
1 80 1 80 1 80
90 90 90
z
0 0 0
- 90 -90 -90
-1 80 -1 80 -1 80
0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L
Horizontal Bending Moment at Station 5 of ”Nedlloyd Dejima”

0 .03 0 .0 3 0 .03
o o
Exp . 0 45 Exp . 2 25
SEA WAY + SEAW AY +
)
SEA WAY - SEAW AY -
0 .02 0 .0 2 0 .02
0 .01 0 .0 1 0 .01
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 2 70 2 70
1 80 1 80 1 80
90 90 90
z
0 0 0
- 90 -90 -90
-1 80 -1 80 -1 80
0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

0 .03 0 .0 3 0 .03
o
Exp . 0 4 5 Exp . 2 25 o
) SEA WAY + SEAW AY +
SEA WAY - SEAW AY -
0 .02 0 .0 2 0 .02
0 .01 0 .0 1 0 .01
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1 .0 1.5 0 0 .5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
2 70 2 70 2 70
1 80 1 80 1 80
90 90 90
z
0 0 0
- 90 -90 -90
-1 80 -1 80 -1 80
0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1 .5
λ/ λ/L λ/L
L

Chapter 7
Oil Recovery Vessel ”Smal Agt” in

Shallow Water
Model experiments on the heave and pitch motions at shallow water of the oil recovery
vessel ”Smal Agt” have been carried out by [Doorn, 1981] for his student’s thesis at the
Delft University of Technology . The main particulars of the ship in test conditions were:

Breadth B 9.14 m
Water depth ratio h=d variable
The under water hull form of this ship, until the draught of 3.25 meter at even keel, is
given in the …gure below.
Body Plan of Oil Recovery Vessel ”Smal Agt”

0
77
78 CHAPTER 7. OIL RECOVERY VESSEL ”SMAL AGT” IN SHALLOW WATER
7.1 Heave and Pitch Motions

The experimental data, obtained with a 1:25 scale model of this ship, have been taken from
the …gures in the student’s thesis of [Doorn, 1981]. The experiments have been carried
out at 5 water depths: h=d = 1.20, 1.38, 1.54, 1.69 and 7.69. According to [Doorn, 1981],
the pitch results at lower frequencies have been in‡uenced somewhat by tank wall e¤ects.
These experimental data have been compared here with computed data by SEAWAY.
The results of the model tests and the computations are given in the following …gures
based on the frequency of encounter !e during the tests. The transfer functions are given
by heave amplitude divided by wave amplitude, ³ a , and pitch amplitude divided by wave
slope amplitude, k³ a .
The …gures show fair to good agreements between SEAWAY and the restricted water
experiments.
7.1.1 h/d = 1.20

Smal Agt h/d = 1.20
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.10 Exp. Fn = 0.10
SEAWAY +
RAO Heave (-)
SEAWAY -
RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.13 Fn = 0.13
RAO Heave (-)
RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
Frequency of Encounter (rad/s) Frequency of Encounter (rad/s)
Heave and Pitch Motions of ”Smal Agt”, h/d = 1.20

7.1. HEAVE AND PITCH MOTIONS 79
7.1.2 h/d = 1.38

Smal Agt h/d = 1.38
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.16 Exp. Fn = 0.16
SEAWAY +
RAO Heave (-)
SEAWAY -
RAO Pitch (-)

1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
Freqquency of Encounter (rad/s) Frequency of Encounter (rad/s)
7.1.3 h/d = 1.54

Smal Agt h/d = 1.54
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.16 Exp. Fn = 0.16
SEAWAY +
RAO Heave (-)
SEAWAY -
RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.18 Fn = 0.18
RAO Heave (-)
RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0

80 CHAPTER 7. OIL RECOVERY VESSEL ”SMAL AGT” IN SHALLOW WATER
7.1.4 h/d = 1.69

Smal Agt h/d = 1.69
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.16 Exp. Fn = 0.16
SEAWAY +
RAO Heave (-)
SEAWAY -
RAO Pitch (-)

1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.18 Fn = 0.18
RAO Heave (-)
RAO Pitch (-)

1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
7.1.5 h/d = 7.69

Smal Agt h/d = 7.69
1.5 1.5
Fn = 0.20 Fn = 0.20
RAO Heave (-)
RAO Pitch (-)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
Exp.
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
0 0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
Freqquency of Encounter (rad/s) Frequency of Encounter (rad/s)

Chapter 8
Responses of Crude Oil Carrier

”Macoma”
The main particulars of this ship in the test conditions were:

Breadth B 47.16 m
Radius of gyration for roll in air kxx 0.313 B
Radius of gyration for yaw in air kzz 0.256 Lpp
Water depth ratio h=d 4.37
Body Plan of Crude Oil Carrier ”Macoma”

0
81
82 CHAPTER 8. RESPONSES OF CRUDE OIL CARRIER ”MACOMA”
The experimental data, obtained at MARIN with a 1:82.5 scale model of this ship, have
been taken from the …gures in the doctor’s thesis of [Pinkster, 1980]. These data have
been compared here with computed data by DELFRAC and SEAWAY.
The 2-D potential coe¢cients of the cross sections have been obtained here with Keil’s
method.
The results are given in the following …gures based on a non-dimensional wave frequency
parameter:
s
0 r 1=3
! =!¢
g
in which r is the volume of displacement of the ship and g is the acceleration of gravity.
The transfer functions of the translations of G are given by translation amplitude divided
by wave amplitude, ³ a, and those of the rotation about G by rotation amplitude divided
by wave slope amplitude, k³ a .
The …gures show fair to good agreements between the results of the computer codes
DELFRAC and SEAWAY and the experimental data.
8.1. CENTRE OF GRAVITY MOTIONS 83
8.1 Centre of Gravity Motions

Macoma V = 0 kn Surge
2.0 2.0 2.0

Exp.
DELFRAC
1.5 SEAWAY + 1.5 1.5
Amplitude (-)
SEAWAY -
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5
µ = 090
o
o o
µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540
450 450 450

Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Surge Motions of ”Macoma” at V=0kn
Macoma V = 0 kn Sway
2.5 2.5 2.5

Exp.
2.0 2.0 2.0 DELFRAC
SEAWAY +
Amplitude (-)
SEAWAY -
1.5 1.5 1.5
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5

o
µ = 090 µ = 135 o
o
µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
360 360 360
270 270 270

Phase lag (deg)
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Sway Motions of ”Macoma” at V=0kn

Macoma V = 0 kn Heave
2.0 2 .0 2.0
Exp.
DELFRAC
1.5 1 .5 1.5 SEAWAY +
Amplitude (-)
SEAWAY -
1.0 1 .0 1.0
0.5 0 .5 0.5
µ = 090 o o
o
µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1 .0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540
450 450 450

Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Heave Motions of ”Macoma” at V=0kn
Macoma V = 0 kn Roll
10.0 1 0.0 10.0

Exp.
DELFRAC
7.5 7.5 7.5 SEAWAY +
Amplitude (-)
SEAWAY -
5.0 5.0 5.0
o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
o
2.5 2.5 2.5
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1 .0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
360 360 360
270 270 270

Phase lag (deg)
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Roll Motions of ”Macoma” at V=0kn

Macoma V = 0 kn Pitch
1.25 1 .2 5 1 .2 5
Exp.
1.00 DELFRAC 1 .0 0 1 .0 0
Amplitude (-) SEAWAY +
0.75 SEAWAY - 0 .7 5 0 .7 5
0.50 0 .5 0 0 .5 0
0.25 0 .2 5 0 .2 5
µ = 090
o
o o
µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540
450 450 450

Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Pitch Motions of ”Macoma” at V=0kn
Macoma V = 0 kn Yaw
1.0 1.0 1.0

Exp.
0.8 0.8 0.8 DELFRAC
SEAWAY +
Amplitude (-)
0.6 0.6 0.6 SEAWAY -
0.4 0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2 0.2

o
µ = 090 µ = 135
o
µ = 180
o
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540
450 450 450

Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o
µ = 090
o
µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Yaw Motions of ”Macoma” at V=0kn

.
Chapter 9
Responses of Semi-submersible
”Semi-Pinkster”
The main particulars of the semi-submersible in the test conditions, used here, were:
Length over all Loa 100.00 m

Breadth over all Boa 76.00 m
Volume of displacement r 34,600 m3
Radius of gyration for roll in air kxx 30.55 m
Radius of gyration for pitch in air kyy 30.89 m
Radius of gyration for yaw in air kzz 41.74 m
Water depth ratio h=d 2.00
A sketch of this vessel is given in the …gure below.
Semi-submersible ”Semi-Pinkster”, as Used by Pinkster (1980)
The experimental data, obtained at MARIN with a 1:40 scale model of this vessel, have
been taken from the …gures in the doctor’s thesis of [Pinkster, 1980]. The motions of this
0
87
88 CHAPTER 9. RESPONSES OF SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE ”SEMI-PINKSTER”
vessel for six degrees of freedom were measured at zero forward speed in regular beam,
bow quartering and head waves. These measured data have been compared here with
computed data by SEAWAY.
In contraction with all other ship motion calculations in this report, the wave loads and
resulting motions of vessels with twin hull cross sections -such as this semi-submersible -
have still to be calculated with the classic strip theory approach; the strip theory para-
meter in the input data …le has to be set to: K T H = +1 or K T H = +2. An adoption
for di¤raction wave loads (K T H = ¡1 or KT H = ¡2) for twin hull sections will be
included in SEAWAY in the near future. All 2-D potential (deep water) coe¢cients have
been calculated here with Frank’s pulsating source method (K COF = +11).
The results are given in the following …gures based on a non-dimensional wave frequency
parameter:
s
0 r 1=3
! =!¢
g
in which r is the volume of displacement of the ship and g is the acceleration of gravity.
The transfer functions of the translations of G are given by translation amplitude divided
by wave amplitude, ³ a, and those of the rotation about G by rotation amplitude divided
by wave slope amplitude, k³ a .
The …gures show fair to good agreements between the results of the computer code SEA-
WAY and the experimental data.
9.1 Centre of Gravity Motions

Semi-Pinkster V = 0 kn Surge
1.5 1.5 1.5

Experiment
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
Amplitude (-)
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5
µ = 090
o
o o
µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540
450 450 450

Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Surge Motions of ”Semi-Pinkster” at V=0kn
Semi-Pinkster V = 0 kn Sway
1.5 1.5 1.5

Experiment
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
Amplitude (-)
1.0 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5 0.5
o o
µ = 090 µ = 135
o
µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
360 360 360
270 270 270

Phase lag (deg)
180 180 180
90 90 90
o
µ = 090
o
µ = 135 µ = 180
o
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Sway Motions of ”Semi-Pinkster” at V=0kn

Semi-Pinkster V = 0 kn Heave
1.5 1 .5 1.5
Experiment
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
Amplitude (-) 1.0 1 .0 1.0
o o
o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0.5 0 .5 0.5
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1 .0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540
450 450 450

Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Heave Motions of ”Semi-Pinkster” at V=0kn
Semi-Pinkster V = 0 kn Roll
1.5 1 .5 1.5
Experiment
SEAWAY +
SEAWAY -
Amplitude (-)
1.0 1 .0 1.0
o o
o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180

0.5 0 .5 0.5
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1 .0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
360 360 360
270 270 270

Phase lag (deg)
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Roll Motions of ”Semi-Pinkster” at V=0kn

Semi-Pinkster V = 0 kn Pitch
1.5 1.5 1.5

Experiment
SEAWAY+
SEAWAY -
Amplitude (-) 1.0 1.0 1.0
o
µ = 090 o
µ = 180
o
µ = 135
0.5 0.5 0.5
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540

o
µ = 090
450 450 450
Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o
µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Pitch Motions of ”Semi-Pinkster” at V=0kn
Semi-Pinkster V = 0 kn Yaw
1.5 1.5 1.5

Experiment
SEAWAY+
SEAWAY -
Amplitude (-)
1.0 1.0 1.0
o
o
µ = 090 µ = 135
o
µ = 180
0.5 0.5 0.5
0 0 0
0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 .5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 .0 2.5
540 540 540
450 450 450

Phase lag (deg)
360 360 360
270 270 270
180 180 180
90 90 90
o o o
µ = 090 µ = 135 µ = 180
0 0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Yaw Motions of ”Semi-Pinkster” at V=0kn

.
Chapter 10
Conclusions
The following conclusions may be drawn from this validation and veri…cation study of the
strip theory program SEAWAY:
² Absolute motions.
Generally, the predictions agree very well with experimental data. However, a vis-
cous damping for roll is required. Also, for ships at restricted water depths good
agreements have been found.
² Vertical relative motions.

The vertical relative motions are predicted fairly well. When accounting for the
dynamic swell up, good agreements will be found.
² Mean added resistance.

The added resistance at high frequencies will be underpredicted, but - generally -
this e¤ect is of less importance in irregular waves.
In head to beam waves, the added resistance will be predicted quite well by the
radiation method of Gerritsma and Beukelman. However, for ships with a large
blockcoe¢cient (Cb > 0:75), the integrated pressure method of Boese has sometimes
the preference.
In following waves, the integrated pressure method of Boese has to be used.
The reliability of the computed added resistance at restricted water depths has not
been investigated yet.
² The wave loads of vessels with twin hull cross sections - such as this semi-submersible
- have still to be calculated here with the classic strip theory approach; the strip
theory parameter in the input data …le has to be set to: KTH > 0.
² .
0
93
94 CHAPTER 10. CONCLUSIONS
.
Chapter 11
Acknowledgments
The author wish to thank Jo Pinkster for his support when comparing the computational
results of DELFRAC and SEAWAY. Especially for the wave loads, these comparisons
were very fruitful.
Last but not least, the cooperation with Aad Versluis - who carried out all DELFRAC
computations (much more than presented here) - is very much acknowledged.
0
95
96 CHAPTER 11. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
.
Bibliography
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Wave Di¤raction and Drift Forces Acting on the Structures. Technical Report 1017,
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Laboratory, The Netherlands.
[Fujii and Takahashi, 1975] Fujii, H. and Takahashi, T. (1975). Experimental Study on
the Resistance Increase of a Ship in Regular Oblique Waves. In Proceedings 14th ITTC.
International Towing Tank Conference.
[Gerritsma and Beukelman, 1972] Gerritsma, J. and Beukelman, W. (1972). Analysis

of the Resistance Increase in Waves of a Fast Cargo-ship. International Shipbuilding
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[Journée, 1976a] Journée, J. M. J. (1976a). Motions and Resistance of a

Ship in Regular Following Waves. Technical Report 440, Delft University
of Technology, Ship Hydromechanics Laboratory, The Netherlands. (Internet:
http://dutw189.wbmt.tudelft.nl/~johan or http://www.shipmotions.nl).
[Journée, 1976b] Journée, J. M. J. (1976b). Motions, Resistance and Propulsion

of a Ship in Longitudinal Regular Waves. Technical Report 428, Delft Univer-
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4.19). Technical Report 1216a, Delft University of Technology, Ship Hydromechanics
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[Journée, 2001b] Journée, J. M. J. (2001b). User Manual of SEAWAY (Release 4.19).

Technical Report 1212a, Delft University of Technology, Ship Hydromechanics Lab-
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98 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[Nakamura, 1976] Nakamura, S. (1976). Added Resistance and Propulsive Performance

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[Pinkster, 1980] Pinkster, J. A. (1980). Low Frequency Second Order Wave Exciting
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[Strom-Tejsen et al., 1973] Strom-Tejsen, J., Yeh, H. Y. H., and Moran, D. D. (1973).
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[Tan, 1972] Tan, S. (1972). Wave Load Measurements on a Model of a Large Contain-
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Veri…cation and Validation of

Ship Motions Program SEAWAY

by: J.M.J. Journée

Report1213a February 2001

3 Responses of Todd-60 Series Models 35

4 Responses of Fast Cargo Ship ”S.A. van der Stel” 43

5 Responses of Containership ”S-175” 59

6 Responses of Containership ”Nedlloyd Dejima” 63

7 Oil Recovery Vessel ”Smal Agt” in Shallow Water 77

8 Responses of Crude Oil Carrier ”Macoma” 81

9 Responses of Semi-submersible ”Semi-Pinkster” 87

2.1 Comparison with 2-D Experiments at Deep Wa-

Cylinders as Tested by Vugts

Circular Cross Section

Heave CIRCLE Experim ents Vugts

1.5 0.75 1.00

W ave Load Amplitude (-)

0.75 0.5 180

Frequenc y (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)

Heave Phenomena of a Circular Cross Section

Sway CIRCLE Ex periments Vugts

Wave Load Amplitude (-)

1.00 0.30 180

Wave Load Phase (deg)

Frequency (-) F requency (-) Frequency (-)

Sway Phenomena of a Circular Cross Section

Roll CIR CLE Experim ents Vugts

0.15 0.50 2.0

0.20 0.40 180

0.15 0.30 Exp: φa =0.10rad

-0.05 -0.10 -180

Frequency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)

Roll Phenomena of a Circular Cross Section

Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2

H eave RECTANGLE B/d = 2 Experiments Vugts

1.5 0.75 1.00

W ave Load Amplitude (-)

0.5 0.5 180

Frequency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)

Heave Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2

Sway REC TAN GLE B/d = 2 Ex periments Vugts

Wave Load Amplitude (-)

1.5 0.30 180

Wave Load Phase (deg)

F requency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)

Sway Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2

Roll RECTANGLE B/d = 2 Experim ents Vugts

0.20 0.40 180

Frequency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)

Roll Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 2

Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 4

H eave RECTANGLE B/d = 4 Experiments Vugts

2.5 0.75 1.00

W ave Load Amplitude (-)

1.5 0.5 180

Frequency (-) Frequency (-) Frequency (-)

Heave Phenomena of a Rectangular Cross Section, B/d = 4

Sway R ECT ANGLE B/d = 4 Ex periments Vugts

1.00 0.50 2.0

Wave Load Amplitude (-)

1.00 0.30 180

Wave Load Phase (deg)

Frequency (-) F requency (-) Frequency (-)