Research on the Ship Electric Propulsion System

Network Power Quality with Flywheel Energy

Storage

Chunling Xie Conghui Zhang,

College of Power and Energy Engineering College of Power and Energy Engineering
Harbin Engineering University Harbin Engineering University
Harbin, China Harbin, China
xiechunling@hrbeu.edu.cn zhangconghui@hrbeu.edu.cn

Abstract—Flywheel energy storage has been widely used to the generator speed changes littler and reduces the extent of the
improve the land-grid power quality. This paper has designed a voltage fall[2].
flywheel energy storage device to improve ship electric
propulsion system network power quality. The practical
II. THE GENERAL SCHEME OF SYSTEM
mathematical models of flywheel energy storage and ship electric
propulsion system have been established. Simulation research on The general scheme of system is shown in Fig. 1. LM2500
the effect of ship electric propulsion system power quality, made gas turbine is made in the General Electric Company. It is with
by flywheel energy storage, is completed by using the software the power of 20520 kW, main engine rotational speed of
Matlab/simulink. We have done a lot of simulation experiments 9159.7r/min, output rotational speed of 3600 r/min, fuel gas
on sudden load of ship integrated electric propulsion system, one initial temperature of 1399K, pressure ratio of 17.22.
system is with flywheel energy storage, another one is not with.
Comparing with these simulation results, we can see that the Generator is a four-pole synchronous generator. It is with
flywheel energy storage designed in this paper has improved ship the power of 22000 kW, rotational speed of 3600r/min,
electric propulsion system network power quality as well as voltage of 6.6 kV.
increases the reliability of the ship grid. The conclusions can
provide a theoretical basis for the design of flywheel energy Propulsion motor is asynchronous squirrel-cage induction
storage design applied in ship integrated electric propulsion motor. It is with the power of 20000 kW, rotational speed of
system. 180r/min, voltage of 6.0 kV.
Two 10MW of power converters convert the power on the
Keywords-component; Flywheel energy storage ; Ship electric bus to the required voltage and frequency to supply for the
propulsion; Simulation;
propulsion motors. The converter covers an area of about 10
square meters. Its height is 2.3 meters and weight is 9 tons.
I. INTRODUCTION
The material of rotor of the flywheel energy storage is cast
Ship integrated electric propulsion system realizes the iron. The rotor is with the weight of 9.5 tons, outside radius of
perfect integration of propulsion system and power system. It 0.76 meters, inside radius of 0.15meters. This flywheel energy
improves the efficiency of energy use and transformation, storage can store energy up to 80MJ.
besides, it increases the reliability of the ship grid and the
flexibility of operation of the ship. With these advantages, it When starting, the pulsed power of the high-power pulse
has become one of the development directions of the ship electrical equipment is up to 2MW. The pulsed power has a
propulsion system. The network of integrated electric strong impact on ship network power quality.
propulsion ship is finite grid, and the power reserve is limited.
Ship network is very different from land-grid. Because of ship
operates in a variety of operating conditions, and electricity
load operating conditions are very different, ship network
power quality changes frequently in a wide range and [1]. On
the electric propulsion ship, Modern high-power pulse
electrical equipments can cause voltage fall, this is a very
serious problem. To solve this problem, a reasonable solution
is to adopt energy storage technology. Main tasks of large-
capacity energy storage is to provide high-power pulse
electrical equipments with energy. The application of large
moment of Inertia flywheel in the degaussing ship shows that

978-1-4244-4813-5/10/$25.00 ©2010 IEEE

 software Matlab/simulink, we have done simulation
experiments in order to study the dynamic response of power,
voltage, current, frequency. The simulation time is 20 s, at 5 s,
we start high-power pulse electrical equipment. There are some
simulation experiment results shown in Fig.2-5.
0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
1- gas turbine 2-gear box 3-four-pole synchronous generator 4-high-

power
power pulse electrical equipment 5-power converter 6- asynchronous squirrel- 0.4
cage induction motor 7- propeller 8- clutch 9- flywheel energy storage 0.3

Fig.1 The general scheme of system 0.2

0.1

0
III. THE MATHEMATICAL MODLES OF SYSTEM 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time（s）
A. The mathematical modles of flywheel energy storage
(a) not with flywheel energy storage
When the speed of flywheel changes, the shaft power of
0.8
flywheel energy storage is according to Eq.1.
0.7
dω 0.6
P = −Jω (1)
dt 0.5

power
0.4
P is shaft power of flywheel energy storage, J is moment
0.3
of inertia and ω is the angular velocity of the flywheel.
0.2
Flywheel energy storage has the energy loss. It is necessary to
take into these losses into account when store and release of 0.1

energy. Energy losses are mainly the bearing friction loss and 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
air friction loss, which are according to Eq.2.
time（s）

⎧ r 2ω 2 (1 + δ ro )
2
⎫ (b) with flywheel energy storage
⎪ 2π ro h μ o ⎡ π 4 2 π 4 2 ⎤⎪
⎪ δ (1 + δ 2ro ) ⎢ 2 ro μω ro μω ⎥ ⎪
+ 2 (1 − ηb ) Fig. 2 The dynamic response of power
2
P=⎨ +⎢ ⎥⎬ (2)
⎪ λ ⎡δ 1 ⎤ ⎢ δ l (1 + 2 λ δ l ) δ r (1 + 2 λ δ r ) ⎥ ⎪
⎪ 1 + 2 δ ⎢ r + (1 + δ r ) ⎥ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥ ⎪ 1.2
⎩ ⎣⎢ o 0 ⎦⎥ ⎭
1.1
ro is outside radius of flywheel, h is thickness of
1
flywheel, μ is air friction factor, λ is molecular free path, δ 0.9
voltage

is the distance between the sidewall of flywheel and the shell, 0.8
δ l is the distance between the left side of flywheel and the 0.7

shell, δ r is the distance between the right side of flywheel and 0.6

the shell, ηb is friction factor of bearing. 0.5

0.4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
B. The mathematical modles of ship electric propulsion time（s）
system
(a) not with flywheel energy storage
A relatively complete mathematical model of electric
propulsion system has been established, including the prime 1.2

mover mathematical model, generators mathematical model, 1.1

converters mathematical model, propulsion motors 1

mathematical model, propellers mathematical model and high- 0.9
voltage

power pulse electrical equipment mathematical model[3]. 0.8

Based on the marine gas turbine, one improved nonlinear two
0.7
shaft turbine dynamic mathematical model has been
0.6
established, which was taking into account of capacity
inertial[4]. 0.5

0.4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
IV. SYSTEM SIMULATION RESULTS time（s）

We have established ship electric propulsion system and (b) with flywheel energy storage
flywheel energy storage simulation models by using the
Fig. 3 The dynamic response of voltage

Identify applicable sponsor/s here. (sponsors)

 0.8
1.4
0.7 1.3
0.6 1.2

0.5 1.1
current

frequency
1
0.4
0.9
0.3
0.8
0.2 0.7
0.1 0.6
0 0.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.4
time（s） 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time（s）
(a) not with flywheel energy storage
(b) with flywheel energy storage
0.8
Fig. 5 The dynamic response of voltage
0.7

0.6 Fig.2 shows the dynamic response of the output power

0.5 of Generator. Comparing fig.2(a) and fig.2(b), we can
current

0.4 conclude that the output power of Generator changes quickly

0.3 when we start high-power pulse electrical equipment if
0.2 flywheel energy storage is used. Fig.3 shows the dynamic
0.1 response of voltage. Comparing fig.3(a) and fig.3(b), we can
0
conclude that the magnitude of voltage change reduces when
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 flywheel energy storage is used. Fig.4 shows the dynamic
time（s）
response of frequency. Comparing fig.4(a) and fig.4(b), we
(b) with flywheel energy storage can conclude that the magnitude of frequency change reduces
Fig. 4 The dynamic response of voltage when flywheel energy storage is used.Fig.5 shows the
dynamic response of current. Comparing fig.5(a) and fig.5(b),
1.4
1.3
we can conclude that the magnitude of current change reduces
1.2
when flywheel energy storage is used.
1.1
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
frequency

1
0.9 Flywheel energy storage has been used for a long time. In
0.8 this paper ship electric propulsion system and flywheel energy
0.7 storage has been simulated. From the simulation experimental
0.6 results shown in Fig.2-5, we can see that generator outputs
0.5 power faster, the changes ranges of voltage, current, frequency
0.4 of ship network reduce. So, this flywheel energy storage
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
technology can be constructed for the applications of
time（s）
improving the ship electric propulsion system network power
(a) not with flywheel energy storage quality.

REFERENCES
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Electric Network Power Quality. Shanghai, Shanghai marinetime
university, 2007.
[2] Dongdong Ding, Fanming Zeng, Jiaming Wu, Guojun Chen, The
determination of optimum parameters of the main diesel generator
system on degaussing ship, SHIP SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
2004. 26(6)：21-24.
[3] Haibo Gao, Modeling and Simulation for Marine Electrical Propultion
System. Wuhan, Wuhan University of Technology. 2008.
[4] Shengwei Jia, Performance Simulation of Marine Biaxial Gas Turbine.
Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2006.