Name: ____________________________________ Date: ___________________

Group No. _______ Rating: ___________

EXERCISE NO. 1
MICROSCOPY

I. OBJECTIVES:

1. Review the proper use of a compound light microscope.

2. Diagram the path of light through a compound microscope.
3. Identify the use of the different kinds of microscopes.

II. MATERIALS:

Compound microscope
Immersion oil
Prepared slides of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

III. PROCEDURE:

1. Set the microscope and focus the prepared slides under SO, LPO, HPO, and OIO.
2. Take pictures of the specimens viewed.

IV. QUESTIONS:

1. Discuss the significance of microscopes in the study of microbiology.

2. Define (a.) resolution, and (b.) magnification.

3. Explain the use of oil immersion objective of the compound light microscope.
4. Illustrate the path of light through a compound microscope.
5. Describe the principle involved in the use of the following microscopes. Include the use or application of each and
provide a picture of a specimen viewed using such microscopes.

Microscope type Principle involved in its use Sample image Principal uses

Brightfield

Darkfield

Phase-contrast
Differential
interference
contrast

Fluorescence
Confocal

TEM

SEM
 Scanning
tunneling

Atomic force

V. REFERENCES:
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ___________________
Group No. _______ Rating: ___________

EXERCISE NO. 2
GLASSWARES, INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS USED IN MICROBIOLOGY

I. OBJECTIVES:

1. To identify the various glassware, instruments and equipments commonly employed in Microbiology.
2. To give the uses of each glassware, instrument and equipment.
3. To acquire the necessary skills in manipulating and operating the various instruments and equipments.

II. MATERIALS:

A. GLASSWARES
1. Test tubes: 10x75;13x100;16x150
2. Screw capped tubes
3. Centrifuge tubes
4. Fermentation tubes – Smith tubes; Durham tubes
5. Petri dishes – plain; with divisions
6. Flasks – Erlenmeyer; volumetric
7. Pipettes – serologic; volumetric
8. Beaker
9. Funnel
10. Watch glass
11. Graduated cylinder
12. Glass slides – plain; hanging drop

B. INSTRUMENTS
1. Inoculating instruments – inoculating loop; needle
2. Racks – staining; slant; test tube
3. Bunsen burner
4. Forceps

C. EQUIPMENTS
1. Water bath
2. Hot air sterilizer
3. Centrifuge
4. Autoclave
5. Weighing Balance
6. Hot plate
7. Incubator

III. PROCEDURE:

1. Familiarize yourself with the various glassware, instruments and equipments commonly used in microbiology.
Know their specific uses and applications.
IV. QUESTIONS:

1. What measures are considered to safeguard glasswares, instruments, and equipments in microbiology?
2. In a tabulated form, illustrate the different glassware and instruments commonly used in the laboratory.

Name of glassware Picture Use/s in microbiology

Test tubes:
10x75;13x100;16x150

Screw capped tubes

Centrifuge tubes

Fermentation tubes –
Smith tubes; Durham
tubes

Petri dishes – plain;

with divisions

Flasks – Erlenmeyer;
volumetric

Pipettes – serologic;
volumetric
Beaker

Funnel

Watch glass

Graduated cylinder

Glass slides – plain;

hanging drop
 Name of instrument Picture Use/s in microbiology

Inoculating
instruments –
inoculating loop;
needle

Racks – staining; slant;

test tube

Bunsen burner

Forceps

Name of equipment Picture Use and Operative principle

Water bath

Hot air sterilizer

 Centrifuge

Autoclave

Weighing Balance

Hot plate

Incubator

V. REFERENCES: