ProfitablePigeonBreeding 10253482

PA I R OF W H IT E K IN G S
PROFITABLE PIGEON BREEDING
A P R A C TI C A L M A N U AL E XPLAI N I N G
H O W T O B RE E D PI GE O N S S U C C E SS
FU LLY ,—W H E T H E R AS A H O BB Y O R
AS AN EXCLUSIVE B U SINESS
F . A RT HUR HAZ ARD

FO R M E R L Y MB E R O F ME
Di x i P ig
e A c i a ti n
eo n s so o .
Sou t h Ca l i a P lt y B d
ro n A c i a ti
ou r r ee ers sso on
B a d f Di c t A m i ca XV h t K i g A c i a ti
.
o r o re o rs , er n 1 e n ss o on
B a d f Di c t A m ca Sq ab B d A c i a t i
.
o r o re o rs , eri n u ree er s sso on .
F O RM E RLY
S c ta y A m i ca S h B d
e re r . er A c i at i
n q ua re e e rs s so on
P i d t S th C a l i a Pi g B d A m ti n
.
res en , ou ro n eo n r ee ers s so a o
l t Vic P id t A m i ca Sq b B d A c i a ti
.
s e- res en . er n ua r ee ers sso on

Ma a g i g O w H a z a d Sq ab C m p y G g t w S
.
n n n e r, r u o an , eo r e o n, .
AT PR E S E N T
S c t a y A m i ca K i g C l b
e re r , er n n u
M m b N a t i l Pi g A ci ti
.
e e r, o na eo n sso a on
M m b A m i ca Sq ab B d A ci a ti
.
e er , er n u re e ers s so on .
P U B L I SH ED B Y
Am e r ic a n P ig e o n Jo u rn a l C o m pa n y
P UB LIS H ERS OF S TA N D A RD PI G E O N B O O K S
W AR R E N T O N , MO .
, U . S . A .
1 922
C p y i ght 1 9 2 2
o r ,
B y F a k H H ll m a n n
r n . o .
Pu b lishers Not e
”
tak e at p l ea s u r e in pr esenti n g to t he p u b l i c P r ofitabl e

gre
P i geo n B r ee d i n g b y F A rt h u r H aza r d a b ook w h i c h w i l l app eal
, .
,
pa rti c u la r l y t t he b egi n n er It is a noth er o ne of o u r seri es of

o . .
s ta n dard pi ge o n t e xtbook s E x p eri en c ed br eed er s w i l l fin d i t

.
es p e c i al l y v al u abl e as a r e f er en c e book a n d m a n u al .
M r H aza r d is n ot o n l y a b r eed e r of p i geo ns b u t a r eco gn i z ed

. .
,
a u t ho r ity o n t he s u b j ect h av i n g h ad a l i f e—lo ng ex p eri en c e to

,
b ack u p h is stat ement s H e is w el l k n ow n t o t he p i geo n worl d

.
a s a practi cal w rit er h a v i ng co n tri b u t ed arti cl es for m a n y y ear s
to t he A m er i ca n P i geo n J o u rn al H e k no w s w h at a ff ect s profi t .
a nd l o s s k n o w s t he p ro b l em s of t h e b egi nn er a n d ex pl ai ns in
, ,
d etai l t he s u cc ess iv e st e p s t he b egi nn er m u st l earn in ord er to

b c o m e a s u cc ess f u l p i geo n breed er — w h eth er i t b e m erel y as a
e ,
ho b b v o r a s a n exc l u s i v e b u s i n ess .
N o ti m e or e x p e ns e has b een s pa red in m ak i ng t h i s book

as v a l u a b l e a p o ss i bl e al l t he i l l u st ra t i o n b ei n g fro m
s ,
s
a c t u al ph o to gra ph s wh i l e t he d ra w i ngs w ere p ec i al l y m ad e es .
b y M r H az a rd h i m se l f
. Th pl a ns a nd p eci fica t i o ns for t h e
. e s
c n t u ct i n f pi ge n h o u s s a nd fl y p e ns w i l l prov e o f gre at
o s r o o o e
val u t t h s w ho co nt em pl a te b u i ld i ng a pi geo n pl a n t or
e o o e
,
e n l a rgi n g t h i p res e nt p l a nt
e r .
Th b e k h a s b e n d i v i d d i n t o f o rt y c h a pt rs t h u m ak i n g
oo e e e , s
i t no t nl y w l l u i t ed f r t ext b o k u s e in a gri c u lt u ral col

o e s o o
l ges po u l t ry ext e ns i o n c o u rs e boy s a nd gi rl s c l u b w o rk

e , s,
' ’
c r s p m l nce c u rs es
or e o e b u t al s o c n v n i e n t f r h o m e st u d y
o ,
o e o .
AM ER IC AN P IG E O N J O U R NA L C O M PA N Y .
F A R T H U R H A Z A RD
.
FO REWO RD
Ye ars ago w h en the wri t er w as b u t a sm al l boy m y fat h er ,
ow ned an d br ed E n gl i s h P o u t er s and Fa n ta il P i geo ns N ot .
o n l y w as he fo n d of th em bu t I w a s pro u d of t h em T h e lo ft
, .
i n Wh i c h th es e b i rd s w er e k ept h as lo n g s i n c e b een tor n down
b u t t h e m em ory of i t sti l l l i n ger s in m y m i n d It w as t h en .
th at m y lov e for pi geo n s w as k i n dl ed o n l y to grow s tro n ger ,
a nd d eep er as t h e y ears h aVe pa ss ed T h ese y ears h av e bro u g h t

.
w i d e r ex p eri en c es to m e a n d b y th es e h ard ear n ed e x p e ri en c es

,
h av e I b een abl e to pr esen t th i s book to yo u in its pr esen t form .
T ho u gh I fir s t k new t h e Fa ncy b r eed s my work w it h p ig eo ns

h as d r i ft ed to t h e U t i l i ty yet I ad m i r e practi cal l y ev ery o n e of
,
t he Fa n c y b r eed H a v i n g h ad lo n g ex p eri en c e w i t h th e u t il i t y
s .
br eed s an d f eel i n g th at t h er e is n eed for a n ot h er work on th e

s u b j e ct of p i ge o n br eed i n g I h av e b een pro m pt e d to w r i t e t h i s
book No m an k no w s al l abo u t t h i s su bj ect an d I s i n c er el y

. .
tr u s t th at in r ead i n g th ese c h apt ers yo u w i l l not f eel t h at I

h av e p l ac e d m y k n o w l ed ge a b ov e th at of al l o t h er w rit ers I .
h av e o n l y e nd ea v or ed to p resen t t h e s u bj ect as c aref u l l y a n d

c o nc i sel y as po ss i bl e an d I earn es tl y h op e t h at w h at i co n s
t a in d h e r e i n w i l l acco m p l i s h t he p u rp o s e for w h i ch i t w as
e
i n t end ed na m el y : a t ext b ook fo r t he n ov i c e an d a h a n d book

,
f r t he e x p er i en c ed b r eed er
o Th i s b e i ng do ne I w i l l f e l gr eatl y
. e
re w a rd e d fo r m y w r k f r t h e w r i ti n g of thi s b ok h a s b een
o ,
o o
a pl ea s u r e i n d e ed .
I n t h e b re e d a rt i c l es t he a u th r h a s t r i e d t o b e fai r an d n ot
o
s e t a n y o ne b r ee d u p o n a p i nn ac l e a n d p r ai s e i t w h i l e t r a m p l i ng
d o w n t he o t h ers E ac h b r ed has its fa u l t s a s w e l l as its good

. e
q u al i ti s 1 ha v t r i ed to s h o w b o t h a I see t h em I f an y
e . e . s .
o n e b r ee d w e e v as tl y s u p r i o r t o a l l o t h e rs I am i n c l i n e d to
r e
th i nk we w u l d al l w a n t t k ee p th at b reed b u t d i ff re n c e of
o o ,
e .
o pi n i o n h o l d i ng s w ay as i t al w a ys d s m ak es u s d if f e r a n d
,
oe ,
g i v s ea c h b r ee d a c h a n c e
e .
T he la s t pa rt o f t he b k h a s b e e n gi v e n o v e r t t h e
oo o
8 FO R EW O R D
p u bl i cati o n of d es cri ptiv e sta ndard s an d il l u strat io ns of sev eral

of t he m ore pro m i n en t o f t h e Fa n cy br eed s T h i s h as b een .
pri m ari ly to s h ow o ff th es e gra n d b i rd s an d to en d eavor to

i n t er est m or e br eed ers in k eep i ng a few fan cy b i rd s T h e m or e .
good f el l o w s h i p w e can cr e at e b e t w een t h e lov er s of t h e

u ti l i t y an d of t h e fa n c y t h e gr eat er is o u r ch a n c e an d at l east ,
t h e hop e o f t h e w rit er to bri n g m o r e b i r d s to Ou r l e adi n g s h o w s ,
an d m ak e th es e s h o w s w i d er in s cop e an d n ot m er e l y h av e
t h em favori n g for t h e great er part e i th er t he fa n cy or t h

, ,
e
u ti l i t y .
To th o se w h o h av e so k i n d l y gi v en u s th e p i ct u res u sed in
m ak i ng t h e i ll u st r at i o n s in t h i s book I w i s h to ex pr es s m y ,
s i n c er es t th a n k s M ay I n ot m en t io n t h e n a m es o f t h e foll o w i ng: ‘
E gu A lt p t
ene Mi l w a k W i J a m R S M ay K xv i ll T n
e er , u ee , s . es . .
, no e, e n .
H W B a tt O akla d C al i f
. . B A M it c h ll O c O
rn e , n . . . e , r en o, re.
H B B h Phi lad lp hi a P a D J O g i l i v O c a i d L I N Y
,
. . e r en s , e , . . . e, e ns e, . .
, . .
Ala G C y H ay w a d C al i f
n . O ca
urr W Op , N w R c h ll r . . s r . s an n , e o e e.
F a i v i w Pi g
r L ft T t
e eo n o s, r en on,
J ack M P St ck t C al i f . u n, o o n, .
E gg Ha b Cit y N J N d R d P x i c M r or , . . e ee , u o, o .
A J G i S c h c t ad y N Y
. . es. F A R m m l l B al ti m
en e Md , . . . . o e o r e, .
th al B
,
W T H lm E l R
. . O x a d C al i f
e R, St L i M
io , n r . . o s en ro s , . ou s, o .
F a k H H l l m a VV
r n t. M E d ga
o S a tt th w a it St a t D l
n, ar ren o n, o . r er e. n o n. e .
C R K i g H ay w a d C al i f
. . n L N S m ith M i ap l i Mi
, r , . . . , n ne o s, nn .
E dw i W K wl n B al ti m M d E H T i l L a ca t Pa
. no es , o re, . . . r s s er. n s er , .
0 B Li db g L A g l C al H a y C W b H a g t w M d '
. . n er , os n e es , . rr . e er , er s o n. .
L g w d Sq ab F a m
on oo P a l \V y E l m h t C al i f
u r u e er, urs , .
L g w d F la WV h l Ka a Ci t y M
,
S on oo , . e an o n, ns s , o .
M a i M a ti E l Pa T xa
r on Wi l
r Pi g F a m \Vi l
n, K s o, e s .
‘
son eo n r , s on, an .
i nd eed grati fy i n g t o k n o w th e t r u e s pi ri t o f co op erati o n

It is -
th at ex i t s a mo ng t he p i geo n b r ed ers o f t h i s co u n t ry and gr eat

s e
c red i t is d u t th o s e w ho w ent t o so m u c h t ro u bl e to a ss i st t he
e o
a u tho r fo r th y h a v m a n i f es t ed a s pi r i t w h i c h i f i t is s h o w n
e e ,
in o th e r b ra n c h s o f o u r f r at er n i ty is bo u n d to b r i n g t h e pi geo n
e ,
i nd u t ry u p t a h i g h r pl a n a nd m ak e i t e v e n m re att ra ct i v e
s o e e
. o
t t he no v ic
o e .
F A R T H U R H AZ A R D . .
A u gu s ta G eo rgi a , .
A u gu s t 1 1 9 22 , .
~
N o mm c m run r °
C HA Q T
( AWl K m c o c k UJ ¢ JA3 AMO JG I)
a
L l
G lossary of Breed ing Terms
B E AK—T h c m b i a ti
e o f th pp
n d l w
on m a d i bl
o e u er an o er n e.
BR E E D—A d i ti n c t ac f p i g
s r e o e o ns .
BR E E D E R—A p wh b d p ig
erso n o ree s eons .
C E R E —T h fl h y c i cl a
e es d a p ig r ye r ou n eo n s
’
e e .
C O V E R T S— T h l eh t f a th
es ser c v i g t h pp p ti
or s or e er s o er n e u er or on
o f th p i ma i
e r d c da i
r es f than wi g se on r es o e n .
C O W HO O K S
- L g b t t m ch at ke s en oo u n ee s .
D O W N F A C E —T h fac p l l d d w e d b ck e t plac t h b a k
u e o n an a so as o e e e
al m t a ga i t pp th a t f a th
os ns u er ro e ers .
FLI G H T S — P i c i pal f a th
r n f wi g th e t id d g th
er s o n or os e on ou s e e e, o er
wi k w
se no p ima i n as r r es .
H O G B A C K— R d h ld d ou n s ou er e .
l< E E L — Th c ti a t i
e on f th b a tb
nu d b dy f b i d
on o e re s o ne un er o o r .
K N O C K K N lCl Cl ) —K b t i wa d t wa d
ne e s h th en n r s o r ea c o e r.
10 G L O S S A RY OF BRE E DI N G T E RMS
M AN DIBLE — O h alf f b ak t h b ak b i g m ad p f p p
ne o e , e e e n e u o u er
an d l w o m a d ibl
er n es.
PI N CH E D B A C K— S m al l a w back n r ro .
PI N CH E D H E A D —N a w h ad r ro e .
PRIM A RI E S — S fl i ght ee s.
1 LO A CH B A C K— H m p b ack u on .
B U MP— T h a t p ti f back i m m d i a t l y
or on ov v t e e o er en .
S E C O N D A RI E S— T h l f th l g t w i g f a th
e es se r tho e on es n e er s or os
ne a t t h b dy w h w i g i l i ght l y t t t c h d
r es e o en n s s ou s re e .
S PLI T TA I L—Ta i l f a th pa a t d a pa t b i g ca i d t ith

e e rs se r e , r e n rr e o e er
s ide .
S TA N D A RD BR E D— Pi g th a t b d t a c gn iz d t a da d
eons are re o re o e s n r .
SM U T— D a k la t y c l d f a th
r , s i d c l
o ore e er s n un er o or
SQ U A B — A y g p i g ou ntha t h n t ach d it fif th w k f g
eon as o re e s ee o a e.
U N D E R C O L O R— T h c l f f a th ej t d tho or ofac f t h e er s us un er e sur e o e
Pl m ag
u e .
XV A T T L E — T h fl hy b ta c e es th b ak f a p i g
su s n e on e e o eo n .
XV I N G B U TT — T h f t c v d p ti e ronf w i g w h n f ld d
ur e or on o n e o e .
TABLE O F C O NTENTS
C H AP T E R I
THE S TA R T
Adv i c t t h N vi c —Fitti
e o e o e ng up a T e m p a y H
or r o me f or t he
B i d —N d d Acc
r s i ee e e s s o r es .
C H AP T ER II
S E L E C T I N G T H E BR E E D
Th e L ad i g C m m c i al Sq ab P d c i
e n o er
'
u ro u ng Pi g eons — Ad v i c e
A ga i t U i g t h C mm n Pi g
ns s n e o o e o n.
C H AP T ER I I I .
L A YI N G H AT CHI N G
AN D
T h C ck D i v
e th oH —O E gg Ha t ch
r B f t h O th
es e en ne es e o re e er
Ch a g i g Sq ab f m O N t t A th —T h G w th f
n n u s ro ne es o no er e ro o
Sq ab — Sq b F d by Pa t —T h M t P fi t abl B i d
u s ua s e ren s e os ro e r s
to O wn .
C H AP T ER IV
F E E DI N G
S p c i al A tt ti t F d i g—G a i E a t b y Pi g
e en o n o —F d ee n r ns en eons ee
i g Q al i ti
n f Va i
u G ai
es —Ad v i c t t h B g i
o r ous t r ns e o e e n ne r o
B yu M a fac t d F d —N a m
nu f L ad i g B a d
u re f
ee s es o e n r n s o
Pi g o F d —A yl i f F d t ff — Tabl Sh w i g C m p
e n ee s na s s o ee s u s e o n o o
s it i n of F d t ff — T h
o F d F m la w ith D c i p t i
ee s u s r ee ee or u e es r on
Sh w i g H w T h y A
o n o O t — Ch a g i g F a t
e t N it
re u n n s o ro
g en F E x t ac t — H al th G it — H al th G i t F m la
re e r s e r s e r or u .
12 TA BLE OF CO N TE N T S
C H APT E R V
H O U SI N G
No N ee a m n t a l L f t — D c i p ti n f Ma t i al t
d of O rn e o s es r o o er s o
b Ue d— F ly P n —T h O p n F t H
se e s — Bi ll f Ma t i al
e e ro n ou s e o er
f orth Op e F nt H en — T w P n Pi g n H
ro nd F l y
o u se o- e eo ou s e a
i al — T h P n Pi g
,
w ith B i l l f Mat o erH w it h B i ll fr e e- e e on ou se o
M a t i al— I n d i v i d al R n t B d i g P n w it h Bi l l f M
er u u r ee n e o a
t i l—M
er a it Ty p Sq ab H on or w it h B i l l f M a t i al — T h
e u ou s e o er e
S qu ab D i g P la n t w ith B i l l f M a t i al— L ay t f P la n t
r es s n o er ou o a
t Acc m m dat 1 000 P a i
o o o f Pi g e rs o e on s .
C H AP T E R VI I
W AT E RI N G SYS T E MS
F o u l e d W a t er—D r i n k i n g F t a i — B a t h i g P a n — C n t i nu
ou n ns n s o ou s
Fl ow Sy t s e ms —E xpla na t i n f C ti Fl w S y t m
o o on nu ous o s e .
C HAP T E R V II
S b j c t W th y
u e or of M ch C
u ons i d at i
er on — T wo M th d
e o s, N a t al ur
and F c d or e .
C HAP T ER VI I I
B A N DI N G
Typ f L g B and
es o e s — R c di
e or ng Ba d n N um b er s — S eam l ess
B a nd — O p n B and
s e s.
C H APT E R I X
SY S TE M AT IC A CC U R AT E R E C O RD K E E PI N G
AN D
Sh w i g p P fi t M ak
o n ud D — R c d Sh t — R c d
ro er s a n ro n e s e or ee s e or
of Ev y P a i w i l l b W a t d— R c d V al abl i n Sh w i ng
er r e n e e or s u e o
R l t f M a ti n g—E x hi b iti R c d
es u s o on e or s .
C HAP T ER X
MO U L T I N G
E xp l a n a ti n f t he M l t— S pa a ti n f M al
o o nd F ou e r o o es a e m al es
D i g t h M l t— C a D i g t h M l ti g P i d
ur n e ou re ur n e ou n er o .
T E R XI C HAP
PRI N CI P L E S A N D PR A C T IC E S O F PI G E O N BR E E DI N G
l ’
i i pl
r nc Va i a ti — A t av i m — C t a m i a ti
es r onP p t cy s o n n on re o en
Li k B g t Li k — P ac ti c — Vi g — B i ld i g p a St a i
e e e s e r es or u n u r n
I b d i g— Li B d i ng— Li B d i g Ch a t—D c i p ti
n re e n ne r ee ne r ee n r es r on
of Li B d i g Ch a t— Li B d i g
ne r ee n Aff c ti ng S q ab
r ne r ee n as e u
P d c i ng B i d —O t c
ro u i ng r s u -
ro s s .
TA BLE CON TE N T S
’
OF 13
C H AP T ER XI I
F E E D E RS
SE L F -
Adva t a g n es of S lf F d
e -
ee er s — D i adva n t a g
s es of O p en T r o u gh
F di g
ee n .
C HAP T E R XII I
C A RI N G F O R T H E L O F T S
C l an l i
e — VV h it w h in g
n es s nd S p ay i n g— R p a i i
e as a r e r ng L ft o s
R lt f
es u 1 11 K p t L f t
s o an e o .
C H AP T E R XI V
H OW T O T E LL S E X OF PI G E O N S
C mm n R l f
o o u es or S am e.
C H AP T ER X V
C U LLI N G
B gi
D e fi n it io n — e nn er s T oo Anx i t B i ld p a L a g F l ck
ous o u u r e o
to R al iz Ad va t a g
e e n es f C ll i n g— C ll i n g Sh
o u ld b C a f l l y
u ou e re u
St d i d—N p d c i
u e on- ro u n g Bi d Sh ld b C l l d
r s ou e u e .
C H AP T ER XVI
WH Y SO ME E GG S DO NOT H AT CH
Di t b is ur ng E g gs —N o n -
f ti l it y—A i S lak d Li m —I m p p
er r e a ro er
F d i ngee .
X VI I C H AP T E R
PI G E O N DIS E A S E S A N D T H E I R R E M E DI E S
S y m p t m f nd R m d i f C a n k G i ng Li ght S
o s o a e e es or er , o , ou r
C p C ld R p L
ro , o B w l F a th R t W i ng L m p
s, ou . oose o e s, e er o , u s,
M d B all
u s.
C HAP T E R X V I I I
PR E PA RI N G S Q U A BS F O R M A R KE T
Tw Ma k t P i va t T ad
o r d
e s,C m m i i n M c h a nt
r e r e an o ss o er
G a th i g Sq ab —K i ll i g S q ab — P l ck i n g d W a hi ng
er n u s n u s u an s
S h ipp i ng .
C H A PT E R XIX
N E S T I N G E Q U IPM E N T .
O ang r C a t — S i ng l N t S y t m —D b l N t S y t m
e r es e es s e s ou e es s e s
N t B ow l
es s.
C H AP T ER X X
NE S T I N G M AT E RI A LS
N es ti g M a t i al C t a i
n er on n e r s— St aw — T bacc
r o o S t em s w
P in e
N ee dl —N c it y f N ti
es e es s o es ng M a t i al
er s.
C H AP T E R XX I
S E LLI N G SQ U A B BR E E DI N G S T O C K
R a i i g B d i g St ck P l a
s n ree — P v i g th a t Y
n g Bi do t
a e su r e ro n oun r s
ar e M a t d B f S ll i g T h m —P p Adv ti i g M d i m
e e or e e n e ro er er s n e u s
P lac i n g P p P i c B d i g Bi d — P p l y P pa d
ro er r es on re e n r s ro er re re
f orS h ipm t — K w i g H w t S l c t Sq ab t b R a i d
en m
no n o o e e u s o e se
Adv ti i g G a i d f m E x hi b iti g— G i v i g C t m
er s n ne a ro n n us o e rs
Litt l M e th a T h y E xp c t
or e n e e .
C HAP T E R X XI I
SHIPPI N G BR E E DI N G S T O C K .
C d Maru e f Shi pp i g — N a t C
nne r o p N d d— Shi pp i g E ac h n e oo s ee e n
M a t d P a i i a S pa a t C m pa t m t— P v i d g F d — B i l l
e r n e r e o r en ro in ee
f M at
o i al f Shi pp i g C p
er or n oo s .
T E R X XI I I C H AP
W O R K I N G U P A PRIV AT E SQ U A B T R A D E
Cat i g t S mm
er n d Wi t
o R u t H t l — R ta a t
er an n er eso r o e s es ur n s
and C mm c i al H t l — P i va t F a m i l i — M ak i g p N a t
o er o e s r e es n u e
P acka g es.
C H AP T E R XX I V
FI N A N CI A L R E C O RDS
Fi a c i al R c d M t b K p t— M th l y
n n e or s us e e on a nd Y a l y St a t
e r e
m n t —A
e ts d Li ab i l iti
sse s —C a h B k an es s oo , D ay B k d
oo an
L d g w ith S a m pl E t i
e er e n r es .
T XX V C HAP E R
SHA LL I E X HIBI T A N D W H E R E !
Th Sh w t h B t P lac t L a Q al it y f B i d — A d
e o s e es e o e rn u o r s v er
ti m t t b Gai
se en d by E x hi b iti g—A tt d i g Sh w P
o e ne n en n o s e rs o n
al ly— S i n g t h J d g a t W k—Sh w B u i ld i ng u p P i g
ee e u es or o s eo n
I nd u t y—S l c ti ng a P lac t E x hi b it
s r e e e o .
TA BLE OF CO N TE N T S 15
C HAP T E R XX V I
R O DE N T S AN D T HI E V E S
C mm
o on E ne mi f th
es . o e Pi g eo n B r ee d er and H ow to G et
R id of Th e m .
X XV I I C H AP T E R
T H E A DV A N TA G E O F A S TA N D A RD .
St a da d W itt w ith a D fi it A im i Vi w — R l t
n r s r en e n e n e esu s of
I g i g St a da d— L a i g d I t p ti g St a da d
no r n n r e rn n an n er re n n r s a nd
It sR w a d— Adva a g f B d i g Bi d t a St a da d
e r nt e o r ee n r s o n r
St a da d a G i d f t h B g i
n r d Al th B d
u e or e e n ne r an so e r ee er .
C H AP T ER X XV I I I
D c i p ti
es r f th B on o e r ee d—T h B e ree d ha s S ff
u ere d f or L ack
of a S p c i al t y C l b e u .
C HA P T E R XX I X
W h i te Ki n gs D c i p ti
es r on a i i
nd O r g n— E xc l l t Sq ab P
e en u ro
E x hi b iti Bi d — S i l v Ki g D c i p ti
,
d u ce rs — I d ca l on r s er n s, es r on
a nd Or g n i i .
C H AP T E R XX X
CA RN E A U X
O i g i —M c h C
r n d it u re D ue S p c i al t y C l b F t i g T hi
to e u s os er n s
B d — P i c i pal l y a
re e r n U ti l it y B d —E xhi b iti n B i d S c d
re e o r e on
to N — D c i p ti
o ne es r on o f th e Di ff t Va i t i
e re n r e es .
C H APT ER XXX I
Da wi r H t —P babl O i g i —N m V
n o n un s ro e r n a e er y I app p i a t
n ro r e
—R t S m t i m
un s B d i I d i v i d al P
o e es re n n u e ns — Ch a g f n e or
B tte Typ — R t t a S l w B d — D
er in e un no o re e er es c i p ti
r f th on o e
Di ff t V i ti
e re n ar e es.
C IIAPT E R XXXI I
H UN G A RIAN S
A S pl d i d B d —G n O igi f th H re e re e n o n r n o e u ng a i —B i d f
r an r o
B a ti f l Li —C l C t t G a t— VV l l
e
ne s o or on ra s re e S it d t C m
u e o o
—
e u u
m ci l
er S q ab aP d c ti n D c i p ti n f
u ro u o es r o o th Di ff n t
e e re
V a i ti r e es .
C H AP T E R XXX I I I
WH I T E S W IS S M O N D A I N E S
N a ti v f S w itz
es o la d — I d al Sq ab P d cer n e u ro u er and an E xc l l te en .
E x hi b iti Bi d— D c i p ti
on f th B d
r es r on o e r ee .
C H AP T E R X XXI V
A M t I d i v i d al B d— I t M ak p W l l S it d t Sq a b
os n u r ee s e- u e u e o u
P d c ti — P i c i pal l y
ro u on E x hi b iti n Bi d — D
r n c i p ti an f o r es r on o
th e B d d V a i ti
r ee an r e es .
C H AP T E R XX X V
SQ U A B M A R K E T S
T h C mm i
e o i M cha t s s ond Th i T i al —E xc ll n t L tt
er n s an e r r s e e e er s
f m F
ro f Am
ou r i ca L ad i g d L a g t Sq ab R c i v
o er
'
s e n an r es u e e er s .
C HAP T ER XX X V I
SPE CI A L T Y CL U BS .
Gro w th f Cl b o R t a d d by I d i ff
u s c f B d —P a
e r e n e r en e o ree ers r e
ti cal W th f C l b — C d iti
or o U d W hi c h S p c i al t y C l b
u s on ons n er e u s
L ab —D t y f t h B d
or u to S pp t T h e Cl b re e er s o u or es e u s.
C H AP T E R XX X V I I
R A I SI N G Y O U N G S T E RS .
V y C f A tt ti M t b G v
er are u l en Sq ab W a n l by
on us e. i en -
u s e e
P a t —T a f d t t h R a i g L f t— P p F d i g
re n s r ns erre o e e r n o ro er ee n
F h W at
r es t —W k i g w ith t h Y n g t —T a i n i g
er , e c or n e ou s er s r n
T h m f t h Sh w R m — C a t h Y g t G t i B n d
e or e o oo re e ou n s er s e s ou
t
o R fl ct
e e .
C H AP T E R X XX V I I I
H E LPF U L HI N T S
Fi f t y P ac ti cal a d P ti t P i t
r n n Pi g B d i ng
er n en o n er s o eo n ree .
C HAP T E R XXX I X
FA N CY BR E E DS
D c i p ti
es r f T i ppl
on P t
o Pi g m y P t ers, D ag ou e rs , ou e rs , r oons ,
O i
r en t al F i ll T b it E g l i h C a i
r s, ur B a b O w l M ag p i
s, n s r r ers , r s, s, es ,
T m bl
u e rsd H lm t an e e s .
C H AP TER XL
C O MM O N PI G E O N S
Wh y C mm n P i g o o eo ns A r e N o t P ro fi t ab l e.
8 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BR E E DI N G
him . ord er to m ak e m o n e y o u t of t he sq u ab b u s i n ess on e

In
m u s t app l y s o u n d b u s i n ess m ethod s to i t L ack of s y st em an d .
poo r b u s i n ess j u d gm en t w i l l b e co n d u c i v e o n l y Of ru i n as in
a n y oth er l i n e of en d e avor .
I n m ak i n g a s tart w e w i s h to adv i s e al l b egi nn er s to act

w i sel y in t h e p u rch a se of th e i r fo u n dati o n s tock no m att er w h at
t h e br ee d m i gh t b e n o r w h at t h e v ari ety D o n ot try to get .
som eth ing f o r n o t h i n g for a ca s e e t t h is k i n d is u su al l y t h e

.
- -
fo r eru nn er of bi tt er d i s ap p o i n tm ent i f n o t o f co m p l et e fai l u re .
D ec i d e u po n w h at b r eed yo u w i s h to m ak e a s tar t w it h an d
th en p u rc h a se a few pai r s of h i gh grad e b i rd s fro m a r el iab l e
b reed er D o n ot p u r c h a se yo u r fo u n dat i o n stock fro m an y
.
i nd i v i d u al o r co n c ern p r i n ti ng wo n d erf u l stori es abo u t th ei r

extra grad e s tock T h e h o n es t a n d r el iab l e br eed er do es n o t
.
h av e to pri n t s u ch stori es in ord er to di s po s e of his b i rd s B e .
car ef u l n o t to b u y f r o m a d eal er b u t rat h er fro m a breed e

w ho rai ses al l t he b i r d s h e o ff er s for s al e I t h e b e h o n est h e
.
w i l l n o do u bt b e w i l l i ng to gi v e yo u a l i b eral gu ara nt ee D o
, , .
n o t p u rc h a s e m a n y b i r d s at t h e start b u t b e co n t en t w it h a few
.
It is far m or e to yo u r adva n ta ge to p u rc h a se t h r ee pai rs of

b i rd s at fi v e dol l ars per pai r th a n fi ft een pai rs at one dol lar
per pai r ev e n th o u gh t h e am o u n t i n v es t ed is t h e s a m e Good .
b r eed i ng stock l i k e go o d m ach i n ery c a n n ot b e p u rc h a sed

, ,
c h eapl y R em em b er th at you ar e l ay i ng a fo u n dati o n u po n

.
w h ic h a f u t u r e is to b e b u i l t a n d t h e m o r e s ol i d th e fo u n dati o n
t he m o r e sec u r e t h e f u t u r e w i l l b e No wi se m a n u fact u r er w i l l
.
eq u i p h is fact o r y w i th ol d w r n o u t m ach i n ery b eca u s e h e

o -
real i z s th a t h e ca n n o t p ro d u c e effic i en tl y w i t h su c h eq u i p m en t
e .
So wi th a s q u a b pl a n t t h e p i geo n a r e t h e m ach i n ery

,
s .
Y o u h av e a r i gh t t o get w h at yo u pay for a nd i t is to yo u r

i nt eres t t o i ns i s t o n getti ng so u n d h ealt h y br eed i n g bi rd s T h e .
bi rd s w i th w h i c h y u m ak y u r start s ho u ld b e n ot l ess t h a n
o e o
o ne y a r e ld a n d n t m re th a n t h ree y e ar s o f age
o o o T h ese .
hird s s h n ld c m e t
o o y o u pr o p r l y m at e d a n d ha n d ed s o th at
o e
j'
yo u ca n d i s ti ngu i s h t h e m at ed p ai rs by l ooki ng at t he leg ba n d s .
A p r et ent i o u s h o me is not n eed ed for br eed ing sq u ab s Any .

T HE S TA R T 19
o u th o u se th at can b e m ad e dam p proof and w i n d proof w i ll

s erv e th e p u rpo se in a v ery s ati s factory m a n n er for a wh i l e .
Th e floor o f th i s h o u se s h o u l d b e l i ft e d o ff t h e gro u n d a t l ea st
o n e foot an d s h o u l d b e so co n s tr u ct e d as to p erm i t a fr ee c i r en
lati o n of ai r b en eat h t h e floor at al l t i m es A ll crack s in t he

.
w a lls a n d roof s h o u l d b e ste pped u p so a s to k eep ou t t he w i n d

a n d rai n . T h i s can b e ea s i l y do n e b y cov eri n g s i d es an d roo f
o f t h e ho u s e w i th a m ed i u m grad e o f roofi n g pap e r . A w i n dow
s h o u l d b e prov i d e d so t h at t h e b i r d s m a y get o u t i n to t h e fl v
pen . T h i s fly pen w h i c h w i l l b e h er eaft er call ed t he fl y is

, ,
n oth i n g m or e or l es s t h a n a l ar ge w i r e c ag e w i t h a fra m e w ork
o f two i n c h b y fo u r i n c h t i mb ers cov ered w i t h on e or two i n c h

m esh po u l t r y w i r e Th e fl y t h at h as prov en m o st sat i sfactory
.
to t he w ri t er is o ne t en f eet lo ng e i gh t f eet w i d e and s ix f eet

,
s ix i n c h es tal l,
t h o u gh ow i ng to t h e d i ff er ent d es i gn s o f p i g eo n
,
ho u s es th ey s o meti m es h av e to b e m ad e a tri fl e h i gh er an d
w i d er b u t w e w o u l d r eco m m en d that th e fl y n ev er b e m ad e .
ov er ei gh t f eet h i gh as t he b u i l d er w i l l w a st e m at eri a l and w i l l

alway s b e at a di sadva n t a ge in th at h e w i l l h av e a h ard ti me
catc h i ng his b i rd s w h en he w a nt s to do so A ro u n d th e s id es
.
o f th i s fl y is pl ac e d a o n e i n c h b y s ix i n c h board k now n as a
ru nn i n g bo a rd T h i s b o ard is s et o u t a b o u t s ix i nch es fro m t he
.
“
w i re s o th a t w h en t h e b i r d s t u r n a ro u n d o n i t t h e y w i l l n ot
b r eak t h ei r tai l f eat h ers in th e w ire It serv es as a p l ac e wh er e
.
t h e b i rd s can s u n th ems e l v es an d r es t w h en o ff d u ty .
I n t h e fl v w e s h o u l d p ro v i d e s m e k i n d o f r ec e pta cl e for
o
wat eri n g t h e bi rd s I f r u nn i ng w at er is no t to b e u s ed a one

.
gal lo n dri n k i n g fo u n tai n sh o u l d b e pl ac e d in eac h p e or fl y

r: .
T h es e can b e b u gh t at a l mo st a n y seed store or po u l t ry su p

o
pl y h o u s e .
A b a th pa n s ho u l d al so b e p ro v i d ed for p i geo n s a re extr em e l y

,
fo nd o f bat h i ng in w at er a nd i t is v ery b en efi c i al to t h em A .
l arge d i s h pa n is j u st the v ery t h i ng for th i s p u rpo s e a nd c h eap

o nes m ay b e h ad a t t h e t en c e n t s to r es .
In t he h o u s e or l e ft w e s h o u l d prov i d e n es t s . Fo r t he b e
gi nner t h ese can b e ora ng e c rat es la id o n t h eir sid es in t ier s
, , .
20 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
Eac h cr at e s ho u l d h av e a t h r ee i n c h s tr ip n a il ed a cx oss t h e
'
fro n t at th e botto m T h i s s trip is n eed ed to k eep t h e nes t in g

.
m at er ial in p l ac e an d to al s o k eep t h e s q u a b s fro m fa l l ing ou t

of t he n est s Two n est s or o n e crat e sh o u l d b e p rov id ed for
.
e ac h p ai r of b i rd s to b e k e pt A few extra n es t s w il l n o t b e ou t
-
of p l ac e in th e l e ft .
A l u m p of rock s al t su c h as is pu t in h or ses m a n g er s s ho u ld
’
b e p l ac e d o n t h e gro u n d of t h e fly P i g eo n s n eed s al t j u s t as
.
do h um a n b e i ngs and i t s h o u l d b e fed to t h em in t h is m a n ner .
N ev er u n d er a ny co n d i t i o n s f eed l oo se tabl e s al t as t he b ird s

, ,
w il l eat t oo m u c h of i t at o n e ti m e an d d ie as a r esu l t "T h ey

, .
w il l p eck at t he rock s al t from ti m e to t i m e an d d eriv e a gr eat

d eal of b enefi t from i t .
In t h e s q u ab h o u s e s ho u l d b e pl ac ed a crat e of so m e k in d
p ref erabl y a strawb erry crat e I n t h i s is k ept h ay straw
.
, ,
tobacco s t ems or p ine n eedl es T h ese are t h e m at er ia ls w h ic h

.
are m o s t co mm o n l y u s ed by p i geo n s in b u i l d i n g t h eir n est s .
T h is m at erial s h o ul d b e on h a n d at al l t i m es .
A f eed box o f s o m e k i n d sh o u ld b e prov i d ed an d the b ird s

fed o n l y fro m t h is box N ev er th row gra in on t h e gro u n d
. .
S ev eral d i ff er en t typ es of f eed er s ar e s how n el sew h er e on t h e

p ag es of t h is book and t he b egi nner sh o u l d h av e o ne of t h em
m ad e for his u se rath er th a n tak e an y c h a n c es in f eed in g in
ot h er wa y s .
H av i n g gott en ev eryth i n g in r e adi n ess and the b ird s in t h eir

n ew q u art er s go in to t h e loft an d r em ai n q u i etl y for a few
m i nu t es eac h day T h e b i rd s at fi rst w i l l fl y abo u t in exc it e

. . .
m ent b u t as t h ey b egi n to k n ow you th ey w i l l tak e yo u r v isit s

a s a m att er o f fac t a n d no t b e afrai d o f yo u Tam e th em as
.
mu c h as po ss i bl e for i t m ea n s co nt ent men t am o n g t h em and

co n t en t ed b i rd s br eed m u ch b ett er .
E l sew h er e o n t he pa ges of t h i s book are sh ow n plans for

b ett er s q u ab h o u ses a nd th ei r acc essori es a nd as yo u r pl a nt
g row s y o u c a n er ect b u i l d i n gs of t h i s b ett er typ e T he y w i l l
.
p rov e to b e l abor s av ers in ev ery wa y .

C H AP T E R II
SELE C TI N G T H E B R E E D
T he L ad i g C mm c i al Sq ab P d c i
e n o er u ro u ng Pi g eo n s — Adv i c e Aga i n t
s
U i ng t h
s C m m Pi g n
e o on eo .
W h ic h br eed s h al l l ct ! T h i s is a q u es t io n t h at w e are
I se e
co n fi d en t h as p u z z l ed m a n y a b egi nner To th e m i n d of th e .
wri t er i t seems to b e a q u es ti o n w h i c h s h o u l d b e sol v ed b y t he

o ne a s k i n g i t aft er h e or she h as f u l l y look ed i n to the fact s
,
co n c ern i ng the d i ff er en t breed s In ord er to a ss i st th e n ov i c e

.
w e h av e t h er efor e pr e par e d c h apt er s cov eri n g t h e d iff er en t

, ,
s q u ab prod u c i n g v ari eti es T h ese sh o u l d b e of great v al u e in

.
h el p i ng the b egi nner m ak e a w i se sel ecti o n .
T h e wri t er co n s i d er s th e fol lo w i n g to b e t h e b es t br eed s for

co m merc i al sq u ab prod u cti o n The W h it e K i n g the S i l v er
.
,
K i ng th e H o m er the C ar n ea u the R u n t t he Mo n dai ne th e

, , , , ,
M al t es e an d t h e H u n gari a n O f al l of t h ese t h e K i ng s H o m er
.
,
an d C ar n ea u ar e p robab l y t h e m o s t prol i fi c tak en as a br eed ,
a n d t he m o s t profitabl e H ow ev e r th e ot h er s are exc e l l ent

.
,
s q u ab p rod u c er s a n d al l can b e r e l i ed u po n i f prop erl y h a n dl ed .
Th e H o m er is o n e of t h e m o s t u s e d br eed s for t h i s p u rpo se ,
probabl y the m o s t w i d el y u sed b u t the ot h er br eed s are rap i dl y

,
co m i ng to t h ei r own and tod ay w e fi nd l arg e co mm erc i al sq u ab

pl a nt s w h er e th ere are b u t few H o m ers .
O u r adv i c e to th e n ov i c e is to br e ed a t h oro u gh br ed b i r d n ev er ,
a c ro ssb red or m o ngrel an d n v e r w a s t e good blood l i n es o f

e
t wo d i ff e r en t br e d s b y m ati ng th e m to ge th er to get a cro ss

e
bred s q u ab U nd er no c i rc u m ta n c es sh o u l d o n e breed t he
. s
mo ngre l o r c o mm o n pi geo n T he l att e r w i l l n o t prod u c e as

.
m a n y no r a s large s q u ab s a s tho r u g h b re d S p c i m ens o e .
l l a v ing s e l e ct e d a b reed s ti ck to i t a nd s tri v e to get t he b es t

22 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BR E E DI N G
t h ere is o u t of t h at br eed Sel ect a br eed t h at w il l prod u c e

.
s q u ab s w e i g h in g aro u n d a po u n d e ac h w h en dr ess ed ,a br eed

t h at w i l l t hrow w h i t e m eat ed s q u ab s and a l arg e nu mb er o f
t h em An y of th e br eed s w e hav e m entioned abov e w il l p rov e
.
l
profi tab l e prov i d ed th e prop er br eed i n g is b eh in d t h em .
I t is n ot an u n w ise p l a n for t h e n ov ic e to v isit sev eral d iff er en t

s q u ab br eed er s w ho h av e h igh grad e stoc k an d s ee for h ims e l f
j u st w h at th e b ird s ar e b efore p u rc h a sing .

C HAP T E R III
L AY I N G A N D H A T C H I N G
T he C ck D i v t h H
o r es e en — O ne E gg H a t c h B f t h O th — Ch a
es e ore e er ng
i g Sq ab
n f m O
u s ro ne N es t to A th — T h G w th f Sq ab
no er e ro o u s
Sq ab f d by P a
u s e r en s t — T he M t P fi t abl Bi d t O w n
os ro e r s o .
In yo u r v i s i t s to a p i geo n le ft yo u w i l l noti c e a p ai r o f b i rd s
b i l l i ng and k i ss i n g T h i s is t he n at u r al for er u nn er of breed i ng
. .
l he cock b i rd w i l l s oo n b e seen to tr ead

‘
T h en h e driv es th e .
“
h en fol low i n g h er a r o u n d f r o m p er c h to p erc h o n to t h e r u n

, ,
n i ng boar d s o n to t he gro u n d an d so o n u n t i l h e fi n al l y su c
,
ceed s in getti ng h er i n to t h e n es t w h i c h t h e y h av e s e l ect ed .
H e w i l l k eep ri gh t in b e h i n d h er a n d p ec k at h er u n ti l sh e ob ey s
SQ U A B S O NE DA Y T H R E E DA Y S O D
AN l) L
Ph t o f o ro m L o n g wo o d Sq ab F a m L g w d l la
u r , o n oo ,
‘
i .
h is d es i r e for h er to go to t h ei r n est Th e cock w il l b e h eard to

.
m ak e a cooi ng so u n d to h er an d pr es en tl y t h ey st art carrying

n est i n g m at eri al u p to t h e n es t p i ec e by p i ec e u n til t h e n est
is co m p l et ed Th e cock is m o s t u su al l y t h e on e t h a t c arries
.
t h e n est i n g m at er ial Th e h en t h en l ay s an egg an d Sk ip s a

.
d a v b efor e sh e l ay s a n ot h er P ig eo n s l ay o n l y two eg gs b efor e

.
th e y b eg i n to set on t h em or i n c u bat e t h em From the t im e sh e

.
l a y s th e first egg bot h cock an d h en s h are in in c u bat in g th e
C A R N E A U SQ U A BS AT T HR E E W E E K S A N D F O U R W E E K S O F A GE
W H E N T H E Y A R E R E A DY F O R M A R K E T
'
Ph t f m L ng w d Sq ab F a m L g w d F la
o o ro o oo u r , on oo , .
eggs , t he cock go i ng o n d u ty abo u t t en o c lock in the m orn i n g

’
a n d r em ai n i n g o n t h e eggs u n ti l abo u t fo u r o cl ock in the

’
a ft e r n oo n . T h e h en t h en go es o n t he n es t and cov er s t h e eg gs
u nt i l t h e n e x t m or n i n g at t en o c lock
’
T h ey alt ern at e in t h i s
.
ma n n er fo r a p er i o d o f s ev ent een d ay s at t he ex p i rati o n o f

,
w h i c h ti m e t he eggs wi l l h atc h o n e egg i n vari ably h atc h i ng

,
b e f o r e t he oth er o n e .Fo r t h i s r ea so n o ne s q u ab is al m o st a l
way s a l i ttl e l a rger t h a n t he ot h er and of co u rs e the first one
,
26 PR O F I TA BL E PI G E O N BR E E D IN G
is do n e to gi v e th em a c h an c e to l earn fro m th e ol d er bi rd s
‘
, ,
h o w to e at f r o m t h e f eed b ox a n d dri n k fro m t h e w at eri n g

fo u n tai n .
W h i l e t h e par en t s are i n c u b at i n g t h e eggs a m i l k y w h i te

su b sta n c e form s in th e i r c r op s wh i c h is k n ow n as Pigeo n s
’
Mi l k T h i s s u b s tan c e is th e first food a s q uab r ec ei v es T h e

.
”
.
s q u ab s t i ck s it s b eak i n to t h e b e ak of t h e p ar en t b ird an d h e or
s he ,
as t h e c a se m ay b e w it h a m u sc u l ar actio n ,
fo r c es th i s ,
m i lk i n to t h e t h roat of t h e s q u ab Fo r t h e fi rs t fi v e d ays of t h e
.
s q u ab s l i f e i t is fed o n th i s m i l k A ft er th at t i m e t h i s m i l k
’
grad u al l y gr o w s th i ck e r a n d th i ck er a n d b egi n s t o co n tai n m or e
IVH I T E K I N G SQ U A BS E I G H T E E N DA Y S OLD AN D FO U R
\V E E K S OLD .
Ph t f
o o ro m J a ck M . Pun , St ck t
o o n, C l if
a .
a nd m o re w h o l e gr ai n un til t he s quab is abo u t t en d ay s old

w h en i t s ta rts getti n g gr a i n a nd wh ol e w at er fro m t h e crop s
of t h e p a ren t b i rd s .
D u r i ng t h e ti m e th at t h e b i r d s h av e s q u ab s in t he n s t s t h ey e
w i l l at f eed i n g ti m e ea t a s m u c h a s po ss i bl e a n d th en dri n k
, ,
a l l t he w at e th ey can T h en t h e y fly o ff to t h ei r nest a nd st u ff

r .
t he s q u a b s w i th th i s m i xt u r e
A go d pai r o f b r e d i n g b i r d s a n d t he m o s t profitabl e o n es
o e ,
to o w n a e th s th a t wi l l w h n a pai r o f s q u ab s h av e r eac h ed
,
r o e ,
e
t w o w ee k s o f a ge ge t b u s y a gai n a n d s ta r t a n oth e r n est n ea r b y

,
.
T h e s a m e acti n a s d es cri b ed a b v e g es
o n a gai n A oo n
o o o . s s
as t h e h e n l ay s he r s co n d s e t o f ggs t he co c k b i rd t ak es al m o s t
e e
L A Y IN G A ND H A TCHI N G 27
co m pl et e ch arg e o f th e fi rst s qu ab s att en d i ng to t h em w h en

,
o ff t h e s eco n d egg s
,
r eari ng t h em u n ti l t h ey are w ean ed at
b etw een fo u r an d fi v e w eek s of age B i rd s of t h is k i n d are
.
oft en r ef err ed to as D o u bl e N est W ork ers an d are as I h av e

“ ”
s ai d
,
t h e m o s t profitab l e o n es to o w n .
C A R N E A U SQ U A B A B O U T T HR E E IVE E K S O L D
C H A PT E R I V
FEED I N G
S p c i al A tt ti
e t F d i g— G a i
en on E at b y Pi g
o — F di g
ee n r ns en eo ns ee n
Q al iti
u f th Va i
es G ai
o — Adv i c t t h B g i
e t
r ou sB y r ns e o e e n ne r o u
M a fac t d F d — N a m
nu ure f L ad i g B a d eef Pi gs F d es o e n r n s o eon ee s .
— A al y i f F
n d t ff — Tabl Sh w i g C m p iti
s s o ee sf Fu d s e o n o os on o ee
t ff — T h F d F m la w ith D c i p ti Sh w i g H w th y
s u s ree ee or u e es r on o n o e
A W k d O t — Ch a g i g F a t t
re or e N itu g F E x t ac t n n s o ro en r ee r s
H al th G it — H al th G it F m la
e r s e r or u .
P ig eo ns in co nfi n em en t r eq u i r e s p ec i al att en ti o n as regard s
, ,
t h eir f eed In th e i r wi l d stat e t h ey se l ect and co n su m e a great

.
va r i ety o f grai n Th ey a re n ot carn i vo r o u s or fl es h eat i n g

.
b i rd s b u t l i v e o n l y b y eati ng grai n an d gr een food s T h erefor e .

,
w e m u s t p rov i d e th em w i th t h i s s a m e v ari ety of grai n w h en

w e co n fi n e th em M a n y n ov i c es in b r eed i n g p i geo n s h av e
.
fai l ed sol e l y b eca u se t he y d i d n ot k n ow t he n ec ess i ty of prop erl y

f eed i ng t h ei r bi rd s O n e th i ng to b e r em em b er ed ab v e al l
. o
ot h ers is t h at p i geo n s l i k e po u lt r y m u st b e g iv en a bal a n c ed

, ,
rati o n for w i tho u t t h i s th e y w i l l o n l y l i v e an d ca nn0 t prod u c e

pl u m p s q u ab s no ma n y of th em b eca u s e th ey are n ot rec e i v i n g
r
t h at wh i c h go es towa r d m ak i ng eggs etc , .
T he grai n s u se d in f eed i ng p i geo ns ar e w h ol e cor n C a n ad a ,
p ea s cow p ea s m i x ed fi el d p ea s w h eat ri c e m i l l et k afi r corn

, , , , , , ,
h em p b u ckwh eat su n flow er seed p ea n u t s m i lo m ai z e f et eri ta

, , , , , ,
e tc. H ow e v e r n o n e o f th es e grai n s s h o u l d b e fed by i t sel f

,
fo r a n y l en gt h o f ti m e for t h at gra i n n o m att er w h i c h on e w e ,
m a y sel e ct i t w i l l n o t co ntai n t he co r r e ct a mo u n t of t he con

,
s t it n e nt s w h i c h go t o ward m ak i ng a bal a n c ed rati o n a nd t h er e
fo re is b y it s el f not a bal a n c ed rat io n Mor eov er as s tat ed .

,
b efo re pi geo ns need a v ari ety of grai n T h ese are the two
, .
FE E DI N G 29
prin c ip al r easo n s w h y w e f eed m i x ed grai n s to ou r b ird s in

co n fi n em en t .
B es i d es grai n p i g eo n s r eq u i r e gr een food in so m e form an d

i t s ho u l d b e fed as oft en as po ss ib l e an d th e br eed er sh o u l d try
to v ary t h i s form of food W e u se Sw i ss c h ard l ett u c e l eav es
.
, ,
c abbag e l eav es s p r o u t ed oat s an d gr een b ean v i n es It is to

,
.
t he adva n ta ge of t h e br eed er to h av e a sm al l p i ec e of gro u n d

w h ere h e can grow o ne or two of th e abov e m en ti o n e d gr een
food s as in do i ng th i s h e w i l l get th em c h eapl y and W i l l h av e
t h em o n h a n d m or e or l ess al l of th e ti m e I n f eed i n g s p r o u t ed
.
oat s n ev er u n d er an y co n d i ti o ns f eed t h e Spro u t ed seed b u t

, ,
o n l y t h e gr een bl ad es Pigeo n s ar e es p ec ial l y fo n d of greens

.
a n d w i l l r u s h for t h em w h en pu t i n to t h e fl ys .
O n e w i l l fi n d br e ad cr u mb s a n exc e l l en t food for p i geo n s an d

so m et h i n g t h at t h e y al w ay s d evo u r e a gerl y Stal e br ead is
.
u s u al l y ob t ai n abl e at b ak er i es at a m o s t r ea s o n ab l e pr ic e an d
its u s e w i l l h el p m at er i al l y to cu t dow n t h e f ee d b i l l s T he .
bak er as a ru l e is a n xi o u s to get ri d of su c h br ead at a n o m i n al

, ,
pri c e N ev er u se i t h ow ev er s h o u l d i t S h ow an y s i gn s o f
.
, ,
b e i ng mo u l d y T he wri t er ad m i t s t h at he do es n o t k n ow w h at
.
good t h e b i rd s d eri v e fro m eati n g br ead cr u m b s b u t i t h as al

way s seem ed to do th em ab sol u t el y n o h arm an d in t h at i t h el p s
to red u c e t h e f eed b i l l s w e r eco mm en d its u s e .
T h er e is on t he m ark et today w h at is k now n as W i l d Gra ss

Seed M i xt u r e . It is u s u al l y m ad e u p o f v ari o u s w il d gra ss
s eed s an d is a mo s t exc el l en t f eed for p i g eo n s T h i s f eed seems
.
to su ppl y a great m a n y seed s w h i c h p i g eo ns wo u l d get w ere

t h ey fl y i ng at l arg e b u t w h i c h are rar el y if ev er pl ac ed in
, ,
co mmerc ial p igeo n f eed s T h is m i xt u re is v ery rea so n abl e in

.
pri c e an d sh o u l d b e u sed fr eel y as it is r el i sh ed v ery mu c h

by the b i rd s It seem s to to n e t h em u p
. .
We w i l l tak e sev eral grai ns t h at w e h av e m en ti o n ed abov e

and s ee j u s t w h er e i n t h e y are or a re n o t good for p i geo n s .
C rack ed cor n is v ery d ec epti v e a n d I a m s i n c er e in m y

b el i e f t h at i t sh o u l d nev er b e fed u nd er an y c i rc u msta nc es .
I am al so fi rm in m y b e l i e f t h at c rack ed cor n is th e c au s e o f
30 P R O FI TA BL E PI G E O N B RE E DI N G
m or e ca n k er th an an y ot h er th in g It w il l ab sorb m o ist u r e
-
.
a n d b eco m e m o u l d y in a v ery S h ort ti m e an d m o u l dy f eed
i n vari abl y l ead s to on e of two th i ngs— ca n k er or ro u p U se -

.
o n l y so u n d h ard cor n an d b est o f al l Arg en ti n e Fl in t corn

,
.
T h i s is a sm al l y el low grai n t h at is v ery h ard .
In p a ss i n g fro m crack ed corn w e w i l l co n s i d er w h at is k n ow n

as S c r atc h Feed s u c h as is fed to po u ltry
,
D o n ot r esort to .
t h i s f eed i f i t can po ss i b l y b e avoi d ed It is u su al l y pri c ed at .
a m u c h l o w er fi gu r e t h a n m i x ed p i geo n f eed an d in or d er to
eco n o m i z e t h e n ov i c e w i l l in a gr e at m a n y ca ses u se it a n d
, ,
th i n k t h at h e is acti n g j u d i c io u sl y T h i s m i xt u re w as nev er
.
i n t en d ed for p i geo ns an d do es n ot ca r ry the c orr ect am o u n t

of n u tri m en t n or u s u al l y t h e prop er grai n s T he s cratc h f eed .
is i n vari ab l y m i x ed w it h crack ed cor n a n d i t is t h er ef or e I , ,
co ns i d er da ngero u s to f eed I t m a y w el l b e u s ed for a w h il e

, .
b u t o u r e x p er i en c e h as b een t h at f ee d i n g i t is tak i n g a gr eat

ch a n c e .
W h eat is a S pl en d i d f eed b u t in a w ay i t is a l so a da n gero u s

, ,
o ne Th e d a n ger in f eed i n g w h e at l i es in th e fact t h at f eedi n g

.
too m u ch of it is v ery w eak en i ng to t h e b i rd s B i rd s fed an .
e xc ess i v e a m o u n t of i t b eco m e u n abl e to fl y N ew so ft w h it e .
w h e at s ho u l d n ev er b e u sed Fee d o n l y h ard r ed w i n t er w h eat

. .
T h i s gra in is r el i s h ed v ery m u c h by p i geo ns .
C a n ad a p ea s m ak e a n e xc e l l en t p i geo n f eed T h e y ar e t h e .
c l ea n est an d b est o f al l p ea s fo r p i geo ns an d i f poss ib to get ‘

e
th em at a r ea so n a b l e p r i c e th ey s h o u l d b e fed fr eel y I f o ne .
is u n abl e t o get t h em fo r a n y r ea so n cow p ea s or m i x e d fi eld

p ea s m a y b e s u b s ti t u t ed in fact ei th er o f th ese m ak e an
,
e x c l l e n t f e ed
e T h e C a n ad a p ea s how ev e r co n ta i n
.
,
pro ,
t ei n a s agai n s t fo r m i x e d p ea s a n d fo r cow p ea s .
T l e r cfo e t he C a n a d a p ea s h o u l d b e g i v e n t h e pr e f e r en c e w h en
‘
i r s
t he p r i ces fo r t h e th r ee a re eq u al .
R i c e is a n ece s a r y f eed o n c e in a w h i l e
s T h i s gra i n is u s ed.
p ri nci pa l l y to c h eck l oo se b o w el s b u t i t w i l l c o ns ti pat e the bi rd s

i f f d too o ft e n T h e wri t r m ak es i t a p racti c e to f eed h is bi rd s
e . e
o n c e a w ee k w i t h ri c e u s i ng o n l y a sm al l a m o u n t at a ti m e
,
a n d f e ed s i t s e para t e l y f ro m t h e r egu l ar ratio n .

F E E DI N G 31
Go l d en m i l l et is r el i s h ed v ery m u c h T h i s grai n is low in .
p rot ei n b u t i t seem s to b e exc el l en t for a c h a n ge in d i et and

.
s ho u l d b e fed o n c e or tw i c e a w ee k in s m al l a m o u n t s .
K afi r cor n is a s p l en d i d f eed an d can b e u s e d fr ee l y I t is .
i n v a ri a b l y lo w er in p r i c e th a n m o st oth er gr ai ns .
H emp s ee d is v ery fatt e n i n g I t is p r obably l i k ed m or e by .
pigeo n s t h a n a n y oth er grai n O n acco u n t of its u s u al h i gh

'
co s t i t can o n l y b e fed v ery s pa r i n gl y b u t t h e b r eed er w i l l fi nd ,
th is grai n of m u c h v al u e It is a fi n e c o n d i t io n er a n d in getti ng
.
b i rd s r ead y for t h e S how roo m w e f eed i t r at h er l i b er al l y as i t

p u t s t h em in t h e pi n k o f co n di t io n in a s h ort ti m e B es i d es .
w hat h em p t h e re m i gh t b e in t h e m i x e d f e ed w e ad v i se f eed i n g
i t s e parat e l y in s m al l a m o u n t s o n c e a w eek
,
T h e s a m e t h i ng ,
.
m i ght b e s ai d of s u n flo w er s eed .
P ea n u t s of lat e v ears h av e b eco m e q u it e w i d el y u s e d for

, ,
pi geo n f eed d u e to t h e fact th at t h ey co n tai n a v er y large

p erc en ta ge of p r ot ei n i t b e i ng ’
or m or e tha n t h at co n
,
t a in ed in a n y oth er grai n or food w h i c h w e g i v e to p ig eo n s

wi th t h e ex c e pti o n o f t h e so y b ea n an d th i s is n ot fed v ery .
o ft e n T h ey h a v e co m e i n to s u c h gen eral u s e b ec a u se o f th e i r
.
l o w er c o st th a n p ea s for w h i c h gra i n t h e y fo rm a s u b s ti t u t e it .
is b e t to f ee d t h e sm al l S p a n i s h p e a n u t s or t h e crac k e d o n es
s .
B e f o r e go i n g f u rt h e r i nt o t he d etai l o f f ee d i n g a w r d of s ,
o
ad v i c e to t he nov i c e m ay b e of s m e h el p T h ere are o n t he o .
m ark et se v e ral w e l l k n o w n b r a n d s of pi geo n f eed and w e w o u ld

s u r l y ad vi s e t he b egi nn r t
e u se .
ne o r m o re of t h e m u n t i l h e
e o . o
o r s h e t ho ro u gh l v l ar n f eed s a nd u nd ers ta nd s f o od v a l u es
e s .
La t er h e ca n w o rk ut hi w n b al a n c e d r a ti o n f o rm u l a e a n d
o s o
m ix t he f eed at hi w n pla n t giv e h e re a l i s t o f h i gh

s o .
gra d e re ad y m i x d f ed s : e e
BRA N D M A N U FA C T U R E R A DDR E S S
ll Bl b g B th B ltim Md
‘
( o r nc a in er ro e rs . a o re .
i l W m ( 1 S a l tt
.
B l ti m Md
'
O r o e . . c r e a o re,
Sh w W d S l bb A
.
a ne e L i v i ll Ky oo . u s
'
t
‘
o ou s e,
It l \V i St b i
.
- e< ng L i v i l l Ky u ts ou s e,
W d St bb
.
(
‘
h ll a e nge L i v i ll Ky o o . u s ( o
‘
ou s e,
( Jh w
.
lt l t i ( o o o o o o o o o St L i M ‘
i I i l
’
l ’ ’
u r na g eo n o a s o n u r na o . ou s, o .
I I l l yh O k ‘
l Oo l \V S Ri c h m d V a
' ‘
. . on o n , .
l i
‘
b ll
a in a e a( gh y I
. m C D t it M i c h
‘
au e -
oss an o e ro , .
32 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BR E E DI N G
The wri t er has u sed al l o f the abov e bran d s an d can h eart il y

r eco mm en d eac h of t h em for t h ey ar e al l bal a n c ed rat io ns .
I n m ak i n g a s t u d y of gra ins for p ig eo n f eed w e fi n d fi v e

co n sti t u en t s t h at en t er in to t h ei r co m po sit io n an d t h ese mu st
b e so proport i o n ed a s to form a p rop erl y b al a n c ed ra t io n T h ey .
ar e : wat er ash prot ein carbo h ydrat es an d fat

, , , C arbo h ydr at es .
in t u r n ar e d i v i d ed in to two su b h ead s i e fib er an d n it rog en

,
. .
,
fr ee extract s .
W at er is co n tai n e d in al l f eed s to a c erta in ext en t In loo k ing .
ov er th e acco m p an yi n g tabl e sh ow i n g th e co m po sitio n of p ig eo n

food st u ff s w e fi nd t h at th e wat er co n ta in ed in the d iffer ent
grai n s v ari es fro m to
Ash co n sist s of m in eral m att er i n cl u d i n g l im e so d a iro n , , ,
pota s h etc
, .
P ro t ei n is t h at co n st it u en t Wh ic h b u il d s u p th e body in t h at
i t m a nu fact u r es fl esh f eat h ers b lood m u s cl e: egg s et c It
, , , , .
is t h e m o s t i m porta n t o f t h e co n st it u en t s en t er in g in to the
m ak e u p of p i geo n f eed s W it h o u t th e prop er am o u nt of it w e
-
.
c a n n ot ex p ect to get eg gs n or can w e ex p ect an y b u t s crawn y

s q u ab s t h at m ay or m ay n o t l i v e aft er b i rt h To k eep p ig eo ns.
in prop er co n d i ti o n to work effic i en tl y i t is n ec ess ary t o f eed

t h e prop er a m o u n t of prot ein b eca u se i t is t h at s u b stan ce w h ic h
ha s to b e r el i ed u po n to r e pai r th e bod y in m o s t o f its p art s
an d k eep i t in fi r st cl a ss work i ng ord er B u t on th e ot h er h a n d
.
, ,
i t is d ang ero u s to f eed an exc essiv e a mo u nt o f p rot ein b ec au se ,
fed in t h i s m a nn er it p rov es to b e inj u r io u s to th e intern al

,
orga ns of the b i rd Sc i entifi c inv est igat io n and caref u l stu d y

.
has sh ow n u s t h at t h e p erc en tag e o f p rot ein t h a t sh o u l d b e

u sed is fro m fo u rt een to fi ft een w h i c h m ea n s t h at t h e pro t ein
co n t en t of ev ery one h u n dr ed po und s o f p i g eo n f eed Sh o u l d

b e fro m fo u rt een to fi ft een per c en t o f prot ein or t h at m a n y
po u n d s o f i t .
C arbo h ydrat es or n i trog en fr ee extract s co ns i st of su gar s an d

-
s tarc h es an d i t is t h i s m at eri al w h i c h su pp l ies th e hea t and
en erg y to th e b i rd s bod y In r e f err ing to ou r t abl e sh ow in g

'
.
34 PR O FI TA B LE PI G E O N BR EE D I N G
h av e h er e w ork ed o u t t h r ee formu la e
I
N UMBER ON E
P t i n Fi b Fat ro e er
’
C arb o t s
. 24
63
21
1 00
r ef erri n g to t h e fir st tabl e w e see t h at 1 00 po u n d s of

'
In
C a n ada p ea s co n ta i n of prot ei n In o u r formu l a abov e .
w e h av e u s ed th i rty po u n d s or thr ee t en t h s of a h u n dr e d po u n d s -
t h er efor e w e m u lti p ly by 3 an d get L i k ew i s e w e s e .

,
t h at 1 00 p o u n d s of C a n ada p ea s co n tai n of fib er T h er efore .
w e m u lti ply b y 3 an d get or t he a m o u n t of fib er co n

.
t ain ed in t h irty po u n d s of th i s gr a in B y th i s m ethod of r e f er .
ri ng to th e tab l e o n e ac h co n sti t u en t an d m u l ti pl yi ng th e per

c en ta ge per 1 00 po u n d s b y th e f ract io n al p a r t of 1 00 po u n d s w e
fi n d t h e p erc en ta ge of th at c o n s ti t u en t for t h e a m o u nt o f gr ain ~
u s ed T h e for m u l a j u s t wo r k e d o u t is a good o n e i n t h at i
.
t
co nta i ns t h e corr ect a m o u n t of prot e i n i t is l ow in fib er and ,
h as a m od erat e a m o u n t of fat .
N U M BER TW O
’
P t i Fi b ro e n er
C a n.P a 30 l b e s s .
C o rn 2 5 lb 53 s .
K afi r 2 5 lb s . . 65
W hea t 2 0 lb s .
1 00 l b s .
N UM RE I : 1 1 1 11215
‘ ’
1 3 :
P t iro e n F ib er Fa t C arb o t s
’
30 1b s . . 78
C o rn 2 0 lb s . . 42
Pe a t nu s 30 lb s . . 8 37
\ Vh e a t 1 0 lb s . 21
H mp
. .
e 6 lbs . . . 50
Mi l l t e 5 lb . 55 18
lb s .
Thu s we se e t h at \\ e ca n go o n a nd o n m aki ng i f e rent

up d f
l ee d fo r m u la e b ut we hav e a no th er i m p o rta n t factor t h at w e
F E E DI N G 35
must tak e i n to co ns i d erati o n an d t hat factor is th e nu trit iv e

r ati o of f eed s T h i s rat io is th e proporti o n o f t h e prot ein to
.
th e total n i tro gen fr ee e xtract W e fir st fi nd ou t h ow mu c h

-
.
prot e i n o u r form u la s h o w s and i t s h o u l d b e aro u n d 1 4 % to

H av i n g t h i s w e cal c u l at e t h e total p erc en ta ge of t h e co nst it u ent s .
N e x t w e c h a n ge t h e fat in to n i trog en — fr ee extract b y mu l t ip l y ing

t h e fat b y an d add i n g t h e r es u l t to t h e n i tro gen fr ee extrac t -
.
T h i s total s h o u l d b e fro m fo u r an d o n e h al f to fi v e t i mes the -
total a m o u n t of prot e i n to h a v e a co rr e ct nu tri ti v e ratio T h u s .
w e see th at m y fir s t two form u l a e ar e al l r ig h t an d t h e l a st

one w h i l e i t carri es t h e corr ect am o u n t of p rot ein and w il l
,
prov e to b e a good f eed i n g formu l a i t is j u s t a l ittl e sh y in th e ,
n u tri t i v e rat i o .
T h e br e ed er can e a s i l y w ork o u t v ari o u s form u l a e fro m the

abov e i n form at i o n t h at w i l l prov i d e h is b i rd s w i t h bal an c ed
rati o ns an d a w i d e vari ety of f eed s .
I n a sm u c h as p i geo n s h av e n o t eet h w e m u st prov id e t h em

w i t h so m e s ort of m at eri al w h i c h w i l l gri n d t h ei r food in t h e
cr o p T h i s is t a k en car e of by t h e u se o f h ea lt h grit T h i s
. .
gri t is a co m po s it io n of cl ea n s h arp s a nd sm al l sh el l s c h arcoal , , ,
s al t and so m e m i n eral m att er , to get h e r w i t h a to nic It is .
e xtr em el y ess en ti al to b i rd s in co n fi n emen t an d sh o u l d alway s
b e in t h e l o ft s T he h e al th gri t s th at a r e m o s t h i g h l y reco m
.
m en d ed an d tho s e th at w e h av eu sed ar e : ,
B R AND M A N U FA C T U RE R A DDR E S S
R d C e ros s J W W i ll i a m G la
. b .N J son ss or o, . .
F t
ou s s G g F t C G i lf eor d C e ou s o u or , onn .
Th e fol lo w i n g is a form u l a g iv en to t h e wri t er s ev eral y ear s

ag o a nd w h i ch m a k e a n e x ce l l e n t h e al t h gri t m i xt u r e
s .
Si f t d S a d 8 0 p d ; V ti R d 8
e n . oun c ; G ti a R t 6
s ene an e , oun es en n oo ,
o un c ; P w d d Al m 4
es o c ; Tabl S al t
e re u , p d ; O y t Sh ll
oun es e , oun s s er e s
( Chi ck iz ) 9 p d ; C h a c al 3 p nd
s e , ou n s r o , ou s .
I n m ak i n g u p t h i s m i xt u r e ad d j u s t a l i ttl e wat er w h i l e
m i x i ng i t .
I n add i ti n t t h e h eal th gr i t t h at is fed w e w o u l d adv i se

o o
a m a l l c n tai ne r o f c h a r co a l i n e ac h l oft as t h e c h arcoal ca n

s o
do t he b i rd n o h a rm a nd is a n exc el l en t r egu l ator

s .
In co n c l u d i n g th i s c h apt er I w o u l d ad v i se a ny breed er to
o r d er h is grai n w i t h car e B e s u r e f ro m w ho m yo u b u y b eca u se
.
i t is a b s o l u t el y es s ent i al to v o u r s u cc ess to f eed n oth in g b u t

h a rd so u n d sw eet gra i n D o n o t l ay in t oo l a rge a su p pl y at
, ,
.
o n e ti m e u n l ss v o u h av e t he pr o p er fa ci l i ti es fo r s tori n g i t
e .
I t ru s t th at th i s c hapt er w i l l h e l p m a n y to o v erco m e o n e of t h
n
m o s t d i ffic u l t probl em s o f f eed i n g p i geo n s n am e l y a c h a n ge

,
of d i et a nd p rov i d i n g b al a n c ed rat io n s
.
C HA P T ER v
H O U SI N G
N ee d of a m t al L f t — D c i p i
O rn en o f Ma ts i al
es b rU d
t on o er s to e se
Fl y P — T h O p F t H
e ns e — B il l f M a t i al f
en ron ou se h Op o er or t e en
F t H
ron — Tw P
ouse Pig H
o en d Fl y w ith B i l l
eon f Ma
ou se an o
l—T h
,
t e r ia P Pi g
re e H en W i th B i ll
eo n f Ma t i al — I d i v i d al
ou se o er n u
R t B d i g P w i th B i l l f M a t i al — M i t T yp Sq ab
un r ee n en o er on or e u
H w ith B i ll
ou se f Mat i al — T h Sq ab D
o er m g P la t w ith Bi l l
e u r es s n
of Mat i al — L a t f a P la t t Acc m m da t 1 000 Pa i
er you o n o f o o e rs o
Pi g eo ns .
In t h e fi r st c h apt er of t h i s b ook I m ad e t he a ss ertio n th at a

pret en ti o u s h o m e is n o t n ecessa r v fo r b r eed i n g s q u ab s T h i s .
i v er y t ru e a n d w h i l e a m o r e r l e ss o r d in a r v l oft w i l l do for
s o
a w h i l t he b r d e s h o u l d st r i v e t o h o u s e h i b i rd s in b ett er
e, ee r s
ho m es ; o n es w h i c h are so d es i gn ed a s to b e sa n it a r v c m fo rt a ,
o
SQ U A B BR E E D I N G P E N S
Ph t f m J ck M l
o o ro St ck t C l i f
a .
'
u n, o o n, a .
L O O K I N G T HR O U G H S Q U A D BR E E DI N G P E N S
F t H L w Fl y d ab c f Ladd — Ph t o
'
i\ o te O pe n ro n ou se. o s an s en e o ers o
f m J ack M P St ck t C al if
.
ro . u n, o on, .
l ilo co n o m i cal as w el l a s l abor s av i ng A s i d e ro m t h i s

an d e .
f
,
a s t h e pl a n t grow s i t s h o u l d b e b u i l t w i t h s o m e d efi n i t e s tyl e
o f co n s tr u ct io n in v i ew s o th at t h e w h ol e w i l l at l ea s t b e
pl easm g to t h e eye n o t o n ly of t h e o w n er b u t o f t he v i s itor as

, ,
w e ll V i s i tors c a n not b eco m e favorabl y i m pr essed w i t h a gen

.
e ral mT ix u p o f di ff er en t s tyl es o f loft s H av i ng h ad co ns i d erabl e

.
x p iei ce in d es i gn i ng p i geo n loft s o f v ariou s typ es and s tyl es

(a
g i
w e h a v e d eem ed i t v er y w i s e to go in to th i s s u bj e ct of h o u s i n g .
c a r ef u l l y an d h av e e n d e a v o r ed to pr es en t to o u r r e ad er s
ve
ry
so mef d fi n it e c l ea r cu t wo rk i ng d r a w i ngs o f d i ff eren t h o u ses
'
e -
w h i c h w e b e l i e v e w i l l p r ov e b en efi ci al in m a n y way s An oth er .
th i n g th at h as p ro m pt ed m e to b e so caref u l w i th t h i s c h apt er
a n d c v e r t h e s u b j e ct s o t h o ro u gh l y is t h e fact th at s i n c e I
o
fi r t m a d o m e d ra w i ng fo r t he Am eri c a n P i g o n J o u r n al
s e s s e
s e v e ral y e ar s ago I f r eq u en tl y get r e q u es t s for h e l p al o ng t h i s
l i n e O wi ng to l ack of s pac e I c a n n ot go i nto m i nu t e d etai l

.
H O U SI N G 39
AN O THE R PE N FR O N T H O U S E
V I E XV O F O
Ph t f
o o ro m J ack M P n St ck t n C al i f
. u , o o , .
ON E OF TH E L A R G E S T PI G E O N PL A N T S I N T H E W O RLD
Ph t f m K i g L f t H y wa d C al i f
o o ro n o s, a r , .
40 PR O FI TA B L E PI G E O N B R E E DI N G
wi th draw i ngs b u t I do f eel th at en o u gh h as b een s h ow n

t he
o n m y pl at es so th at ev en an ord i n ary j ack l eg can work by “ ”
-
t h em H ow ev er s h o u l d t h e r ead er s of t h i s book fa il to u n d er
.
,
s ta n d any dr a w i ng t h e wri t er w i l l b e pl ea s ed to exp l ai n an y

po i nt b y l ett er .
I t h as b een m y i d e a to d es i gn th es e loft s s how n h er ew it h

w i t h sen s i bl e eco n o m y in m i n d T h er e is po s i t i v e l y n o n eed
.
of b u i ld i n g orn a m ental loft s for p i geo n s su c h as a great m an y

of v o u ha v e seen pi c t u res o f T h at t yp e of h o u se is rap i d l y
.
p a ss i ng o u t of ex i st enc e an d ri ghtl y so W h at is n eed ed as an .
abod e for p i geo ns is a su b sta nt ial w el l v enti l at ed w el l a rra n ged

, ,
l e ft of pl ai n l i n es D r aft s m u st b e k e pt o u t d a m p n ess m u st b e
.
,
el i m i n at ed light an d pl en ty of fr es h ai r m u s t b e ad m i tt ed
, i ,
n est s m u s t b e a rr a n ge d to b e r ead i l y ac c es s i b l e fo r t h e b i rd s yet
S T Y L E O F R E A RI N G P E N
U se d by J ck M P a . St ck t
un C al i f
. o o n, .
t h ey m u sth av e n o draft s bl o wi n g acro ss th em an d th es e nest s

m u s t b e s o pl ac ed as t o all o w t h e b r e ed er to s ta n d n at u ral l y
o n t h e fl oor a n d see i n to t h e top m o s t n es t s As i d e fro m t h i s
.
t h e b u i l d i n g m u s t b e s u b s ta n ti al l y b u i l t s o as to l a s t T h es e .
th i ngs h av e al l b een tak en i nto c o ns i d er ati o n and if o n e fo l

low s t he pl a ns as I h av e s h o w n t h em I do not th i n k t h at h e
w i l l go v e ry far wro n g .
Th ere is o ne th i ng w h i c h w i l l b e pl ai n l y n oti c ed abo u t m y

d ra w i ng a nd t h f l l w i ng pl a n d es c r i pt i ns a n d t h a t is I h av e
s e o o o ,
no t m e nt i o n e d w h at w o o d t o u s e M y adv i c e is to u se th at
.
42 PRO FI TA BLE PI G E O N BR E E DI N G
it wi ll n ot mak e ti gh t
as an d d u rab l e a j ob as th e s h ipl ap To .
my m ind th e s h i pl ap is th e v ery b est t h i n g th at can b e u sed

for t h i s p u rpo se .
I h av e s how n 2 in by 4 in s t u d s thro u gh o u t in m y draw in g s

. .
th o u gh I h av e k n ow n s o m e br eed er s to u s e 2 in by 3 in I do . .
n o t th i n k t h e l att er s tro n g en o u gh tho u g h of co u r se th ey can b e
u sed . Th e s t u d s in al l of t h e b u i l d i ngs s h ow n in t h i s c h apt er

h av e b een p l ac ed in th e m o st eco n o m i cal m ann er I b el iev e .
E i th er bri ck p i er s or wood en po s t s m a y b e u sed as a fou nd a .
t io n u po n w h i c h to b u i l d t h e h o u ses or if o ne w i sh es to do so
r T - EL t VA Q M n- Lt sv u
-
r loH
‘
ioN
;
. .
fi RG
o Nt-O Vl J
- .
l LO o n x
pL Arl ~
Piz_o n-
r Or h v
- ~
.
-
ft o o p. - f z m
i se Pt
-
mj
PL b s Eo rz- AN O P El
-
i~rz o T- P I G E O Pi Ho u a n mm
ag
-
”
lI
- ‘
Dr a w u bj FAll
r asa -J n z a
u r
y 5 r
-
a
he m ay u s e pr eca st co n cr et e block s m ak i ng t h em 1 2 in s q u ar e , .
a n d t w o or t h r ee f eet lo ng I f wood is to b e u se d I wo u l d r ec
.
e m m en d c y p r ess as i t s ta n d s m oi s t u r e b ett er th a n m o s t wood s .
I n pl a n n i n g t h e fl y p en s I h av e in ev ery c a se d es i gn ed th em
so t h at t h e b r eed er ca n catc h an
y bi rd w i t h o u t m u c h ex ertio n .
T h e i d e a th at a fl y s ho u l d b e abo u t fo u r t een or fi ft een f eet

tal l is a n ex pl od ed o n e a nd is fa s t pa ss i ng i n to obl i v i o n I .
h av e tri ed s u c h i d ea s a nd h av e fo u nd t h em a m i stak e ri gh t
fro m t he start A not h er th i ng t h at w i l l b e not i c ed is t h at I
.
u se r u n n i ng b o ard s e xcl u s i v el y a n d n ev er t he ol d t i m e l add er .

H O U SI N G 43
T he l add er m ak es i t h ard to catc h b i rd s an d i t al so d epriv es

t h em of a c h a n c e to st ret ch o u t and su n th em sel v es prop erl y .
T h en too i t w i l l b e n oti c ed th at I do not all ow t h e b i rd s to

h a v e t h e r oof o f t h e h o u se as a su nn i ng and l i g h t in g p l ac e .
I t h as b een fo u n d b y m e for I h av e ow n ed loft s o f t h i s d escrip

,
ti o n th at t he act i o n of the p i geo n m an u r e on t h e roofi n g m a

,
t er ial is v er y d etri m en tal c a u s i n g t h e roofi n g m at eri al to b e

,
co m e wo rth l ess in a s ho rt w h i l e As i d e f ro m th i s i t is xtr em el y . e r
ha rd to catc h b i rd s in a pen w h er e th e y h a v e acc ess to t he roof

of t h e ho u se .
I h av e p u bl i s h e d h er ew i t h a b i l l for m at eri al for eac h h o u se

t hat I h av e p l a nned I b el i ev e t h i s is th e fi rst t i m e t h at t h i s
.
h as ev e r b een do n e w i th s q u ab h o u s e p l a n s .
T h e O pen Fron t H o u se .
In th i s t y p e of h o u se w e fi n d an al m o s t i d eal on e for w arm

c l i m at e an d a lso fo r th o s e w h er e i t do es n ot get extr em el y
s
c ol d T h e i d ea for th i s h o u se is o ne t h at w as gott en fro m one

.
o f v ry s i m i l a r t v pe s ee n at t h e pl a n t o f a v ery pro m i n en t
e
So u t h C a r l i n a C ar n ea u fa n ci er
o so m e y e a r s a go B e i ng s o .
favorabl y i m pressed w i th the i d ea the wri t er b u i l t a t h ree

se cti o n h o u s e of th i s ty p e an d h as fo u n d i t ab sol u t el y s ati s s
facto r y in e v er y r es p ect in fact I co ns i d er i t a h ard on e to b eat

, ,
.
I n b u i l d i n g m y th r ee pen h o u s e I m ad e a s l i gh t m i stak e in
-
that i t w as m ad e o n l y s ix f eet w i d e in eac h sect io n i nst ead of

e i g h t as th ey s ho u l d h av e b een I n m ak i n g th e work i n g draw .
i ngs s h o w n h e re t h i s error h as b een r ecti fi ed an d I b el i ev e t h i s

.
w i dth w ill b e fo u n d b ett er .
T h i t y p e o f h o u s e ad m i ts pl enty of fr esh ai r an d t h er e is
s
n th i ng b tt r f
o e pi g n s p rov i d ed t h ere are no d raft s B v
e or eo .
cl o s i ng j u s t a pa rt o f t h e fro n t w e cu t o u t a d raft acro ss th e

n st s v t w e l eav e e n o u gh o f t h e f r o n t op en to ad m i t al l of t h e
e e .
f r h a ir t h a t is n ed d T h h o d ed r f is a go o d i d ea in t hat
es e e . e o oo
i t k p a ll ra i n u t a n d if th h u s h u l d c nt ai n m o r e th a n
ee s o e o e s o o ,
o n e
p n t h b r d r ca n g fro m o n e t o t he ot h er t h o u gh t h e
e e ee e o .
,
r
gat u nd
es , th i h d T h i is s p c i al l y g o d in rai n y w ath e r
er s oo . s e e o e
44 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BR EE D IN G
an d serv es practi ca ll y th e s am e p u r p o s e as t h e ai s l e in oth er

t yp es of h o u ses a n d yet th i s ho o d w i l l n o t co s t n e a r as m u ch
a s t h e ai s l e .
In col d w e ath er w h er e t h r e is d an ger o f t h e s q u ab s f r eez i n g

e
i t is a good i d e a to h av e a b u r l ap c u ta i n pu t i n to t h e f r o n t r
op en i n g T h i s c u rta i n can ea s i l y b e m a d e f ro m f eed ack s an d

. s
n ai l ed u p u n d er t h e h i gh po i n t of t h e r oo f an d t h e en d al lo w ed
X C E LL E N T W HI T E K I N G
E
Ph t f m F a k H H ll m a
o o ro VV r n . o n n, a r re n t o n . Mo .
,
to r es t o n fl o o r n a ro d o r s ti ck to w h i c h t h e end m i g h t
t he o
b e tack ed . l h a v e u ed th i cu t a i n v e r y s u cc ess f u ll y
s s r .
The e ir s a s a v i ng in t he c os t f th i h o u se ov er oth er typ es

o s
in t h a t pa t f t h e fr n t is l e ft p n a nd t h at m u c h l u m b e r l s
r o o o e
sav ed a n d al o t he l u m b e r t h a t m i ght h av e b een u s ed in con

s
s t r u ct ing t h e ai s l e .
H OUS IN G 45
Work i n g dra w i n g s h o w n for a on e pen h o u se To b u il d ar e s .
mor e of th es e o n ei t h er s i d e al l th at is n ecessa r v is to d u pl i cat e

t h i s o ne w i t h t h e exc ept io n t hat b et w een p en s w e s h o u l d u se
tw o i n c h m es h ire pa rt i t i o n s in b eh i n d t h e n es t s T her efor e .
,
o n l y t w o wood en w all s a r e r eq u i r ed I h av e h ow ev er p re par ed .

, ,
a drawi n g s h o w i ng s ev er al of t h es e u n i t s b u i l t to get h er an d
w h i ch I b el i ev e s h o w s c l ea r l y w h at an attract i v e p l a nt can b e
mad e of th i s typ e h o u s e .
O ne f eat u r e o f t h e fi v is that i t is o n l y six f eet s ix i n c h es

h i gh It is ex tr em el v ea s y to catc h a b i rd in a fl y o f t h i s h ei g h t
. .
I b el i ev e th at th o se w h o a r e co n t em pl at i n g b u i l d i n g a n ew
p i geo n l oft w o u l d fi n d t h i s ty p e h o u se t h e prop er o n e to b u i ld
O F M ATE R IAL I OR OPE N FR O N T H O U SE
‘
B IL L
HO U SE PL A N NO . l —
4 pi c 2 i by 6 1 6 ft l — Sill ‘
e es g n . in . , . on s .
2 pi c e 2 i esby 6 i 1 6 f t l g — J i t n n on o s s
by 4 i 1 6 f l g — St d
. .
, . . .
3 pi c e 2 i es n . n . t on u s .
4 pi c by 4 i 1 2 f t l g — St d
, .
e 2 i es n h on u s
by 4 i 1 6 f t l g — P la t
. .
, . .
2 pi c e 2 i es n . h .
, . on es .
5 pi c e 2 i by t i 1 0 f t l g R af t
es n (L g) !
n on -
er s on
b y 4 i h 1 4 f t l g — R af t
. . .
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. . . on ers or
8 0 f t B M C ll R f —Fl i g
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. .
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R f — R f Sh a thi g
. . . .
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by 2 4 i S a h G la z d O n Li ght
.
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2 R ll d Q lit y mp ui R fi g
.
G
‘
o s oo ua ( o os on oo n .
FLY .
5 pi c e 2 i by 4
es 1 0 ft l g n . in on
6 pi c 2 i h by 4 i 1 2 ft l
. .
e es h on
'
g .
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.
, . .
e 2 i es n . n on
F t 2 m M h l lt y W i
.
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w id
.
21 L in . ee 10 i es
’
ou r re . 1 n e
F t 2 i M h P l t y Wi 4 8 i w i d
. .
15 L in . ee n es o u r re , n e
2 pa i 4 m St ap Hi g
. . .
r . r n es .
2 P adl ck Ha p o d St a pl t s it
. s s an es o su .
T wo P en P igeo n H ou se an d Fl y
Fo r t he m a n w ho
. i z e a nd w i sh es ca n u s e a . h o u s e. o f m ed i u m s
s m t h i ng t h a t w i l l l
o e k n a t w h n fi n i h ed I t h i n k t he t w oo e e s o
,
p n h o u s p u b l i s h d h rmv it h w i l l fil l h is w a n t s v e r v n i c el y
e e e e .
T h i h u s e if b u i lt a s s h o w n in t he acco m pa n y i ng pla n s
s o ,
,
w i l l p ro v e t o b e o n e th a t wi l l l a s t a v e ry lo n g ti m e a nd gi v
.
e
46 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BR EED I N G
exc e l l ent s er v i c e E ac h pen h as en o u gh do u bl e n est s to ac

.
co mm odat e fo r ty e i gh t pai r s b u t I w o u l d n ot ad vi se pl aci n g

-
m or e t ha n t w e n ty pai r s in au v l o ft if i t can b e h e l p ed T h i .
wo u l d al lo w fo u r ext r a do u bl e n est s in eac h loft .
Th e ho u se as s ho w n is d es i gn e d fo r co n s t r u ct io n in n orth e r n
, ,
or col d c l i m at es Th e w i n do ws m ay b e c lo sed at n i gh t an d in
.
t s h o r t ti m e t h e a n i m al h e at fro m t h e fo r ty pai r s o f b i r d s w i l l
H l SL -r
e a r
'
é r cri o s A
-
~
,
-
i go u i rw
r-
m io fi ‘
é l D L ELl VATl o rl
'
-
rp o r1T t t r v ar | o n
.
- -
éioi ~
t rt v m on
PL A rts l o D .
“
ATw o Pt rt Pl q L o n Ho u r r e
' -
s F
-
w )
-
3
-
Pl o u
c
z
Hj
.
r o w B [ flu-“n a j flj l l
)
! . o r o r .
HOUS IN G 47
h av e h o u se warm O f co u rs e t h e i ns i d e s h eath i ng m a y or
th e .
,
m ay n ot b e u s ed as t h e ow n er pr ef er s ; I h ard l y th i n k it wo u l d
b e n ec essary ex c ept in v ery col d c l i m at es .
I n p l a nn i n g t h i s ho u se t h e wri t er h as in s o m e ca s es s how n
l arger s i z e ti m b er s t h a n are ab so l u t el y n ec essary b u t I do
co ns i d er th at in ord er to get a good j ob t h e prop er s i z e m at eri al s
m u s t b e pu t i nto i t .
T h ere ar e s o m e w h o argu e a gai nst t h e h o u s e w i t h a corri dor

or ai s l e W e al l ap pr ec i at e t h e fact t h at t h i s ai sl e d e es co s t
.
a l ittl e m ore to b e co nstru ct ed th an i f t h e ho u s e h ad no ne a

al l In ord er to su it as m a n y as po ss i b l e I hav e d es ig n ed t h i s
.
part i c u l ar h o u s e w i t h t he a i s l e yet I h av e al so o n oth er p a ges , ,
s how n h o u ses w i t h o u t s a m e .
For v ent i l at io n w e h av e l o u v r e or s l att ed w i n dow s in e ac h

en d o f t h e gab l e To gu ard a gai nst s parro w s getti n g in b etw een
.
t h e s lat s w e sh o u l d pu t a w i r e s cr een ov er t h e back s of t h ese

s l at s .
For t h e br eed er w h o do es no t carry ov er tw enty p ai r s of b i rd s

t h i s wo u l d m ak e an e xc el l en t h o u se for h e co u l d u se t h e ot h e r
pen as a r eari ng pen for yo u ngs t er s .
B IL L O F M AT E R I AL FO R T W O PE N PIGE ON H O U SE
N es t s N ot I n cl u d ed
HOU SE
2 pi c e4 i b y 6 i 1 2 f t l g— S i ll
es n . n . on s .
2 pi c e4 i by 6 i 1 6 f t l n g— S l l
es n . n . o i s .
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es n P t o -
o r n er os s
g— F l
. . . .
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,
e es J i t n on oor o s s
g —
. . .
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by 4 i 1 6 f t l g— P la t
. . .
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by 4 i 1 2 f t l g— P la t
. .
, .
3 pi c 2 i es n h on es.
'
e
by 4 i 1 6 f t l g— R af t
. .
, .
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by 4 in 1 4 f t l g—D
. . .
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2 00 Ft B M Shi p lap — F l
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b y 36 i 4 l i g ht S a h—\d
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.
f g
o s o oo u o os o n r oo n . n . ee
m h p l t y w i 4 8 i w i d 5 pa i 4 i t a p hi
.
2 i n . es ou r re n . e. r n . s r ng e s
Pad l ck h a p d t apl t it N i n i d h a thi ng
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fi gu d in t h i s b i l l
re .
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2 i
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6 pi c by 4 i 1 0 f t l g
.
, . .
e2 i es n . h . on
3 pi c by 6 i 1 4 f t l g
, . .
e1 i es n . h . , . on .
Li f t 2 i m h p lt y w i
n . ee n . es ou r re 4 8 in . w id e 32 L in f ee t 2 in
m h p lt y w i 6 0 i w id pa i t ap hi
. . .
es ou r re n e 3 r of 4 in s r ng e s
2 padl ck ha p t apl t
.
it
.
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d o s, s s an s es o su .
Ft oo n pt An
PL A ns i o n ATamar PEN PIG EO N Ho us t .
D r o w n- B PA lk
)
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'.
Fo ATh u r PEN Px o ao n Ha us a
P
L A ns o . .
fl o w n. b
y [ A ‘k H D J I’l l
r u w O Q P .
50 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E ON B REE D IN G
300 Ft B M 1 i b y va i w i d th gh b a d n r ou s s r ou o r s — Fl i
o o r n g.
6 00 Ft B M Shi plap —S i d
. . . .
. . W all . e s.
38 5 Ft B M C ll R . .f — R f Sh a thi g
. u oo e rs oo e n .
3 R ll go d q al it y c m p iti
s oo fi g u o os on ro o n .
28 Li f t 2 i m h W i 48 i W d
n . ee n . es re n . i e .
FLY
16 pi c 2 i
e by 4 i
es 1 0 ft l gn . n .
, . on .
1 2 pi c 2 i
e by 4 i 1 2 f t l n g
es n n .
, . o .
3 pi c 1 i
e by 4 i 1 4 f t l g
es n . n .
, . on .
3 pi c 1 i
e by 4 i 1 0 f t l g
es n . n . , . on .
1 pi c 1 i
e by 4 in 1 6 f t l g
e n . . on .
1 30 L i f t 2 i m h w i 60 i wid
n . ee n . es re n . e
2 P adl ck h a p n d t apl t it
.
o s, s s a s es o su
2 H k y
.
oo d s an e e s.
4 pai f 4 in
rs t a p hi g
o . s r n es .
Th e I n d iv id u al R u n t B reed in g P en
I am s h ow i ng a set of work i ng d raw i n g s for In d i v i d u al R u n t

b r eed i ng p ens w h i c h I tru st w i l l fi l l a l o n g f elt wa nt To m y .
k n o wl ed ge d r awi ngs of t h i s k i n d h av e ne v er b een p r esen t ed to

p ig eo n fa n c i ers and br eed er s pri or to th i s ti me M r C R K i ng . . . .
,
of t he K i ng L o ft s H ayward C al i forni a h as all ow ed the wri t er

, , ,
to m od el t h i s h o u se aft er th o se t h at he h as b een us i ng in
b r eed i n g h is fam o u s s t u d of Ru nt s an d th e draw i n g s h av e
Q HL
o u
l
i Lo o Q PLAN .
D I G HT 5 1 01 . ELEV AT IO N
PLAng Fo a l noiV i D UAL Q uni b ni w i no Pi ns mm " ,
Dr a w n by PA ‘k r u v
H3 0 a o- J I’z l .
fitn c c t l .
H OUS IN G 51
b een m ad e as clo se as po ss i bl e to his d escri pt io n an d p h oto

graph s o i his h o u ses . T h ese seem to b e v ery i n ex p ensiv e an d
s h o u l d prov e a gr eat t h i n g for t h e R u n t br e ed er in t h at h e can
'
k ee p eac h pai r separat el y .
O n t h e oth e r h a n d i t ap p e ar s to t h e wri t er t h at t h ese h o u ses

co u l d a ss i s t m at eri al l y in br eed i ng h i gh grad e p ed i gr eed b i rd s
of an y br eed .
mo m ma/ An o n
Sc.
PL A NS i o n l nD i V i DO AL b a t ao i no Dans
t o a £2 0 nr s ri t
g
-
Dr a w n. By 2
B IL L O F M ATE R IAL FO R I N D I V I D U AL RUNT BREE DIN G PE N S
3 p i c 2 i by 4 i 1 2 f t l g— St d
e es n . n t, . on u s .
1 pi c 2 i
e by 4 i 1 4 f t l g— St d
e n . h .
, . on u s.
1 pi c 2 i
e by 4 i 1 2 f t l g— P la t
e n . n . , . on es .
4 pi c 2 i
e by 4 i 1 2 f t l g— J i t
es n . n . on o s s.
5 pi c 1 i
e by 4 i 8 f t l g— R af t
es n . n . on er s .
9 0 Ft B M C ll R
. . f — Fl i g. u oo er s oor n .
4 5 Ft B M C l l R f —Di v i d i g P a t iti u oo er s n r on .
8 0 Ft B M Shi p lap — S i d
. . .
. . W al l
. e s.
7 0 Ft B M C ll R
. . f — R f S h a thi g
. u oo er s oo e n .
1 R ll g o d q al it y c m p iti
oo fi g u o os on roo n .
24 Li f t 2 i m h p l t y w i 36 i w i d
n . ee n . es ou r re n . e .
4 pa i 2 i rt ap hi n g n. s r es .
4 P adl ck ha po d t apl t
s, it s s an s es o su .
Th e Monit or T ype Squ ab H ou se
o m e y ears ago t he wri t er m ad e pl a n s for a t en pen m o n itor

S
typ e s q u a b h o u se wh i c h has b een p u b l i s h ed in th e Am eri ca n
P i geo n J o u r n al I am n ow pr esen t i n g a n ot h er set of d raw in g s
.
for a h o u se of t h i s typ e b u t h av e cu t t h e s i z e do wn co ns i d erabl y

b y m ak i n g the p ens o n l y e i gh t f eet s q u a re i nst ead of t en as
I b el i e v e th i s n ear er t h e prop er s i z e .
A ho u s e o f t h i s ty p e is an exc el l en t o n e in t hat it get s cro ss

v en ti lati o n yet n o draft s acro ss t he n est s I t prov i d es a l ig h t .
a iry ro o m for t h e b i rd s and is n ot as crowd ed as so me of t he
L a nn a . 9‘ s;
4 L 0 0 DJ ’
ElL fi d All -e. q i.
s lc n H
g jl
o -o
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li Sa o o h
N l ‘ Q .
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P L AHo PO Q - '
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Dr -D Ke I
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J
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H OUS IN G 53
ot h er h o u ses It m ak es an i d ea l ho u s e to acco mm odat e aro u n d

.
two h u n dr ed an d fi fty m at ed pai rs of p i geo ns .
I h av e s ho w n t h e h o u s e s h eath ed o n t h e i n s i d e b u t h av e n o t
fi gu r ed o u t t h e n ec essary sh eat h i ng in o u r bi l l of m at eri al I .
do n ot d eem i t n ec ess ary to h av e s h eath i ng e xc e pt in c l i m at es

w h ere s ev er e w i n t ers ar e h ad eac h y ear I n fac t I am op po sed .
to t he i n s i d e s h eat h i ng as i t go es toward m ak i ng a ho m e fo r
rat s an d m i c e an d th e y ar e n ot at al l d es i red .
D i ot t t t v n i on
0
!
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2 x 4
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54 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BRE E D IN G
B IL L OP M A T E R I AL P O R M O N I T OR T Y PE S QU A B H O U SE
PL A N N O 5 .
by 8 i 1 0 f t l g— S i ll
.
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by 8 i 1 2 f t l g— S i ll
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e es n n on s
by 4 i 1 0 f t l g—H l St i p
. .
, . .
1 2 pi c 2 i e es n . h .
, . on ee r s .
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e by 4 i 1 2 f t l n g— H l St i p
es n h .
, . o ee r s .
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es n . n on u s
— St d
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by 4 i 1 6 f t l ng— St d
.
,
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, . o u s .
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e by 4 i 1 2 f t l ng —St d
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f t 2 i by 4 i — P 1 a t
.
,
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5 pi c 2 i b y 4 i 1 2 f t l g— W i d w IS m in ‘
e es n . h . on n o ra ar
by 4 i 1 2 f t l n g— D
, .
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e es n H ad. n . o oo r e s .
1 0 pi c 2 i e by 4 i 1 4 f t l n g— D
es n(W i .) h . . o oor s re .
by 4 in 1 2 f t l n g— D
,
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e es n (W i ) o oor s re
by 4 i 1 0 f t l n g— R af t
. . .
46 p i c 2 ie es n . n . o er s .
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es n . h on er s
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. . .
,
8 p i c e 2 in by 4 i
e s Ti. n . o r on es .
1 02 0 Ft B M Shi plap C l l R f
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o o r in g
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. . u oo er s oo e n .
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nd D a oors .
30 L i Ft 2 i m h w i 36 i w i d —W i n d w S a h
n . . n . es re n . e o s .
1 1 R ll C m p iti R fi g
o s o os on oo n .
1 0 36 i by 36 i S a h 4 6 l i ght
n . n . s or s .
1 0 pa i 2 i t ap hi g
r 6 pa i
n 6 in . t ap hi n g
s r n es . r . s r es.
1 0 pa i 4 i t p hi g
r 2 P adl ck
n ha p
. ds tap l t
ra n e s. o s, s s an s es o su it .
T h e Squ ab D ressin g P l an t .
l ii p r esenti n g t h e pl an s for a s q u ab dress i n g pl a n t I

am co n fi d en t t h at i t w i l l fi l l a l o n g f el t w a n t an d w i l l m eet
wi t h the app rov al of th e v ari o u s breed ers T he writ er has .
v i s i t ed m a n y a s q u a b pl a n t b u t I m u st say t h a t I h av e nev er
s ee n an u p to dat e s q u ab d r ess i n g p l a n t op erat ed b y any (i f
- -
t h em T o m y m i nd ev ery s q u ab pl a nt of any s i z e sh o u l d h av e
.
s u c h a h o u s e b u i lt an d e q u i p p e d as w e h av e s h ow n as it p ro
v i d e a s a n i ta ry pl ac e w h e re i n s q u a b s m a y b e m ad e read y for
s
t he m a rk e t s I t pr vi d es a pl ac e w h er e t h e work o f ki l l i n g an d
. o
s h i p pi ng sq u ab s m a y b e do n e q u i ckl y an d eco n o mical l y —w h er a i
e v e r yt h i n g is d e i g n d a n d a t h a n d fo r th at p u rpo s e s e .
H O U SI N G 55
f Q O NT ELEVAT IO N
’ '
Q EAD; ELEVAT IO N
.
b aa-
n o nl A
.
PL Ans i o e Aé c b De as s m c, P LAN T M
D w ~ b yf A ik
r o rH° j ur °' J
C oop s are prov i d ed w h er ei n s q u ab s m ay b e k ept ov r n i g h t e
w i tho u t f eed i ng so t h at t h ei r crop s w i l l b e em pty w h en k i l l ed

. .
V ery few pl a nt s seem to h av e su c h acco mmodati o ns as t h i s .
A k i l l i ng rack is b u i lt on t h e wal l as sh ow n and is simpl '
a 1 in by 4 in board wi t h s ix p enn y n ai l s dri v en at i n t erv al s

. .
o f f o u r i n c h e s so th at a b o u t o n e h al f of e ac h n a i l is dri v en in
-
.
A galva n i z e d i ro n l i n ed w ood en tro u g h is b u i l t in and d i v i d ed

i n to two part s A . in wat er p i p e is r u n to eac h h a l f and
.
prov i d ed wi th two gard en h o s e s p i got s T h es e s u ppl y the wat el

.
for cool i ng a nd wa sh i ng t he s q u ab s aft er t h e y are p i c k ed .
N xt w e h av
e a b u i lt ih f e ath er b in o n t h e fl o o r v er w h i c h
e -
o
al l s q u ab s are p i ck ed Sq u ab f eat h ers are i nd eed wort h s av i ng

.
as t he br ea s t a n d n eck f eat h e r s al s o t h o s e fro m t h e r u m p a n d

,
t h igh are good for m ak i ng sofa p i l low s ahd can he s ol d at

,
a good p r i c e .
\V e h av e an ice bo x o f good s i z e wh er e dr essed s q u ab s m a y

b e pack e d a n d froz en s t i ff b efor e s h i p m en t is m ad e To do t h is .
gi v es a m i ghty good s tart to t h e s q u ab s o n t h e i r j o u r ney to t h e

m ark et s .
-
l s 4
LEFT Eno ELEVAT IO N

S
e a
R ie HT EN D ELEV Afl on
PLAns Po a Afi q uAb s t ss i hie PLANT

- - - -
D w m bj PA lL - H
r a J r
Pl m ' G
L U v Q O
D
P
o
A t abl p rovi d d a l o w h er e s q u a b s a re w r app ed and

e e s
pack ed fo r h i p m e n t O n th i s tabl e is k e pt a s et of s cal es w h e re

s .
e ac h a nd v e ry s qu a b s h u ld b e w e i gh ed b efo r e i t l eav es t he
e o
pla n t .
T h us we ha v e s h w n h w c m pact a nd d es i ra bl e t h d r ess i ng
o o o e
pla nt is a nd ho w m u c h b e tt e r i t is to h av e e v ery t h i n g at b a n t -
.
L ayou t of a Pl ant t o Accomm od ate 1 000 P airs of P igeon s .
W h en th e writ er mad e u p his min d to p u b l is h t h is book h e

d ec i d ed to en d eavor to g i v e his r ead ers s om et h i ng d iff er en t
f r o m th e u su al t h ings t h at h av e b een p u bl i s h ed h er eto f or e an d
I b e l i e v e I am p u bl is h ing h er ewi t h s o m et h in g t h at h as n ev er
b een s h ow n in any ot h er book on t he su bj ect of p ig eo n s at ,
l ea st t h e wri t er has nev er seen it ,
I am po s i ti v e t h a t in t h e n ex t few y ears a good l y n u m b er

of la rge s q u ab p l an t s w il l b e b u ilt T ho s e w h o co nt em p l at e
.
s u c h as th i s n ow h av e an op port u n i ty of h av i n g a w el l l ai d o u t -
s ch em e to work to for I am s how in g a layo u t for a m od er n
p i geo n pl a n t to h o u se on e tho u s a n d p ai rs of br eed i ng b i rd s .
I n m ak i n g t h i s l ayo u t I h av e u s ed m y op en fro n t h o ns
s h o w n o n pl a n n u m b er o n e an d h av e t h er efor e al low ed for eac h
l e ft to acco m m odat e tw en ty p ai r s of b i rd s t h e fi fty loft s th er e

,
for e ac co mm odat in g on e t h o u s a n d p ai rs T h e arran g em en t of

.
t h e s ecti o n s p erm i t s pl en ty of su n l i g h t an d ai r aro u n d eac h on e .
T h er e h as b een p rov id ed two l arge yo u ngst er p ens w h er ein

y o u ng s tock fro m th e b es t pai r s m ay b e r eared each y ear to
tak e t h e p l ac e of t h e ol d er b i rd s or to b e so l d as breed i n g stoc k .
A t th e en tra n c e end o f t h e p l a n t w e h av e a s q u ab d r ess i n g

pl a nt an d a f ee d h o u se bot h of wh i c h are of co u rse essen ti al
, ,
.
I n sel ecti ng a p lot of gro u n d o n w h i c h to b u i l d a pl a n t o n e

s h o u ld n o t o v e r look a v ery im p o rta n t p o i n t n a m el y d r ai n a ge
, ,
.
Sel ect a dry p i ec e o f gro u n d w h er e t he drai n a ge w i l l b e n at u ral

a n d q u i ck ,
a s s lop p y
,
m u d d y gro u n d is n o t at a l l d es i r a b l e
a ro u n d a s q u ab pl an t .
W e h av e d i m en s i o n ed o u r l ayo u t so t h at i t w i l l b e an ea s y
m att er for a n y o ne to stak e o u t t he b u i ld i ngs and t h en b u i l d
t h em by t he pl a ns w h i c h we h av e r ef err ed to and w h i c h are
s h ow n el s ew h er e in t h i s book .
H O U SI N G 59
A LL EY
LA Y O UT Or PL AN T To Acco mo oAr a lo oo PAl Q S Or PiG EO Hb

lc k
-
ro
S
.
0 ‘
c c
DO C
!
-A u
was B P
- vs v v
”
0 0 0-
3 4
C H AP T ER VI
WAT E R I N G SYS T E M S
F l d W a t —D i k i g F
ou e
’
er r n n ou n t a i — B a thi g P a — C n ti
ns n ns o nu o u s Fl ow
S y t m — E xpla a ti
s e s n on of C ti on Fl w S y t m
nu ou s o s e .
i o re q u i r e qu i t e a b i t of wat er for d r i n k i ng an d bath i ng

P ge n s .
B i rd s t h at a r e b r eed i n g co n su m e e v en m or e b eca u s e of the fact

th at th ey u se a l arge a m o u n t in m i x i ng th e s q u ab s f eed in t he ’
cro p b efor e t h i s m i l ky s u b s ta n c e is d i sgorged in to th e th roat of

t h e yo u n g bi r d I t is essen ti al t h er e for e th at an ad eq u at e wat er
.
s u p pl y s ho u ld b e prov i d ed U n d er n o c i rc u m s ta n c s s h o u l d
. e
w a t er b e gi v en to p i geo ns in an op en r ec e ptacl e for i t w il l s oo n

b eco m e fo u l ed an d fo u l ed wat er w i l l do t he s am e t h ing as
fo u l ed grai n n amel y : ca u s e s i ck n ess In no ca s e s h o u l d the
,
.
b r eed er att em pt to su p pl y bath i n g an d dri n k i ng wat er fro m t h e

s a m e b at h pa n Th e b i rd s w i l l bath e in i t an d it s oo n b eco m es
.
co v ered w i t h a gr ea sy s c u m w h i ch of co u rse m ak es it total ly

u n fi t for d ri n ki n g Fo r t h e b r eed er who c a n n o t a fford to i ns tal l
.
a n a u to m at i c o r co n t in u o u s fl o w s y s t em i t is r e co mm en d ed th at ,
h e u se t h e m o s t co mm o n s y s t em o f al l — t he dri n k i n g fo u n tai n .
T h es e can b e h ad at an y po u ltry su p pl y h o u se for a n o m i n al

p r i c e an d wi l l l a s t a lo ng t i m e T h ey are m ad e of gal va n i z ed
.
i ro n in s i z es f r o m o n e p i n t o n u p to sev er al gal lo n s the o n e gal ,
lo n s i z e probabl y b ei n g t h e b est s u i t ed for t h e av era ge pen of

b i rd s T h es e fo u ntai ns prot ect t h e w at er from b ei n g fo ul ed an d
.
i f tho ro u gh l y wa s h ed in boi l i ng w at er o nc e a w eek w i l l b e

s a n i ta r y in ev ery w a y .
a n o rd i n a ry d i h pa n fo r f u r n i s h i n g bath s fo r t h e b i r d s
.
U se . s .
T h e s i z e b es t s u i t ed fo r t h i s is o n e a b o u t fi v e i n ch es d ee p an d
f r m i gh t ee n i nc h es to tw en ty i n c h es in d i am et er A bat h
o e .
W AT E RI N G SY S T E M S 61
o
Sh u l d be g i v e n in t h e se p a n s e v e r y d a y o r t w o w h e n th e
w eath er co n d i t io n s p erm i t .
It is practi ca l e co n o m y t o i n st al l a c o n t i n u b u s flow s y s t em in
h
t e p la n t j u s t a s s oo n a s po s s i b l e f o r i t is c e rta in l y a l abor
sa v er in ev e r y w a y T h i s s y s t em p ro v i d es an ev er fr es h su p pl y
.
o f w at e r a n d u s u al l y ca n b e r egu l at e d s o a s to co ns u m e
b ut
v ery l i ttl e wat er .
T he w ri t e r h a s p r e par e d a d ra w i n g f o r a co n s ta n t flow fo u n
tai n w h i c h I k now w il l gi v e enti r e sati s fact i o n if prop erl y ih

stal l e d an d o n e o n wh i c h t h e fi r s t co s t is t h e l a s t T h er e are .
9-7 !
DQ INK IHG F
O UNTAIPl F
—
O Q C OHTINUO Us F
‘
LO WWATLQIHG SY ST EM - '
- ' ‘
D r a w m b FA ilx r
’
u
” a a r J
j
r
5
no fl o at va lv es to get o u t of o rd er It b eat s c arry i ng wat er to .
t he p e n a n d m ak es t h e w r k aro u n d t h e s q u ab p l a n t mu c h
s o
m re pl eas a nt in s h rt i t d es a w a y w i t h a c erta i n a m o u n t
o ,
o o
o f d r u d g ry a n d pe vi d c l ea n c o o l w at r for t he b i rd s t o d ri n k
ro es e .
\Vh e r e t h gr u n d 0 11 w h i ch t he pl a n t is l o cat ed Sl op es d u e
e o ,
all w a n c e m u t b e m ad e to tak e c a ne of t he grad e and the pen

o
’
co ntai n i ng t h l a t f u nt a i n n t h m i fl u l i n e m u s t b e t he
e s o o e e o
h i gh s t n e t h a t t h w at 1 w i l l
o e so d 1 a i n h ack to t h e
e t
se w r if n c s a ry t
e e d ra i n t he o v e rfl w w at e r bac k in t h e
e s o o
d i rect i o n w h er e t h e mai n su ppl y st arts T he wat er in the f eed .

p i p e w il l v ery n at u ral l y flow u pward s b eca u s e of th e fact t h at

i t h as pr essu r e b eh in d it .
L et m e exp la in t h i s S y s t em B y t h e u s e of a two p ip e s y st em
.
w e get a m a in f eed p i p e an d a r et u r n m ai n E ac h fo u n tai n

.
is co n n e ct ed to t h e f eed m ai n an d to t h e r et u r n m ai n in d e
p en d entl y of th e oth er fo u n tai n s O n e m ay s h u t th e v al v es off
.
at an y fo u n ta in an d n ot d i st u rb t he flow to an y oth er fo u nta in

at an y ti m e T h i s is a d ec i d ed advan tag e W h er e t he s y st em
. .
is i ns ta l l e d an d r e ady for u se w e t u r n o n a co n trol v alv e at

t he j u n ct io n of t h e s u p pl y m a i n a n d t h e m ai n fro m t h e s tr eet ,
h av i ng p r ev io u s l y op en ed u p eac h a ngl e n eedl e v al v e at th e

fo u n ta i ns so th at th er e w i l l b e a co nsta nt dri p in to t h e fo u n
tai n s T he fo u nta i ns fi l l u p in d u e co u rs e of t i m e and as t h ey
.
do so t he o v erflo w p i p es start to f u nct io n and carry o ff the su r

p l u s w at er T h es e fo u n tai n v al v es can b e so r egu l at ed t h at It
.
w i l l b e i m po ss i bl e t o o x er fi ow a fo u n tai n T h u s t h er e is a n ev er
‘
c ea s i n g fl ow o f w at er in t he s y st em t h ro u gh t he fo u n ta ins at
a l l ti m es u nt i l w e cu t o ff t h e co n trol val v es In t h is w a y a .
fr es h cool and cl ea n su p p l y of wat er is ev er b e for e th e b ird s .
B v t h e co n stru cti o n of t h es e fo u n tai n s t h e b i rd s ca nn ot fo u l

t h e w at er in an y w a y w h a t s o ev er as th ey ca nn o t get to t h e
w at er o nl y to dri n k i t .
T h e f eed a nd r et u r n m ai n s s h o u l d b e b u ri ed fro m t w e lv e to
e i gh t een i n c h es accord i n g to t h e fr eez i n g d ept h in an y loca lity .
T h e fo u n tai n is so co n s tr u ct ed t h at it can b e l ift ed away fro m

t h e s u p pl y p i p e a n d u p fro m t h e r et u r n p i p e in ord er t h at w e
can t ak e i t o u t a n d scal d i t t h oro u g h l y T h i s is a m ig h ty good
.
i d ea T h en too by r emov i ng the fo u n ta in as I h av e j u st men

.
,
t i n e d t h e r e a r n o co nnect i o ns t o b e loo sen ed w i t h a wr en c h

o ,
e ,
w e can s l i p t h e b a th pan u n d er t h e su p pl y p i p e and fi l l it for

t he bat h .
It is m y O pi n i o n t h at t h i s s y s t em w i l l b e a gr ea t b ein t o any
'
b reed er th at can i ns tal l it It sh o u l d n ot co st so v er y mu c h at

. .
th i t i m f r t h pl u m b i ng m at r i al s n c essa ry for its i nstall a

s e, o e e e
t i o n ha v e go ne d w n in pri c e co ns i d erab l y
o .
C H AP T ER V II
MATI N G
S bj c t \V h y
u e ort of M ch C
u ons i d a ti
er on — T wo M th d
e o s, N a t al
ur and
F c d Di c
or e , s u sse d.
T h i s is prob ab l y on e of t h e m o st i m porta n t su bj ect s c o nn ect ed

w i t h p i geo n breed i ng an d su rel y o n e t h at is wort h y of a gr ea t
d eal of co n s i d erati o n both b y t h e i n ex p eri en c ed a n d t h e ex
p er ie n ce d br e e d e r To m y m i n d i t
. i s o n e of t h e po in t s co n c er n
in g t h e br eed i n g of p i geo n s t h at w e can alway s l ear n so m et h in g

a b o u t an d yet w e i n v a riabl y fi n d v ery l i ttl e att en t io n pa id to it
a m o ng a gr eat m an y breed ers es p ec i al l y a m o n g ow n ers of com
m ercia l s q u ab pl a n t s .
D r A F W h e l a n t h e n ot e d M alt ese br eed er of Ka n s a s C i t y

'
'
. . .
, ,
m ak es a v ery em p h ati c an d t r u e stat em en t in his art icl e H ig h .
C la ss M al t e s e Seco n d to N o n e in t h e Am eri ca n P i geo n J o u r n al

, ,
M a y 1 9 2 0 i s su e w h en h e s ay s : M at i n g prop erl y is h al f of t h e
“
, ,
battl e t he s tock is t he oth er h al f T h er e w as n ev er a tru er

,
.
s ta t em e nt c o n c er n i n g p i geo ns pu t i n t o pri nt tha n th i s o n e

, ,
T he .
pro gen y of t h e b est stock in t h e worl d m ay b e r u i ned and m ad e

total l y u n fit for breedi n g i f t h ey ar e c ar el essl y m at ed y ear aft er
y ea r Y et h ow o ft en w e see b r eed e rs goi ng o n i n d efi n i t el y al
.
l o w i ng t h ei r s tock to m at e u p pro m i sc u o u s l y tr u st i ng to S h eer ,
l u ck that t he r esu l t w i l l p r v e a h a pp y o n e o .
T h ere a re t w o m et h od s o f m at i n g p i g eo n s O ne is w h at is .
t e rm ed t h e n at u ra l m at i n g an d t h e o th er is w h at is k now n as
fo rce d m ati ng W e w i l l fi r st d i s c u ss t h e n at u ral s y st em T h
. .
b reed er pl ac s a few cock s an d h en s in o n e pen and al low s t h em

e
to r m ai n th e re t o geth e r fo r a w ee k o r t e n d ay s
e T h e d es i r e .
to ma t b i ng b r n in t h e bi rd s t h e y w i l l v e r v n at u ral l v b egi n
e e o
64 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
to l ct t h e i r m at es an d pai r o ff an d w i l l soo n star t b il l ing

se e
an d coo i ng a n d v ery p roba b l y s tart a n es t T h ey h ax e t h ere . .
fore m at ed j u st as th ey w o u l d h a v e do n e h ad th ey n ev er b een
,
co n fi n ed b u t of t h at cla ss th at fl y at l ar ge W e a l low t h em to go .
a h ead w i th t h e i r fi rst set of eggs a n d d u r i n g t h i s ti m e w e s t u d y

each pai r car e f u l l y to see that th ey a r e prop erl y s u i t ed t o eac h
o th er t o prod u c e t h e b es t r es u lt s p o s i bl e If th e y ar e o su i t e d s . s
w e c atc h th em o n e by o n e a n d p lac e t h e p r op er l eg ba n d s o n
L A C E D \V I N G O R SP A N G L E D P O LISH LY N X
‘
Ph t f m E d w m
o o ro K w l B al ti m Md no es. o re , .
th ei r l egs gi v i ng e ac h p a i r a d i ff er en t n u m b ered ba nd fro m

,
m y o th er p a i r a nd e n t er o n o u r r ecord s t h e n u m b ers o n t h e
, ,
ba n d s a n d t he pa r n t a ge r ec o rd Fo r exa m pl e : Su p po s e w e
. e .
n u m b e r a pai r t w e lv e w h i t e S u pp o s e th a t t h e c o ck b i rd in th is
.
pai r w a b ed f m p a i tw en ty s ix y e l l w a nd t he h en fro m
s r ro r -
o
titt n blu
ee Th n um b
e . ar e nt e r d o n t h e r ecord S h ee t s
ese e rs e e
fo r o u n w pai r t w l v
r e w h i t e a nd th i s i n for m at io n at o n e
e e .
e ta b l i s h
s th pa nt a g r c d I n al l ca ses w e ba nd th e
es e re e e or .
c c k u t h ri g ht l g a nd t h h n n t h l ft n O n t he th r
o
-
o e e e e o e e o e . o e
h a nd u pp w fi nd a pa i m at d t h a t a r n t s u i t ed to e a c h
s o se e r e e . o
o t h r in t h a t t h v a
e b t h w k in t h a m e e ct i ns “7 0
e re o ea e s s o .
s h u ld 1 e n 1 l e i th at w h n t w b i rd s w i t h t he s a me w eak ness
' ‘
o 1e 1 1 1 e o
66 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BR EED I N G
of th e coop H er e h e su p p l ies t h em w it h gra m wa ter

m at i n g .
,
a n d h eal t h gri t h av i n g o n l y o n e co n ta in er for t h e gra in so t h at

,
in e at ing t h ey w i l l get acc u s to m ed to e ac h ot h er I f th ese b ird s .
fi gh t at fi rs t s ep a r at e th em m ov in g o ne or t he ot h er to an oth er
,
coo p for a day P u t th em back to get h er at t h e es pir ation of t h is

.
ti m e an d l et t h em r em ai n t h er e tog et her for a few day s nev er ,
p u tt ing t h e two b i rd s in th e s am e s i d e of t h e coop As a g eneral .
r u l e th e twob i rd s so tr eat ed w il l m at e I f you see t h em k issing .
an d b i l l i n g t h ro u gh t h e s l att ed p art it io n you m ay t h en pu t
t h em in t h e T es t P en an d al low t h em to start t o work

“
, .
W atc h t h em cl o sel y an d s h o u l d th ey not s tart b u il d in g a n est -
in a few d a y s try t h em in th e m ati ng coop aga in or searc h for

.
oth er b i rd s to m at e t h em w i t h I f h ow ev er t h ey go t o work .
, ,
w h en p l ac ed in t he T est P en l et t h em rai se a pai r of s q u ab s

“ ”
ba n d t h em prop erl y an d t h en p l ac e t h em in th e br eed ing loft s

or sel l t h em as you m ay w is h B efor e sell i n g yo u ng m at ed p a irs
.
of t h i s k i n d w e wo u l d adv i se l etti ng t h em ra ise more t h a n on e

pai r of s q u ab s so t h at you m ay m ak e su r e t h at t h ey are r eal l y
m at ed corr ectl y an d r eady to b e s ol d .
I f for an y r ea s o n a m at ed p ai r in t h e br eed i ng loft s do no t

, ,
work so w el l tog eth er try r em at i ng t h em w i t h ot h er b ird s by

u s i n g t h e m ati n g coop the c ock w i th a stran g e h en an d t h e
,
h en w i t h a stra n ge cock b i rd So m eti m es t h i s w i l l work v ery

.
n i c el y
“
I n m ati n g p i geo n s w e can w i t h t h e u se of a l i ttl e p a t i en c e

, , ,
sec u r e prop e r colori n g corr e ct s i z e an d br eed t h em to a sta n dard

,
b u t i t m u s t b e do n e w i th s o m e r e a so n back of it al l Su ppo s e .
w e h av e a br eed w h o se s ta n da r d call s for a w el l ro u n d ed sk u l l .
We h av e an exc el l en t cock b i rd th at is s tro n g in s k u l l secti o n

and w eak in br eadth of b ack an d w e al so h av e a h en w it h a
v er y w i d e back an d not so good a s k u l l secti o n If th ese two .
b i rd s ar e mat ed to geth er w e w i l l get o n e or two yo u ngst ers

t h at w i l l b e a h app y m ed i u m IIow ev er w er e e i t h er o f t h ese .
,
b i rd s m at ed to oth ers t h at w ere w eak in the s a m e secti o ns ou r

t i me wo u l d h av e b een wa st ed for the yo u ng s t ers v ery l i k el y
.
i n h eri t t h e s a m e d ef ect s an d p robabl y b e worse t h a n the
MAT I N G 67
paren t s in th e d ef ecti v e secti o n s or sectio n b ecau s e w e h av e .
n ot m at ed t h e b i rd s so th at w e m a y ov erco m e t h e d e f ect . T h er e
for e in ord er to i m prov e o u r stock w e mu st u se t h i s m et h od
,
of m at i ng at al l t i m es C ar l ess and in corr ect m at i ng wi l l av a il

. e
n ot h i ng an d ti m e w i ll b e w a st ed .
O f co u rs e w e m u s t ap pl y t h e s a m e m eth od o f m ati n g wh en
w e a r e br eed i n g for color . To get t h e prop er color in p i geo ns
v ery oft en r e q u i r es t h e m o st car ef u l s t u dy o n t h e par t of th e
b r eed e r
. L et n oth i n g es c ap e yo u r att en ti o n w h en s u mm i n g u p
t he r es u l t s f r o m yo u r m ati n gs b u t b e v e ry ob ser va n t a n d u s e
,
rea so n i ng I f v o u do n ot obtai n th e d es i r ed col ori n g in o n e

.
mat i ng go at i t a gai n a nd in oth er w ay s u n t i l yo u d o s u cc eed .
T h i s f eat u r e o f t h e b u s i n es s r eq u i res p ersev era n c e b u t it is t h e

o n l y m eth od b y w h i c h yo u can attai n yo u r goal . C o lor in b i rd s
t hat a re p rod u c i n g s q u ab s s tri ctl y fo r co mm erc i al p u rpo ses do es
no t a mo u n t to v er v m u c h b u t i t do es in b i rd s th at ar e br ed
fo r ex h i b it i o n
.
C H AP T E R V 1 1 1
B AN D I N G
T yp es of L eg Ba dn s — R c d
e or in g Ba dn N um b er s — S e a m l es s Ba d
n s
O p Ba d
en n s.
L eg b a n d s of s o m e d es cri pt io n ar e al m o s t a n ec essit y in t he
w el l r egu l at ed and m od ern p i g eo n p l a n t b e it sm al l or l arg e ,
.
It is w i th t h e ai d of th es e l ittl e m ark er s t hat w e k n ow m at ed

p ai rs t h e loft s in w h i c h t h ey b elo ng and th e p aren ta ge of th e
,
s q u ab s et c , .
T h er e are two ty p es of l eg ba n d s n a m el y : t h e s ea m l ess ,
ba n d an d t h e op en b a n d T h e se a m l ess b a n d is u su al l y m ad e
.
of th i n al um i nu m an d is as t h e n a m e i m p l ies m ad e wit hou t

, ,
“
a sea m T h i s ba n d is p l ac ed o n th e s q u a b s l eg d u rin g t he
.
'
fi rs t six o r e i ght day s of its l i f e a n d i t is th e m ark by w h i c h

t h e age pa r en ta ge et c of t h e s q u a b m a y b e tol d at an y f u t u r e
, ,
.
,
dat e To ap p l y th i s b a n d tak e the to es o f th e s q u ab on one

.
foot an d cl o se th em to geth er t h en s l i p t h e ba n d ov er t he to es
,
u p o n to t h e l eg C ar e s h o .u l d b e tak en to get t h e b a n d o n
b efore t he foot an d l eg of th e s q u ab get s too l arge T h i s ba n d .
s ho u l d b e ar a s eri al n u m b er an d m ay al so b e ar t h e i n it ial s o f
t h e o w n er a nd abov e al l t h e v e ar d at e O n m or e v al u ab l e .
s p e c i m ens a ba n d m a n u fact u r ed for a n d sol d b y t h e Am erica n
P i geo n C l u b o r t h e N ati o n a l P i geo n A ss oci at io n sh o u l d b e

u se d a s m o s t s h o w s r eq u i r e al l yo u n g b i rd s to w e ar t h ese ba n d s
b efore th ey w i l l b e al l ow ed to en t er co m p eti t io n .
H av i ng ba n d ed t he sq u ab a r ecord is m ad e i mmed iat el y o f

t h e n u m b er sh ow i ng o n t h e r ecord en try w h at t h e n u m b er s
,
of th e par en t s are th e dat e th e s q u a b w as h atc h ed etc L at er

, , .
o n as t h e s ex o f t h e sq u ab b eco m es k no w n i t is ehtered o n '
t he r ecord s for f u t u r e r ef er en c e .
B A N DI N G 9
Seaml es s ba n d s serv e oth er p u rpo ses as w el l T h ey can b e

.
r el ied u p o n to p rov e ow ner sh i p in c a se a b i rd is stol en I n .
ca se a b ird is so l d a co m pl et e d escri pti o n can b e gi v en o f the

b ird w earing a c ertai n n u m b er b a n d an d t h e p u rc h a ser is
g iv en a c h a n c e to see t h at h e is gett i ng t h e b ird as r epr esen t ed
b y th e sel l er I f a breed er m ak es a good w in at a s how an d
.
o ff er ed a h a n d so m e su m for a c ertai n pri z e b i rd an d v ish es t . o
I T IS A PI G E O N — A R U S SI A N T R U MP E T E R
Ph t f m F A R m m l ! B al ti m
o o ro . . o e , Md
o re , .
se l l i t t he p u rch a ser can c h ec k him u p b y sec u ri n g the ba n d

n u m b er fro m t h e s how s ecr etary a n d prov e to h is ow n s ati s
factio n t h at he is g etti n g the bi rd that r eal l y w o n i t end s .

t
to m ak e d eal i ngs mor e s ati s factory in ev er y w ay .
Th e op en ba n d is u s u al l y m ad e of al u m i n u m an d c e l l u lo i d .
T h e b es t k n ow n ba n d s o f th i s k i n d a re t he B o u r n e B i g n u m
”
.
T he E C Z T he E a s y O n a nd C o l o ro id
- -
,
T h ese ba nd s co me in
.
a n a ss ort m ent of color s an d in a w i d e ra nge of n u m b er s E ac h .
pen s h o u l d h av e a c ertai n co l or al lott ed to i t a nd al l b i rd s in

70 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BRE ED I N G
t h at pen ban d ed w it h b a n d s of t h i s color Th e m al e b i rd is

.
ba n d ed on t he ri g h t l eg an d th e f em al e on th e l eft l eg T he .
r ea so n for h av i ng a d i ff eren t colo r b a n d for eac h pen is to en abl e

t h e br eed er to get a b ird back i n to h is corr e ct pen s h o u l d on e
E ac h p ai r w ears a d i ff er en t n u m b er ed ba n d in al ‘
get o u t .
ca ses T h ese ba n d s are th e m ea n s b y w h i c h th e br eed i ng r ec

.
ord s ar e k ept N o b i rd s sh o u l d b e al low ed to r em ai n u n ba n d ed

.
at an y t im e T h e br eed er th at do es n ot k eep his b i rd s acc u rat el y

.
ba nd ed can n ev er h op e to k eep his r ecord s s tra igh t .
M O DE N A
P h t f
o o ro m H W B a tt
. . rne , O akla d C al i f
n , .
C H APT E R IX
"
SY ST E M ATI C AN D A C C U R AT E R E CO RD K EE PI N G
Sh o w ngi t M ak
up P d D
r ofi — R c d Sh t — R c d f
er s an r o ne s e or ee s e or o
Ev y P a i w i ll b W a t d— R c d V al abl i Sh w i g R u l t
er r e n e e or s u e n o n es s
of M a ti g—E x hi b iti
n R c d on e or s .
O ne of t he m o st ess enti al d u ti es o f a br eed er is to instal l and

k eep s y st em at i c r ecord s N ot o n l y mu st a gen eral re cord b e
.
k ept of c ertai n pai rs b u t h e mu st h av e tru e in fo rm at io n at

h a n d to s how po s i t i v el y w h at eac h and ev ery p a ir of b i rd s
is prod u c i n g .
To real i z e a ret u rn o n t he i n v est m en t w e mu st k no w w h at

part o f t he b u s i n ess is pay i n g a n d w h at part is n ot Th e o n l y .
m et h od in t he p ig eo n b u s i n ess by w h i c h w e can do t h i s is to k ee p
c aref u l and acc u rat e acco u n t s or r ecord s Not al l p i geo ns .
prod u c e eno u g h s q u ab m eat in a y ear to p ay for t h eir k eep

an d r et u r n s o m e profi t O t h er s do t h i s
. An acc u rat el y k e pt .
set of r ecord s w i l l sh ow po s i t i v e l y w h i c h ar e t h e p ro fi t m ak er s
a nd w h i c h ar e th e dro n es .
I h av e pr e p ar ed draw i ng s s h ow i n g w h at I b el iev e to b e a
v ery good r ecord sh eet T h ese s h o u l d b e pri n t ed on a good
'
q u al i ty o f p ap er t he br eed i ng r ecord b ei ng on on e s i d e of t he
,
s h eet an d th e yo u n gst er r ecord o n th e ot h er s i d e H a\ e th em .
pri n t ed in s h eet s to fi t a n i c e loo s e l eaf b i nd er and yo u h av e

t he v e ry th i ng for th i s p u rpo se E ac h p ai r in th e p l a n t t h er e
. .
f o re ha s its o w n r ec o r d for o ne y ear righ t w h er e th e br eed er

,
ca n s ee i t a t a gl a n c e T h en too h e k n ow s ex actl y w h at b eco m es

.
o f th ff s p ri ng o f t h i pai r w h at b a n d t h e y w ear t o w hat

e o s ,
s ,
bi rd t h e y a re m at ed an d w h er e to look for the br eed i n g r ecord

s
o f ea c h f t he y o u n g t e rs aft e r t h e y h av e m at ed
o s A gl a nc e at .
o u r r e c rd s h ee t a n d w e fi n d e xactl y w h e r e eac h b i rd cam

o '
72 P R O FI TA BLE P I G E O N BR E E DI N G
fro m It sh ow s j u st h ow m an y s q u ab s w er e k ill ed sav ed and

.
,
b a n d ed etc T h u s at t he end of the y ear w e see j u st w h at an y

, .
an d e v ery pa ir is do in g I f any p art ic u l ar pa ir h as ra ised t en

.
pa irs of squ ab s w e k n ow th e y are mo ney m ak ers and we sav e

t h em for t h at p u rpo se If an y p art ic u l ar p a ir sh ow s a total o f
.
o n l y fo u r p ai rs o f s q u ab s w e k n ow t h at th ey ar e dro n es and
w e do n ot wa nt t h em so w e app l y t h e h atc h et an d m ak e a not
o f it o n th e r ecord sh eet Su pp o se a p a ir la y s two eggs ev ery
.
P O LISH L Y N X
Ph t f
o o ro m H W B a n tt O akla d C al i f
. . r e ,
n , .
mont h x c ept fo u r and o n l y one or two eggs h atc h b u t o u r

e
r ecord s s h ow no n ot e of brok en eggs W e see at a gl a n c e t h at

.
s o m et h i ng is wro n g an d w e i n v esti gat e If bot h b i rd s ar e a p

.
paren t ly al l ri gh t w e r em at e t h em to fi n d o u t w h er e t h e t i o u b l e
is. I n t h i s w ay w e get ri gh t dow n to h ard bo i l ed f a ct s b eca us e
w e m u st h av e th ese fact s in ord er to k now w h at b i rd s are t he
profi t abl e o n es T h ere is no argu m ent a gai ns t s y s t em ati c rec
.
ord s T he m a n w ho do es no t k eep t h em c a nnot t el l w h at his

.
bi rd s are doi ng H e m i g h t b e abl e to t el l you h ow m a ny s q u ab s

.
his two h u nd r ed pai rs prod u c ed in o ne y ear and h ow mu c h he

PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BR E E DI N G
S Y S T E M AT IC AN D A CC U R AT E R E C O RD K E E PI N G 75
th is pa r t i c u l ar pai r C o m pa re th ese an d s t u d y t h e resu l t s o f

.
v o u r m at i n gs It is b eyo n d t h e co m pre h ensio n of th e writ er

.
how so m a n y b r eed ers can go o n y ear aft er y ea r an d k eep n o

re cord s at all .
An ot h er po i n t w h i l e w e a r e o n t h e s u b j e ct of r ecord k ee p i n g .
L et u s l ook at o u r r ecord s h e et a gai n an d i f w e w a n t to k n ow

wh at b i rd of o u rs w o n at a c er tai n s how w e can fi n d it wri tt en
t h er e b e fore u s E v en a n e x h i b i ti o n r ecord is k ept to t el l u s
.
in b lac k an d w h i t e w h at o u r bi r d s a r e do i n g .
To th e br eed ers w h o k eep n o r e co r d s at all and w h o flo u n d er

aro u n d in t h e da r k let me s a y t h at yo u ar e m ak ing a v ery
seri o u s m i s tak e i f yo u do n o t k ee p th em It m ak es n o d i ff er en c e
. ,
if v o u ar e a pa st m a s t er at m i x i n g a n d prop erl y b al a n c i n g pig

eo n f eed s w h eth er or n ot yo u k n ow b es t in t h e worl d h ow to
,
m ark et s q u ab s etc u n l ess yo u k n ow wh at e ac h an d ev ery

,
.
,
p ai r of yo u r b ird s are do i ng yo u ca nn ot tru t h f u l ly say w h i c h

are d es i rabl es an d wh i c h a re n o n— d es i rabl es an d yo u ca nnot
,
fi n d o u t t h es e th i n gs w i t h o u t t h e pro p er r e cord s If y ou r p l a n t
.
is n o t payi n g by al l m ea n s i n stal l r ecord s at o n c e a n d get to

t he v ery botto m o f th in g s R em em b er t h at t h e m an wh o s u c
.
c oed s n ev er l et s a n yth i n g sta n d in his w ay to ov erco m e th at

w h i c h h o ld s him b ack in b u s i n ess Ins tal l a s y st em of r ecord s
.
a nd fi n d t h e tro u b l e an d t h en act accord i ngl y .
I wo n d er h ow m a n y of u s r e al i z e w h at m ad e t h e two h u n dr ed
egg h en ! T h e a u thor ca n w el l r em em b er w h en sh e w as a n
u n h e ard of t h i ng P rop e r f eed i n g an d h a n dl i n g d i d a gr eat
.
d eal b ut I am i ncl i ne d to th i n k th at t h e tra p nes t d id t h e m aj or .
pa rt o f it T h i s t r ap nes t s h o w ed its o w n er w h i c h h en l ai d an d
.
w h i ch o n e d i d n o t l l e co r d s w er e k e pt a l s o a nd b etw een t h e two

.
t he l arge egg y i e l d er s w er e s el ect ed a n d br e d fro m a n d in t u r n

th ei r da u gh t ers w ere t rap n est ed and r ecord ed and w it h t h e
.
i nv al u abl e a ss i s ta n c e of r ecord s w e h av e t h o u s a nd s o f two

h u n d re d egg h ns in Am r i c a t d a y w i th t he b r ed ers w o rk i ng
e e o e
h ard fo r t he th ree h u nd red egg h e n \Vh at sy t em at ic r ecord s

. s
hav e do ne fo r p o u l try i t w i l l d o for pi geo n s—it w i l l pi c k t h e
profi t prod u c ers a n d s how u p t he d ro n es .

C H AP TE R X
M O UL TI N G
E xpla a ti
n on of M l t— S pa a ti
t he ou e f M al
r on d F m al
o es D i g an e es ur n
th M
e l t— C a D i g t h M l ti g P i d
ou re ur n e ou n er o .
T h er e is a p eri od in eac h y ear w h en al l of the f eat h er ed tr ib e

s h e d t h e i r f e ath er s an d tak e o n n ew o n es T h i s proc ess o f .
s h edd i n g is n at u ral an d is w h at is k n ow n as m o u lt in g T h e .
m o u l t co m es d u ri n g t h e l a s t of t he su mm er m o n t h s an d it is
d u ri ng th i s t im e t h at the b i rd s u n d ergo a t errib l e bod il y stra in .
T h er efor e ev ery pr eca u t io n s h o u l d b e tak en on t h e pa t o f t h e

, ,
r
b reed er to k eep h is b i r d s in th e v er y b est co n d iti o n po ss i bl e at

,
th i s sea so n o f t h e y ear The writ er has al w ay s b een v ery l i b eral

.
in f ee d i n g h em p s eed an d gol d en m i l l et d u rin g th e m o u l t an d

h as fo u n d th ese two grai n s o f gr eat v al u e in to n i n g u p t h e b ird s .
So m e br eed er s adv i se t h e se p arati o n o f t h e m al es an d f em al es

d u ri n g t h e m o u l t pref erri n g to k ee p th em fro m br eed i n g d u ri ng
,
t h i s ti m e T h i s m ay w el l b e p r acti c ed on a sm al l scal e b u t
.
w h ere on e is op erati ng a l a rge co mm er ci al s q u ab p l a nt i t wo u ld

b e u n wi se i n d eed to att em pt s u c h a t h i ng N ot al l b ird s w il l
.
br eed d u ri ng t he m o u lt b u t t h o s e t h at do s ho u l d b e c ar ef u l l y
cared for and n ot sti nt ed in t h e i r f eed .
T h e fir st f eat h er s to b e m o u lt e d a re u su all y t h e w i n g feat h er s

,
t h en th e tai l f eat h er s an d l a stl y t h e bod y f eat h er s D u r ing th e .
mo u l t a p i geo n l i k e a c h i ck en u s u al l y pr es en t s a m o st u n
, ,
s ig h tl y ap p eara n c e b u t t h e n ov i c e n ee d n ot b e al armed as t h i s
is n at u r e s m et h od o f gi v i n g e ac h bi rd a n ew set of f eat h ers

’
D u ri n g t h e m o u l t t h e bi rd s s ho u l d r ec e i v e m or e t h a n u su al
att enti o n T h e i r loft s s h o u l d b e k e pt in a s a n itary co n d i ti o n
.
,
pl ent y of fresh h e alt h gri t p ro v i d ed a l u m p of rock sa l t sho u l d

.
MO U L T IN G 77
be on t hegro und of ev er y fl y and a bat h s h o u l d b e m ad e re ady

for th e b ird s ev e ry da y A good to n i c for t he b i rd s d u ri n g the
.
m o u l t is g ent ian w h ic h s ho u l d b e p lac ed in t h e dri n k i n g wa ter

abo u t tw ic e a w eek C are s h o u l d b e tak en to see t h at th e b i rd s
.
r ec eiv e food th at is es p ec i al l y h i gh in prot ei n at t h i s ti m e .
SE V E RA L P E N S OF W HI T E
K I N G S SIL V E R K I N G S H O R U N E AU X
A N D CR E S T E D BI O N D A I N E S
, ,
Ph t f m P a l W y E l m h t C al if
o o ro u e er, u rs , .
C H AP TER XI
PRI N CIPLE S AN D PR A CTIC E S O P PIGE O N B RE E D I N G
P i c i pl
r n e s- Va ia t i — A t av i m — C t a m i a ti — P p t cy— Li k B e
r on s on n on re o en e
g t e s Li k — P ac ti c — V i g — B i ld i g p a St a — I néb d i g
e r es or u n u r in r ee n
Li ne B d i g— Li B d i g Ch a t— D c i p ti
ree n ne r ee f L in B
n d i ng r es r on o t e ree
Ch a r t— Li B d i g
ne ree Aff c ti g Sq ab P d c i g Bi d — O t
n as e n u ro u n r s u
C ro s s n i g .
P RIN C IP LES
In br eed i ng p i geo ns w e sh o u l d n ot b e co n t en t wi t h Ju st m at
ing u p o u r b i rd s or al low i n g t h em to m at e p r o m i c u o u sl y s .
T h er e are c ertai n pri n c i p l es p ertai n i n g to breed i n g w h ic h ap pl y

to p ig eo ns an d wh i c h eff ect bot h o u r n at u ral an d fo rced an at
i n gs W e s h o u ld s t u d y t h ese pri n c i p l es w atc h t h em w o rk o u t
.
,
in o u r loft s a n d m ak e u s e of t h em or t ry to o v er co m e t h e i r i l l
e ff ect s a s t h e c a s e m a v b e B y doi n g so w e ca n acco m p l is h
.
mu c h toward b ett eri ng ou r stock A p par en tl y t h e br eed i n g o f .
p i geo n s is an ea sy ta s k an d so m e ar e co n t en t to b el i ev e t h i s .
H ow e v e r to pro d u c e h i g h grad e s p eci m en s is n o t su c h a n ea s y

,
m att e r i f it w ere e v eryo n e co u l d a n d probabl y wo u l d do s o

, ,
.
B u t i f t h e br eed e r s wo u l d br eed th ei r b i rd s alo n g m or e d e fi n i t e

l i nes and no t tr u s t to s h eer l u ck ou r s h ow roo m s w o u l d b e
fi l l ed w i th far s u p eri or s p ec i m en s an d o u r co mmerci al s q u ab
pl a nt s w o u ld s h i p far b ett er s q u a b s to m a rk et t h a n t h ey are now
doi ng .
I n m ak i n g a car e f u l s t u dy o f t h i s s u bj ect I b e l i e v e t h at t h
f o ll o w i ng a re t h e m o s t i m porta n t p r i n c i pl es th at w e are co n
c er n ed wi t h in p i geo n breed i n g :
1 V ar iat i o n
. .
Ata v i s m
9
.
3 C o n t a m i na ti o n
. .
D R IN C IPLE S AN D PR A C T IC E S OF PI G E O N BR E E DI N G 79
r epot ency
4 . P .
5 L i k e B eg et s L i k e
. .
I h av e n o t att em pt ed to el aborat e o n t h i s su bj ect b u t h av e set

fort h a few s hort ex pl a n at i on s of t he abov e pri n c i p l es as I u n
d er st an d th em a n d t h ese s h o u ld b e of s o m e h el p to th e n ov i c e
a n d t h e ol d er br eed er al i k e .
V A RIA T IO N : I n s p eak i ng of v ari at io n as ap p l ied to t h e

br eed ing o f p i geo n s w e m ea n th e d i ff er en c e b etw een t he yo u ng
s t er s o f t h e s a in e pai r of b i rd s a n d t h e d i ff er en c e b etw een t h e
yo u n gst ers and t h e i r par ent s \Ve app r ec i at e t h e fact th at a .
p ai r o f p i geo ns do es n ot alway s t h ro w th e s am e s i z e yo u ng st ers ,
th e sa m e s h ap ed yo u n gst ers —an d in t h e color ed br eed s is t h i s

es p ec ial l y tr u e a s r egard s t h e col or of t h e o ff s p rin g Fo r e x .
a m p l e w e k n ow th at C ar nea u x do n ot alw ay s t h row th e s ame

s had e of r ed or y e l low in t h e i r o ff s p r i ng t h e co lor ra n gi n g fro m ,
a l i g h t sh ad e to a dark er on e So m eti mes t h i s v ari at io n is v ery .
s l i g h t s o m et i m es i t is v ery pro n o u n c ed
, N ot lo n g ago I v i sit ed .
t h e pl a n t o f a br eed er w h o s h ow ed m e a pai r of K in g s t h at at
ti m es wo u ld t h row a cl ea n l eg s q u ab an d a f eat h er ed leg s q u ab
in t h e s a m e n es t an d a gai n bot h s q u ab s wo u l d b e cl ea n l eg
o nes O f co u r se in a gr eat m a n y pai rs w e do n ot fi n d the pri n
.
cipl e of v ari at io n w ork i n g to so m ark ed a d egr ee .
Agai n w e see t he vari at io n in t h e yo u n g st er s as co m par ed

w i t h t h e par en t s W e m ay see t h i s in typ e col or s i z e et c T h e
.
, , , .
yo u ngst er s m ay d i ff er to a m ark ed d egr ee in typ e and b e ei t h er

b ett er o r w ors e in th i s t h an ei t h er o f th e par ent s T h ey m ay .
b e l i ght e r o r d ark er in sh ad e o f colori n g t h a n t h e par en t s .
V a r i at io n is o ne pri n c i pl e in br eed i ng th at al low s u s to ov erco m e

fa u lt s in o m b i rd a nd o n t he o th er h a n d i t is o ne of c h i e f
s e s
r a o ns w h y w e h a v e to cu l l so c lo sel y \V h en w e sel ect

e s .
s p e c i me ns w h i c h s h o w a m ark ed va r i ati o n for t he b ett er t h en

w are n the r i g ht r a d b c a u
o e w a r re a l i zi ng o u r ho p
o e f se e e e o
b u i ld i ng u p u r st o ck o .
l y a tm i n i m a nt a v r i n o r breed i ng
s i s e re e s o
h a c k H re W fi n d c ta i n f u lt a pp a i ng in t h o ff s pri ng
. e e er a s e r e
t hat w re pr v a l n t in t h i r a n c
e e t y th o u gh d i st a n
e e tl y rcnio v ed es r
80 P R O FI T A BLE I
P G E O N B RE E D I N G
or se ev ral g eneratio ns back in th e l ine It d oes not nec essaril y .
m ea n j u st b ack to the par en t s b u t ev en o n b ack to t h e gr eat

gr eat gra n dp ar en t s A s an ex am pl e of t h is w e see t h e W h it e
.
K in g s w i t h f eat h ers on t h eir l egs an d somet im es aft er car ef u l l y

i n v es ti gati ng t h e matt er w e fi n d t h at t h ei r par en t s w er e c l ea n
l eg s p e c i m en s T h es e f eath ers com e from r elat ed s p ec i m ens
.
s e v e ral gen erati o ns b ack in t h e l in e yet a m aj ori ty of W h it e
K i ngs s h o w cl ea n l egs an d w e br eed t h em to get su c h l egs .
C O N T A M IN AT IO N : I n br eed i n g pi geo ns th er e is v ery l i tt l e

c h an c e i f any for co nta m i n at i o n d u e to t h e fact th at p i geo ns
, ,
m at e in p air s and r em ai n so m at ed a s l o n g as th ey l i v e u n l ess

t h ey ar e separat ed b y m an Th ey are fai th f u l to th eir m at es
.
a nd in m y ex p eri en c e I h av e b u t o n c e k n o w n o r se en a f em al e
of a m at ed pai r of p i geo ns r ec e i v e ser v i c e fro m a m al e ot h er

th a n h er m at e In t h i s ca se b ot h bi r d s w er e of t h e sa m e br eed
. .
Fo r co n ta m i n ati o n to tak e p l ac e in p i geo n s t h e m al e an d f em al e

m u s t b e of d iff er en t br eed s o r v ari eti es Su c h co n ta m i nati o n .
as t h i s wo u ld of co u r se r es u lt in a c r o ss br ed o ff s pri ng T h er e
-
.
is n o n eed o f w orry o n t h e pa r t of t h e br eed er co n c er n i n g co n

t am in at io n in p i geo n s a s lo n g a s h e k eep s u n m at e d pai r s of
d i ff er ent breed s separat ed .
P R EPO T E N C Y : T h i s is o n e o f t h e pri n c i pl es o f b r eed i n g

abo u t w h i c h w e rarel y ev er see a n yth i ng wri tt en or s carc el y
ev e r h ear o f in co nn ecti o n w i t h p i geo ns C ertai n l y th er e ar e .
prepot ent p i geo ns In oth er word s t h er e are c ertai n sp ec i mens

.
in e v ery l oft of any s i z e w h i c h h av e t h at pow er o f tra nsm itti ng

to or sta m p i ng on t h ei r o ff s pri ng c ertai n c h aract eri sti c s Fo r .
exa m pl e : T h er e are b i rd s w h i c h ex c el l in br eed i n g q u al i ti es
an d i f t h e y h av e t he po w e r to tra n sm i t t h ese q u al i t i es to t h ei r
o ff s pri ng t h en w e wo u l d s ay t h at t h ey are pr epot en t in t h at

res p ect T he d egr ee in w h i ch bi rd s are prep o t ent of co u r e
. s
v a r i es W e m i gh t h av e b i rd s th at a re ex c el l en t in co lo r a nd
.
w h i ch tra n m i t t h i s qu a l it y t
s n l v a few f th e i r
o o ff p ri ng o o s .
Th b i rd a re p r p t n t in a le r d eg r e O n t h th r h a nd
es e s , e o e sse e . e o e
w m i g ht h a v
e b i rd w h i c h a
. e x c l l n t in c l r w h i c h t ra n
s re e e e o o s
m it th i s q u al i ty t t he gr ea t e r p o rti o n f t h i r o ff p ri ng T h s e
o o e s . e
82 PRO FI TA BL E PI G E O N B R EE D IN G
T IC E S PRA C
J u st as t h ere are c ertai n p r i n c i pl es of br eed i n g so are

t h ere c er tai n p r act i c es T h ese pract i c es are for t he pu r .
po s e o f m aki n g u se of th e p ri n ci p l es w h i c h h av e good eff ect s u p

o n t h e br eed i n g o f o u r b i rd s an d for t he e l i m i n ati o n of t h e b ad
eff ect s of t h e ot h er s K nowi n g or un d er sta n d i ng t h e v ario u

.
p r i n c i pl es w e s h o u l d u se su c h pract i c e in br eed i n g o u r b i rd s t h at
w i l l en abl e u s to prod u c e su p eri or s p e c i m en s I n ot h er c h apt ers .
I h av e to u c h ed u po n c e rt ai n bra n c h es of b r eed i n g se parat el y an d

h a v e d evot ed a w hol e c h apt er to e ac h of t h es e b r a n c h es b ecau se
o f t h ei r i m porta nc e .
V IGO R : I n th e practi c e of breed i n g p i geo n s as in breed ing ,
po u l try do gs or w hat e v er e l se w e m i g h t u n d ertak e t h er e is one

, ,
t h i n g t h at I m ight c al l para m o u n t It is V I G O R I fir m l y b e . .
l i e v e t h at al l of m y r ead er s w i l l a gree t h at i t is essen t ial b e ‘
c a u se w e m u s t h av e stren gt h an d v i gor in th e b i r d so t h at i t can

res po n d to ou r ex p eri m en t s D i sea sed b i rd s c a nnot an d w il l .
n o t prod u c e a s t h e y s h o u l d t h ey h av e n ot t h e bodi l y s tr engt h,
to do so T h er efor e w e ca nn ot u se t h em or I m i gh t s ay w e , ,
s h o u l d n o t u se t h em at a n y t i m e Th e h ealth of th e b i rd s sh o u l d .
b e k ep t i n tact n oth i n g s h o u l d b e do n e to i m p ai r t h e i r bod i l y

,
s tr en gt h a n d o n t he ot h er h a n d e v e ryt h in g po ss i bl e s h o u l d b e
do n e to b u i ld i t u p T h e m o r e v i gor a b i rd h as th e m or e p l i abl e
.
h e is th at is h e w i l l r es po n d b ett er an d q u i ck er to sev er e
,
b reed i ng t est s h e w il l p rod u c e m or e an d b ett er o ff s pri ng p ro

,
v id ed o f co u r s e
,
h e is p ro p erl y m at e d
,
D o n ot al low yo u rsel f .
t o go c o lor m a d or ty p e cra z v to obtai n col or or typ e an d sac

r ifice t h e v i go r o f vo u r b i rd s D o n o t u se a b i rd t h at sh ow s .
e xc l l n t t y p
e e b u t w h i ch at t h
e s a m e t i m e s ho w s l ittl e or n o e
“
p p e j u t f r tsh o ak f h o i
p gn et r ps r d u c
ee that o t y p e i n a o e o
y o u ng t e b eca u s t he ch a n c es are th a t v o u w i l l get a yo u ng

s r e
s t r o f l es s s ta m i n a r v i go r a n d w i th n t as m u c h t ypc as h is
'
e o o
si r e r d am
o M a k v i g r y o u r fi rs t c o ns i d e ra ti o n an d t h en
. e o
b e d f r ty p c l
r e o ec r ,
et c a nd y u w i l l fi n d t h ese ea s i e r
o o r, e e, .
,
o
In b tai n
o .
B U I LD IN G U l A ST R A IN :
. l y a s t ra i n is m e a nt a m o r e o r
’
P RI N CIPLE S AN D PR A C T IC E S OF PI G E O N BR E E DI N G 83
l ess i n d i v i d u al fa m i l y o f a c ertai n br eed or v ari ety To b u ild .
u p a strai n is n o t s u c h an ea s y ta s k as so m e are i n cl in ed to
th i n k fo r i t tak es t i m e for et h o u gh t en ergy an d on e mu st appl v

, ,
t h e s o u n d es t br eed i ng pract i c es So m e n ov i c es w i l l p u rc h a se .
a few pai r of b i rd s an d as s oo n as t h ey h av e rai s ed a few

yo u ngst ers and m at ed t h em th e y o ff er t h ese b i rd s for s al e as
of a c er tai n st ra i n gi v i n g th em a n a m e w h i c h is u su al l y t h at
‘
of t h e i r o w n er su c h as Fre d Sm i t h Strai n of H o m ers T hi s is .
n o t a s trai n W h at i n d i v i d u al i ty h av e t h ey ! P robab l y n o ne ;
.
n o o u t s ta n d i n g f e at u r e at al l v e ry lik el v Stra i n s are n ot m ad e .
in o n e gen erat io n n or t w o b u t t h ey ar e m ad e fro m sev eral

‘
o f th em w h er ei n t h e b r eed er h as so u gh t fo r an d h as a eco m
pl is h e d s o m e o n e o r t w o t h in gs w h i c h w i l l m ak e h is b i rd s
s ta n d u t l ire e m i n en tl y D o n o t m i su n d er sta n d m e
'
o -
I d o n et
. .
m ea n t h at h e h a s go ne s fa r as t o cr eat e a n ew typ e o f b i rd o
n o r a n e w c o lor in his b i r d s b e ca u se i f h e w e r e to do t h i s h e
w o u l d go f u r th e r th a n to b u i l d u p a s tra i n h is n ew l y m ad e ,
typ e w o u l d n ot fit t he sta nd a r d for t he breed n or w o u l d th e

col or T h at is no t w h at is d es i r ed at al l W h at h e h as do ne
. .
w h en h e h as m ad e u p a strai n is t h at h e h as s el ect ed c e rta i n

s p e c i m en s th at a r e w ith i n t h e l i m it s o f t h e s ta n dard a n d w h i c h
p o ss ess to a m or e or l es s m a r k ed d egr ee c ertai n d esir ed c h arac

t er is t ics a n d h as b y c are f u l l i n e b reed i ng i m p rov ed t h ese
, ,
c h a r act eri s ti c u n t i l th e y sta nd o u t pre em i nentl y C ertai n

s -
.
st r a i n s a re n ot e d for e xc el l en t ty p e w h i c h is h a n d ed dow n fro m ,
o n e ge ne rat i o n t o a n o t h e r ; oth e rs for e xc el l en t color ot h er s for ,
go od c e r es et c H av i ng br ed s u c h b i rd s t h at a re trac e abl e back

, .
to a few and w h i c h h av e b een b red w i t h no i nt rod u c ti o n of n ew

bl o d h e ha s es ta b l i s h e d w h at is k n w n as a st rai n
o o .
I N BRE RD I N G : I n b r eed i ng is t h e b r ee d i ng t o geth e r o f b i rd s

w h i ch a re r l at d e i th e r cl o s e ly or d i ta n tly
. e e So m e t h i n k th at s .
i n b reed i n g i w r ng that i t w i l l w o r k ga i n t t he l aw s o f
s o ,
s
n at u r tc
e, eT h i i t ru t a c rt a i n ext en t v et a u t h r i t i es o n
. s s e o e o
pi g n a nd p u lt y b re d i ng a g ree th at i n b r d i ng is th q u i c k
eo o r e ee e
e s t a nd s u r t w a y f sta b l i h i ng a nd m ak i ng m r o r l ess per

es o e s o e
l n a n n t t h e a b i l it y O f b i rd s t o r e p r d u c e d es i e d ch a ra ct e r i s t ic s
e o r
84 P R O FI TA BLE PI G E O N B RE E DI N G
fro m on e g en erat io n to a not h er an d practi cal l y w eed o ut t h o se

f eat u r es no t d esir ed Inbr eed i n g r esu lt s in d is a st er an d br eak s
.
dow n stam i n a w h en t he br eed er grow s carel ess an d do es not

k eep u p t he h i g h est d egr ee of v i gor in his b ird s an d w h en h e
u s es b i rd s w h ic h sh ow n o n d es i r ed or bad c h aract eri s t ic s
-
T h is .
h i gh d egr ee of v i gor m u st b e k ept u p b y car ef u l ly sel ec tin g th

m o st V i goro u s s p ec im en s b efor e m at i n g th em In br eed in g do es .
n o t n ec ess ari l y m ea n t h a t w h i l e i t is t h e s u r es t w ay of m a in
t ai n i n g and im prov ing c ertai n d es i red ch aract eristl cs that each .
an d ev e ry yo u ngst er w il l i n h eri t t h es e good po i n t s b ec au se

th e y al l do n ot an d i t is t h er efor e i m p erati v e to sel ect o n l y th
v ery b es t in ev er yway T h er efor e w e see t h at t h e m o s t caref u l
.
s e l e ct i o n is n e c ess ary an d m u s t go h a n d in h a n d w i t h in br eed in g .
L IN E B R E ED IN G
L ne i
breed i ng as i t is general l y u n d ers tood is t he m at ing
, ,
to get h er of a pai r of b i r d s (cl o sel y o r d i s ta n tl y r el at ed ) an d t h en

b r eed i ng b ack o n th em th ei r p r o gen y o r o ff s pri ng We .
s ee t h er efore t h at l i n e br eedi n g is i n breed i ng and b y so in

, ,
br eed i ng t he prog en y fro m t h e abov e p ai r w e h av e a c erta in

po r ti o n of th e b lood of t he ori gi n al b i rd s fl o w i n g in t he v ei ns o f
the pro gen y To l i n e breed w e m u s t go abo u t i t s y st em at i cal l y
.
an d fo l low so m e d efin i t e p l a n of br eed i n g .
L i n e br eed i n g s ho u ld b e u se d by al l br eed er s i f t h ey e v e r
h o p e to accom pl i sh v ery mu c h for th emsel v es w i t h t h e i r b i rd s .
In ord er to a ss i s t t h e r e ad er s o f t h i s book an d gi v e t h em a
m or e d efi n i t e i d ea o f l i n e br eed i ng a l i n e br eed i ng c h art draw n ,
u p by t h e a u t h or is p u bl i s h ed h er ewi th
, .
A N ALY S I S O F L I N E B REED IN G C H ART : I n l i n e br eed i ng

w e s ta r t w i th o n e pai r o f b i rd s bot h of w h i c h h av e v al u abl e
,
ch aract eri s ti c s an d are pr e pot ent L et u s su ppo se we h av e .
s u ch a pai r o f bi rd s in l a n d 2 T he yo u n g st ers fro m t h i s pai r

.
a e r e pr es e n t ed in bl o ck 3 a n d t he a r row s sh ow blood fro m 1

r
1n d 2 m e rged a n d fl o w i n g i n t
‘
. 3 T h i s co nst i t u t es th s eco n d
o . e
ge n ra ti o n a nd g i v s u
e y u ng b i rd s h av i ng 1A; bl ood o f the
e s o
o rigin a l m al e a n d f em al e W h n th es e yo un g st ers a re ol d
. e
e no u gh to m at e w e sel ec t t he b es t f em al e and m at e h er to the

PR I N C I P L E S A N D PR A C T IC E S OF PI G E O N BR E E DI N G 85
orig in al cock (block b lock 3 is m at ed back T he b est m al e in

t o t he orI gin al h en (b lock T h e yo u n gs t er s fro m th es e m at
in g s are r e pr esen t ed in b lock s 4 an d 5 t h e dott e d l i n es in t h e ,
c h art in ev ery ca s e r e pr esen ti n g th e f em al e blood and th e sol id

l i n es the m al e blood T h es e yo u n gst ers in 4 an d 5 ar e .
blood of t he ori gi n al p ai r tho s e in 4 b ei ng bl ood o f the ,
M 1
6 01 Pa m -C l” .
i Gc n
lb ”
. c r a ia
'
o n.
St e 5 + r a -m 3 .
bl e a LD a n i“ M i bla a. u !
e
Wl l
.
'
Q 0 0
Pa m e a
L i na b Q LI D t NG C HAQ T
. .
p w B! ! A th Hb
r a n. ! r -
u r o a r t
ori gi n al cock a nd t h o se in 5 b ei ng 34 bl ood o f the ori gi nal hen .
H er e a gai n w e e l ct t he b es t yo u n g hen a n d coc k an d m at e

s e
t he yo u ng h e n b ac k to he r gra n d fath e r a nd t he yo u ng coc k to

his gra nd m o t h e r a n d w e ge t yo u n gs t er s f r o m t h es e m ati ngs
a s s h ow n in b lock s 6 a nd 8 T h es e are 778 blood o f t he ori gi n a l .
pai r T h i s fracti o n
. is arri v ed at as follow s T h e ori g i n al .
cock s bl ood r epr es en t s 1 an d th e h en m at ed to him is

’
T h es e two add ed tog eth er an d d i v i d ed b y two gi v es u s T hus

w e a r e m or e fi rm l y es tabl i s h i n g a s trai n co m po s e d m ai n l y of
t h e b lood of t h e ori gi n al cock an d br eed i n g o u t t h e b lood of t h e
origi n al h en O n t he oth er s i d e of t h e ch art w e see t hat w e
.
ar e doi n g th e oppo s it e w i th a n oth er strai n To m ai n tai n ou r

.
ori gi n al b lood w e m at e a cock fro m 4 to a h en from 5 an d

w e get gro u p 7 w h i c h is blood or th e eq u i v al ent of gro u p 3
in a l at er gen erat io n B v th i s t i m e t h e ori gn al cock an d h en
.
m ay h av e to b e d i sc ard ed or b e too ol d T h er efo r e w e br eed o u r

.
b est h en fro m gro u p 6 back o n to a coc k from 4 an d w e get

gro u p 9 w h i c h g iv es u s 1 3 1 6 b lood fro m t h e ori gi n al cock b e
-
c a u s e t h e coc k f ro m 4 w as 154 of his b lood an d t h e h en fro m 6

w as T h es e two fracti o ns add ed to geth er gi v es u s 1 38 an d
of w h i c h is 1 3 1 6 B y m ati n g a cock fro m 8 w i t h a h en fro m
-
.
5 w e get gr o u p 1 3 w h i c h co n tai n s 1 3 1 6 o f t h e blood of t h e -
ori gi n al h en 2 A t th i s po i n t w e a gai n m at e to get m ore

.
blood bi rd s an d w e do t h i s b y m at i ng b i rd s fro m 6 and 8 as

s how n (N ot ic e t h e l i n e r u nn i n g o u t of t h e b otto m of gro u p 6
.
an d l i n e f r o m gro u p 8 m e eti n g b elo w 7 a n d r u n n i ng i n to gro u p
N o w w e m at e a cock f r o m 6 to a b lood h en f ro m 7 an d
th e r esu lt is gro u p 1 0 w h i c h r e p r es en t s yo u n gs t er s co n tai n i n g
1 1 1 6 of t he b l ood of t h e o r i gi n al coc k 1 L i k ewi s e w e m at e a
‘
-
.
cock fro m 7 back to a h en f ro m 8 and w e get gro u p 1 2 w h ic h

is 1 1 1 6 of t h e b lood of t h e ori gi n a l h en 2
-
A t th i s poi n t w e
.
s el ect a cock fro m o u r m al e l i n e in gro u p 9 an d m at e h im to a
h en fro m gro u p 1 3 o u r f em al e l i n e an d get gro u p 1 6 t h u s

, ,
m ai n tai n i ng b l o od s G ro u p 1 4 is obtai n ed by m ati n g a cock

.
fro m gro u p 9 to a h en fro m gro u p 1 1 t h e cock in t h i s ca se b ei ng

,
13 1 6 a n d t h e h en o r 8 1 6 a nd t h e r es u l ta nt of t he s u m o f ‘
- -
th ese two giv es u s 2 1 32 of t h e ori gi n al bl o o d o f cock 1 O n

-
.
t he o th er h a n d w e o b tai n gro u p 1 8 b y a n op po s i t e m ati ng o n

th e f m al e l i n e u i n g a h en o u t o f gro u p 1 3 m at ed o n a coc k
e s
o u t o f gr u p 1 1 o T h u we are gra d u al l y e l i m i n a t i ng t he o r i gi na l
. s
coc k s b l ood o n o n e s id e a n d t h e o r i gi n al h n s bl ood o n t h e

‘ ’
e
o th er B y m a t i n g a h en f ro m
. u r gro u p I t) to a cock fro m (i
o
PRI N CIPL E S A N D PR A C T IC E S OF PI G E O N B RE E D IN
C 87
w e get gro u p 1 5 wh i c h is 25 32 of t h e b loo d of t he ori gi n al cock

-
1 or m or e of his blood th a n is co n tai n ed in gro u p 1 4 O n t h e .
f em al e l i n e b y m at i n g as S how n b y l i n es an d arro w s in c h art

w e get gro u p 1 7 w h i c h is al so 2 5 32 A cock f r o m 1 5 m at ed to
-
.
a hen fro m 1 7 m ai n tai ns o u r gro u p in eac h gen erati o n h av i ng

blood eac h of t h e ori gi n al b i rd s N ow a h en f ro m gro u p 1 5
.
m ate d to a cock fro m gro u p 6 w i l l gi v e u s gr o u p 1 9 w h i c h b i rd s

wi l l h a v e 53 6 4 o f th e ori gi n al cock bl ood O n t h e f em al e s i d e
-
.
w e get gro u p 2 1 w h i c h is 5 3 6 4 of t h e b lood of t h e ori gi nal h en

-
2
H er e w e h av e b i r d s th at ar e practi c all y t h e o r i gi n al bl ood of
t h e cock a n d h en w i t h w h i c h w e s ta r t e d a n d h av e t h er efor e es
t ab lish ed t w o n ew s t r ai n s an d in 2 0 h a v e t he o r i gi n al stra i n It .
m u s t b e r em em b er ed t hat w h en ev er o u m ak e a m at i ng in ei th er
v
t h e m al e or f em al e l i n es yo u m u s t m ak e a s i m i l ar o n e in t h e
oth er l i n e so t h at you can a lw a v s get bac k a gro u p co ntai n i ng
b lood of t h e ori gi n al pai r .
In t h e c h art t h e arro w s s h o w t h e d i r ect i o n of flow of t h e

bl ood and t h e l i ttl e c i rc u l a r l i nes a re i n t en d ed to S h ow t he
s trai gh t l in es n o t c o n n ect i n g b u t a s b e i n g s e p a rat e an d d i s ti n ct .
L I N E B RE ED IN G A S A FFE C T IN G SQU AB P R O D UC I N G
B IRD S : N o do u b t s o m e o f m y r ead e r s w i l l s a y th at t h e for e
go i ng is al l r i ght a s fa r as e x h i b it io n stoc k is co n c er n ed b u t
w o n d er w h e r e i n i t app l i es t o b i rd s u s ed in co m m e rc i al s q u a b
prod u ct i o n T h e a ns w er is v r v eas v as I s ee i t W e m u s t
. e .
r eal i z e th at w h enev er w e fi nd an exc el l en t pa i r of b i rd s t h row

ing la r ge w h it e m e at ed s q u a b s a n d pl ent y o f t h em w e can u s e
t h i s pai r of b i rd s in prod u c i n g oth ers o f th ei r k i n d and in t h i s
w a y g r ad u al l y b u i l d u p a fl oc k or s t r ai n th at w i l l b e fa r
s u p eri o r t o o th e r s in o u r lo ft s W e w i l l th en k n ow t he par en tag e
.
o f o u r b i rd s an d k no w t h at t h ey a re o f t he v ery b es t a n d can
f ee l m u c h s af er as regard s w hat o u r s q u ab breed i ng b i rd s can
a n d wil l d o fo r w e k n ow th at th ey h av e t h e corr ec t br eed i ng
b eh i n d th em \Ve ca n cl o se l y a ppro x i m at e t h i s by c aref u l l y

.
c u ll i ng b u t t he c h a n c es f r doi ng o are n o t as good an d as

o s
c e rtai n as by l i n e b reed i ng s e v er al p a i rs of o u r b es t b i rd s b e
ca u s e in l i ne b reed i ng w e a re m o re apt to get b ett r b ird s e ,
b ird s t h at w il l in h eri t a great er nu m b er of d es i r ed c h aract er

ist ics an d b e l ess l iab l e to t h e ill eff ect s of s o m e of t h e pr in
cipl es of br eed i n g .
O U T C RO SSI N G : O u t cro ss i n g is comm o n el y k n ow n as cro ss i n g

- -
t he b lood o f o n e s o w n s trai n o n to t h e b lood of t h at of a n o t h er

’
br eed er or on to th e bl ood of an en t irel y d iff er en t strai n t h o u g h

,
perh aps own ed b y t h e s a m e br eed er O u t cro ss i n g an d t h e in

'
-
.
t r od u ct io n of n ew b lood is a v ery ri s k y pro post ion an d a br eed er

is tak in g a l o n g c h a n c e in do in g e i t h er . T h i s w i l l n o do u bt
s eem m o s t r ea s o n abl e w h en w e s to p to co n s i d er t h at w e do n o t
alway s k now the breed in g b eh i n d th e bl ood t h at we are in tro

i u cing an d w e ca nn ot t h er efor e for et el l w h at eff ect t h i s for e ig n
.
bl ood w i l l h av e u po n t h at of ou r ow n l i n e It may ca u se
.
rad ical and s eri o u s d ef ect s to occ u r and bri n g abo u t a gen eral
br eak dow n of o u r stock an d ev en w h i l e i t m ay no t i f on e has
goo d b ir d s w h i c h are l in e br ed an d h igh l y pr epot en t w h y tak e
i
an y s u c h c h a n c e ! So m a n y ti m es w e ar e l ed to wa n t to pu r
c h a se s o m e b ig w in n er b eca u se of t h e fact th at h e or sh e is
s u c h b u t t h i s b i rd s b lood m a y h a v e t errib l e eff ect s on that o f
’
o u r ow n D o n o t do i t
. B r eed on in l i ne an d m ak e an e q u a l
.
b ird for yo u rsel f L i ne br eed i ng ri gid c u l l i ng and pati en c e

.
,
wi l l en abl e yo u to do so .
90 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
h em p It is su rpri sin g to see w h at an a m o u n t of grai n w il l b e

.
s av ed in t h e co u r s e of a y e ar W a st ed gra in v ery n at u ral l y

.
ca u ses a r ed u cti o n in th e p rofit s of the b u sin ess .
L i ttl e do s o m e br eed er s r e al i z e h ow m u c h t i m e an d l abor

is s av ed b y u s i n g sel f f eed er s
-
T h e prop erl y d es i gn ed f eed er
.
w i ll h ol d en o u g h grai n to f eed a pen of b ird s th r ee day s .
T herefor e o n c e in ev ery thr ee d ay s w e w i l l fil l t he f eed ers

,
w h erea s if w e f eed in an op en tro u g h tw ic e a day w e f eed
SI X T E E N S TA LL H A SC O FE E D E R
C v
o er p d b ck h w i g g a i
o ene a s o n r n
t i mes in t h r ee day s or fi v e t i m es m or e t h a n is n ec ess ary ,
c arry i ng grai n in a b u ck et or co n tai n er that m a n y ti m es Th e .
latt er is a fool i s h wa s t e of t i m e an d l abo r It wo u l d b e far .
b ett er for t h e breed er to b e p u tti ng in his ti m e in so m e oth er

m a nn er s a y k eepi ng prop er r ecord s
,
.
It is a pro v en fact th at l ar ger s q u ab s w i l l b e t h e r es u l t o f

us i n g sel f f e d e rs
-
e W hy! S i m pl y b ec a u s e t he pa ren t bi rd s
.
ca n ea t at a n y ti m e t h e y d es i r e a n d f eed t h e q u a b s a m a ny s s
t i m es a d a y as t h ey m ay w i s h to O ne w i l l s eldo m fi nd s q uab s
.
s q u e ak i n g fo r f ee d w h e r e s e l f f ee d er s ar e u s ed
-
s h ow i n g t h at ,
th e y a re getti ng en o u gh f oo d A caref u l i nv es ti gati o n i nto th i s

.
S E LF FE E D E RS
-
91
m att er h as prov en t h i s po i n t to u s b eyo n d a do u bt T h e wr it er .

,
fo rm erl y ow n er and m a n a ger o f on e o f th e l argest s qu ab p l ant s

in t h e S o u th ea s t p l ac ed se l f f eed er s in so m e o f his p en s an d in
,
-
oth ers fed t w i c e dai l y f r o m op en tro u gh s T h i s p rov ed to b e a

.
good t es t for t h e m eri t s of t h e s e l f f eed e r an d r esu lt s sh ow ed

-
co n c l u s i v el y th at th e s q u ab s fro m the sel f f eed er p ens w er e

-
m u c h l arger th a n tho s e f r o m t h e p ens in w h i c h t he op en tro u g h s

w er e u sed .
In f eed i ng p i geo ns fro m op en tro u gh s t h ere are alway s so m e

b i rd s t h at ar e p u s h ed a s i d e an d l eft to go h u n gry T h ese .
h u ngr y bi rd s can n ev er work prop erl y H er e agai n w e see th e

.
t d v an t age of t h e se l f f eed er-

T h e w eak er b i rd s m ay b e p u s h ed
.
t w ay t em porari l y w h en th e s tro nger o nes are eat in g b u t w h en

t he l att er h a v e fi n i s h ed t h e r e w i l l b e su ffic i en t food l eft for
t he ot h er s .
O V Co l
’
C o v etz r
z o T g o ua a I t w aa
D r a
’
w m bj 1
3
2 2 .
C H AP T ER X III
C AR I N G FO R T H E LO FT S
C a li
le n n es s — W hit e w a s hi n g and S p ay i n g— R p a i i n g L f
r e r o t
s — R e su lt s
of An I l l K p t L ft
e o .
i
P ge n o l oft s s ho u l d b e k ept cl ea n b u t it is i n d eed su rpri sing
t o n ot e h ow m a n y loft s ar e k e pt in a h e l t er s k e lt er fa s h io n w it h -
ab so l u t el y n o r egard to cl ea n l i ness .
T h e w i s e br eed er k n ow s th at h e is n o t ex p e ct e d to k eep h is
loft s ab sol u t el y Spotl ess b u t h e do es k n ow th at h e s h o u l d c l ea n
u p e ac h a n d ev ery l oft abo u t o n c e e v er y t en day s o r two w eek s .
A l l m a n u r e s h o u l d b e ca r e f u lly s crap e d o u t of t h e s p ar e n es t s ,
al l o l d n est s s ho u l d b e r emo v ed fro m t h e loft s an d b u rn ed n ew ,
n es t i ng m at e ri al m u s t b e pu t in t h e crat es as s oo n t h e su p pl y
th er ei n s h own s s i gns of b eco m i n g d ep l et ed and so on W atc h .
t h e gro u n d in t h e fl ys do n t l et i t get s o u r b u t t u r n t h e d i rt ov e r
’
o n c e in a w h i l e b y Spad i n g i t u p an d eac h t i me you do so b e

s u r e to ad d a top coat of cl ea n s h arp s a n d B e ev er o n t h e .
al er t to s ee t h at t h e h ealt h gri t co n tai ner h as an ad eq u at e su p

pl y o f gr i t in i t an d do not ov erl ook t h e cru sh ed c h arcoal an d ‘
t he n ec ess ary l u m p of roc k s al t T h e fo u n tai n an d t he b at h
.
pa ns Sh o u l d b e scald ed o n c e a w eek to m ak e su r e t h at al l fi l t h
a n d d i s ea s e ger m s in t h em a r e k i ll ed .
At l e a s t twi c e a y e ar t h e e n ti r e pl a n t i n s i d e an d o u t s h o u ld
, ,
b e gi v en a thoro u gh c l ea n i ng an d a good t h i ck coat o f w h it e

wa s h I b el i ev e it is t he U S D epart m en t of Agri c u l t u r e t h at
. . .
h as an e xc el l en t form u l a fo r wh i t ewa sh T h i s m ay b e h ad b y
.
wri ti n g to the p r op er a u tho r i ti es in W a sh i ngto n for i t S pray .
i t w i th a go od d i s i nf ecta n t so as t o get ri d of al l v erm i n I .
h av e fo u n d th at i t is a mu ch ea s i er ta sk to k eep a pi g eo n loft
C A RI N G FO R THE LO FT S ‘
93
free fro m v erm in t h an a po u ltry houSe Fi lt h and v ermin .
can ca u s e a br eed er far m or e tro u b l e t h a n w e h aVe s pac e t o

'
m en t io n .
D o n ot l et yo u r prop e rty get in b ad r ep ai r b u t k ee p on t h e

l ooko u t for a l eak in t h e roof a to rn p i ec e of roofi ng s agging
, ,
doors etc T h e wri t er v i s i t ed a p la n t in one o f th e n ei g h boring

,
.
s tat es so m e y e ars ago an d f o u n d t h e ow n er v e ry m u c h d is
co u r aged an d r eady to gi v e u p in fact h e w as j u s t b eg in n in g

,
to adv ert i s e h is b i rd s fo r s al e H e w as not m ak i n g an yt h i ng

.
,
A L O F T O F SILV E R K I N G S
No t e ho w cl ae n e v y thi g i — Ph t f m J ck M
er n s . o o ro a . Pu n , St ck t
o on, C al i f .
his b i rd s wo u ld n o t prod u c e W e w al k ed f ro m pe n to pen T he

. .
gr o u nd w a s so s o u r th at i t w o u ld h av e k il l ed a n yth i ng k e pt
on i t I w i l l v e n t u r e t o s a y th at i t h ad n o t b een s pad ed in two
.
y ears O p en pa ns w ere u s ed fo r prov i d i ng t h e d ri n k i n g wat er

.
for t he bi rd s a nd th ey w ere po s i t i v e l y fi l th y t h e y sh ow ed no ,
s i gn s of h av i ng b e en s c al d e d in m o n th s B u t abov e a ll t h e roof
.
in e i gh ty per c en t o f t he p e n s w as l eak i n g to s u c h an ext en t

t h at one co u l d see d ayl i g h t t h ro u g h i t It h ad rai ned in the .
l oft s u ntil the fl oor was cov er ed w ith sl i c k sl imy ma nu r e the ,

w h ol e b u il d ing w as celd an d dam p an d as fi l t h y as on e co u l d

ev er t h in k of W h at d i d I h ear ! Sn i ff sn iff on ev ery h an d
.
, ,
an d I wo u ld h av e v en t u r ed a n ic e su m t h a t n in et y per c ent
o f th e poor b i rd s h ad ro u p T h e b i rd s w er e l arg e bo ne s p ec i
.
mens for th eir br eed fi n e in ty p e b u t ala s— v ict im s of s h eer

, ,
care l ess ness o n th e p art of t he ow n er D id h e fa il ! I do no t

.
k n ow b u t I do k n ow t h at th e l a s t I h eard of him w as t h at he
S E V E R A L W HI T E K I N G S I N T H E L O F T S O F H W B A R N E TT . .
Cl a l i
e n i v i d t l y h i by w d — Ph t f m H W B a tt
ne s s s e en s or o o ro . . rne ,
O akla d C al i f
n , ,
h ad d i s po s ed of his b i rd s T h i s v is i t ta u gh t m e a l esso n and

.
I pa ss i t on to yo u m y r ead er for th er e is s o m et h i ng in i t
, , .
Y o u or I or an y oth er m an can tak e t h e fi n es t b u n c h of p i g eo n s

in Am eri ca an d su bj ec t t h em to s u c h ex po s u r e and n egl ect an d
r u i n t h em in l ess t h a n o n e y ear yet yo u can tak e an exc el l en t
,
b u n c h o f b i rd s and m ak e m o n e y an d br eed the strai n u p b u t

y o u ca nn ot do i t b y n egl e cti n g yo u r d u ti es aro u n d the lo ft s .
If you are go i ng to k eep p i geo n s an d m ak e m o n ey fro m th em

k eep th em ri gh t in e v ery way I co u l d t el l yo u of ot h er c ases
.
t bad t h abov e b u t s p ac e w ill not p er m i t B u t l et

j u s a s as e o n e .
C A RI N G FO R TH E LO FT S 95
me sa y Ih av e n ev er k n ow n t h em t o s p el l ot h er th a n o ne word
a nd t h at w ord is FA IL U R E .
O n t h e ot h er h a n d t h e w ri t er h as a n i n ti m at e fri en d a C a r ,
n e a u fa n ci er j u st th at —a
,
fa n c i er
,
H e k eep s h is loft ab so .
l ut el y s potl es s ev er yth i n g is look ed aft er an d I h av e n ev er

,
k n ow n h im to h av e a s i ck b i rd an d I h av e seen h im prod u c e
C ar nea u x th at w o u l d pu t s o m e of o u r b ig w i nn er s to s h a m e .
H e is so b u s y w i th his b i rd s an d th e i r h eal t h an d co m fort s

t h at h e w i l l n ot adv er ti s e n or ex h i b i t no r j o i n a p i geo n c l u b
, ,
b u t th er e is o n e t h i ng h e w i l l do an d t h at is k eep h is l oft as
i t s h o u ld b e an d h e h as b een an d is m ak i ng a SU C C E SS .
E AT I N G T H E I R LI E A L
Ki
\V h it e n gs a r e s ee n e a ti g th i m al N t th i k i g ht l y p t
n e r e . o e e r n o s u r e.
Ph t f
o o ro m A th
r ur H a za d A g t a G
r , u us , a .
C H AP T E R X IV
H O W T O T E LL T H E SE X O F PI G E O N S
C o mmon R l u es f or S am e.
i nd eed a h ard m att er for m o s t b egi nn ers and for t ha t

I t is , ,
matt er m a n y ol d br eed er s to d i st i n gu i s h t h e s ex o f a p ig eo n
,
.
Un l ik e po u ltry p i geo n s h av e n o r e al m ark s on t h e m al e o r

,
f em al e t h at m ak es i t ea s y for u s to d i s ti ngu i s h th em o n s i gh t
'
A W HI T E S W IS S M O N D A I N E
B d
re a nd o w ne d by E d ga S a tt th w a it St a t
r er e, n on D el .
T h ere a re sev eral meth od s of t ell i ng t he s ex k now n to m a ny

b reed er s a n y of w h i c h w i l l p r ov e to b e m or e or l ess acc u rat e
, .
O ne o f t h e fi r s t met h od s th at t he wri t e r l ear n ed was to watc h

t he bi rd s cl o sel y es p ec i al l y w h i l e t h ey are str u tti ng
, T he bi rd
.
C HAP ER T XV
CU LLI N G
D e fi n it io n —B e g i n n e r s
A xi t B i ld p a L a g F l ck t
T oo n ou s u u o o
f C ll i g—C l l i n g
o r e
R al iz Adva t a g
e e n esSh ld b C a f ll y
o u n u ou e re u
St d i d— N n P d c i g B i d Sh ld b C ll d
u e o -
ro u n r s ou e u e .
Cu l l ing is t he w eed i ng ou t of s p ec im ens w h ic h th e br eed er

do es not care t o u se an d w h ic h in his j u d gment
are n ot t h e
, ,
prop er o n es to br eed fro m .
To b u i l d u p a flock of payi n g b i rd s on e mu s t go S low act ,
w i sel y and not b e afrai d to c u ll N o m att er w h at th e br eed .
h er w h at t h e vari ety n or h ow h i g h pri c ed a pai r of b ird s m ay
b e t h e y w i l l o n c e in a w h i l e t h row yo u n g s t er s t h at a r e no t
, ,
ex actl y w h at w e wo u l d car e to br eed fro m We t h er efor e elimi .
n at e t h ese s p ec i m ens fro m o u r loft s an d t he b es t m et h od o f
g etti ng ri d of t h em is to k i l l th em an d n ot to pa ss t h em on to
s o m e o n e el se .
So m e b egi n n er s ar e s o a n x i o u s to get a l ar ge n u m b er o f
bi rd s th at th ey are apt to s av e ev ery s qu ab for a w h i l e and
l at er m at e t h em u p I n so m e ca ses i t m ay b e w el l to sav e t he
.
s q u ab s at l ea st u n ti l th e b egi nn er l earns h ow to c u l l t h em
,
b efo re th ey l ea v e t he nest b u t he s h o u l d k eep a n ev er watc h f u l

,
e ye o n t he y u n gs t ers as th e y gro w u p an d m ak e u p his m i nd

o
at o nc e th at n oth i ng b u t th e v ery b est w i l l do and as soo n as

th ey a re gro w n h e S ho u l d b e r ead y to s av e o n l y s p eci mens
w h i ch co m e c l o s e to sta n dard r eq u i r em en t s an d d i s c ard al l
oth ers H o w ev er t he b egi nner s o met i m es ca nnot r eal i z e t h e
.
,
ad v a nta ge o f th i s s y st em a n d s av es ev ery b i rd an d soo n his

s tock is d et er i o r ati n g i n s t e ad o f b e co m i ng b ett er b eca u se of t h e
poo re r s p e ci m en s Rem emb er w e ca nnot ex p ect ev ery b i rd t h at

.
,
is h atc h e d to b e a go od o n e t h e poor er o n es w i l l h ap p en alo n g

,
H OW To T E LL SE X I
O F P GE ON S 99
and ar e u su al l y in th e maj ority Two poor s p ec i mens m at ed

.
t og et h er w i l l t h row yo u n gs t er s h av i n g t h e s a m e and probabl y

-
,
mor e d ef ect s th a n t h e p a r en t s
, .
W e al l k n ow t h e rap i d i ty w i t h w h i c h p i geo ns m u l ti p l y t h ey
‘
do not b el i ev e in rac e su i c i d e and so m e of u s h av e seen it

,
fig u red o u t h ow m a n y pai r s of b i rd s w e s ho u ld rai se in a gi v en

ti m e b y sta rt i ng w i t h say t en pai r s Th i s s c h em e is j u s t w h at
.
A W HI T E K I N G C O C K
T he r es u lt of p p
ro er s e e l c ti — Ph t f m J ack M
on o o ro . Pun , St ck t
o on Cal .
1 h av e m enti o n ed abov e a d es i re to s av e e v ery b i rd h atc h ed an d

,
at t he end of t he y ear w e h av e a b u nc h o f bi rd s so me good , ,
s o m e bad a n d oth er s no t fi t fo r a n yth i n g

,
I n s ho rt we h av e a
.
fl ock w h i c h a w i se b reed er w o u ld go t h ro u gh and v ery proba

bl y c u l l o u t s i xty nv e per c e nt In v i ew of t he fact t h at p i geo ns
-
.
do m u lti p l y so rap i d l y w e s h o u l d b e w i l l i ng t o c u l l an d c u l l
u n ti l i t h u rt s b ec a u se i t is t h e o n l y w a y of b u i l d i ng u p a pay i ng
“
floc k of b ird s ev en t h o u gh we do mat e w i sel y .

1 00 PR O FI TA B L E I
P GE O N BR E E D I N G
Th e art of c u l l i ng is one t h at s h o u l d b e caref u l l y s t u d ied

” “
‘
.
O f co u r se in c u l l in g w e m u st as in ot h er bra n ch es o f t h is b u s i
" '
‘
-
n es s , u s e a gr e at d e al o f d is cr etio n H av i n g yo u r s ta n dard
.
cl earl y in yo u r m i n d and b e i n g su r e of w h at yo u are do i n g go

amo n g yo u r yo u n gst ers an d w a t c h ev ery b i rd car ef u l l y an d
s ati s fy yo u r s el f as to w h et h e r i t w i ll o r w i l l n o t do to s av e
th em fo r breed i n g s tock D o n o t j u st h u r ry th r o u gh in a S l i p
.
s hod m a nn e r an d t h r o w o u t c er tai n o n es St u d y eac h Sp ec im en

.
ca r ef u l l y an d i f h e is to b e c u l l ed tak e him o u t k i l l him an d

, ,
fo rge t i t I f h e is worth b r eedi ng fro m h e is worth y of car ef u l

.
s t u dy i f h e is n ot w ort h br eed i ng f r o m h e su r el y is no t w orth

,
s a v i n g j u s t to h av e th at o n e m or e b i r d in t h e pl a n t .
R em em b e r t h e l a r ger n u mb er o f b i rd s yo u h av e t h e m or e
yo u r f ee d b i l l w il l b e an d i t cert aiii l y do es n ot b eh oo v e a n y
b reed er to f eed p i geo n s that ca n n ot S ho w a good ret u rn D o .
no t b e co n t en t t o s top w i th c u l l i n g yo u r yo u n gs t er s b u t watc h
yo u r b reed i n g s tock as w e ll I f you fi n d a pai r o f bi rd s t h at
.
a r e no t prod u c i ng as t h e y s ho u l d get ri d of t h em for as w e ,
ha v e s ai d b efo e th ey ar e no t s ho w i n g a good ret u r n an d ar e

r ,
t her efo re no t profita b l e B y a caref u l l y k ept s y st em of r ecord s

.
t h e dro n es ca n s oo n b e Spott ed a n d e i t h er r em at ed an d gi v en
a noth er tri al o r r em ov ed fro m th e loft s ent i r el y .
I n c u l l i n g b i rd s m u c h ca n b e l ear n ed fro m t h e r ecord s If .
w e t race e ac h b i rd t h at w e c u l l w e ca n soo n see w h at bi rd s a re

‘
th ro w i n g t he c u l l s an d th i n gs can b e r ect ifi ed b efor e t h ey go

too far T h i s sy st em of el i m i nat io n of an y b u t the b est an d a
.
s earc h i n to t h e r ecord s w i l l S h ow at o n c e a gr eat m a n y t h i n s

g
abo u t h ow o u r m ati ngs are work i ng o u t T h e w i se br eed e s .
r
w ill s t u dy t h ese fact s car e f u l l y .
T o b e s u cc ess f u l in rai s i n g br eed i n g s tock w e m u s t r esor t to

c u l l i ng for i t is a m ethod wh i c h ri d s u s of t h e d ro n es and non .
d es i rabl es T he so o ner th e nov i c e l earns t h e art of c u l l i ng the

.
b ett er o ff h e w il l b e T h e wi s e breed er c u l l s and cu l ls clo sely

.
b eca u se he real i z es th at i t is the o n l y m et h od o f ge tti ng t he

"
“
bl ac k sh eep ou t o f his stra in o f b i rd s .
1 02 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N B RE E DI N G
c au se of m a n y eg gs n ot h atc h i ng b ec a u s e th e s q u ab s ar e k i l l ed
in t h e s h el l It is t r u e t h at l i m e is an a b s o r b en t of mmst u r e an d
“
t h e th eo r y is adv a n c ed th at t h e l i m e b e i n g d u s t ed abo u t b y t h e
,
wi ngs of t h e b i rd s fal l s o n t h e eggs an d ab sorb s t he m o ist u r e

,
from t h em an d c em en t s u p th e po res of t he egg s h el l s W e al l .
k n ow th at th e eggs ar e al m o st i n c ess a n tl y cov ered b y t he p aren t

b ird s d u ri ng i n c u bat io n an d t h at l ittl e i f any l i me co u l d get
, ,
o n t h e eg gs an d if i t d i d i t wo u l d b e i mm ed i at e l y d u s t ed o ff
b y t h e f eath ers of th e b i rd s i n c u b ati n g t h e eggs Lim e u sed .
,
as a d i s i n f ecta n t do es n ot k i l l s q u ab s in t h e s h e l l
,
T h is is m y
.
fi rm b el i e f. I do a gr ee w ith oth er s th at m o i s t u r e is n e c ess ary
BIRDS J U S T A FT E R B AT HI N G
Ph t f m J ack M P
o o ro St ck t C al i f
. un, o on, .
to a good h atc h an d fo r t h at r ea so n al l of t h e breed i ng stock

s ho u ld h av e acc ess to a bat h as oft en as po ss i b l e an d as w eat h er
co nd i ti o n s p er mi t so that e i th er t he cock or h en can get t h ei r

f eat h ers m oi st en ed an d carry t h i s mo i st u re to the egg s in the
n est .
A not h er r ea s o n eggs do n o t h atc h is t h e l ack o f prop er f eed

ing . To gi v e strengt h to t h e egg germ the p arent b i rd s mu st
b e p ro p erl y no u ri s h ed I m prop erl y bal a n c ed rati o ns and a gr ea t
.
d eal o f t h em w i l l ca u se low v i tal it y and t h i s in tu rn c au ses

w ea k ened egg g erms T he r esu l t is t h en t h at th oug h the germ
.
may a ssu me l i f e in t he sh el l and grow i nto a sq u ab t h is sq uab ,

WH Y S O ME E GG S D O N O T H A TCH 103
do es n ot h av e th e n ec essary str en gth to p eck its way ou t of th e

s h el l a n d t h er efor e d i es .
H ealt h y br eed i n g s tock prop erl y bal a n c e d rat io n s s a nitary

, ,
co n d i ti o ns in th e loft and freq u en t bath s for th e b i rd s s h o u l d

s t ee r an y br eed er c l e ar of t h e m i s fort u n e of g etti ng egg s t h at
do n ot h atc h T h i s p art of t he b u s i n ess s h o u l d b e watc h ed v ery

.
car ef u l l y and ev ery effort m ad e to r ed u c e to a m i n im u m the

amo u nt o f non h atc h ab l e eggs for t he prod u c tio n of s o u n d
-
, ,
h ealth y s q u ab s an d pl ent y of th em is m ak es i t pay

, .
A PE N OF E X C E LL E N T W HI T E M A L T E S E
Ph t f
o o ro m B A Mit c h l l O c O g
. . e , ren o, re o n.
C HAP T ER X V II
P I GE O N D I SE A SE S A N D T H E I R RE M ED I E S
S ym p t o ms of a nd R e me di es Ca k
for n er —Go i n g Li ght— S C p ou r ro
C ld
o s — Ro u p— L oo se B o we l — F a th
s e er Ro t — W i g L m p — M d B al l
n u s u s .
In a w el l r egu l at ed w el l k ept l oft w h er e i n ar e h o u sed h ealth y

,
br eedi ng s tock t h er e is not m u c h exc u se for d isease H ow ev er .

,
t h ere are ti mes wh en i t seems t h at in s p it e of al l of ou r s y st em

an d good m a n a gem en t so m e b i rd w i l l s h ow s y m pto m s of sick
,
n ess . As a ru l e w e fi nd d i sea se r ed u c ed to a m i n im u m o n l y in
loft s t h at are s a n i tary an d w h er e t h ey are prop erl y co ns tru c ted
an d w h er e ev ery pr eca u t io n is tak en to h av e t h e b ird s get ’
t
n ot h i n g b u t t h e c l ea n est f eed a n d wat er po ss i bl e In ord er to .

i
a ssist the nov i c e as w el l as so m e o f t he ol d er b reed ers I h av e

p repared t h i s c h ap t er gi v i ng a few s y m pto m s o f and sim pl
rem ed i es for sev eral o f the mo s t co m m o n p i g eo n d i sea ses .
C ank er
T h is is on e o f t he m o st dread ed of p i g eo n d i sea ses and one o f

t h e d i rti es t It is u su al l y c a u sed fro m fi lt h d irt y drin k in g
.
,
w at er an d u n cl ea n grai n b u t p r i n c i pal l y fro m mu sty an d mo u l d y

grai n T he wri t er has n oti c ed t h at in m o st ev ery ca se w h ere
.
ca nk er h as ev er s h ow n u p in his flock he co u l d trac e it to '
crack ed corn w h i c h h ad b een fed o n l y t h ro u g h n ec essit y T h is .
d i sea se ap p ears in the form of c h ees y growt h in on e s i d e o f

th e m o u t h an d t h roat Th e growt h en l arges v ery ra p i d l y a nd
.
pro h i bi t s the b i rd fro m eati ng The a ff ect ed b i rd can b e told.
fro m th e fact t h at he is s l u g gi s h and o u t of sorts his f eat h ers ,
b ei ng r u ffl ed C a nk er is v er y co ntagi o u s and sh o u l d b e t a k en
.
in h a nd immed i at el y b y r em ov i ng the p at ient to o t h er q u ar ters ,

1 06 PR O FI TA BL E PI GE O N BRE E DI N G
C our t y
es ofJ W W i l l iam
. . son, G la b ss oro , N . J .
M A L E PI G E O N
I O esophag us 7 . U re t er
D f
.
2 . T ac h a
r e 8 . V as e er e n s
3 B c hi al T b
ro n u e 9 . R ct m
e u
V t B
.
A Lu ng 10 . en o nes.
5 . T t i cl
es e 11 . Anus
6 . Kid y ne
I
P GE ON DI S E A S E S AN D T H E IR RE M E DI E S 1 07
t y f J IV \V il l i m
C o u r es G la
o b . . a son. ss o ro ,
FE M A L E PI G E O N
1 . Tw o m al l gg w l th t h
s e va y
s e o r .
Tw o gg
e a t i fl m all t h a t h ab v
s r e s er n e o e .
3 . Tw o th a t ab u t ad y t
a re t th
o l re t o en e r e o v u uc .
4 . O v i d ct
u .
5 . Eg g al m t ady t b
os rel a d o e re e se .
6 . E x t nd d v n t b n
e e e h w i ng t h g a t d i t a n c b t w
o es , s o e re s e e ee n
th m c m p a d t t h m al b i d
e o re o e e r .
PR O F I TA BLE PI G E O N BRE E D I N G
"
1 08
d isin f ect in g ev ery n ook and corner of th e l oft s and s c a ld in g t he

drin k in g fo u ntains etc ,
J .
T h e a ff ec t ed b ird m ay b e tr eat ed as fol l ow s : R emov e th e

ca n k ero u s growt h w i t h a sm al l po in t ed st ick an d mop th e r aw
p l ac e w i t h a w eak sol u ti o n of h ydrog en p ero x id e A ft er t h is .
car ef u l l y appl y a p inc h of b u rn t al u m d u st to t he s pot : D o n t ’
pu t in too m u c h of t h is d u st as t h e b ird w ill inh al e it c au s in g

‘
i t to chok e P l ac e t h e bi rd in a coop b y it se l f and do not f eed

.
u n ti l t h e n ext day or at l e a s t for e i g h t h o u rs I t s ho u l d t h en .
b e forc e fed o n a l i b er al s u p pl y of br e ad cr u m b s
-
As t h e .
pat i en t s how s s i gn s of i m prov em en t pl ac e grai n b e fore it and

t em pt i t to eat K ee p fr es h w . at er w h er e h e can get al l h e
d es i r es B e su r e t h at t h e b i rd is t h oro u gh l y c u red b e fore r e
.
t u rn i ng it to t h e loft s If t h e d i sea se ca nn ot b e ch eck ed in a

.
'
r ea so n abl e l ength of ti m e th e b es t rem ed y is to ap pl y t e ax e

treat men t R em em b er th at c an k er is v ery co n tag io u s an d I
.
b el i ev e h e r ed i tary th o u gh I m u s t fra n k l y ad m it t h at I h av e
n ev e r h ad an occa s io n to c h eck t h i s l a s t s tat em en t .
Goin g L igh t
Th i s is pro b ab l y t he m o s t co m mo n of al l pi geo ns d i sea ses .
It is a w a s ti n g away of fl es h an d s tr en gth It al s o fi n d s its .
o r i gi n in m ou ld v grai n fi lt h y w at er et c and fro m bad n o u r

, ,
.
,
i h m e nt
s . An o v er work ed s p ec i m en t h at is im prop e rl y fed is
-
a n e a s y v i c ti m T he a ff ect ed bi rd u s u al l y s el ec ts a secl u d ed s pot

.
in t h e l o ft s a n d b u n ch es u p in a h eap an d if n o t bot h er ed w il l ,
!
,
rem a i n in o ne s pot in su c h a po s i ti o n for sev eral h o u rs T he .
e xc r e ta o r fi l t h i ss u e d b y t h i s b i rd is w at er y s h ow ing t h e l ac k
'
, , ,
o f n o u ri s h m e n t a s n ot h i n g is pa ss i n g thro u gh t h e b ow el s .
T he tr eat m e n t th at w e h av e al w ay s u s ed h as b een to co n fi n e
t he bi rd by i t s el f r em ov e t h e m ai n tai l f eat h er s o ne b y o ne
,
.
Next w e giv e a d o se o f a b o u t fi v e or s ix d rop s of ca stor o i l o n c e

a day fo r th r ee d ay s u s i ng a m ed i c i ne d ropp er Forc e br ead
,
.
cr u m b s do w n t h e b i r d s th roat th r ee ti m es a day p u tti ng a

'
s m al l pi nc h of P ratt s C o n d iti o n P owd er o n t h e br e ad As t he

’
.
p a ti e nt s h o w s s i gns o f i m p rov ement and he u su al l y w i ll wi t h,

1 10 P RO FI TA BLE PI G E O N B RE E DI N G
R ou p
R o u p is no th i ng m or e or l ess th a n a n egl ect ed co l d w h i c h

ha s gro w n w o r se It is i n d ee d h ard to get ri d of
. Th e s y m pto m s .
a r e v i ol en t s n eez i n g w at ery e y es an d n o s t r i l s
, T h e pati en t .
is u s u all y f e v er i s h R em ov e a ff ect e d b i r d s at o n c e to s ecl u d ed

.
q u art ers as th i s d i sea se is v ery co n ta gio u s b e i ng tra nsm itt ed ,
from o ne b ird to a n oth er v i a th e d r i nk i n g fo u n tai n P l ac e th e

'
p at i ent in dry w el l v en t i l at ed an d wa rm q u a rt ers Th e U S

, . . .
D epart m en t of A gr i c u l t u r e r eco mm en d s a v ery good tr eat m en t

for ro u p in po u lt r v in Fa rm er s B u ll et i n 9 57 T h i s treatm en t '
s ho u l d b e a v ery good o n e for p i geo n s al s o an d i t wo u l d n ot b e
a bad i d ea for b r eed ers to w ri t e fo r th i s b u l l et i n A p p l y to yo u r .
C o n gr essm a n fo r a copy of sa m e .
L o os e B ow el s
Too m u c h w h eat is i n v ari a b l y th e ca u s e of loo s e bo w el s Th e .
s i m pl est rem ed v that w e k n o w o f fo r th i s d i sea s e is a l i b eral

'
'
f eed i ng of ri c e B v ri c e w e of co u rs e m ea n t he h u l l ed u n
.
, , ,
c o ok ed r i c e I f t ak en in c h a rge at o n c e t h i s d i sea se can b e c u r ed

.
cnt ir cl v a n d s h o u ld n o t gi v e t h e b r eed er a u v an x iet v .
Feat h er R ot
As t he am e i m
n pl i es th i s d i s ea se is a rotti n g of f eat h ers It .
is u s u al ly c a u s ed b v t he f eat h er s b e i n g brok en or bru i sed .
Rem ov e t h e a ff ect ed f eath er s and bat h e t h e s k i n at t he f eat h er

root w i t h h ydro gen p erox i d e .
Win g L u m ps
O ne w i l l fi n d f ro m t i m e to t i m e a hard l u m p form ed o n the

, ,
.
w i ng b u tt of so m e of his bi rd s T h i s l u m p is u s u al l y t he r esu lt
.
o f t h e w i ng h avi ng h it a ga i n t m eth i n g ha r p l i k e t he ed ge
r
, s so s
o f t h w i nd we r d o in t h l tt
o Aga i n it m a y h t he res u l t
oo r e o . e
o f i ng h h a n d l i ng
.
'
o n th pa t f th b d r in tha t he may
o e r o e re e e
h av e d i s l ocat ed t he b i rd s w i n g b u tt wh i l h a nd l i n g the b i rd
‘
e .
PI G E O N DIS E A S E S AN D T H E IR R E M E DI E S 111
It is h o w ev er m or e u su al l y th e form er P a i nt t he j o i n t w i t h
. .
I o d ine d a il y or ru b i t w i t h c a m p h orat e d o i l .
In s o m e c a s es th i s l u m p m ay b e m or e seri o u s an d prov e to
b e a form o f t u b erc u lo s i s . In th i s ca s e t h e l u m p w i l l b e fi ll ed
wi t h a c h eesy d epo s i t In ord er to s a v e th e bi rd th i s l u m p
.
s h o u l d b e op en ed w i t h a s harp l a n c e an d t h i s d e po s i t r em o v e d .
M r V al e t h e n ot ed E n gl i s h a u t hori ty o n p i geo n d i se a ses ad

“
.
, ,
v i s es th at o n c e th e l u m p is o p en t h e d epo sit b e r em ov ed w i t h
a sti ff q u i l l and th e c av i ty p ai n t ed w i t h c a rbol i z ed o i l (o n e
part fl u i d carbol i c ac i d in n i n et een p arts of b es t ol i v e o i l ) an d
s k in dra w n to get h e r w i th s i n gl e st ich es car e b ei ng tak en to
,
r em ov e al l d ead sk i n fro m t he wo u n d .
M u d B all s
h av e al l seen p i geo ns w i t h h a r d l u m p s o n th ei r f eet .
Th ese l u m p s are c a u sed fro m fi lth an d m u d b e i ng col l ect ed o n

t h e foot an d th ey gro w l ar ger a n d l a r ge r u n ti l i t is ext r em el y
d i ffic u lt for t he b i rd to wal k T h ey s h o u l d b e r em ov ed as soo n
.
as n ot i c e d b u t car e m u s t b e tak en n o t t o i n j u r e t h e b i rd s f eet

’
a nd to es It is an exc el l en t i d e a to s oak t h e b i rd s f eet in t e pi d

‘
wat er for a few m i nu t es an d th en eit h er cu t the bal l or pry i t

o ff b y i ns ert i n g a t h i n edg ed st i ck b etw een t he d epo s i t an d t h
top of t he foot It is n ot u nu su al for sq u ab s to h av e t h i s sa m e

.
tro u b l e b ut t h ey w i l l o n l y h av e i t w h en t h ei r nest is al low ed

to b ecom e fi lt h y O ne w i l l u su al l y see t h at loo se bow el s is
.
the c a u se of t h i s tro u bl e wi t h sq u ab s an d t h er efor e th e br eed er

sh o u l d st a rt f eed i ng ri c e for a few day s .
C HA P E R T X V I II
PR E P A RI N G SQU AB S FO R M ARK E T
T wo Ma k t P i va t T ad
r e s, r d C mm i
e i M c h a t—G a th i g
r e an o ss on er n er n
Sq ab — K i ll i g Sq ab — P l ck i g d W a hi g— Shi p m t
u s n u s u n an s n en .
\V h en s q u a b s r e ac h t h e age of fo u r w eek s t he v a r e f u l l y
f eat h er ed an d are r ead y fo r m ark et A S t h e y r eac h t h is age .
th ey mu st b e col l ect ed and k i l l ed I n ord er to o b tai n t he b es t .
pri c es for sq u a b s o n e m u st n ot b e car el ess in pr e pa r i ng th em

for t he m a r k ets It is a p r ov en fact that a poo r l y d ressed
.
s p e c i m e n a lw a v s fai l t o co m m a n d a good pri c e th er e fo r e i t

s , ,
is t o t he a dva n t a ge o f t he b e e d e r t o s ee t h at ev er y s q u a b t h at
r
l av es his pl a nt is in ti p —to p c o n d i ti o n
e .
T h ere are tw o m a rk et s to w h i c h s q u ab s m ay b e s o l d ; o n e
is to t he p i v at e tra d e a n d t h e oth e r t o t he co mm i ss i o n m en
r
in t he l arger c iti es w h o a n n u a l l y h a n dl e th o u s a n d s of s q u ab s .
Fo r e ith e r m a r k et s q u a b s a r e k i ll ed pl u c k ed a n d cool e d in t he
, ,
s a m e m a n n er .
T h e af te r n o o n b e f o r e t he s q u ab s a re to b e k i l l e d w e go f ro m
pen to pe n a nd col l ec t a ll th at a re of m ark etabl e age a nd ca r r y

th em to t he d r ess i ng r m a nd pl ac e t h em in l a rge coop s ov er
oo
n i gh t . B y co l l ect i n g th e m at th i s ti m e th ey w i l l n t get a n y o
‘
f eed t he fol lo w i ng m o r n i n g an d w h en w e k i l l t h em w e fi nd v ery
l i ttl e f eed in th e i r c rop s It is ess en ti al to r em o v e al l f eed fro m
.
t h i r cro p in o rd er to h a v e th em a rri v e at d es t i n a t i o n in go d
e s o
co n d i ti o n .
B e fo re k i l l i ng a n y s qu a b w e h a v e a l ar ge gal v a n i z e d t u b
s
.
fi l l ed w i th c l w at e r (in t he s u mm r m o nth w e ad d ice ) I n

oo e s .
t h i s wat e i pl ac d a h a pi ng h a nd f u l o f t a b l e s al t T h i s is
r s e e .
do ne as t he alt t n d t m a k e t h qu a b m e at pl u m p a nd w h i t
s e s o e s e
1 14 P RO FI TA BL E PI G E O N BR EED I N G
in v ari abl y t ear t h e fl esh T h i s o p erati o n is r ep eat ed u n t i l th ey

.
h av e al l b een k i l l ed and p i ck ed N ev er k i l l a gr eat m a n y at

.
o n e ti m e a n d pu t th em in a p i l e A s t h ev ar e p i ck e d th e y ar e
.
t h row n i n to t he t u b of wat er m en ti o n ed abov e E ac h s q u ab h as .
its crop th oro u gh l y w a s h ed o u t b y fo r ci n g wat e r do w n it s throat .
T h i s is ea s i l y do n e w i th t h e ai d of a st r eam from a gard en h o se

n ozz l e . T h e s t r ea m can b e r egul at ed at t he s p i got or at t he
n ozz l e s o th at it w i l l wo r k n i c el y A ft er t h e c r op is fi l l e d w i th
.
wat er tak e th e s q u ab s h ead in t h e l eft h a nd its f eet in th e ri ght

‘
S QU A B S R E A DY FO R TH E COOK
h a n d and sh ak e it u p an d dow n I f t h ere is an y f eed in the .
c ro p i t w i l l b ec o me loo sen ed by th i s m oti o n and mix w i t h the

w at e r .L et t h e h ead d ro p s t i l l h o l d i n g t h e bi rd by t h e f eet
,
.
W at er a nd grai n w i l l c o m e o u t f its m o n th A co u pl e of s u c h
o .
o p rat i o ns w i l l u s u al l y r em ov e a ll gr ai n
e N ext w a s h t he b i rd
.
al l ov er c a re f u l l y r em ov i ng al l f o r ei gn m att er blood fi lth etc

, , , ,
. .
f ro m it f et a n d bod y A s soo n as al l t he s q u ab s h av e r ec ei v ed
s e .
th ei r fi n al w a h i ng w e i n v ari a b l y pack th em in ice and freez e

s
th em b e fo re s h i pp i ng T h i s g i v es th em a good s tart
. .
Fo r s h i p m e n t u e a c l e a n w o o d e n box t h at is en ti r e l y fr ee
s
PR E PA R IN G S Q U A BS FO R M A R KE T 1 15
fro m odors Th ese can b e fo u n d at al m o st an y groc ery stor e

. .
L i n e t h e bo x w i th cl ea n n ew s p ap er s or s om e h ea v y pap er a n d
'
all ow th e pap er to ext en d abov e th e s i d es of t he box so th at it '
can b e fol d e d o v er w h en t h e box is p ack e d C o v e r t h e botto m .
o f t h e box w i t h c r ack e d ice abo u t t h e s i z e f a pi ge o n s egg

’
o .
T h i s l ay er o f ice s ho u l d b e fro m t h r ee to f o u r i nc h es th i ck O n .
th i s p l ac e a l ay er of s q u ab s p ack i ng th em c lo s e to eac h ot h er
a n d alt er n at i n g h ead an d f eet O n t h ese pl ac e a n oth er lay er o f
.
ice th i s t i m e h av i n g i t fi n el v crack ed s o that i t w i l l fi l l al l

of th e sm al l s pac es a ro u n d t h e l ay er o f s q u a b s j u s t pu t in .
R e p eat th es e alt er n at e l av er s of ice an d s q u ab s u n t i l w i th i n

abo u t t h r ee i n c h es o f t he top o f t h e b o x I n t h i s s pac e is p l ac ed .
a not h er good t h i c k l av er o f ice an d o n t o p of th at abo u t two

co u rs es of p ap er J u s t b efor e n ai l i ng u p t h e pack a ge pl ac e a
.
c ard in s i d e s h o w i n g t h e n am e of t h e s h i p p er t he nu m b er o f ,
t he sh i p m en t t h e d at e s h i p p e d a n d t h e n u m b er an d w e i gh t s
,
o f t he s q u a b s A ll q u a b s s ho u l d b e w e i gh d b efo r e pack i n g
. s e .
D o n o t b e a frai d of u s i n g too m u c h ice R em em b er th a t ice is .
a gr eat d ea l c h eap er t ha n s q u a b m eat an d m o reo v er that th e

e x pr ess co m pa n i es w i l l al l o w a r ed u ct i o n of t w en t y fi v e per c en t -
o n t h e gro ss w e i ght o f t h e pack a ge fo r t h e ice Try t o pl ac e .
s q u ab s o f o n e s i z e in ea c h packa ge i f po ss i bl e T h i s m ay ca u se .
a n extra pack ag e or t w o b u t t h e s h i p m en t as a w h ol e pr es en t s
a b ett er a pp eara nc e u po n r eac h i n g t he m ark et and w i l l t en d ,
to bri ng b ett er pri c es N ew Y ork C h i ca go P h i l ad e l p h ia B o s to n

.
, , , ,
S an Fra n c i sco an d Sai nt Lo u i s al l h av e co mm i ss io n m erc h a n t s

, ,
w ho a re e a ger to get r egu lar s h i p m ent s a nd w h o ar e p ay i n g

go od pri c es T h e n a m es of t h es e fir m s w i l l ap p ear el sew h er e in
.
t h i s book .
F r p r i vat e tra d in t h
o . a m t w n qu a b s s h u l d b e dr essed
e e s e o s o
a nd d el i v r d in p a t b a rd c a rt o ns
e e a ch qu a b ca re f u l l y
s e o ,
e s
w r a p p e d in ti s s u pap r M ak e t he p acka ges as attra cti v e as

e e .
p i bl
o ss e .
l" s h i pm nt t
o r n a rb y t w n
e wh
o et ra i n a r f qu n t w
o s e re s e re e e
t h w i nt h i p b y x pr um m r
'
u se pa rc el p t o s a nd
. III e ia t h
e r s e ess e s e
m o n th s . W h n q ua bs a e sh i p p d
s b y parc l p s t w e w ra p
re e e o
1 16 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N B R EE D I N G
eac h on e caref u l l y in t i ss u e p ap er and pack t h em in a h eav y

cardboard carto n T h i s box is t h en wrapp ed in h eav y wrap
.
ping p ap er an d l ab e l ed P E RI SH AB L E B esid es t h e r eg u lar

“
-
.
po sta ge w e p l ac e a S p ec i al D el iv ery s tam p o n t he packa ge and

m ark t h e pack ag e pl ai n l y th ree or fo u r t im es SP E C IAL D E
“
L I V E RY. T h i s a ssu res i mm ed i at e d el iv ery at d est in at io n

.
1 18 R
P O F IT A BL E P I GE O N B R EE D I N G
n es t botto m s a re no t n ai l ed to t he cl eat s o n w h i c h t h ey r es t , ,
b u t ar e lai d in o n t h em an d a re t h er e for e r e m o v abl e for c l e a n

, ,
in g T h e botto m of an v typ e o f n es t s s ho u ld b e so co n str u ct ed

.
_
a s i t is t h e m o st s a n it a r v an d e ffic i en t m ethod o f co n s tr u c t io n .
In on e typ e of t he s i n gl e n es t s y st em th er e is a boa r d n ai l ed ,
acro ss t h e fro nt of t h e n est s T h i s boa r d is a on e i n c h b v fo u r

.
A T YP E O F SI N G L E N E S T S C O MM O N LY U S E D
Ph t f m W T H l m E l R O x a d C al i f
o o ro
'
. . e , io , n r , .
i nch st i p Th i i d n e t k e p t he n e ti ng m at eri al in t he
r . s s o o e s
n s t a nd t he y u n g
e q u a b f r m fal l i ng o ut o f t he n es t s
o s s o .
H o w ev r w h re ,
n e u s es n e t b o w l s t h i
e e
. o t ri p is h a rd ly n ec
s s s
e s a ry a n d m a y b
s o m i tt e d e n ti e l y
e r .
A n th o ty p e o f s i n gl e n es t ha b th t he f r nt s t ri p ac r
er s o o o ss
t he n s t s a n d t h c l e at a re m ad s
e e s l o ng a to c a rr y a r u nn i ng
e o s
b o a d o u ts i d e o f a nd ac oss t he f ro n t f t he nes t s Th i s typ e is

r r o .
t h a u th r s ch i c e a s it p ro v i d es a l i g hti ng pl ac e fo r t he bi rd s
'
e o o
NE S T IN G E QU I PMEN T 1 19
w h en t h ey go to the n es t and a l so serv es as a roo sti ng p l ac e

at n i gh t .
Sev er al y ear s ago t h e do u bl e n es t s y s t em ca m e i n to u se a n d

i
t is i n d eed a v er y good o n e a n d h as s t ead i l y gai n e d in po pu
l arit y. W e s h o w h er ew i th a w o r k i n g dra w i ng for a ti er o f

t h ese n es t s co n tai n i n g tw e lv e do u b l e n est s T h e dra w i ngs
.
app ear to b e so cl ea r th at a d etai l ed d es c r i pt io n hardl y s eem s

t o b e n ec ess ary for t he ord i n ary c arp en t e r can ea s i l y u n d er
s ta n d th em a n d t h e co n s t r u cti o n is s i m i l ar t o t h e s i n gl e n es t
A CL O S E U P O F BIRDS I N N E S T
No ti c th a t th y
e e v y t a m — Ph t f m J ack M P
are er e o o ro . un St ck t
o o n, C al .
s y st em in m a n y r es p ect s I n ev er y m od er n pi geo n l e ft th ere

.
s h o u l d b e t w o n es t s f r e v e ry pai r o f b i rd s a nd t h e th eory is
o
th at a pai r o f b i rd s h av i ng s q u ab s in t he n est w i l l soo n b u i ld

n e a r by a n d br eed a gai n To ai d th em in t h i s t he do u bl e n es t
.
is u sed for th i s s y s t em in a w ay s e pa ra t es e ac h two n es t s to

, ,
t h emsel v es by m ea n s o f a d i v i s i o n o n t he r u nn i ng board s It .
do es m u c h good an d e l i m i n at es q u i t e a b i t o f u nnec ess ary

fi gh ti ng th at w i l l go o n wi th t he s i ngl e n est s y s t em in u se .
T he d raw i ngs s h o w al l of t he l u m b er in th es e n es t s to b e
o ne i n c h t h i ck. O f co u rs e i t wo u ld b e m u c h b e tt er to h av e t h ese .
1 20 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N B R EE D IN G
t b u il t of cypress board s o ne h al f i n c h t h i ck The on e

n es s -
in c h m
.
at erial is ro u gh l u m b er b u t ser v es th e p u rpo s e al l righ t .
T h e th i nn er boa r d s wo u l d m ak e a m u ch n eat er j ob T h e n es t s
"
s ho u l d b e k ept u p as h i gh o ff t h e fl oor as po ss ibl e in ord er
to d i sco u ra ge b u i ld i n g on th e floor u n d er th e n est s as so m e
5 t:
m m
g "
D artw e i o z P 3 1 MP1 £
-
i
~
D0 0 5 LE Hw r é v é n
~ -
D
r o w n -
A l
y . r h u w Hl
a o n A ‘
S a a l e.
p i geo ns d el i gh t in do i ng O n t he oth er b a nd do no t pl ac e t he
.
to p o f t h e nest s w h ere yo u ca n not ea s i l y s ee i n t o an d r eac h

i n to t he top n est s .
N es t bowl s a re v e r y go d s q u a b h u a cce o ri e a nd ca rry

o o se ss s
o u t t h e p u rpo s e fo r w h i ch th e y w d i gn d b u t t he w ri t er
e re es e
f eel s t h at th ey ca n b e d i s p e ns d w it h that is t hat th ey are e ,
no t ab s o l u t ely n ec es s a r y as s o m e s eem to th i n k I h av e rai sed .
m a n y m or e h u n dr ed s q u ab s wi t h o u t t he ai d of n est bowl s t h an
C H APT ER Xx
N E STI N G M ATERI AL S
N es ti ng M a t i al C t a i
er — St aw — T b acc St
on ne r s r o o e m s— Pi ne N ee dl es
N e c it y f N ti g M a t i al
ess o es n er s .
i o
P ge ns , u n l i k e po u l try b u i l d t h e i r ow n n est s T h ey u se
, .
stra w h ay tobacco s t em s an d p i n e n ee dl es to b u il d t h eir n es t s

, ,
w i th . T h es e m a ter i al s s ho u l d th er efor e b e k ept b efore th e

, ,
b i rd s in th e loft s at al l t im es in so me sort of co ntai ner w h ic h

,
w i l l k eep th em cl ea n an d yet al low t h e b i rd s to get th em wit h

e a se . O l d b erry crat es a r e i d e al for th i s p u rpo se yet are so me
IC E P A IR O F B L U E R U N T S
A N
Ph t f m W i l n Pi g
o o ro Fa m W i l
so eon r , so n , K an .
ti m es h ard to get Ac co m pan y i ng t h i s c h apt er w e are p u b l ish

.
ing a d r awi ng s h ow i n g two s i ngl e n esti n g m at eri al rack s w h ic h

an y o n e w ho is h a n dy w i th tool s can v ery e a s il y co nstr u ct .
Stra w a nd h ay a r e good for n esti n g m at eri al exc ep t for t he

fact t h at l i c e and m i t es fi nd exc el l ent h o mes in th em We .
ad m i t t h at t he bi rd s l i k e to u se t h em o n acco u nt o f t h e i r l ig h t
NE S T I N G E Q U IP M E N T 1 23
s o m e, r
-
ic . Via w .
Fr o mi
‘ ‘
El e v a ti o n. Se e
‘
li
‘
o m
as T i aG M
AT E Q IA L C Q A T E . .
D a w n B FA + in u r n c1
y
r - r a a
5
. . r
1 24 PR O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
w e i gh t and th e ea se w i t h w h i c h t h e y m ay b e h a n dl ed b u t
t he wri t er co n s i d er s th em t h e l ea st d es i rabl e o f al l t h e abov e
m en tio n ed m at erial s .
Tobacco st em s h av e en j oy ed q u i t e a r ep u tati o n as a n est ing

m at eri al for p i geo n s T h ei r od er is obj ecti o n abl e to l ic e an d
.
th ey w i l l dri v e v ermin away H ow ev er w h en tob acco st ems

.
,
fi n
Sm a '
l
‘
io m kk
f fi
r o m l El
‘ ‘
z v a
'
li
’
o m .
M ar i ne MAT EQ IAL C Q AT I .
ci 1 2 2
1
-
. ,
b eco me dry th ey sh o u l d no t b e u sed for t h ey are m ore t h an

apt to b e th e ca u s e of m a n y a brok en egg The wri t er has .
g i v e n t h em e v ery fai r tri al b u t b e l i ev es t h at w h er ev er p o ssibl e

.
p i ne needl es s ho u ld b e u sed i nst ead of tobac co st ems or any

ot h er nesti ng mat eri al P i ne need l es are the l eav es of p ine
.
trees and are soft and p l iabl e and easil y w ork ed b y the b ird s .
.
O nl y dri ed need l es sh o u l d b e u sed t h o se t h at are rak ed u p

,
C HAP T ER XX I
SE LLI N G S QU AB B R E E D I N G S T O C K
R a i i g B d i g St ck a Pl a
s n r ee n — P v i g th a t Y
o g Bi d e su re ro n ou n r s are
Mat d B fe S ll i g T h m — P p
e o re Adv ti i g M d i m
e n e ro er er s n e u s
P lac i g P p P i c
n ro B d i g B i d — P p ly P pa d f
er r es on ree n r s ro er re re or
Shi p m t— K w i g H w t S l c t Sq ab t b R a i d — Adv ti
en no n o o e e u s o e se er s
i g Gai
n d f m E x hi b iti g— G i v i g C t m
ne ro a Litt l M n n us o er s e ore
T h a T h y E xp c t
.
n e e .
S o m e b r eed er s do n ot l i k e t he i d ea of k i ll i n g s q u ab s b u t pr ef er
to r ai se an d m at e th em an d th en pu t th em o n th e m ark et as
breed i ng stoc k T h i s pa r t of t h e p i geo n b r eed i ng b u s i n ess can
.
b e m ad e to pay h a n d so m e l y i f prop erl y m a n a ged and is a v ery

p l ea s a n t part of t he b u s i n ess .
I n a n ot h er c h apt er w e h av e d es cri b ed how yo u ngs t er s s h o u l d

b e prop erl y car e d for coop ed an d rai sed so w e w i l l h er e co n
, ,
c ern o u rs elv es at pr esen t o n l y w i t h t he s al e of t h e ad u l t b i rd s

, ,
.
B efor e o ff eri n g a n y pai r of bi rd s for s al e w e s ho u l d alway s

m ak e su r e f r o m o u r r ecord s th at th ey h av e act u al l y prod u c ed
at l ea st two pai rs of w h i t e m eat s q u ab s of t he pro p er s i z e .
T h i s wi l l ab s ol u t ely prov e t h at th ey are m at ed so as to prod u c e

prop er l y a n d t he righ t k i nd of s q u a b s for t he m ark et O f .
co u rse in o rd er to p l ac e o u r tock b efo r e th e p u b l ic w e m u st

,
s
s el ect a n adv e rti s i ng m ed i u m T h e b est o n e th at w e k n o w of .
is o n e of t h e l e ad i ng p i ge n p eriod i cal s as in th em yo u r ad v er
o
t is ing w i l l r eac h tho s e p eopl e th at a re m or e or l es s d i r ectl y

co nnect ed w i th t he p i g n b u s i ness an d a re i nt erest ed in w h at
eo
yo u h av e fo r s a l e Fro m t i m to ti m e as yo u r b u s i n ess grow s e -

.
, ,
yo u m i gh t p lac e a sm al l adv e rti s e m en t in t he p o u lt r y m a gaz i n es

in t h e cl a s s i fi ed a d d e p a rt m e n t in t he a m e d e pa rt m en t of or s
t he l e ad i ng S u n d a y a n d d a i l y n e w s pap e rs Y u w i l l fi nd t h a t . o
SE L L I NG SQU AB B R E E DI N G ST O C K 1 27
y o u r adv ert isement s in the sm al l p ap ers w il l not p ay you and

to adv ert ise in t h em is j u st l i k e t h row ing away mo ney t h a t
m i gh t ot h erw i s e b e w el l s p en t In w i ti n g yo u r adv ert isemen t s
. r
m ak e c l ea n c l ear cu t st a t em en t s B e s u r e t h at y o u r s ta t em en t s
,
-
.
ar e h o n est an d o ff er a l i b eral g u ara n t ee on y o u r b ird s Y ou .
can w el l a fford to do t h i s i f yo u h av e t h e ri gh t ki n d o f st ock
for s al e and you w i l l m ak e fri en d s of yo u r c u stom ers w h o w il l

“
l at er boo s t you ev ery c h a n c e t h ey get .
P l ac e a prop er pri c e o n yo u r s tock D o n o t ask t en dol l ars .
a p ai r for bi rd s t h at ar e wort h o n l y fi v e an d on th e ot h er h an d
do no t o ff er b i rd s wo rt h fi v e dol l a s a p ai r for th e sm all su m r
of th r ee dol l ars j u s t to m ak e s al es T h i s m i g h t bri ng s al es for .
a w h i l e b u t ev en t u al l y yo u w i l l bra n d yo u r stock as c h ea p an d
.
yo u rsel f as a c h eap m an an d t he p i g eo n b u y ing p u b l ic w il l

b u y el sew h er e for t h e y are s lowl y b u t su r el y b egi n nin g to st eer
c l ear of c h eap stock .
Sh i p o n l y w h at yo u pro m i se to s h i p ; t h at w h i c h yo u h av e tol d
yo u r c u sto m er he m i gh t ex p ect for h is m o ney See t h at ev ery .
b i rd l eav es yo u r p l a nt in t he v ery b est co n d iti o n po ss ib l e bot h ,
as r egard s h ealt h a nd f e ath er H av e th em al l pro p erl y ba n d ed

.
in pai r s wi t h n ew e p en ba n d s A l l of t h ese t h i n g s co u n t fo
. r
m or e th a n yo u can t h i n k .
I n ord er to prop erl y co n d u ct t h i s bra n c h o f t he b u s i n ess o ne

m u s t b e f u l l y pr e par ed to carry i t o n O n e o f the fi rs t r eq u i s i t es .
w h i ch w e b el i ev e g es t w a d m ak i n g f r s u cc ess is the k now l

o o r o
ed ge o f t he b ed e re c o n c e n i ng s l ecti o n of s q u a b s t h at are fi t
r r e
to rai se to m at u i ty Y u ca nn ot s av e j u s t any an d ev ery s q u a b

r . o
that co mes al n g a n d x p ect to d v el op t h em i n to a b i rd w h i c h

o e e
w i ll w h en s l d to a n t h er br eed er m ak e a good n a me f or you

,
o o , ,
to s ay n oth i ng o f t he u se l ess ex p ense of rai s i n g su c h s q u ab s .
An ld u l e h a n d ed do w n to m e a n d I th i n k i t an exc el l en t one
o r
is to s av e f r b eed i n g p u rpo ses o n l y s u c h s q u ab s as s h ow at

o r
fo u r w eek s of age a good large f a m e l arge f eet and s tock y r ,
l egs and as eq u al l y i m po ta n t a broad bac k a nd a w el l fo rm ed

,
r ,
b reast .A sq u ab w it h t h ese q u al it ies w il l inv ariab l y d ev elop

1 28 P R O FI TA BLE I
P GE O N B R E E DIN G
int o a breed in g b ird t h at can b e d ep en d ed u po n and o ne w h ic h
,
w i l l m ak e h is p u rc h a ser a sat i sfi ed c u sto m er o f yo u r s .
T h e n ext co n s i d erat io n is yo u r e q u i p m en t Y o u m u s t h av e
.
w h at is t erm ed Reari n g L oft s an d T est P en s T h e r eari n g

”
.
”
l oft s ar e t ho s e in w h i c h t h e yo u n gs t ers are k ept u nti l th e y ar e

m at ed T h e t est p en s are tho se in w h i c h t h e yo u n g m at ed pai r s
.
ar e d etai n ed an d al l ow ed to br ee d u n ti l w e a r e s at i s fi ed b e yo n d
W HI T E SILV E R K IN G S E AT I N G H E MP S E E D
AN D
Ph t f m H W B a n tt O akla d C al i f
o o ro . . r e , n , .
al l do u bt th at t h ey are prop erl y m at ed an d r ead y to b e so ld

or pu t i n to the br eed i ng loft s Th es e loft s are arra ng ed j ust
.
t h e sa m e a s t he br eed i n g l oft s b u t th ey s ho u l d b e prov i d ed in

ord er th at th e b i rd s in t he r eal b r eed i ng l oft s need not b e d is
t u rb ed by h av i ng yo u n g b i rd s a n d n ewl y m at e d pai rs pu t in
w i t h th em ev ery few d ay s To do th i s w o u l d resu l t in l ow er
.
egg prod u cti o n e xc ess i v e fi gh t i ng a n d m a n y brok e n eggs

, , T he .
bi rd s in the breed i ng l oft s are far b ett er o ff and p rod u c e more

ef fi c ientl y if l ef t to t h emselv es .
C H APT ER X X II
SHIPPI N G B RE E D I N G STO C K
C d M a n f Shi pp i g— N t C p N d d— Shi pp i g E ac h M a t d
ru e n er o n es oo s ee e n e
P a i in a S pa a t C m p a t m n t— P v i d i ng F d—B i ll f M a
r e r e o r e ro ee o
t i l f
er a Shi pp i g C p
or n oo s .
I t is i n d eed poor pol i cy to sh i p p i geo ns in a cru d e m a nn er for

w e m u s t r eal i z e t h at n o t o n l y w i l l t h e b i rd s b e su bj ect ed to
c ar el ess h a n d l i ng en ro u t e to d es t i n atio n b u t th e app eara n c e
of t h e crat e w i l l m ak e e i t h er a good or b ad i m press i o n o n t he
p arty to w h o m t h e b i rd s are co ns i gn ed and a bad i m press io n is
c ertai n l y not w h at is d es i red W e c a nn ot b u t f eel sorry for th e
.
m an w h o adv i ses s q u ab br eed er s an d es p ec i al l y t he b egi nn ers

that sh i pp i n g bi rd s in any k i n d o f a box w i l l b e al l ri gh t .
D o i n g th i n gs h al f w ay h as n e v er gott en an y on e v er y far an d
‘
c ertai n l y not w h en h e is d eal i ng w i t h th e p u bl i c .
I f o n l y a few b i rd s are to b e s h i p p ed s ay o n e pai r a l i ght , , ,
s u b sta n ti al n eat box of su ffi c i en t s iz e w i l l a n sw er t h e p u rpo se

,
w el l prov i d ed o n e en d is k n ock ed o u t and a s l att ed end su b

,
.
s t it u t ed . O n t h i s en d a sm al l tro u g h s h o u l d b e prov i d ed for

f eed and w at er c u p s to b e fa st en ed in T h ese c u p s sh o u ld .
h av e a smal l board in b etw een t h em of su c h h ei g h t t h at w il l

p ro h i bi t t he wat er fro m s pl a sh i ng ov er on the f eed Th e to p .
o f the box is t h en sl att ed al so T h i s al low s pl enty o f fres h air

'
to c i rc u l at e t h ro u g h th e crat e and al so k eep s the b i rd s fro m ‘
b ei n g su ffocat ed sh o u l d a car el ess ex pr ess messeng er p lac e

a n ot h er pack a ge o n top of t he crat e .
W e are fi rm b e l i ev ers in crati ng eac h pai r separat el y b eca u se

of t he fact th at w h en bi rd s are s h i p p ed in a b u n c h so me o f
t h em wi l l b ec o m e tra m pl d a n d k i ll ed t h ro u gh su ffocati o n We
e .
h av e pr epa red a dra w i ng s h ow i ng h ow ea s i l y an attract iv e and

I
SH P P N GI B RE E DI N G ST O C K 1 31
d u rabl e s h i pp i n g crat e can b e m ad e W h ere a br eed er s h i p s

.
m a n y b i rd s i t w i l l p ay him to o w n a su pp l y of t h es e crat es
a nd h av e i t t h oro u gh l y u n d er s tood t h at t h e crat es ar e to b e
ret u rn ed w h en the b i rd s are r emov ed t h er efro m at d est i n ati o n .
T h ey are r et u rned at a v ery low ex pr ess rat e .
A sm al l b ag of f eed s h o u l d b e attac h ed to th e to p o f the

s h i p p ing crat e w it h a s to u t s t ri n g Th i s b ag s ho u l d co n ta in
.
en o u gh f ee d to la s t t h e bi rd s thro u gho u t t h ei r j o u r n e y a n d d u e
A PE N OF Y E LL O W C A R N E A U X
Ph t f
o o ro m \V i l
so nPi g Fa m \V i l
eo n r . son, K an .
all owa nc e sh o u l d b e m ad e for d el ay s an d l ay ov ers A card -

.
s h o u l d b e attach e d to t h e crat e in p lai n s i g h t

, a sk i ng t h at t he
,
bi rd s b e fed and wat er ed dai l y at c ertai n h o u rs .
To sh i p s ev eral pai r s of b i rd s in one co mp art m ent is n ot h in g

m or e t h a n cr u el t y and is c ertai n l y a t h i n g t h at w i l l r esu l t in
m a n y d ead b i rd s .N o t o n l y t h i s b u t w h en m a n y b i rd s a re
s h i pp ed t oget hen m at ings i n vari abl y b eco m e brok en a nd t h e
party r ec ei v i ng t he bi rd s wi l l s ay t h at yo u h av e not sh i p p ed
m at ed pai rs w h en in r eal i ty t h ey m ay h av e l eft yo u r p l a n t
t h oro u gh l y m at ed .
A l i ttl e care and foret h o ug h t in sh i p pi ng breed i ng b i rd s w il l

go a l o ng wa y toward mak i ng s ati s fi ed c usto mers for yo u .
1 32 PR O FI A BLE PI G E O N B RE E DIN G
T
o m efi l
'
r
'
l co Vi c-W .
a m .
S HIP P mG C O O P Foa br
zt w mo S TO C K .
Dr a w n. by i A q r
-
r
-
Ha J
a a t-
B il l of M at erial for Shippin g C o ops
2 pi eces , i n c h by 1 0 i nc h ,
i nc h es lo ng
5 pi eces , i nc h by 1 2 i n c h es 1 4 ,
i n c h es lo ng .
2 pi ec es , i nc h b y i n c h es ,
i nc h es lo ng
1 p i ec es , i n ch by 3 i n c h es ,
i nc h es lo ng .
2 p i ec es , i n c h by 2 i nc h es ,
i nc h es lo ng .
1 6 pi ec es , i nc h by 1 i nc h 1 2 ,
i n c h es lo ng .
2 p i ec es , i nc h b y 1 i nc h ,
i n c h es l o n g
.
4 pi ec es , i nc h by i nc h ,
i nc h es lo ng .
3 p i ec es . i nc h by i nc h es 4 ,
i nc h es lo ng .
1 34 P R O FI T A BL E PI G E O N B RE E D IN G
nea rb y t ow ns T h is is in d eed a good t rad e for the squab

.
br eed er to cat er to for h av ing p l ea sed one h o u sew if e she wil l

in var iabl y t el l a n ot h er or ot h er s abo u t h av in g p u rc h a sed su c h
nic e s q u ab s fro m yo u an d in t h at w ay yo u r privat e trad e w il l
grow L ook t h ro u gh yo u r loft s an d see h ow m an y s qu ab s w il l

.
“
b e r eady for m ark et at a c erta in ti m e and t h en s en d ou t neat l y

typ ewri tt en or pri n t ed card s stat ing t h at you w i l l h av e so
m a n y s q u ab s r eady o n a Certai n d at e an d sol ic i t an ord er .
Sen d t h es e card s to p eopl e w h o m yo u k n ow can a fford to pay
H U N G A RI A N S
gr ac f l ca i a g — Ph t f
e u rr e o o ro m W i lson Pi g eo n Fa r m ,
Wil K s o n, an .
m a r k et pri c es for yo u r prod u ct J o i n th e Am eri c a n S q u ab

.
B r eed er s A ss oc i ati o n an d get t h e b en e fi t of t h e l i t erat u r e t h at

t h e y p u bl i s h and sel l to th ei r m em b ers at co st D i stri b u t e .
t h ese book l et s aro u nd amo ng p ro s p ect s an d yo u w i l l b e su r

p r i sed at t h e good t h at th ey w i l l do for yo u .
In s h i p pi n g or d el i v er i n g s q u ab s to p r iva t e trad e t he br eed er

.
m u s t b e v ery parti c u l ar t wrap t h e bi rd s u p n eatl y and com

o
pa ct ly I t is s u r pri s i ng to k n ow h ow m u c h a n eatl y wra p p e d

.
pack a ge c o u n t s fo r See t he l a s t two para grap h s in C h apt er 1 8

.
for adv i c e co nc er ni ng t he p re parati o n o f s q u ab s for p riv at e

trad e .
W O RK I N G UP A P. RIV AT E T R A D E 1 35
The nov ic e or smal l br eed er w h o has o n l y a few sq u ab s eac h

w eek w il l do far b ett er b y sel l ing to priv at e t rad e t h an b y
try i ng to m ark et his o u tp u t w i t h th e co mm i ssio n m en at some
d is tan t poi nt b eca u se o f t he lo n g h au l on sm al l sh ip ment s and
gr eat er ex p en se in h a n d l in g so few b ird s .
—
C t y
o u r es W o od , St bb
u s Co L i v i ll
ou s e, Ky .
M O N DA I N E S Q U A B RE A D Y FO R MA R K E T
M nd m S q ab w i ghi ng v H f
e e e u e o er ; lb s . ad y f ma k t
re or r e .
1 36 F TA B L E P I G E O N
PR O I B RE E DI N G
P GE ON B RE E DI N G
ou r tw el v e r ecord s in to o ne an d t h en w e h av e a st at em ent
w h ic h sh ow s u s ex actl y w h at th e co n d i t io n of t he b u siness is
at a gl a n c e— profi t or lo ss Not o n ly can w e b eco m e awar e of
.
h ow mu c h o u r profit or lo ss is b u t w e can arriv e at th e co st

o f f eed ing a p ai r of b i rd s per y ear and w h at m ay b e ex p ec ted as
,
a r et u rn fro m a pa ir of b ird s how m u c h ou r h i r ed h el p has

,
co st etc and w h at part of th e profit s has co m e fro m the s al e

, .
,
of s qu ab s w h at part from th e s al e of breed ing s tock etc

, , .
H A PP Y —A G I A N T R U N T
B d
re a nd o w ne d by K i g L f t H ay w a d C al N ti c
n o s, r , . o e t h e cu p h e w on .
A gr eat m a ny breed ers do n o t k n ow w h et h er t h ey are m ak ing

m o ney or not E ac h bra n c h o f t he b u si n ess sh o u l d b e s h ow n u p
.
as to r ec ei pt s a nd ex p enses W e can o n l y arri v e at t h ese fi gu r es

.
b y tab u l ati ng o u r ex p enses and r ec ei pt s e ac h mo nt h Leak s

‘
ma y b e occ u rri ng ri gh t al o ng an d m ay b e d epri v i ng t he br eed er

fro m rea p i ng a p ro fi t w h i c h he mi g h t j ustl y ex p ec t b ut w ith ou t
t h ese r ecord s we ca nno t d i scov er t h ese l ea k s ex c ep t b y accid ent .
Wh en we ma k e u p ou r y earl y st atements we must always

F I N AN C I AL RE C O RD S 1 39
ta k e o u r br eed ing stock b u il d in gs or p l ant and f eed on h and

,
int o acco u n t an d l ist t h em as an a sset O u r l iab il ities wo u l d

.
b e w h at ev er w e ow e O f co u r se w e m u s t c h arg e O ff a f air
.
a mo u n t for d epr ec i ati o n on ou r stock an d pl a n t B ot h m u st b e .
c h arged o ff y ea r l y as bot h d epr ec i at e a c ert a in am o u nt eac h

y ear P l ac e a fai r v al u e o n yo u r br eed i n g b i rd s w h en m ak ing
.
u p yo u r s tat em en t s— w h at yo u co u l d act u al l y se l l t h em for in
ca se you h ad to do so .
A P E N O F LA RG E RED CA RN E AU X
Ph t f m W i l
o o ro Pi g son eo n Fa m W i l
r , K
so n, an .
We s h o u l d k ee p a book k n ow n a ca s h boo k on w h ic h we
as
ent er mo n e y r ec ei v ed a nd d i s b u r s ed b efor e po sti n g t h ese in t h e
l edg er T he p u r p o s e O f t h i s is to s h ow to w h o m we h av e so l d
.
s q u ab s or br eed i ng s tock and fro m w h o m w e r ec eiv ed mo n e y
as w el l as fro m w h o m w e p u rc h a sed c ertai n i t em s an d h ow
mu c h we p ai d for eac h For exa mp l e Su pp o se on J u l y 15 th

. .
we sel l Jo h n Doe Sav a nn a h Ga tw el v e p a irs of Ho mers at

, , .
,
per p air O n ou r c ash boo k on the d eb it sid e we enter

.
t he transac tio n t h u s
1 40 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
Jul y 1 5 th J oh n D o e,
1 422 Wes t H arri s S tr eet ,
Sav a n n a h , Ca .
ai rs of
12 P H o m er s
T h e n o n t h e s a m e da t e
,
su ppo s e th at w e pay th e A da m s E x
press C o m pa n y for e x pr ess c h arges o n a s h ip m en t of
SQ I C I BQ L Sh !!
F
I M Q
'
L O e a
C 1m Q c c c i t s
c 3
p .
S A MPL E OF C A SH B O O K SH E E T S
sq u ab s t o a m a r k et in N ew Y o r k C i ty We en t er t h i s o n the .
C r ed i t s i d e o f t h e ca s h book w h i c h is t he ri gh t h a n d s i d e as
, ,
fol low s
J u l y 1 5 th Ada ms E x press C o mp a n y ,
Ex p r essag e o n sh i p ment of sq u ab s
to A Si l z Inc New Y ork C ity
.
, .
, .
1 42 P R O FI TA B LE I
P GE O N BRE E DI N G
op po sit e fro m t h o se on th e C a s h B ook For ex am pl e Su ppo se

. .
w e p u rch a se o n t h e 1 8 th of J u l y br eed i n g s tock to t h e v al u e of

W e en t er t h i s o n t h e di sb u rsem en t s i d e t h at is t he ri gh t
,
s i d e of t h e ca s h book a n d t h en po st it to t h e l edg er o n t h e
D eb i t or t h e l eft h a n d s i d e for as w e h av e j u st s ai d th e D eb it
s id e of t h e l e dg er s how s t h e e xp en se . Su p po s e th at w e p u rc h a s e
Sa m pl e LC d fiE r SH e afl I‘
S A MPL E OF L E D G E R SH E E T
on t he a me d at e f eed to t h e am o u n t o f
s L i k ewi se o n the ,
d i sb u rsem en t Si d e of the c a sh book w e ent er t h i s i t em and

t h en po s t i t i nto t he l ed ger on th e d ebi t s i d e p u tti ng t he en tri es
,
for eac h s u cc ess i v e d at e o n t he l i ne b en eat h t he prec ed i ng

o n e a n d in t he pro p er acco u n t .O n t he ot h er h a n d on t he
1 9 th o f Ju l y su pp o se t h at we sel l fi v e do z en s q u ab s at
FI N AN C I AL RE C O RD S 1 43
per do z en . p u rpo se of k eep i ng ou r r ecord s mor e acc u

For t h e
rat e w e u se al so w h at is k n ow n as a day book w h ic h is not h ing
m or e o r l ess tha n a J o u r n al If w e sh i p t h es e s q u ab s to a
.
co mm i ss i o n m erc h a n t w e m u st c h arge him w i t h t h em and th e

day book is t he prop er p l ac e for the en try as th er e is no ca s h
i n volv ed at th e ti me of s h i p m en t an d t h er efor e h e can not b e
S A M PL E T RI A L B A L A N C E SH E E T
c h arged w i t h t he sh i p m nt o n t he c a s h b o ok Fro m the d ay

e .
book w e po s t th i s t ran s act i o n i nt o t he l ed ger c h a rgi ng t he co m

mi ss io n m erc h a n t w i th a n d cr e d i t n t he S q u ab A cco u nt
w i th O n t he d ay bo o k o u r e ntry wo u l d s h o w t h e co m
miss i o n merc h a n t cr ed i t ed w i t h and t he s q u ab acco u nt
d eb i t ed w i t h as fol low s
1 44 PRO F I TABLE P I G E O N B RE E DIN G
b ts
De i C r e d its
J o hn D oe
N ew Y ork C i ty
5 do z en Sq u ab s
T h is ap pl i es o n l y to acco u nt s t h at are c h arg ed and w h en t he
co mm iss io n m erc h a n t m ak es his rem itta n c e w e t u rn to ou r
S A MPL E J O U R N A L SH E E T
ca sh book (not d ay book ) an d o n t he d ebi t s i d e o f s a me ent er

th i s r em i tta nc e w h i c h in t u r n is po st ed to the l ed ger o h the
-
cred i t s i d e O f J oh n D o e s acco u nt and no w o u r l ed ger s h ow s

‘
his acco u n t cl o s ed.
I t is in t h i s way t h at w e k now ex actl y at t h e en d of t he mo n t h

w h at o u r f eed h as co s t u s w h at o u r h ealt h gri t has co st u s etc
, , .
,
C HAP T ER X X V
S H A LL I E X H IBI T A N D W H E RE !
The Sh ows B t P lac t L a Q al i t y f B i d — A d v ti m n t

the es e o e rn u o r s er se e
t
o b Gai d by E x hi b iti g— A tt
e ne d i g Sh w P al l y— S i n g
n en n o s er son ee
the J dg a t XV k — Sh w B i ld i n g p Pi g
u es OrI n d t y— S l c t
o s u u eo n us r e e
i g a P lac
n t E x hi b it e o .
T he av era ge p i geo n b r ee d er wa n t s to ex h i bi t his b i rd s in

co m p etit io n w i t h oth er s in ord er th at h e m ay l earn how his
co m par e w i t h th e s tan dard in t h e eye of a co m p et en t j u d ge .
W e a r e al l m or e or l ess ea ger to br eed b ett er b i rd s t ha n ou r

f el low br eed er ; w e are w an ti n g to do j u st a tri fl e b ett er t h an
t h e oth er m an O f co u r se th er e ar e s o m e w h o ar e i n d i ff er en t an d
.
w h o do n o t ca r e T h ese ar e t h e o n es t h at n ev er get v ery far

. .
B y al l m e a n s get t h e h ab i t of e x h ib i t i n g yo u r b i rd s at t h r ee
s ho w s at l ea s t e ac h y e ar
,
It is t h e ar en a in w h i ch t h e b es t are
,
.
pi ck ed o u t an d a w ar d s pl ac ed o n th em I t is t h e pl ac e w h er e . .
w e fi nd o u t w h o has b een s u cc es s f u l in prod u c i n g bi rd s t h at

ca n w in T h e m a n w h o s i t s dow n in his own pl a n t an d co n
.
t ent s h i m sel f w i t h m erel y breed i ng b i rd s and not s h ow i n g

th em can n ev er hop e to m ak e mu c h of a su cc ess u n l ess h e is
fort u n at e eno u gh to h av e his b i r d s w in in t he h a n d s O f his
c u sto m ers I k now o f n o b ett er pl ac e for the k now al l n ov i c e
.
“
to b e bro u ght to his s ens es th a n in the s how roo m It is t h er e .
th at h e l ea rns t h a t he m u st w ork h ard to prod u c e b i rd s t h at

ca n w in I t is a n e a s y m att er for a b egi n ner to go t h ro u g h h is
.
pl a n t an d as h e look s o v er h is b i rd s p i ct u r e t h em as the b es t
t h ere a r b u t i f h e w i l l ex h i bi t th em in k een co m p eti t i o n he
e,
w i l l so n fi n d u t a n d h av i ng fo u n d o u t h e w i l l b e in a b ett er
o o
p i ti o n t s i z e u p h is b i rd s a nd b e gov er n ed accord i ngl y It

os o .
is to t h ad v a n ta ge o f t he b egi n ner to ex h i b i t his bi rd s as s oo n

e
a s po ss i bl e .
SH A L L I E X H B I IT AN D WH E RE ! 147
T h ere is in d eed o n e gr eat adv an tag e in ex h i b it ing p i geo ns

in o u r l ead i n g s h ow s look i n g at th e m at t er in a co mm erc i al
'
l i gh t T h at adv an tag e is A dv erti sem en t T h ere is an u n l i m i t ed

. .
a m o u nt of good adv erti s i n g to b e obtai n ed from ex h ib i t ing .
S h o u l d yo u w in pr iz es yo u r n a m e w i l l b e bro u g h t in to t h e
l i m el i g h t ; it w i l l b e wri tt en u p in t he p i g eo n press an d you
yo ur s el f can u se p ai d for adv erti s i ng s ett ing fo rth th e fact t h a t
,
you h av e w on B r eed ers an d es p ec i al l y b egi nn er s alway s

.
, ,
wa n t to p u rc h a se breed i n g stock from a m an w h o can win

p riz es in k een co m p et iti o n T h ey ar e corr ect in t his d es i r e
. .
I f a m a n can prod u c e b i rd s th at can w in in su c h co m p eti tio n it
W H I TE
KIN G S O N LO FT RO O F
Bi d f m thi t a i m ad a b ig w i a t t h 1 9 2 1 N at i al Pi g
r s ro s s r n e n e on eo n
Sh w — Ph t f m H W B a tt O akla n d C al i f
o o o ro . . r ne , , .
p rov es t h at h e is breed i ng h is s tock alo n g t he corr ect l i nes and

t h at is j u s t t he k i n d of s toc k p eopl e w a nt Y o u m ay s el l a few .
b i rd s by adv ert i s i ng an d not s h owi ng b u t the m i nu t e yo u can

adv erti s e b i rd s th at h av e b een ex h i b i t ed and h av e w on for yo u
i n q u i ri es w i l l b e fort h co m i ng fro m t h o se d es i ri ng yo u r s tock .
P i c k u p an y o n e o f th e p i geo n p eri od i cal s an d yo u w i l l s ee a
great m a n y o f o u r l e ad i n g br eed ers ad v e rti s i n g t h e i r w i nn i ngs

at t he larges t s ho w s T h ey m ak e m o s t of t h ei r s al es o n acco u nt
.
o f th s e w i nn i ngs
e I f th ey c u ld n o t a nd d i d n o t w in th e y
. o
wo u l d no t b e l i s t ed as an d c o n s i d er ed as b ei ng a m o ng o u r
l ead ers .
We s h o u l d not o n l y ex h i bi t ou r b i rd s b u t i f p o ss i bl e we s h o u l d
148 P R O FI TA B L E I
P GE ON BRE E D I N G
att en d th e S h ow s in p ers o n In the S h ow room m an y ex p erien c es

.
are r el at ed an d m a n y good po i n t s co n c ern in g br eed i n g m at in g , ,
c u l l ing etc ar e l earned N ot o n l y th i s b u t you ar e bro u g h t in

, .
, .
to u c h w it h th e m o st pro m i n ent br eed ers you get th ei r v iew s ,
o n v ario u s su bj ect s an d abov e al l yo u j o i n in a good f el low s h ip
t h at ca nn ot b e su rpa ssed .
T h ere is a n ot h er r ea son w h y you s ho u l d i f po ss i b l e att end , ,
t h e s h ow s I n a gr e at m a n y c a ses yo u can see t h e j u d ges at

.
SILV E R K I N G S
A b a ti f l b i d
e u u r re c t l y ad m itt d t t h K i g St a da
en e o e n n rd — Ph o t o f ro m
J ack M P . St ck t C al i f
u n, o o n, .
w o rk m a k in g t he‘
T h i s s h o u ld b e ind eed v al u ab l e
’
award s .
to t he o ld breed er and t h e nov i c e al i k e Y o u can s ee for yo u r

.
.
s e lf w h y o n e b i rd wi n s ov er a n ot h e r a n d s h o u l d yo u n ot b e ab l e ~
, ,
to fatho m i t t he j u dg e wi l l i f he b e t he ri g h t so rt t ell you his

, ,
' -
r ea so n for pl ac i ng t he awa r d s as he d i d .
P i g eo n s h o w s go a l o ng way towa r d b u i ld i ng u p t he b u s i n ess .
T h ese s how s attract a great ma n y v i s i tors w ho i nvari abl y con

tract a v ery se v er e c a se o f p i geo n f ev e r o n the s pot Inv aria
“
-
”
.
bly th i s m ea n s a n ot h er b egi nn er add ed to o u r l i s t an d so me o ne

w il l h av e an o pp ort unit y of su pp l y ing br eed ing stoc k to him .
C H AP T ER X X V I
RO DE N T S AN D T H IE VES
C o m m on E n em i es of t he Pi g eo n B r ee d er a n d H O W t o G e t R id of Th e m .
S parrow s an d m ic e are pro bab l y the m o st co m m o n en emies

t h at th e p i geo n breed er has to co nt en d w it h H ow ev er w it h a .
,
l i ttl e c a r e an d foret h o u g h t t h ese can b e v ery ea sil y g u ard ed

a gai ns t .
I f t h e br eed er l iv es in a n ei g h bor h ood w h er e s p arrow s are

p l en ti f u l h e wo u l d b e wi se to cov er his fl ys w it h on e in c h m esh
w i r e i n s t ead o f two i n c h A s p arrow ca nn ot get t h ro u g h th e
.
fo rm er b u t h e can get t h ro u gh the l att er S parrow s w il l eat .
q u i t e an am o u n t o f grai n ou t o f a p i g eo n pen in t h e co u rse of

a y ear SO th ey sh o u l d b e k ept o u t i f po ss i bl e .
“
A s a prot e ct i o n a gai n s t m i c e a n d rat s sev eral m et h od s may b e

u s ed W e h av e fo u n d St earn s E l ectri c P a st e p l ac ed on sm al l
.
’
p i ec es O f fres h bread an d pu t in an o u t o f the way p l ac e in

t h e l oft s (w h er e t h e b i rd s c a n n ot get it ) w il l prov e v ery effec
ti v e O f co u rse sm al l m o u se trap s m ay b e r esort ed t o
. .
Th e wri t er h as at h is form er h o m e a cat n ow abo u t six

, , ,
y ears ol d wh i c h h e rai sed in his p igeo n l oft s an d t h is cat n ev er

tro u bl es a s q u ab n or an ol d b i rd and n ev er h as do ne so M a ny .
a v is i tor has l ook ed su rprised to see u s l et Tom int o the p ens

b ut t h ey v ery s oo n fi n d ou t t h a t h e w il l n ot h arm t h e s q u ab s
in an y w ay T h i s cat h as k ept m y loft s prac tic al l y free fro m
.
m i c e for th e p a st s ix y ears an d h as n ev er eat en a Sin gl e s qu ab

'
t h o u gh I h av e k ept h im lock ed u p in the loft s at nig h t m a n y a

ti m e H e w as pl ac ed in the l oft s w h en a v ery yo ung k itten and
.
trai ned to catc h m i c e not sq u ab s It w il l p a y breed ers to own

, .
su c h a cat b u t w h en you tr y t h is b e su r e t h a t the cat is p ro p erl y
fed at th e h o u se .
R O DE N T S AN D T HI E VE S 1 51
It is an e xtremel y h ard m att er to k eep rat s an d m i c e o u t o f

th e l oft s b eca u se t h e prop erl y co n st ru ct ed loft s are O p en m or e .
or l ess all o f the ti me an d i t is thro u gh th ese op en i n g s t h at t he

p est s ga in ad m i tta n c e d u ri ng th e n ig h t .
E x p eri en c e h as prov en to m e t h at i t is a good i d e a to k ee p

a good dog aro u n d th e p l a n t su c h as a Fo x T erri er Pit Bu l l o r ,
Ai r ed al e A b u rgl ar co n fro n t i n g a n y o n e o f t h ese w i l l u su al l y

.
b eat a h a s ty r etr eat .
TOM —M Y MO U SE R
B t a
es sse t to a p ig eo n pla n t p v i d d h i t a i d
ro e e s r ne to ca t c h— m i c e.
C H AP T E R XX V II
T H E A D V A N T A GE O F A ST A N D A R D
St a n da d W itt w ith a D fi it A im i V i w— R l t f g i g
r s r en e n e n e esu s O i nor n
St a da d— L a i g d I t p ti g St a n da d
n r e rn n an d it R wa d n er re n r s an s e r
Adva t a g f B d i g B i d t a St a n da d— St a n da d a G i d
n e o r ee n r s o r r s u e
f
or th B gi e d Al
e th B d
nner , an so e r ee er .
I t is su rpri s i n g to k n o w h ow m a n y p eopl e w h o ent er the s q u ab

b u s i ness or th at of breed i ng p i geo n s fo r get t h at t h ei r breed h as
a s ta n dard of p erf ect i on an d y ear aft er y ear t h ey go o n breed
ing th e i r bi rd s w i t h b u t o n e aim in V i ew n a m e l y : t h at o f pro ,
d u cing s q u ab s fo r gett i ng en ti r el y t h e b en efit s t o b e d eri v ed

,
from ca re f u l l y stu d v ing t h e sta n da r d an d p u tt i n g i t i n to u se .
W h en sta n dard s a re m ad e u p by t h e l ead i n g br eed ers th e y

a r e no t t ho u ght o u t an d co m p i l ed w i t h o u t a ny d e fi n it e i d ea in
v i ew b u t ar e w r i tt en wi th a n a im to w a r d b ett er i ng t h e breed
both fro m a co mm erc i al s tan d poi n t as w e l l as fro m t h at o f
e x h i bi t i o n To d i sr egard o u r sta n dard s and j u st work w i t h o u t
.
a n y a im in v i ew is s i m pl y wa st i ng ti m e a n d m o n e y to say
n ot h i n g of h u r ti ng t h e b r ee d w e h a v e cho s en To ow n a copy .
o f t he sta nda rd for o u r ch o sen br eed an d n ot s t u d y i t car ef u l l y

is n oth i ng s h o r t of foll y T h e s ta n dard is a g u i d e by wh i c h al l
.
b reed ers sh o u l d w ork an d b y do i n g so b ett er th ei r stoc k in ev ery

w a y po ss i b l e H o w fool i s h i t is to p u rc h a se good s tock an d
.
al lo w th ei r O ff s p r i n g to m at e u p p ro m i s c u o u s l y ; to k eep ev ery
bi rd j u s t b ec a u s e i t is o n e m ore in t he le ft w h en w e k now t h at
a great m a n y o f th ese s p ec i m ens do n o t ent er t he s p ec i fi catio ns
o f t h e s ta n d a rd I f s u ch is al l o w e d to go o n a nd o n we get
.
f u rt h e r a w ay f ro m o u r i d ea ! w h i l e the w i s e breed er is gett i ng

c l o ser and c lo ser to it The ti me w i l l co me w h en ou r Ru nt s or
.
ou r Mal tese or w h at ev er t he br eed m ig h t b e w i l l l oo k no mo re ,

1 54 P R O F I T A BLE -
P I GE O N BR E E D I N G
br eed s u sed for co mm erc ial squ ab p rod u ct io n The long er t h is .
n on att en ti o n to sta n dard s k eep s u p th e p oor er in gr ad e do es

-
t h e O ff s pri n g get W h o se fa u lt is i t t h at t h i s h app ens ! Su r el y

.
t h e b i rd s ca nn ot b e b l a m ed for it .
W e ca nn ot h op e to prod u c e h i gh grad e s p ec im ens for ex hib i

t io n b y ignori ng the sta n dard s in m at ing our b ird s If you f eel .
th at you can do so try i t for a w h il e an d th en ent er yo u r b ird s

in k een co m p et i t io n w i th t h o se b e lo n gi n g to t h e m an w h o h as
A PE N OF W HI T E KIN G S
Ph t f
o o ro m Vil
\ so n P IL QO H Fa m W i l
r , so n, K an .
w o rk ed h ard an d w ho has b een gu i d ed by t he sta n dard T he .
c h a n c es a re a gr at m a ny ti m es in his favor H e has work ed

e .
f r a nd ha s v e r y p r b abl y s e c u r ed wh at yo u h av e n o t work ed
o o
f r a n d h av e n t ac c o m p l i s h ed
o o Il e has br e d his bi rd s so t h at
.
th e y w i l l mee t t he r eq u i rem en t s of t he s ta ndard and you h av e .
no t . T he r es u l t is t h at h e r e ap s t he r eward a nd you v ery

probabl y b ei ng d i sappoi nt ed bla me yo u r stock and at the same
, ,
TH E A DVAN TA GE OF A STAND A R D 55
t ime f org et t h a t no one or a n y th ing is at fau l t b u t y o u rsel f

for you h av e not g iv en yo u r bi rd s a fa ir s qu ar e c h a n c e .
T h e wi se br eed er w i l l get h is copy of t he s ta n dard an d l ear n

it n ot o n l y al m o s t v erbati m b u t h e go es ev en f u rt h er an d
, ,
en d e avors to in t erpr et t h e m e a n i ng of e ac h p art of it form in g
a m en tal p ict u r e o f j u st w h at is r eq u i red to m ak e u p eac h

s ect io n o f t h e i d eal b i rd of his br ee d W h en h e u s es t h is m et h od
.
h e w i l l h av e s tart ed corr ectl y b ec a u s e i t is t h e o n l y m a n n er in

w h i c h h e can k n ow h ow to m at e h is b i rd s or al low t h em to
m at e so as to prod u c e th e b es t po ss i b l e r esu l t s T h e ot h er wi se
.
br eed er do es t h e s am e th i ng and t h e o n l y w ay t h at w e can

prod u c e b ett er b i rd s th a n his is to s t u d y th e sta n dard and l ea rn
al l w e can an d see th ro u gh th e m ea n i n g of th e sta n dard b ett er
th a n h e can or do es .
To t h e m i n d of t h e wri t er t he br eed er w ho l earns fro m th e

,
sta n dard w h at is r e q u i r ed an d t h en s tri v es to br eed his b i rd s
to m eet t h ese req u i r em en t s as b est h e can is o n th e road to

,
s u cc es s— to p r od u c e b i rd s t hat a r e b ett er e xh i b i t i o n s p e c i m en s
a nd b ett er s q u ab p r o d u c er s th a n h is f e l low br eed er— t h en ev e ry
o ne w i l l w a n t h is s tock O n e m a y n o t h av e t h e v ery b es t s tock

.
at t h e o u t s et b u t i f h e w i l l u se a l i ttl e j u d gm en t fo l low t he
,
s ta n d ard ,
and h as t h e n erv e to c u l l a n d c u l l ti l l i t h u rt s h e
w i ll s oo n get to t h e to p of t h e l add er a n d w i l l m eet co m p eti ti o n

a n yw h er e a nd no t b e af r ai d o f t he r es u lt s b u t he can do i t in
o n l y o n e way n am el y by k n owi n g w hat is r eq u i r ed and p u tti ng
, ,
i n to practi c e s u c h breedi n g t h at w i l l prod u c e s tan d ard s p ec i

m ens a n d; t h is k nowl ed ge m u st co m e f r o m t he s ta n d ard for h is
b reed .
Sta n da rd s a re m ad e for a p u rpo se and th at p u rpo se is noth i ng

mor e or l ess t h a n a gu i d e for t h e br eed er To l ear n w h at t he
'
s ta n d a r d r eq u i r es an d t h en ap pl y i t is o ne of t h e m o s t ess e nt i al
th i ngs in h a n d l i ng any breed .
I do no t b el i ev e t h at t he p erf ect s p ec i me n O f an y br ee d h as
ev er b een prod u c ed ,
at l ea s t I h av e nev er seen o r h eard O f i t .
O n t he ot h e r h a n d t h o u s a n d s o f bi rd s are r a i sed ev er y y ea r
1 56 P R O F I T ABLE P IGE O N B RE E DI N G
th at co me c lo se to w h at the stan dard cal l s for and w h en you

ca n br eed s u c h bi rd s as t h ese yo u can ex p ect to m ak e a s u cc ess ,
n o t o n l y in t h e s ho w roo m b u t in t h e co m m er c i al p l a n t as w e ll .
T herefo r e b reed to t h e s ta n dard

, .
S K U LL
IR I S
" ppp e a
H A N DIB L E
T
(
M A N D IB L E .
B R EAS T
\ co v a ar s
“
T H IG H
-
FE E T
LAT E S T A (
" R N E AU ID E A L
1 58 P R O FI TA BLE P GE ON I B RE E DI N G
It ,t h erefor e b eh oov es the b eg inner to b e caref u l in p u rc h as ing

,
H o m er s an d b e su r e t h at h e is getti n g t h e l ar ger siz e b ird s .
D o not p u rc h a se H o m er s j u s t b eca u se t h ey ar e H o m ers for on e

w il l b e di s appo in t ed w it h th e sm al l S iz e b ird s t h erefore d em and
,
th e l arg er .
T h e wri t er sev eral y e ar s ago ow n ed a l ar ge p l a n t of H o m ers

, , ,
R A CI N G H O M E R O N E G G S
Ph t f m U S N av y Pi g
o o ro . . S vic eo n er e.
one O f the l arges t in th e s tat e of So u t h C arol i na and he fo u n d ,
th em to b e exc el l ent breed ers It is tru e th at o nc e in a w h il e

.
th ey th r ew dark m eat s q u ab s b u t t h ey w ere few and far

b etw een and i f the nov i c e l i k es th e H o m er an d w il l get t he
correct stock he w i l l not regret i t .
T h i s b reed is fo u n d in practi cal l y ev er y color in w h ic h p i g eo ns

ar e br ed , s u c h as w h i t e b l ack
,
bl u e barred bl u e c h ec k er red
, , ,
HO ME RS 1 59
c h ec k er d u n s p la sh ed etc T h ey are v ery pr etty b ird s and a

, , , .
l arge nu m b er o f t h em m ak es a v ery i m press i v e s i gh t .
M y adv i c e to t h e ma n w h o ow ns H o m ers is to c u l l cl o s el y
a n d w isel y B y car ef u l s el ect i o n h e can s oo n b u il d u p a stra in
.
of the l arger s i z e b i rd s .
X C E LL E N T
AN E W HI T E KIN G CO CK
No ti c e su p b t yp — Ph t f
er e o o ro m J ack M P
. un, St ck t
o o n, C al i f .
C HA P T E R XX I X
K IN GS
W hit e K i g D c i p ti
n s, es r on an d i i
Or g n —E xc e ll e n t Sq ab P d c
u ro u er s
I d al E x hi b iti Bi d
e on r s — Si lv e r Ki n gs , D c i p ti
es r d O igi
on an r n .
\VH IT E K IN GS : T h e W h it e K ing is a b ird o f Am eric an

ori gi n Sev eral breed ers h av e cl ai m ed the cred i t of h av ing
.
ori gi n at ed th i s breed b u t a u t hori t i es h av e not so far b een abl e

to es tabl i s h w i t h an y d egree of c ertai nty to w h o m t he cr ed it
b e lo n gs . A M r H arry Trot h is c l ai m e d by s o m e to h av e b een
.
t h e ori gi n ator w h i l e ot h ers s tat e t h at a M r H arry B ak e r of .

,
El m er N J is t h e m a n w ho gav e u s th i s gra n d br e ed It is
‘
. . .
, ,
s ai d
,
al so t h at t he W h it e K i ng w as prod u c ed by bl en di n g t h
,
bl ood of th e W h i t e Swi ss M o nd ai n e t he D u c h ess t h e Flor en , ,
t i n e a n d t he Po u t er and so m e say th e D ragoo n H ow tru e m ay .
b e t h e fact s co n c er n i n g t h e ori gi n ator a n d t h e blood b l en died

I am n o t in a po s i ti o n to sa y b u t w h at p l ea s es t he W h i t e K i n g
breed ers O f tod ay m o s t is th at ou t o f t h e d im p a st has co m e t h i s
b ea u t i f u l sn ow w h i t e pi geo n th at is rap i dl y forgi ng a h ead an d
m ak i n g for i t sel f a r em arkab l e r ecord an d r ep u tati o n as a mo s t
p rofitabl e s q u ab prod u c er an d an i d eal ex h i bi ti o n b i rd Sev eral .
y ea rs ago t he m o st p ro m i n en t W h i t e K i n g breed ers a ssem bl ed

to geth er a nd form ed a n a ssoc i ati o n for t he adv a n c em en t o f t he
i n t erest s o f t h i s b r eed T h i s a ssoc i ati o n w as o r i gi n al l y k now n
.
a s t h e Am er i ca n W h i t e K i n g Ass oc iat io n b u t at t h e a nn u al
m eeti ng h el d at O ak l an d C al i forn i a in J a n u ary 1 92 1 t he S i lv er

, , ,
K i ng w as ad mi tt ed to the s ta ndard and t he a ssoc i at io n s n a me ’
w as c h a ng ed to t he Ameri ca n Ki ng C l u b and a n ew sta ndard

ado pt ed .
The W h i te K ing is a med iu m si z e bi rd j u st the siz e to b e a ,

1 62 P RO F I TA BLE P I G E O N B R E E D IN G
h av e the p erf ectl y ro u n d eye c er e w h ic h sh o u l d b e b eet r ed in .
color T h i s h ap py co m b i n at io n of b eet red c er e and brow nish

.
b l ack i ri s is i n d eed b ea u t i f u l s et agai nst a snow w h it e back

,
gro u n d .
T h e n eck O i t h e W h i t e K i n g sh o u l d b e car ef u l l y br ed for an d

at n o ti m e s ho u l d w e al low o u rs el v es to br eed for b u ll n ec k
s p ec i m en s It is in d eed e a sy to do t h i s an d th e a u t h or h as
.
n oti c ed a gr eat m a n y K i n gs t h at h av e h ad exc e l l en t typ e w it h
SILV E R K I N G H E N
G d t yp S i lv K i g H w i
oo e er f 2 d p iz
n en, a t th
n n er o n r e e 1921 N a ti a
on l
a t O akla nd — Ph t f m Jack M P
o o St ck t C al i f
ro . u n, o o n, o rn ia .
th at exc e pti o n W h at t he sta nd a r d c al l s for is a mod erat el y

.
l o ng n ck o ne b e i ng a h ap py m ed i u m b etw een a b u l l neck and

e ,
a l ng l nd r o ne a nd i t h o u l d b l e n d grac fu l l y i n to t he broad
o s e e ,
s e
s h o u ld e r a nd b rea s t s o typi cal of th i s br eed

s .
T h e ti m e is n o t far d i s ta n t w h e n t h e w i ngs of t h e \Vh ite K im:

w er e l o ng a nd th e i r w i ng b u tt s s to o d o u t and away fro m
t he sh o u ld ers b ut i t is i nd eed grati fyi ng to k n ow t h at t he
I
K N GS 1 63
s ta n dard new cal l s for a sh ort er w i n g one th at is w e l l fol d ed

!
,
a gai n st th e bod y and h av i n g th e t i p s abo u t th r ee q u art ers of

a n i n c h in fro n t o f t h e ti p of t h e tai l D i s card b i rd s w h i c h
.
ar e h a b i t u al l y c arry i n g t h e i r w i n gs c l ear of t h e top of t h e tai l
a n d s howi n g an y droop ed w i n g t en d en c i es Stri v e to br eed .
s p ec i m en s th at h av e w i n g b u tt s n e atl y cov er e d by br e a s t feath
er s fo r t h i s m ak es a m u c h b ett er ap p eara n c e fro m t h e fro n t v i ew .
In t he back w e sh o u l d h av e o n e of m ed i u m l en gth an d s a m e
s h o u ld b e broad j u st as m u c h so as po ss i bl e and t h i s breadt h
,
A PE N O F E X C E LL E N T SQ U A B BR E E DI N G K I N G S
Ph t f m J ack M P
o o ro St ck t n C al i f
. u n, o o , .
s ho u l d\ r u n fro m s h o u l d ers to tai l Try to avo i d br eed i ng fro m

.
narro w b ack s p ec i me n s if i t can b e h el p ed .
A l ng n a rro w tai l d s p e c i m e n is n o t o n l y u n d es i rabl e b u t is

o e
v e ry u ns i gh tl y as is o ne w h i c h w i l l i nva r i abl y t h row t h e tai l

u pw a rd . I b e l i e v th i s l att er p o i nt is to b e f o u n d m s tl y in t he
e o
f m al es T he tai l s h o u l d b e rath er s ho rt an d by a l l m ea ns i t
e .
s ho u l d b e b ro ad . I t is fa r b ett er in m y o pi n i o n to b re ed fro m
, ,
a b i rd w i th a l itt l e l o nger tai l th a n is d es i red t h a n fro m o ne

w it h a n a r r w ta i l
o U s u al l y a bi r d h a v i ng a n arr o w tai l h as a
.
n a rr w ba ck a n d th i s i n t d e i red a
o s o ha s b e e n e x plai n ed : e l se
s s
w h ere in t he pa ges o f th i s b o k T he c a rr i a ge o f t he ta i l is of
o .
great im portan c e an d it sh o u l d al w ay s b e p aral l e l w it h the

gro u n d .
Th e br e a s t s h o u l d s ta n d o u t pro m i n en tl y an d S h o w goo d
w i dt h at fro n t and s i d es and es p ec i al l y sh o u l d it S h o w w ell
ro u n d ed l i n es bl endi n g grac ef u l l y i n to t h e n eck an d ea sing
n eatl y to t h e low er port io n of t h e body .
T h e bod y o f t h i s b i rd s h o u l d b e stri ctl y o n h ori z o n tal l in es .
T he K i n g w as n ev er i n t en d ed to b e a b i rd of v erti cal l i n es and as

s h ap e m ak es t h e br ee d t h es e h ori z o n tal l i n es h av e m ad e t h e
K i ng a n en ti r el y s eparat e b r eed Stri ctl y s p eak i ng t he K in g

.
is a v ery co m pact b ird in bod y an d s h o u l d br eed v ery clo se to

t h e s ta n d ard es p ec i al l y in th i s r es p ect B r eed for a m ed iu m
.
l engt h b i rd w it h broad d eep and w el l ro u n d ed bod y B e su r e

, .
th at th er e is co r r ect d e pth fro m b ac k to k eel an d t h at the k eel

is s trai ght .
Th e l egs s h o u l d b e of m ed i u m l en gt h an d s trai gh t . I n colo r

t h e y s h o u ld b e bri ght r ed N o f eath eri ng o n s ha n k s an d t o es
.
is al low e d by t h e pr es en t s ta n dard! an d t h e h e ck f eat h er s sh o u l d

ro u n d n i c el y at th e k n ee an d b e th e low est f eat h ers o n th e b ird s
'
bod y Stri v e to ov erco m e d u ck l egs an d b y n o m ea ns al low

.
s t il t ed l eg s .B oth a re v e ry obj ect i o n ab l e to s ay t h e l ea st L eg s

.
s h o u l d b e of good s i z e an d in pro p ort i o n to t h e w e i gh t o f t h e b ird .
Th e W h i t e K i n g is a clo se f eat h er e d b i rd an d s h o u l d b e br ed
accord i ngl y A gr eat m a n y p erso ns ar e i n cl i ned to b el i ev e th e
.
O ppo s i t e h ow ev er t h ey are labori n

, , g u n d er a fal s e i m pr essio n .
L oo s e f e at h eri n g is n o t d es i r ed at al l .
T h i s b r eed is an exc el l en t s q u ab prod u c er o f w h i t e sk in

s q u ab s t h at w i l l av erag e a po u n d e ac h w h en dr essed . T h ey
a re prol i fi c br eed er s an d o u r ex p eri en c e h as b een t ha t an
av erag e p ai r o f th ese b i rd s w i l l t h row ei gh t andl n i ne p a irs of

s q u ab s per y ea r a n d it h as b een m
y pl e a su r e to own bi rd s t h a t
ha d m u ch b ett e r r ecord s th a n th i s . T h ey are exc el l en t p aren t s ,
b ei n g ev e r att en ti v e to th ei r yo u ng an d seei ng to i t th at t h ey
a r e pro p e rl y fed at al l ti m e s . I m u s t s a y th at in m y ex p eri en c e
w it h th i s breed I h av e fo u nd v ery few p o or f eed ers T h e y are
.
v ery eas i ly m ad e ta m e a nd for t h at r ea so n w e fi nd v er y few

166 P R O FIT A B L E P I GE O N BR E E D IN G
in the American Pigeon Jo urnal he ex p l ains how he mad e the

Sil v er K ing Th e fol low ing is co p ied from his art icl e :
“
. By
cro ssin g th e Mo n da ine w i t h the Ho mer and the Ru nt w ith the
M alt es e a n d th en m ati n g t h es e two cro sses tog et h er w e obta in ed
t h e Sil v er K i ng— a S h ort b lock y silv er col or ed b ird I n c h oo sing
.
t h e d i ff er en t cro ss es I alway s took t h e b ird w it h t h e sil v er

co lor an d dfis car d ed O ff col ors t h at wo u l d crop ou t su c h as b l u es ,
et c. T h e S i l v er K i ng h as c ert a in good q u al i t ies fro m e ac h o f

t h e v ari et i es i t is m ad e u p o i — from th e H o m er an d M o n da ine
, ,
fa s t br eed i n g ; fro m t he M alt es e s hort bl ock y and broad brea st ;

fro m the Ru n t s i z e , .
T h e a u thor h as b een v ery fort u n at e in s ecu r i g s ev eral ex

p
ce llen t p h oto s of t h i s n ew v ari et y an d th ey S h o w v ery c l earl y
w h at an attracti v e b i rd th e S i l v er K i ng is .
I n s h ap e or t yp e t h e s ta n dard cal l s for t h e s a m e in t h e S i lv er s

a s i t do es fo r t h e W h i t es O f co u r s e colori n g in t h e S i l v ers is
.
en ti r el y d i ff e r en t w i t h th e e xc e pt io n of t h e wattl e c er e s h a n k s, ,
an d to es . T h e e ye of t h e S i l v er K i n g is p earl an d t h e b e ak
h o rn col or .
T h e p l u m a ge of t h e S i l v e r Ki n g is a b e a u t i f u l S i l v e r bl u e
l ea n i ng to a d el i cat e faw n color an d s ho u l d s h ow as l i ttl e co n
'
tra st as po ss i bl e in s h ad e o f back br ea st w i n gs an d ta i l T he
, , .
n e c k h as a d ark e r s h ad e o f faw n a n d w i th a bri l l i a n t l u st er .
T h er e a re t w o s harp an d w el l d efi n ed b ars o n t he w i ngs su c h as ,
is s een in t h e B l u e an d S i lv e r Ru n t s an d on e dark bar acro ss t h e

,
t i p o f the tai l .
I n w e i gh t t h e W h i t e a nd S i l v er K i ng s s ho u l d b e t h e s a m e .
T he Am er i ca n K i n g C l u b h as its h e ad q u a r t e rs at Au gu s ta ,
O s w i t h F A rt h u r H azard as Se cr etary an d an y i n for m ati o n

.
, .
,
co nc er n i ng the O ffi c i al s ta nd a rd for th i s br eed wi l l b e gl adl y

f u r n i s h ed.
C H APT E R XX X
C A R N E AUX
i i M c h C d it D t S p c i al t y C l b F t i g thi B d
O r g n— u re ue o e u s os er n s r ee
P i c i pal l y a U ti l it y B d— E x hi b iti B i d S c d t N
r n r ee on r e on o on e
D c ipt i
es r f th
on o Di ff
e t Va i t i
e r en r e e s.
D f i f er en t w rit ers l ay cl ai m to th e fact th at t h e C a r nea u w as

o r i gi n at ed in Fra n c e y ears ago an d th at as far back as w e can
trac e p i geo n s w e fi n d a l arge r ed p i geo n tho u gh sm all er t h a n ,
t he R u n t a nd w h i c h w as n o do u bt t h e a n c es tor of t h e p r es en t
, , ,
day C arnea u La t er w e fi n d th i s br eed carri ed i n to B el gi u m

.
a nd th e r e b r ed for m a n v y e ar s It is to t h e B el gi a n s t h at m u c h
.
cred i t m u st b e gi v en for t h e r es u lt s t h e y hav e obta i n ed in per

fect ing t h i s b r ee d as a co m m erc i al s q u a b p r o d uc er So w e k n ow .
v ery l i ttl e as to w ho fi rs t i m port ed th i s br eed for s ev eral p erso ns

hav e cl ai med th i s c r ed i t b u t fro m sev eral s o u rc es w e l earn t h at
t he fi rs t i m po rtat i o n w a s m ad e a b o u t t h e y ear n i n et een h u n d r ed .
M r A T h e r ri e n o f
. .
, Ly n n M a w r i ti n g in T he C a r n e a u x
,
ss ,
“ “
p u bl i s h ed b v the Int er n ati o nal C a rnea u C l u b and P i geo n Asso

ciat io n in n i n et een h u n dr e d an d t en s ay s : In a l a r ge co n s ig n
“
m en t of fa n c y s tock s en t to m e by t h e l at e D r M C Fo n d eu r . . .
,
fi v e pai r s o f e xt r a good C ar n e a u x I fo u n d I b e l i ev e th es e fi v e
.
pai rs w er e t h e fi rst o n es ev er sent ac r o ss t he w at er I h av e as .
yet b een u n abl e to fi n d a nyo n e to di s p u t e t h i s po i n t Wh i le .
w e a re m or e or l ess i n t er est ed in k n ow i n g w h o m ad e t h e fir st
i m po rtati o n o f th i s gra nd br eed w e are al l t he m ore i nt er es t ed
in w hat t he br eed is a nd w i l l do as a co m m e r c ial s q u ab p r od u c e r
a n d a n ex h i bi ti o n bi rd Th ere can b e no do u bt in t h e m i n d s o f
.
o u r br eed e rs th at w e h av e p e rf ect ed t h i s br ee d to w h at i t is
toda y and m u c h cred i t is d u e t h e I nt er nati o nal C arn ea u C l u b

1 68 P R O FI TA BL E PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
and th e U ni t ed C arneau B reed ers Assoc iatio n for the ex c el l ent

s ta n dard w h ic h t h e y h av e p rov id ed for t h e br eed w h ic h th ey
fo st er.
T h e C arn ea u is pri n c i pal l y a u t il i ty br eed an d is o n e of ou

b est b r eed s for co mm erc i al s q u ab prod u ct io n in fact i t is on ,
e
of t h e m o s t pop u l ar b r eed s of p i geo ns in Am eri ca today O n .
can v i s i t b u t v ery f ew sm al l tow n s an d n ot fi n d a few pa ir s
of C ar n ea u x It is a b r eed w h i c h can b e r el i ed u po n to t h row

.
s q u ab s w e i gh i n g aro u n d a po u n d e ac h w h en dr es s ed T h ey are .
e xc e l l en t f ee d er s fa s t work er s an d prod u c e w h i t e m eat s q u ab s

,
.
It co st s b u t v ery l i ttl e m or e i f an y at al l to f eed C ar n ea u x t h a n

, ,
EX HIBI T I O N Y E LL O W C A R N E A U
Ph t f m N d R d P x i c M
o o ro e ee , u o, o.
i t do es to f eed sm al l er b i rd s M u c h has b een wri tt en and s a id

.
in t he l a s t few y ea rs co n c er n i n g t h e s i z e of C arn ea u x for s q u ab

p r od u cti o n M r J a m es P K i nn ard of H a sk el l T exa s the v et er
. . .
, , ,
a n br ee d er o i C ar n ea u x an d po ss i b l y o n e of t h e b es t po st ed m en
in th i s co u n try o n t h i s part i c u l ar br eed cl ai m s t h a t t h e m ed iu m

,
w e i gh t C ar n ea u x ar e t he b est b ird s to br eed fro m ba s i n g his

‘
cl ai m u po n t h e fact th at h e h as prod u c ed b i rd s sev eral o u nc es

ov er t he s ta nd ard w ei gh t s an d w h i c h prov ed to b e v ery u nsat
is fa cto ry br eed e rs .
T h e h e a d of t h e C a r n e a u s h o u l d b e pro m i n en t ro u n d an d ,
g rad u al l y i nc l i n e d t o t h e n ap e o f t h e n eck Fro m t he fro n t

.
v i ew o f t he h ead i t s h o u l d b e b road b etw een t he ey es and of

’
170 P R O FI TA BLE I
P GE O N BRE E D I N G
The ta nd ard cl earl y set s fort h th e fac t t h at the femal es may

s
b e m or e eff em i n at e in gen eral app eara n c e t h a n t he m al es b ein g ,

.
a l i ttl e m or e d el i cat e b u t it is es p ec ial l y d esired t h at t h ey

s ho u l d v ery c lo se l y corr es po n d to t h e m al es in t y pe .
SO L ID R E D S : T h e s ol i d r ed v ar iety is j u d ged 111 ty p e by t he

s a m e s ta n dard a s ar e t h e oth e r v ari eti es an d d iff er o n l y in color .
T h ey s h o u ld h av e a bri gh t d eep r ed c h es t nu t color w h ic h is

,
so l i d or fr ee fro m o ff color A fad’e d S h ad e O f red is n ot at al l

.
d es i r ed by th e sta n dard T he su rfac e col or S h o u l d go as d eepl y

.
as po ss i b l e i n to t h e fl u ff T h e n eck s h ow s a b ea u t if u l s h een b u t
.
m u s t n o t b e a gr een s h een .
SO L ID Y E LL O W S : T h e s o l i d y e l low v ari ety is j u dg ed b y th

s a m e s ta n dard a s a r e t h e oth er v ari et i es w h en typ e is b ein g
co n s i d ered T h i s va r i ety is a v ery b ea u ti f u l o n e w i t h its d eep

.
gold en colori n g T h e br eed e r m u st l e ar n exactl y w h at is m ea n t

.
b y colo r i n g an d; s ho u l d no t al low h i m sel f to br eed b ird s sh ow

in g a c i nn a m o n color .
RE D A N D W H IT E S A N D Y E L L O W A N D W H IT E S : As I
u n d er s ta n d t he C ar n e a u s ta n da r d th es e v ari et i es a r e co m po sed
of t hese b i rd s w h i c h c a n n ot b e j u d ged e i th er a s So l id Red s or

as Sol i d Y e l l o w s d u e to t h e fact that th ey h av e too m a n y w h it e
f eath ers in th e i r pl u m a ge As a r u l e t h ese ar e t h e two v ari eti es

.
t h at are m ai n l y u sed in co m m erci al s q u ab prod u cti o n w h ere

C a r n ea u x a r e k e pt b eca u s e o f t h e fact t h at th e y ar e n o t p erf ectl y
colo red a n d th ere fo re ar e no t as po p u l ar for ex h i b i t io n Sp ec i
m en s .
RO S EW I N G R E D S : r eed th i s v ari ety for s ame typ e as in

B
e i t h e r t h e Sol i d R ed o r Sol i d Y e l l o w v a r i eti es an d s a m e color ing
.
fo r So l i d R e d s exc e pt th at a few w h i t e f e ath er s ar e d es i r ed in

t he bod y of t he wi ngs to f o rm a n or n a m en tal d es i gn k now n as
a ro sett e .
RO S E W I N G Y ELLO WS : Sa m e s ta n d ard appl i es h er e as for

t h e Sol i d Y el low s exc ep t t he w i ng ro sett e of w h it e f ea th er s
, .
WH IT ES : T h i s v ariety is br ed to the sa me ty p e stand ar d as

the sol id r ed s an d is sol id w h ite in color ing The eye should .
C A R N E A UX 17 1
be a stro ng oran ge col or an dl th e b eak e i t h er cr ea m or w h i t e .
B LAC K S : T h i s v ari ety is br ed to t h e sa m e typ e s ta n dard as

t he s o l i d w h it es an d is a d ee p rav en b lack w i t h a b eetl e gr een
s h een . Th e b eak is bl ack as ar e t h e t o e n ai l s T h e iri s is a .
l i gh t o r a nge color and th e eye c er e a bri gh t coral .
T h e h e ad q u art ers for t h e I n t er n ati o n al C ar n ea u C l u b is

1 4 4 H al s t e d S t E a s t O ra n ge N J w i th C ha n t e r C or n i s h a s
.
, , . .
,
S ecr e ta r y .
Th e h e ad q u art er s for t h e U n i t e d C ar n ea u B r ee d er s Ass oc iat io n

is 2 5 W \V a s h i ngto n St
. In d i a n apol i s I n d
.
,
w i t h H arry A ,
.
, .
S to n e as Secr etary .
RED CA R N E A U HEN
G oo d T yp S l i d
e o I ted Ca a h
r ne u d wi en. an n ne r of m a y p iz
n r es —B red
a nd o w ne d by Ma i n Ma ti n E l P a
r o r , s o, T xa s
e .
C HA P T ER XXX I
RU N T S
Da i
rw n onR t —P babl O i g i — N am V y I app p i a t —R n t
un s ro e r n e er n ro r e u s
oS m ti m B d i I d i v i d al P — Ch a g f B tt in Ty p
e es re n n u en s n e or e er e
R t N t S l w B d — D c i p ti
un s o o r ee f th
er s Di ff t V a i ti
es r on o e e r en r e es .
C h arl es D arwi n t h e fa m o u s wri t er an d or n it h olog ist m ad e

,
q u it e an ex h a u sti v e st u dy of p i g eo n s d u ri n g his l i f e an d h e h as
h an d ed dow n to u s m a n y fact s t hat are es p ec i al l y v al u ab l e
In wri ti n g o n th e h i story O f R u n t s h e s ay s in his An i m al s an d ,
P l a n t s U n d er D om est icat io n z O f th e ir h i s tory l i ttl e can b e s a id

” “
.
I n t he ti m e O f P l i n y t h e p i geo n s of C a m pa n i a w er e t h e l arg es t
k n ow n an d f r o m th i s fact alo ne so m e a u t h ors a ssert that t h ey
w er e Ru n t s I n A ld rov an d i s t i m e in 1 600 two s u b br eed s
’
-
.
, ,
ex i s t ed ; b u t o n e of t h em t h e s h ort b eak e d is n ow exti n ct in

,
E u rop e . As far as w e h av e b e en abl e to a s c er tai n n o o n e h as

any r eal k n o w l ed ge as to w h er e t h e fi r s t R u n t s c a m e f r o m b u t
r esearc h r ev eal s th e fact t h at th ey w er e bred in m a n y o f the

E u ro p ea n co u n tri es c en t u ri es ago a n d o u r R u n t s of today n o
do u b t d esc e n d ed fro m t he Spa n is h Ru n t , tho u gh o ne of the
foremo st br eed ers o f R u nt s in th i s c ou n t r y c l ai m s th at th ey
'
h av e co m e f ro m t he Ro m a n R u n t h avi n g co m e to t h i s co u ntry ,
fro m G erm a n y a nd w er e ori gi n al l y k n ow n in t h i s co u n try as

,
Germ a n R u nt s .
W hy th i s l arges t o f al l p i geo n s s ho u l d h av e b een gi v en su c h

a n i n app r opri at e n a m e w e c a n n ot u n d er s ta n d for i t is a n yt h in
g
b u t a Ru nt H o w e v er its n a m e co u n t s for b u t l i ttl e for in t h is
.
,
b reed w e h av e a bi rd of st erl i ng wort h an d o n e w h i c h is st ead il y

growi ng in pop u l ari ty In r ec en t y ears w e h av e n oti c ed s o me
.
o f t he l arges t br eed ers and the mo st n ot ed o n es ta k e u p the

, ,
br eed i ng of Ru nt s w h i c h tact alo ne p rov es the r eal wort h o f

the br eed .
pri gh t an d er ect Hu n t w it h a d eep l o ng and w el l

'
Th e u ,
r o tm d ed body an d br e a st an d a broad b ack a stro n g b eak go o d

, ,
s to u t l egs an d a l arg e w el l c u rv e d h e ad is i n d eed a b e a u t if u l
b i rd an d w e fi n d large n u m b ers of su c h s p ec i m ens at t h e l ead i ng

s ho w s t oday .
A gr eat m a n y p eop l e b e l i e v e th at t h e Hu n t o n acco u n t of it s

,
s i z e is a s low br eed er
, .T h e i t em of s i z e do es n ot alway s en t er
i n to b r eed i n g q u al i ti es To p rov e th i s stat em en t l et u s r ef er to
.
po u l try and w e w i l l see \Vyan d ot t es P l y mo u t h R ock s an d ev en

,
t h e b ig B rah m a s l ead i n g t h e s m al l L egho r n in th e egg l ay i n g -
IAN T RU N T
G
B d re a nd o w ne d by Ala n G C y H ay wa d C al i f
. urr . r . .
R UN T S 1 75
co n t es t s It is th e stock and th e m an h a n dl i n g the stock t h at

.
g et s the br eed i n g r esu lt s I see no r ea so n w h y R u n t s ca n not

.
b e m ad e to work as fa st as an y of t h e oth e r br eed s .
T h e h ead o f t h e m od er n R u n t s h o u l d n ot s h ow a fl at s k u ll
n or s h o u l d i t b e too m u c h el ev at ed at t h e h i gh es t poi n t lt .
s ho u l d h av e goo d s i z e in fact m u st b e l ar ge an d s h ow good

,
br eadt h T h e back s k u l l s h o u l d b e w el l form ed an d c u rv e

.
grac ef u l l y an d grad u al l y i n to t h e n eck T h e Hu n t b e i n g a .
m a ss i v e b i rd it s h ead s h o u l d of co u rs e b e in proport io n to t h e
, ,
s i z e of t h e bod y T h e b e ak s h o u l d s how b r e adt h b u t m u st n ot

'
b e too l o ng or n arrow I n th i s b r eed w e fi ndl a n e at tri m s m oot h

“
.
, ,
wattl e sm al l in s i z e an d i t s ho u ld b e of a fi ne t ext u r e T h e
, .
e y es a r e v e ry pro m i n en t a n d w e l l s et in t h e c en t er of t h e h ead
look i n g at i t fro m t h e s id e T h e eye c ere is in pro por ti o n an d .
is fi n e in t ext u r e b e i n g s m ooth A ro u gh t ext u r e on t h e e ye

, .
c ere is n o t at al l d es i r ed an d n e i th er is a coa rs e w attl e .
T he Hu nt is po s ses s ed w i t h a b ody of v ery grac ef u l an d

pl ea s i ng l i n es It is r ath er l o ng an d w el l form ed b ei n g o f
.
,
m oderat e d e pth G re at st r es s is l ai d u po n t h e fact th at t h i s

.
bi rd s ho u ld h av e go o d b r eadth at s ho u l d ers gi v i n g i t a good

b ro ad back It is s et u po n w e l l s p read l egs h av i ng m ed i u m
.
,
s i z e a nd l en gt h s h a n k s an d to e s T ak en as a wh ol e th e bod y .
prop er s ho u ld b e as l arg e a s po s i bl e and of co u rs e t he d i ff er en t s
s ect io ns s ho u l d b e in proporti o n to a n d fi t in w el l w i th t h e ot h er
s ect io n s .T he bi rd s ho u ldl b e as cl o s e f eat h er e d as po ss i bl e a n d

its act u al s i z e s h o u l d no t b e padd ed w i t h a lot of l oo s e f eat h er s
m e re l y t o m ak e i t app ea r l arge B eed fo r a l a rge f ram e an d r
d i c ard a ll l o o s e feat he red bi rd s T he b r ea t s ho u l d b e b ro a l

s . s
a nd f u l l h w i n g u ff i ci en t d e p t h a nd c u rv i ng in a grac ef u l
, s o s
o u tl i n ef ro m th r at to k eel o .
Th e b a ck h u ld b e l o n g a nd at t h e sa me t i m e b ro a d an d
s o
‘
fl at o r n a rly s
e O ut f t h r u m p s h u ld c m a fa i r l y w e l l
o . o e o o e
s pread t a il f m e d i u m l e ngt h w h i c h
o h o u l d b e cl ear o f t he s
gr u nd w h n t he bi rd is
o e ta nd i ng pro p e rl y s
T he w i ng a re o f m ed i u m l engt h a nd o f co u rs e s h o u ld b e in
s , ,
p ro port i o n to the s i z e o f the b i rd s bod y T h ey sh o u l d no t '
.
1 76 P R O F I TA BLE P I G E O N B RE E D I N G
droop n or h ang dow n clo se t o the grou n dl b u t s h ou l d b e carried

’
w e l l u p a gai nst t h e body w i th t i p s r esti ng o n t he ta il I do n ot .
ad m i r e any Ru n t th at ca r ri es its w i ngs in su c h a po sitio n t h at

t he fl i ght s s ti ck u p a b ov e t h e tai l a n d away fro m i t Th e gen eral
“
app eara n c e is r u i n ed in m y op in io n H ow mu c h n eat er an d .
m or e tri m t h e b i rd wo u l d b e i f it s w i n g t ips fol d ed n i c e ly on t h e ‘
tai l T h at ro u gh ap p eara n c e wo u l d th en b e e l im in at ed
.
“
In t h e W h i t e R u n t s w e h av e a w h i t e or p i n k i s h w h it e b eak
an d dark grav e l e y es T h es e two s ecti o ns in co ntra st w i t h t h e
.
r ed eye c er e an d p u r e wh i t e p l u m a ge m ak e a b e a u t i f u l s i gh t ,
PR ZE I RU N T SW I N N I N G W HI T E
Fi t b i d a W hit R t C ck ; w fi t a t S ac a m t 1 9 1 8 ; fi t
rs r e un o on rs r en o , rs
a t M m p hi 1 9 1 8 ; fi t d b t b i d i h w t Kn xv i ll 1 9 2 0; c
e s, rs an es r n s o a o e, se
on d at Hag t w 1 9 2 0; c d Ka a Ci t y 1 9 2 0 S c d b i d a
er s o n, se on ns s , . e on r
W hi t R t C ck ; w
e un fi t a t N a ti al Pi g
o on Sh w 1 9 2 0 T hi d b i d
rs on eon o . r r
a W hit R t h ; w fi t L A g l O akla d d S ac a m t
e un en on rs os n e es, n an r en o,
1917 ; c d 1 9 2 0 N a ti al Pi g
se on Sh w ; fi t M m p hi 1 9 2 0; c d a t
on eo n o rs e s se on
H a g t w 1 9 2 0 — O w d by J a m R S M ay K xv i ll T
er s o n, . ne es . .
, no e, e nn .
an d f eel su r e t h at the b e au ty of t h i s b i rd has go ne a lo ng w ay

I
toward m ak i ng i t as po p u l ar as i t is today T h e W h i t e Ru n t .
s h o u l d b e w h i t e to t h e s k i n A ll typ e po i n t s ar e t h e s a me as
.
in t h e oth er v ari et i es .
I n t h e B l u e l l d nts w e fi n d a d e c i d ed ch a n ge fro m th e W h i t es
‘
in s ev er al r es p ect s H er e w e n ot e t h e dark b eak in fact so d ark

.
,
a s t o i n cl i n e gr e atl y toward bl ack T h i s v ari ety h as p earl .
e y es a n d d a m s o n eye c er es I n p l u m a ge col ori n g t h e gro un d

,
c o l o r is a d eep ev en sh ad e of bl u e T h e wi ngs s how two w e ll .
d efi n ed bl ack ba rs in e i th e r w i n g a nd t h e tai l is ti pp ed w i t h a
s i ngl e bl ack bar to m atc h t h o se o n t h e w i ng s .
C H A P T ER XX X I I
H U N GAR I AN S
A S pl d i d B d G
en r ee O igi f t h H n g a i a — Bi d f B a ti f l
r ee n o n r n o e u r n r o e u u
Li — C l C t a t G a t— W ll S it d t C m m c i al Sq ab
nes o or on r s re e u e o o er u
P d c ti — D c i p ti D i ff t V a i ti
,
ro u on f th es r on o e er e n r e es .
T h e H u n gari a n is a n ot h er s pl en d i d s q u ab br eed er t h at is
rap i d ly m ak i n g a good n am e for i t sel f a n d w e pred i ct a v ery
bri gh t f u t u r e for th i s b reed At pr es en t t h er e are fo u r v ari eti es
.
,
n a m el y , R ed Y el low B l ack a n d B l u e B ar
, ,
I a m p u bl i s h i n g
,
.
s o m e p hoto s o i b i r d s of t h i s br eed th at w i l l s how v ery cl earl y

'
th ei r b ea u ti f u l m a r k i ngs .
M r D M G r een in wri ti n g of th i s b i rd in t h e Am eri ca n

. . .
,
P i geo n J o u r n al s tat es th at it ca m e fro m t h e Flo r en ti n e an d w as

,
fi r s t k n ow n in A u s tri a H u ngary T h e wri t er h a s n ev er b een .
abl e to a s c ertai n to w h o m t he cr ed i t b el o n gs for t h e firs t i m por

t at io n of t h e H u n ga r i a n p i geo n to A m er i ca n or at w h at t i m e
th i s bi rd w as fi rs t i m po r t ed .
I n typ e t h e H u n gari a n r es em b l es t h e M al t ese in a s l i gh t d o

g ree b u t t h e tai l is no t ca rri ed as erect in t he fo rm er as in the
l att er an d t he l egs of t h e H u n gari a n ar e n ot as lo ng as t h o se
o f t he M al t ese T he n ea t ro u n d ed sk u l l o f thi s b i rd co u p l ed w it n
.
its grac ef u l n e ck b ack a n d br e a s t m ak es i t i n d eed a bi rd o f

,
b ea u ti f u l l i n es .
I n c o l o r w e fi n d a d ec i d e d a n d m ark ed co ntra s t in th i s br eed

fo r n o m att r wh at t he v a r i ty i t h a a d i s t i n c t a nd cl ea r cu t
e e s -
wh i t e s t r i p e o r w h at is co mm o n h k no w n to H u ngari a n breed
,
r
e rs a s a tap e sta rt i n g at t he c e nt r f t he w attl es and r u nn i ng

,
. e o
o v e r t he c o w n o f t h e h ad a n d d w n t h e b ack o f t he n e ck an d
r e o
on t o o t h r p rti n f t h b d y a s et f rth b y the offi c i al

e o o s o e. o ,
s o
s t a nd a rd w h i ch s ta nd s o u t c l e a r l y a nd w e l l d e fi ned a gai ns t t h e
,
H U N G A RI AN S 1 79
ot h er p ort io ns of th e b i rd s bod y m ak i ng a b ea u ti f u l color

‘
s c h em e To get t h i s w el l d efi n ed tap e and t he prop er coloring

.
in ot h er s ect io n s w i l l giv e t h e br eed er s o m eth i n g to t h i n k abo u t .
Th e H u n gari a n b es i d es b e i n g a b i rd of b ea u t i f u l col ori n g

,
a n d typ e is pri n c i p all y a good d ep en d abl e s q u ab prod u c er

,
It s .
broad b ack d eep bod y an d w el l ro u n d ed brea st m ak e i t an

,
BLA C K H U N G A RI A N C O C K
No t i ce t he b a t i f l m a k i — Ph t by H a y
e u u r ngs o o rr Vb
\ e e r,
Ha g t w M d
e rs o n, .
id t al bi d r h a p u r p e I n s i z e th i s b reed is pract i cal ly

fo r suc os
t he s a m e a t h W h i t e K i n g
s e T h y a r v ry hardy a nd v i g ro u
. e e. e o s
a nd a n a \ ag p a i r w i l l p d u ce f m e i gh t to t e n pai r f
'
e. e ro ro o
s qu a b p
s r y e a
e r t h a t w i l l w i gh a ro u n d a po u n d ea c h w h e n
e
dr esse d — j u s t t h e i z e that m s t m ark et s p r e f e r

s o T h e br eed ers .
th ro u gh o u t th i s co u ntry are tak i ng to t he Il u ngarian v ery rap .
i dl y and I am s u re t h at o ne ca nnot ma k e a mista k e in using

1 80 P R O FI T A B L E P I G E O N B RE E D I N G
h b ird for co mm erc ial s q u ab prod u c tio n B ein g v ery t ame

t is .
t h ey ar e easil y h an d l ed an d w e fi n d t h em exc el l ent f eed ers ,
b ein g ev er att en t iv e to t h eir yo u ng .
A s I h av e do n e for t h e oth er br eed s I w i l l giv e h er e a s or t o f

d escript iv e stan dard for th e H ungarian tho u g h t he br eed er
s h o u l d by al l m ea n s h av e a co p y of t h e o ffi c ial s ta n dar d in his
po ssessio n at al l t imes .
Th e h e ad of t h is b ird is ra t h er a lo n g o n e b u t sw eep s in a
m o s t grac efu l c u rv e fro m t he w attl e t o b ack s k u l l and n eck
m ak in g a fi ne ap p eara n c e It is in k eep i n g w it h the siz e of
.
t h e bod y an d w el l proportio n ed Th e eye is ro u n d of m ed iu m

‘
.
,
s i z e an d en ci rc l ed by a n eat c er e t h e l att er b ein g of a fi n e

,
t e xt u re At the j u n ct io n of t he b eak and t h e for eh ead we fi n d

.
a sm al l n eat wattl e th at has a fi ne t ext u r e Th e neck of t he .
H u n gari a n is rat h er a lo n g on e a nd t h o u g h carri ed er ec t s h o u l d

n o t b e as lo n g as t h at o f t h e M alt es e It s ho u l d j o i n t h e b ac k
.
in an ea s y grac e f u l c u rv e an d b e rat h er broad at t his p o in t .
Th e body of t h e H u n gari a n is w h at m a y b e cal l ed cobby ,
n ot to an extr em e h ow ev er to m ak e t h e b i rd l ook as t h o u g h it
w er e p u s h ed to get h er It s h o u l d b e v ery co m pact and w el l

.
ro u n d ed T h e s ta n dard cal l s for a body carri ed h ig h o ff t he

.
gro u n d i t is no t in t en d ed t h at t h i s b i rd s h o u l d h av e a st i l t ed
app eara n c e Th e d esir e to h av e the b i rd sh ort in l engt h of
.
bod y is in d eed a ss i st ed by the n at u ral tai l carri ag e The ta il .
carried at a n a ngl e cl o se to s i xty d egr ees an d s h o u l d b e of

s u ffi ci en t l engt h to al low t h e t i p s of t h e w i ngs to r es t o n it w h en
t h ey are fol d ed a gai nst th e body A c lo se f eat h ered bod y is

.
-
d es i r ed an d t h i s m ak es for a b i rd w h i c h present s a v ery sol i d

ap p e ara n c e .
T h e br ea s t s ho u l d b e c ar ef u l l y br e d for as it is a v ery im
po rta n t s e cti o n in t he b reed t he i d ea o f t h e s ta n d ard b ei ng to
,
s e c u r e an ab u n d a n c e of b r ea s t m e at I t s ho u l d b e w e l l ro u n d ed
.
,
f u l l and of good breadth .
T he back s h o u l d s how good br e adt h fro m s h o u ld ers to r u m p

,
t h i s s traig h t p orti o n b ei ng h ori z o ntal At t he r um p t h ere is a

.
h av e ex pl a in ed w h er e t h is tap e o cc u rs on th e bod y o f th e b ird .
T h e b eak is fl es h color t h e ey es ora n ge a n d th e eye c er e red in

’
t h is v ar iety .
Y ELLO W S : T h e p l u m a ge is a d eep ev en s h ad e o f y e l low w it h

t h e u s u al w h i t e tap e m ark i n g B eak is fl esh color th e ey es ar e
.
,
ora nge an d th e eye c ere r ed T h e typ e in al l sect io ns is the

.
s a m e as in t h e ot h er v ari eti es .
BLA C K S : T h e p l u m ag e is a ri c h glo ss y bl ack w it h th e u su al

w h i t e tap e m ark i ng T h e ey es b eak an d c er e are o f the same
.
,
col ors as in the r ed an d y el l ow v ariet ies

‘
B LU E B AR S : T h e p l u m a ge is a soft ev en s h ad e of b l u e w it h
t h e u s u al w h it e tap e m ark in g O n e i t h er w in g w e fi n d two
.
s h arp an d w e l l d efi n ed bl ack bar s s h ow in g w h en w in g s ar e
fold ed Th e s pac e b etw een t h es e bars is of t h e s am e sh ad e of

.
b l u e as is th e r em ai n d er of th e w i ngs T h ere is on e b l ac k b ar
. ,
o f the s am e s h ad e as tho se o n th e w i ngs on th e ti p of th e ta il ,

.
T h e col ori ng of b eak e y es an d eye c e r e is t h e s am e as in th e

,
ot h er vari eti es .
A ll bi rd s of th i s br eed no m att er w h at t he v ar iety m ay b e

, ,
h av e r ed to es an d s h a n k s .
‘
T h e h ead q u art er s for th e H u n gari a n P i geo n C l u b is at H a gers

t w n Md
o , ,
a n d H a rr y C W eb e r is t h e Secr e ta r y
. .
C H AP T E R X XX II I
WH ITE SW I SS M O N D AI N E S
N a ti v es of S w itz la d— I d al Sq ab P d c
er n e u ro u er a nd an E xc ll t
e en E x hi
b it io n B i d— D c i p ti
r es rf th B don o e ree .
T he Wh i t e
i s s M o n dai n es are n ati v es of Sw i t z erl a n d a nd
Sw
as far as I hav e b een a b l e to a sc er tai n n o o n e k now s d efi n i t el y
at w h at ti m e the fi rs t i m po rtati o n w as m ad e nor w ho bro u gh t

t h ese b i rd s to t h i s co u ntry firs t .
M O N DA I N E H E N
Fi t y
rs o u ng. M ad i so n Sq a G a d 1 9 2 1 — B d
u re r en . re a nd o w ne d by
J NV
. . ( Ie ddes,E gg Ha b City N J r or , . .
T he M no d ai n e is pri m ari l y a u ti l i ty b i rd tho u gh l i k e t he ,
Wh i t e K i ng C a rn ea u a n d ot h er s i t m ak es an i d eal ex h i b i tio n
, , ,
b i rd Th i s br eed is fa st b eco m i ng v ery po p u l ar as a co mm er

.
cia l prod u c er an d eac h y ear fi n d s m or e a n d m or e of t h em u sed
for t h at p u r p o se It is rat h er a l arg e b i rd b ei ng l arg er th a n

.
1 84 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BRE E D I N G
the Wh i t e K i n g an d q u i t e as l arge as th e Hu nt It is
yet n ot .
an i d eal s q u ab p rod c b i d l n t h at i t th row s s q u ab s w e i gh

u in g
‘
r
in g w el l ov er a po u n d eac h w h en dr essed an d abov e al l t h ey

ar e alway s w h i t e s k i n s q u ab s T h ey ar e prol i fi c br eed ers an d
.
exc e l l en t p ar en t s b e i n g m i ghty good f ee d er s

, I n m y ex p eri en c e .
w i t h t h i s b r eed ev en tho u gh i t w as s o m ew h at of a s h ort o n e

,
an d w i t h o n l y a l i m i t ed n u m b er of s p eci m en s I fo u n d t h at W h il e
th ey d i d not gi v e m e as m a n y s q u ab s in a c ertai n p er io d of
t i m e as d id s om e of th e ot h er u ti l ity br eed s th e s q u ab s w ere
alway s v ery m u c h l arger T h ey are v ery doci l e an d ar e n ot
.
W HI T E S W ISS M O N D A I N E C O C K
Fi t y
rs o u ng. M ad i son Sq a G a d 1 9 2 1 — B d
u re r en . re a nd o wne d by
J XV
. . Ge dd E g g H a b Ci t y N J
es , r or , . .
g i v en to fi ghti ng Th i s breed s h o u l d b e ev en mor e pop u lar th a n

.
it is for c ertai n ly i t is o n e of t he b es t br eed s t hat w e h av e an d

n o do u bt has a v ery b r i gh t f u t u r e b efor e i t Sev eral br eed ers .
a re b u i l d i n g u p l arg e loft s o f t h ese b i rd s at th i s ti m e an d ot h ers
wi l l no do u bt foll ow t h ei r p l a ns .
T he h ead of t he Mo n d ai ne is of m ed i u m s i z e and l engt h w i t h

th e e ye set a l i ttl e forward o f the c ent er of th e h ea d at sid e A .
fl at sk u l l sh o u ld b e d i scard ed The b ea k sh ow s st r eng t h and is

.
of med ium l engt h and si z e The eye is round and d ark h azel
.
186 P RoFI r ABLE P I G E oN BRE E D IN G
'
wel l p
a art and u nd er b od y p rop erl y . T h ese are p ink ish white
i
l
n co or .
T he p lum ag e is p u re w h it e in al l o f its p art s w it h a satin

l ik e l u st er o n th e n eck Th e fl u ff is p u re wh it e al so
. .
T h e h ead q u art ers o f t h e Am eri ca s Sw i ss M o n dai n e C l u b is at

’
El R io O x n ard C al i f an d W i lb u r T H e l m is th e Secr etary

, , , . .
B es i d es t h i s cl u b t h e M o n dai n es h av e a not h er orga n i z at io n

wor k i n g in t h e i r favor n am el y t he Swi ss M o n dai n e P i g eo n
, ,
Record Assoc i at io n of w h i c h M r H el m is al so Sec etary . r .
A N IC E B U N CH O F W HI T E S W I SS M O N D A I N E S
' '
B d d w d by J W G dd E gg H a b C i t N J
re an o ne . . e es , r or y, . .
CH A PT E R X XX IV
M ALTE SE
A M t I d i v i d al B ed — I t M ak p \V l l S it d t S q ab P
os n u re s e- u e u e o u ro
ud c t i — P i c i pall y
on r n E x hi b iti anBi d— D c i p ti n f h B d
on r es r o o t e r ee
an d V a i ti r e es .
T h e M al t es e w er e i m port e d to Am eri c a no t m a n y y ears ago

b u t today w e fi n d th em in gr e at n u m b er s es p ec i al l y o n t h e ,
P ac i fi c C oa s t To the m i n d of t he w r i t er i t is by far th e m os t
.
i n d i v i d u al b i r d br ed in th i s c o u n tr y t o d av T h ei r lo ng l egs .
,
l o n g s l en d er n eck s and u p r i ght t ai l s ar e en ti r el y d i ff eren t fro m
A PE N OF WHI T E
MALTE SE
"
No t th i
e e r e re c t ca i a g
rr e. —Ph t f m B A M it c h ll
o o ro . . e , O ren c o, O re .
th o se se ct io n ot h er breed N o do u bt th i s i nd i v i d u al i ty
s in a ny .
has go n e fa r to w ard m a k i n g t h em s o po p u l ar b u t th e i r r eal

worth as exc e l l ent sq u ab p rod u c ers a nd i d eal ex h i bi ti o n b i rd s
h as m ad e a v ery t i gh t h ol d o n t he h e art s o f a gr eat m a n y o f
Ame ri ca s l ead i ng p i geo n fa n c i e rs
'
M al t es e are n ot ed for t h ei r b re ad fu l l and w el l ro u n d ed ,

1 88 P R O F I TA BLE P I G E O N B RE E D I N G
A
br east and so me cl aim t h at the br easts of t h ese b ird s contain

m or e fl es h t h an t h a t sect io n of any o t h er br eed of p ig eons .
T h is fact al o n e wo u l d m ak e t h em e n id eal squ ab b ird for in

'
r eari n g an d m ark eti n g s q u ab s we al l s h o u l d work for the m ax

i mu m of bre a st m eat th e co n su m er alway s b ei ng d es i ro u s of
,
sec u ri n g th i s T h ey are s p l en d i d br eed ers and exc el l en t f eed ers

.
,
pro d u c i ng an av era ge of ei ght p ai rs of s q u ab s per y ear an d

t h ese s q u ab s ar e i nv a r i ab l y po u n d b i rd s of c l ean w h it e m eat .
Th e M alt ese is br ed pri n c i p all y tod ay for ex h ib i ti o n a n d w e

see s o m e b e a u t i f u l s p ec i m en s at o u r l ead i ng sh ow s T h ey .
S O M E D A N DY M A L TE S E
Ph t f
o o ro m A F W h la
. . e S n Ka a Cit y
on, ns s , Mo .
a re j u st an i d eal bi r d for t h i s p u rpo se and t h e br eed h as sev eral

m en b eh i n d i t w h o are m ak i ng gr eat stri d es w i t h t h e i r b i rd s .
W e fi n d t he M alt ese in th e fol low i n g vari eti es : \Vh it e B l ack , ,
R ed Y el low B l u e a n d S i lv er
, , .
T h e h ead of t h e M al t es e is a lo n g on e is carri ed h i gh an d is
,
n i c el y c u rv e d fro m t h e for eh ead to t h e back s k u l l Th e c h eek .
b o nes are fl at an d w h at is d es i red by t he sta ndard for t h i s sec

ti o n s eem s to b e a n ap p eara n c e o f a goo s e h ead The h ead on .
th i s bi rd is v ery grac ef u ll y ca rri ed and is n ic el y proporti o ned .
Fl at n ess in t he c u rvat u r e fro m t h e for eh e ad to t h e back s k u l l

is co ns i d er ed a bad’ d ef ect and s h o u l d b e g u ard ed ag ains t Th e .
1 90 PR O FI TA BLE P GE O NI B RE E DI N G
T h i s broad back is in d eed a v ery v al u ab l e asset to the breed ,
a n d co m es o u t of a w i d e an d w el l proporti o n ed p ai r of s h o u ld ers .
Lo n g bod i ed b i rd s ar e i n d i cati v e of i ll br eed in g an d s h o u l d n ot

b e u s ed in th e br eedin g p en s .
T h e w i n gs ar e carri ed cl o se to t h e bod y at s i d es an d h av e
pro m i n en t w i n g b u tt s t h at is to say th e b u tt s sta n d o u t n ic el y
, ,
fro m t he body to a m ark ed d egr ee at t h e fro n t an d ar e not
P A IR O F W HI T E M A L T E S E
Ph t f m A F W h la
o o ro . . S e Ka a Cit y
n on, ns s , Mo .
cov ered by the b re a s t f eath ers T h e M al t ese h as s h ort wm g

.
fl i gh ts as co m pa red w i t h th er b reed s o f ap p r ox i m at e l y the sa me

o
si z
e
T h e tai l o n th i s bi r d is a v er y s h o r t o n e a s w i l l b e n oti c ed
f ro m t he pi ct u res in th i s c h apt er T h e t i p of s a m e is n earl y
.
s q u a re . I t is carri ed u p w ard A w ed ge s h ap ed tai l or o n e t h at

.
t end t d r p i v er y o bj ecti o n abl e

s o oo s .
T he th i gh s a re l o n g a nd wi th t he l o ng l egs b e low m ak e t h i s
MA L T E S E 19 1
b ird a v ery tal l o n e ind eed T h es e t h i g h s are set w el l ap ar t.
an d w e l l in t h e c en t er of t h e bod y T h e f eat h er s o n th e th i gh s .
ar e v er y c lo se an d p r es en t a n ap p eara n c e of fi rm n ess T he .
l egs ar e fr ee fro m f eath ers sto u t an d lo ng I n al l vari et i es the

, .
l egs are r ed in color Feet are l o n g an d w el l s pre ad

. .
T h e c arri a ge of t h e M alt ese is v e ry h a u ght y an d er ect yet

v ery pro u d an d grac ef u l T h e stati o n sh o u l d b e a v ery per
’
.
pen d icu l ar on e .
In col ori ng t h er e are th e Red s w i th a dark ev en r ed f eath e r

w i t h as m u c h u st er as p o s s i b l e ; Y el low s h av i n g a n i c e gol den
l
TEN W E E KS O L I) MA LTE S I
'
-
Ph t o o f ro m A . I“ . “
’
h lae n So n Ka a C i t y
,
ns s . Mo .
y el l o w f eat h er w i t h m u c h l u st er a n i c e ri c h color al l ov er ; ,
B l u es a re a s o ft e v e n bl u e w i th a n i c e gre en l u s t er o n t h e n ec k
a n d a b l ack b a r n t h e w i n gs a n d ta i l ; \V hil es a re a m i l ky
o
w h i t e w i th n i ce s at i n l u st e r o n h ack l ; D u n s a r e a n i c e ev e n e
da rk d u n co lo r ; B l ack s s h o w a l u st ro u s b l a ck col o r w i t h a n i c e
s h n o n t h e h ack l e
ee .
A v e r y x pl i c i t st a nda rd ha s b e en dra w n u p a n d ado pt ed b y

e
t he N ati n al M a l t es e C l u b
o f w h i c h D r It L C a m pb el l o f E a s t
,
o . . .
,
S t Lo u i
. s, ” L i S c r et a ry
,
s e E v e ry br eed e r o f M alt es e s ho u l d
.
h av e a c o py o f s a m e in th e i r p o ssess i o n for read y r ef erenc e .

C H AP T ER XX X V
SQU AB MA RK ET S
T he C o mm i i M chan t
ss on er s and T h i T i al —E xc l l t L tt
e r r s e en e er s f ro m
F f Am i ca L ad i d La g t Sq ab R c i v
’
ou r o er s e n g an r es u e e er s .
To a gr eat m a n y br eed ers t h e r et u rn s fro m s q u ab s h i p m ent s

to co mm i ss io n m erc h a nt s ar e n o t w h at t h ey m i gh t b e W h il e .
Se cr etary of t h e Am er i ca n S q u ab B r eed er s Ass oc i ati o n it w as

o b ser v e d b v t h e a u t h or th at t h e co mm i ss i o n m er c h a nt s ar e n o t
al w ay s at fa u l t for t h e poor r et u r n s a nd in a gr eat m a n y ih

s ta n c e s t h e s h i p p e r is s o l e l y to bl a m e Th er e ar e alway s two
.
s i d es to e v e r y q u es t io n an d s o m e of u s a r e a l i ttl e too h a s ty to
bl a m e t h e ot h er f ell ow en t i rel y It is v ery try i ng to s ee a sh i p

.
m en t of n i c e p l u m p sq u ab s l eav e yo u r p la n t an d h av e a c h eck
co m e b ack for abo u t on e fo u rth of w h at yo u ex p ect ed to get
-
.
O f co u r s e s h i p m en t s are d el ay ed en ro u t e to d es t in ati o n an d
m at er i al l y d ecr ea s e in val u e an d s o m eti m es t h ey go green “
.
I n t h i s c a s e t h e y h av e to b e d u m p e d an d al l yo u get is a n oti c e
to th at eff ect s i g ned by an o ffi c i al o f the B oard of H eal t h o f
t he c i t y to w h i c h t h e y w er e sh i p p ed: The co mm i ss io n m an is
u p agai ns t a propo s i t io n t h en— h e k n ow s f u l l w el l t h at he w il l
b e bl a m ed wro ngl y T h e carri er h a n d l i ng t h e s h i p m ent is

.
m ai n ly to bl a m e and no do u bt th e sh i pp er parti al l y so T he .
c arri er d el ay s the sh i p men t an d t he sh i p p er ten to one c h a nc es , ,
do es not prop erl y coo l t he s q u ab s b efor e pack i ng t h em for sh ip

m ent . Y et t h e co mm i ss io n m erc h a n t is b l a m ed I h av e r e .
ce iv ed two B oard of H ealt h d u m p s l i p s fro m on e o f o u r l arg est
c i t i es a nd i t w a s forward ed to m e b y o n e o f th e fi rm s w h o se
l ett er a pp e a rs l at er I th en an d th ere l ear ned a l esso n— prop er
.
co l i ng b e fo re s h i p m en t a nd pl en t y o f ice in t h e co ntai ner

o .
b t day f hi pp i g q ab
T he M n day T day d \V d n
es s or s n s u s are o u es an e es
day W w i l l c h f l l y a w all i n q i i
,
. e d f i h h i p p i ng ee r u ns er u r es , an u rn s s
tag d i v icsca d an V y t ly y n o e r s. er ru ou r s ,
N AT H A N SCH W E I T Z E R C O IN C
IS S —J
.
S S c h w itz Vi c P i d t
, .
I d. se or . e er , e- re s en .
Mr . F A Haza d
. . r , M ay 6 th , 1 921 .
4 2 0— l ot h St .
, A u gus ta G , a .
D a e r S ir : In re pl y to y ou r l tte er of Ap i l r 2 8th r eg a di
r ng S q ab u s. t he
p t p ic w
r es en q ti g r es e are uo n ar e as f ll w o o s
1 2 lh t d z .
, o 7 lb to d z en .
, o o en
11 lh t d z .
, o 6 lb t d z
o en
" o o en
1 0 lb t d z .
, o Da k p d z
o en r , er o en
17
9 lb t d z C ll p d z en en
“
o o u , er o
8 lb t d z .
, o Pi g o p d z
en eons , er o en
“W h a d l f m 1 00 t
e 1 50 d z
n Sq ab a day d w hi l t h p i c
e ro o o en u s an , e e r e
f Sq ab t a t al ly b d c d t c f m w ith t h d w w a d
,
o m u s us n ur e re u e o on or e o n r
t d cy f p i c f all f d p d c t ti ll th w i ll b ma y
.
en en o r es o oo ro u s, s ere so n
‘
, e
m o re d th a t t h m u se a abl t h p i c th w i ll b i e o re re so n e e r es ere e an n
Sq ab a i i g b i i c a th i
,
d m
u ce t f th i th
en or t ose n e u r s n u s ne s s o n re se e r
ou t p t t c f m w ith t h i c a i g d m a d
u o on or e n re s n e n .
Af t thi d w w a d v i i
er ad j t m t i p i c b i g i g
s o n r re s on or us en n r es, r n n us
back t m al c d iti o h t ak plac t h
nor t l k th w i l l b on o ns, as en e, e ou oo en e
en t i l y fav abl t t h a i i g f la g q a titi

re or f Sq ab e f th o e r s n o r er u n es o u s or e
ma k t r e . Y v y t ly ou rs er ru ,
A SIL Z I N C . , .
,
M K . . P E Fl d Vi c P id t er . au r a u , e- res en .
Mr . F A th . r ur Haza d r , Chi ca g o, J une 8, 1 92 1 .
ta G
420 —1 0t h St .
, A u gu s , a.
D a S i I h av b
e r app ac h d a g d m a y ti m i t h p a t
r : e e en ro e oo n es n e s
ab t t h f t
ou f th Sq a b m a k t
e u u re o e u r e .
B i c d it i
u s ne s s i c t h fi t f t h y a h av
o n d g ons a s n e e rs o e e r e un er on e
w on d f l c h a g T h p pl f t h U it d St a t h av b n cal l i g
er u n e. e eo e o e n e es e ee n
f or c h ap p i c e f d Y h av ad i v y n w p ap m a g a
er r es on oo ou e re n e er e s er ,
i d i cal — L w t h p i c f f d
.
zi d p w c g t back
“
ne , an er o ,
o er e r e o oo so e an e
m al !
"
t o no r
I f m y a it h b
n or th bj c t f al l t h b ig d al t p t
er e rs as e en e o e o e e er s o u
i nto th f z t h b i g g t pa t f t h
e re e mm erp d c ti f Sq ab
e es r o e su er ro u on o u s
.
I h av t t a ti ti c b f
e m
no b t I ks w th a t i g ht w th
s s i e o re e, u no r no ere s
o v e r d z f la t y a Sq ab i t h c l
o en f Chi ca g
o N w s e r s
’
u s n e o o er s o o. e
Y k h a g at a m t Th
or as Sq ab w re ld a l d i g
er ou n . ose u s e re so as ru e ur n
t h m
e th f J a a y F b a y d M a c h i
on s o d t ti d t adnu r e ru r an r n or er o e r e
v d i g th —p d c ti v m th I d t k w ab t th
,
o er ur n e no n ro u e on s. o no no ou e
Ea t b t I ks w th l mp i b i
u t ck h i t h fi t pa t
no e s u n u s ne s s s ru us ere n e rs r
r Ja a y Th w ba q t t h ba k call d i th i l a
,
o nu r e re e re no n ue s, e n s e n e r o ns .
c q t l y a b ig l t f b i l th w n n t h m a k t nd
.
s o o nse ue n w o o ro e rs e re ro o e r e ,
-
a
SQU AB M A R KE T S 1 95
a s yo u k w th
no , e b ro i l i n g c hi ck en is t h e b gg e s i t c o m p t it
e or t he S q ab u
h as as a f d oo .
Y ou Chi ca g m a k t t day fa c y b i l a t 38 c n t
ca n b u y o n t h e o r e o n ro er s e s
p erp d d w oun pay i g 6 2 c t p p d t t h b d

, an e are n en s er ou n o e r ee er s , so
y ouc th d i ff
an s ee c i t h p i c f t h t w b i d O t h th
e e r en e n e r e o e o r s n e o er
ha d a t p c t a g f Sq ab f z la t y a sti ll i
,
nth g . e re er er en e o u s ro en s e r are n
th f z
e ree f th b ig
er, p at so b y i g f f zi g p
none o e o er ors are u n or r ee n ur
p Th
o s es . p i c f f d h c m d w I d ta d
e r e o w ith t h ee as o e o n, un er s n , so e
l w
o p i er n Sq ab I ti l l
r ce s a b ig f t
o f th S q ab i d t y
u s, s s ee u u re or e u n us r .
th da k ti m ca t la t
g
as e se r es n no s .
I d t l k f th ma k t
o no Sq ab t g b l w 5 0 c t p
oo or e r e on u s o o e o en s er
p d thi y a F t h m th f M ay d J n w w il l h av p a i d
ou n s e r. or e on s o an u e e e
on n av aag f 6 5 c t p p d er e o en s er ou n .
It t ak a l g ti m t m a t a p f b i d
es on d it w ld b a h a me o e en o r s, an ou e s e,
af t er f i nd t h b d
our h av
r e t ak m ch p a i
s. t b i ld p
e re e er s , e en so u ns o u u
th Sq ab i d t y t w h it i t day t d t y th i fl ck
e u n us r o th ere s o , o es ro e r o s, as e
Sq ab w u g tti g t day
s e 1 00 p
ar e c t b tt t h a t h c aw y
e n o ar e er en e er n e s r n
bi d w w
r s g tt i g y a e g e re e n e rs a o .
A I c s m mb a y a back if m
an re w e ld k m f 5 00er, e r so eo n e ou as e or
bi d f m 1 2 t 1 4
r s roc ap i c I w ld t h av o gh b i dou n t es e e, ou no e eno u r s o
b g i t g ad th a t m b
e n o r e nu er .
T ti g th a t al l t h d al
ru s n w il l p a t w ith t h b d nd e e er s co - o er e e r ee er s , a
b i ld d k p
u , b i ld i g t h Sq ab I d t y t a hi g h p i acl
an ee on u n e u n us r o er nn e
tha b f n n d w i hi g th m
e o r e, cc a d h p i g th a t t h ti m w i l l
s n e su es s , an o n e e
d v l p f hi g h p i c i t h
e e o or a f t I mai er r es n e ne r u u r e, re n
Si c ly y n ere o urs,
A R—MC A R O BI N E . .
Mr . F A th Haza d
. r ur Chi ca g M ay l ot h 1 9 2 1
r , o, , .
4 2 0— l ot h St A g ta G u us , a .
D a Fi d Ye r l ttr en f th 2 8 t h a t h a nd
: d i ou rpl y wi h t e er o e , an n re s o
st a t th a te p t pay i g p i c
ou r Sq ab i 6 5 c n t p l b
r es e n d n r e on u s s e s er .
, an
our ou tl t i la g th a t w c n
e s sony n mb f th m 36 5 day
r e i e a use a u er o e s n
th Y a
e e r.
H w v t h g a t d i ffic l t y a i
o e e r. i ed ca ti ng t h b d
re t u r s es n e u e ree er s o
p p l y a i t h k i d f Sq ab th a t w i ll d
ro er r se e t th a t th y w i l l
n o u s r es s ou , so e
g adr i c b ig pl m p b i d
e 8. n e, , u r .
T h a g a i th en m hi p p
n, wh k n w v y l itt l ab t
ere a re so e s ers o o er e ou
w i g hi g
e q ab b f n hi pp i g th m t t h ma k t T h y b l i v
s u s e o re s n e o e r e . e e e e
th a t af t th y h av ak d t h b i d i w a t
er e d th n w i g h d th m
e so e e r s n er an e e e e
ou t i th a t m a n th w i g ht h ld h ld t a t t h th
n ne r , d e e s s ou o ou e o er en .
N at all y t h
ur lt d i app i ti g b ca
, e res u
y k w th m i t
s a re s o n n , e use ou no e o s
u re d wa t an w ill vap a t F th mer w h av la w h

s oo n e or e . ur er o re , e e s e re
p hi b it i g t h
ro l l i g f Sq ab th a t
n e
. ak d i w a t
se n I th o u s a re so e n er . n o er
w d w h av g t t
or s, el l t h m p ac t i cal l y d y
e o o se e r r .
A th m i t ak i m d by hi pp w h w i l l
no er s ed t ff b y P a c l
s a e s ers o s en s u r e
P t os th m th d th g h t h m a i l f g tti g th a t v th g h
or o er e o s ro u e . or e n e en ou
th y m y p lac S p c i a l D l i v y t a m p packa g t h P t
,
e a e th e e er s s on e e e os
1 96 P R O FI T A B L E I
P GE ON B RE E DIN G
O fif c D p a t m n t h n fac i l iti f
e e r e f i g a ti n g
as vic o Th es or re r er s er es . e
r esu l t i a l t f d c m p d Sq ab
s o o e o ose u s.
T h n a ga i th
e hi pp w h d n t p p l y i Sq ab b l i
n, er e a r e s er s o o o ro er ce u s, e ev
in g th a t j t a l itt l i w i l l ca y t h hi p m n t th gh
us e ce rr e s e r ou .
I f th v i l c ld b c
ese e c t d al l t h hi p p w ld h av t d
s ou e orr e e e s er ou e o o
w ould b t fi nd a p lac w h h w ld c i v a g a a t d p i c
e o e er e e ou re e e u r n ee r e,
a h ou se w ith a g d p t a t i n— n d w k n w th a t t h i g a m w l d
oo re u o a e o s e ou
th b plac d n a m
en e b t a ti al
e o d p fi t ab l b a i
o re su s n an ro e s s .
H w v th
o e er , j t m a y c i v w h n d g g ti n f
er e a r e us as n re e er s o ee su es o s or
i m p v i g t h Sq ab I d t y i g n al t h b d
ro n e u n us r n e er as e ree er .
F or xa m pl w p d a g d m a y h n d d f d lla adv t i i n g
e e, e s en oo n u re s o o rs er s
Sq ab —t y i g t g t t h p bl i c t
u s, r n othi c mm d it y t c —w hi l
e e u o u se s o o , e e
o th er c i v w i l l j t l l t c t a i cl b nd h t l wh w i l l c
re e ers us se o er n u s a o e s o o
i n l l y p lac
ca s o a S q ab th i b i l l f f a
e u s on e r o r e.
B t wha t w
u b l i v w ld all y e el t in a g a
e e d m an d f
ou re r e su re
t
er e or
S q ab
u d hi g h
s an p ic w ll inc
er d p fit f b d
r es as e as r ea s e ro s or r ee er s
w ou ld b a g e al adv t i i g ca m pa i g n g i v i n g h p b l c a th
en e r er s n gh t e u i o r ou
k w l d g f t h b fi t t b d i v d f m a ti g S q ab s — t h am
,
no e e o e en e s o e er e ro e n u e s e
as th G ap f
e it I d t y w hi c h b t a v y h t w hi l g w
r e ru n us r ,
n u er s or e a o as a
un k n wn fac t
o or .
Th w it
e w rld b g lad t c i v c p y f y
er ou e man c i p wh n o re e e a . o o ou r us r t e
c mpl t d
o e e .
I n th m a n ti m
e if the i y f th i f m a t i n th a t I n g i v
e, er e s an ur er n or o ca e
y ou l t m e k w d I w i ll b g lad t c m p l y w ith y
e no , an q t e o o ou r re u es .
V y t ly y er ru our s,
S E C U RI T Y PR O D U C E C O MPA N Y I n c , .
S R—S M S RO S E N T HA L P i d t . , r es en .
198 P R O FI TA BLE I
P GE ON BR E E DI N G
the ta nd ard s e ac h y ear or two t h ey wo u l d b e wo rt h m an y

s
t im es t h e sm al l m em b ersh ip d u es a s k ed .
T h ere are h u n dred s and h u ndr ed s o f breed ers w h o ra ise W h ite

K ings an d yet in look ing ov er a rec en t r eport of the Secr etary
of th e Am eri ca n K i ng C l u b w e fi n d o nl y tw en ty nin e n a mes on -
t h e m em b ers h i p d ir e ctory W h y t h er e ar e n ot m or e n am es
'
t h er e is d u e to o n l y o n e th i n g an d t h at is as w e h av e s aid b e ,
fo r e I N D IFFER E N C E O n t h i s cl u b l ist w e s ee t he n am es of
, .
six m en w h o h av e b een m em b er s for y ears T h ese m en h av e .
s t u ck by th e i r br eed a n d t h e y h av e a id ed m at e rial l y in m ak i ng
‘
t h e W h i t e K i n g w h at i t is today H ow ev er in l oo k i n g ov er t he
.
,
pa ges o f th e p igeo n press w e fi nd t he n a m es o i m en w h o ad .
v ert i se a nd breed W h it e K i n gs an d t h eir n am es are n ot on ou r

l i st.
A gai n w e fi n d t h e s a m e co n d i t io n s ex is t i n g i n Swiss M o n da in e
C l u b s a n d oth ers Th er e are h u n dr ed s an d h u n dr ed s of br eed er s
.
o f C arne a u x in Am eri c a and yet t he m em b ers h ip of the U n it ed

C ar n ea u B r eed er s Ass oc i at io n do es n o t c arry t h e n a m es of
h u ndred s o f m em b ers It is c ertai n l y no fa u lt o f the s p ec ialty
.
c l u b s— th e y are do i n g exc el l en t work an d are ev er ready to do

e v en m or e b u t t h e y do n o t get t h e s u p port th at t h e y s h o u ld .
T h ese cl u b s wo u l d grow by l eap s and bo u nd s i f th e m ass of

b r eed ers wo u ld j oi n an d ca st a s id e t h i s u nw il l f u l in d i ff eren c e .
N o do u bt a gr eat m a n y br eed er s a n d es p ec i al l y t h e sm al l er
o nes f ee l t h at t h e i r b i rd s are n ot as good as t h o se ow n ed b y
s o m e m em b er s of t h es e c l u b s P robabl y t h e y are corr ec t in
.
t h i s b u t i f th ey wo u ld j oi n and do t h ei r sh are t h ey wo u l d aid

t h e c l u b mat eri al l y an d in s o do i n g t h e y wo u l d h av e set an
’
ex a m pl e for ot h e rs .Y o u do n ot h av e to o w n t h e b es t b i rd s in
t h e co u n t r y to b eco m e a m em b e r o f a ny s p ec i al ty cl u b T h ese .
cl u b s wa n t yo u r s u p po rt in ev ery w ay and th ey o n l y ask yo u

to pay a v er y sm al l y earl y fee and to b e fai r and h o n es t w i t h
yo u r c u sto m ers .
If yo u ar e no t a m em b e r o f a s p e c i al ty c l u b j o i n n ow t he o ne
t hat f s t ers t he bi rd t h at yo u breed D o n t ex p ect a m ere h a nd
o
'
.
’
fu l o f m en in e ac h c l u b to carry t h e b u rd en o f b u i ld i n g u p t he
P CI A L TY
S E CLUBS 1 99
p i geo n in d u s t ry j u m p in and h el p Th e larger th e p i geo n b u s i

, .
n ess in Am eri ca grow s t h e gr e at er is vo u r c h a n c e a n d t h e m o r e
profita b l e it w i l l b e for al l co n c ern ed a n d by t h e co n t i nu ed good

work of ou r s p ec i al ty cl u b s gen u i n e l ov er s of pi geo ns w i l l
t h i s i nd u s t r y gr o w .
A G E N E RO U S ‘
( i l li T TO I ‘ I C E O N D D NI
T ph y
ro C u p o d by J ck M P
ffe re a . un o n \\f h il e
'
Ki ng s . S pe c m l t y cl b
u s
o ff er ma y c pn d p c ial p iz
u s an s e r es at t he l ad i
e ng s h o ws .
C H AP T E R X XX V II
R AI SI N G Y O U N GSTER S
V y C a f l A tt t i n M t b G i v — Sq ab W a n d by P a n t
er re u en o us e en u s e e re s
T a f d t t h R a i g L f t — P p F d i g— F h W a t
r ns er r e o e e r n o ro er ee n r es er ,
t —W
e c k i g w ith t h Y g t — T a i i g T h m f t h Sh
. or n e ou n s er s r n n e or e ow
R m— C a t h Y g t G t i B d t R fl c t
oo re e oun s er s e s ou n o e e .
R a i s i ng yo u ngst ers to m at u r i ty is an u n d ertak i ng w h i c h

s h o u l d b e gi v en v er y car e f u l att en ti o n a s th e y m a y b e m at er ial l y
ai d ed in th ei r growth o r gi v en a d ec i d e d set back accordi ng to

t h e att en ti o n w h i c h th ey r ec e i v e fro m th e i r ow n er .
As soo n as t h e s q u a b s ar e b et w e en fo u r an d fi v e w eek s of age

th e y are e i th er p u s h ed o u t of t h e n es t b y t h e parent b i rd s or '
th ey fal l o u t o n t h e floor of th e l oft T h e y s h o u l d b e al low ed .
to s tay on th e loft fl oor for abo u t a w eek in ord er th at th e y m i gh t

l ear n f ro m the ad u l t b i rd s h ow to eat fro m t h e f eed ers an d
, ,
d ri n k fro m t h e fo u n ta ins Th u s th ey b eco m e w ea n ed for h av

.
ing r e ac h ed t h i s age t h e par en t b i rd s s top f eed i n g t h em an d

t h e y h av e to l earn to eat .
As s oo n as th ey a r e w ea n ed th e y are tra ns f err ed to t h e

r ea r i ng pen w h i c h is a rr a nged j u st l i k e a br eed i ng lo ft l .
fa v or h av i n g a m u c h lo n ger fl y to t h i s pen in ord er th at th e

yo u ng b i rd s m i gh t h av e mor e roo m in w h i c h to fl y and t h er eb y
h a v e m ore ch a nc e for d ev el op m ent If at al l po ss ibl e alway s .
se pa r at e t he yo u n gs t er s fro m t h e ol d b i rd s for i f t h e y ar e k e pt
to get h er t he ol d b i rd s wi l l b e c rowd ed the yo u ngst ers w i l l ,
alway s b e in t h e way an d as t he yo u n g b i rd s grow ol d er t h ere

wi l l he i nc ess a nt fi gh ti ng in t he pen w h i c h o f co u rse m ea n s
l ess work and m or e brok en eggs As I h av e s ai d b efore k eep .
,
u n m at ed bi r d s o u t o f t h e br eed i ng p e ns .
H av i n g t h e y o u n gs t er s by th em s el v es yo u m u st k eep t h em
C HAP E R T XX X V III
H E LP FU L H I N T S
Fi f t y P ac ti cal r and P tier n en t P i t

o n er s on Pi g eo n B r ee d in g .
1 o h a v e n o t eeth th er efo r e i t is n ec ess ary to f eed

. i
P ge n s ,
th em H ealt h G ri t so th ey can gri n d th e i r food .
2 D o n o t try to sta r t w h er e s o m e of t h e l e ad i n g br eed ers

.
are n o w B e w i l l i n g to sta r t sm al l an d l earn t h e b u s i n ess as

-
.
yo u go .
3 Le . tt u c e l eav es ca b ba ge l ea v es an d Sw i ss c hard mak e

,
e xc e l l en t gr een foo d for p i geo n s T h ey are al s o fo n d o f g r en .

e
s
p ro u t ed oat s b u t o nl y t h e green b lad es s ho u l d b e gi v en t o
t h em n ev er t h e s p ro u t ed seed s
,
.
4 Stal e b r e ad c r u m b s ar e re l i s h e d by p i geo n s
. B e su r e .
,
h ow ev er th at th ey are not m o u l d y
,
.
3 : C o mm o n p i geo n s a r e t h e l ea s t p r ofita b l e of al l It do es .
n o t pa y t o b r eed th em e v en i f th e y fl y at l a r ge .
6 U n h ealt h y b r eed i n g s tock ca n n ot an d w il l n ot p r od u c e

.
e ffic i e n t l y .
7 K ee p t he gro u n d o f th e fl y cov er ed w i t h cl ea n s h arp

.
i
,
s a nd O n c e ev ery m o n t h s pad e t h e gro u n d in t h e fl y rak e i t

.
,
d w n sm oot h an d cov er i t w it h a good l ay er o f s a n d

o .
8 A l itt l e d i s co u ra gem en t p r ov es t h e s ti ck i n g q u al i ti es o f
.
t h e b r eed e r .
9 . A po o r m a n w i th a d et erm i n ati o n ca n m ak e as m u c h o f
a s u c ces w i th s q u a b s as a w e al th y o n e
s .
l l) P i g n b r eed i n g r q u i r es p u tti n g go od co mm o n sens

. eo e e
i nt p a cti c e
o r .
11 D . n t o v rl o o k g i vi n g y u r b i rd s th e i r bat h wat er
o o e o .
12 l ath s d
. n h a rm t o pi geo ns b u t s h o u l d b e gi v en o n
o o
c l ear w a rm d ays, .
H E LPF U L HI N T S 2 03
13. K ee p yo u r b i rd s t am e ; t h ey w i l l work b ett er if yo u do .
14. N ev e r ru s h in to y ou r loft s A lway s go in to yo u r loft s

.
q u ietl y
.
15. D o n ot p l ac e m u c h co n fi d en c e in t h e m an w h o is co nti n
u all y m ak i n g gl ar in g c l ai m s for h is b r eed in g s tock .
16. L i n e br eed i n g i f prop erl y pract i c e d is t h e m o st s u c c ess

, ,
f u l way o f es tab l i s h in g a s trai n .
17. If yo u l in e br eed b e v ery c ar e f u l abo u t t h e o u t cro ss -
w h i c h s o m e br eed ers u se .
18. An o u t cro ss is a cro ss o n a n ot h er s trai n w h i c h ad mit s

-
new blood in to yo u r o w n s tra in .
19. N ev er f ee d yo u r b i rd s on t h e gro u n d T h e f eed is l iabl e.
to b eco m e da m p an d so u r an d c au se s o u r crop .
2 0 B e c ar e f u l abo u t f eed i n g too m u c h w h eat as an exc ess iv e

.
a mo u n t o f i t w i l l c a u se loo se bow el s .
21. N e v er f eed c rack ed cor n i f it can po ss i bl y b e avo id e d .
22. T he se l f f eed er s y s t em of f eed i n g is t h e m o s t m od ern an d

-
t he m o st s a n i tary .
23. Sav e l abor an d yo u s av e m o n e y .
24. N e v er l e av e d i rty wat er in t h e bat h p a n s It is n ot .
h eal t h y for y o u r b i rd s .
25. A paral iz ed w i n g is u s u al l y t h e r esu lt o f l e ad po i s o n i n g .
N ev er l eav e em pty pai n t ca ns in yo u r fl ys If i t rai n s in t h em

.
a nd t he b i rd s d ri n k t he wat er look o u t for w i n g tro u bl e .
26. S cal d al l d r i n k i ng v es s el s o n c e a w eek an d scr u b t h em

u n ti l c l ea n
.
27. S h o u l d yo u f eed twi c e dai l y alway s b e o n h a n d at th e

,
f eed i ng h o u r .
28. O n e m a n ca n ea s i l y c ar e for o n e t h o u s a n d pa i rs 0 1
pi geo ns i f h e u s es s y s t em .
29. Fe ed s al t to y o u r p i geo ns o n l y in th e for m o f rock sal t .
N ev e r f ee d l o o s e s al t as i t w i ll k i l l th em .
30 St a n d a rd br ed m e a ns b r ed to a r ec o gn i z ed ta n d ard
.
-
s .
31. A c ro ss br ed b i rd is t he o ff s pri ng o f a pai r o f bi rd s in

-
w h i c h the cock and h en w er e o f d i ff er ent br eed s .

12 04 P R O FI TA B L E I
P GE O N I
B RE E D N G
32 . a ru l e cro ss bred b ird s are n ot a su cc ess for commer

As -
cial s q u ab prod u c t io n .
33 C l ea n yo u r loft s o n c e ev ery tw o or t h r ee w eek s an d

.
s pr in kl e t h e fl oor w i t h ai r Sl ak e d l im e .
34 A good coat of w h it ewa sh o n c e a y ear is a good t h ing for

.
t h e in t er ior of yo u r loft s b ein g a good d is i n f ecta nt

, .
35 An y t im e o f t he y e ar is a good t im e for s av in g yo u n g ster s

.
for breed in g s tock .
36 It is ess ential t o k eep y o u r b ird s p rop erl y b an d ed

. .
37 Rem em b er t h a t it t ak es prop erl y b al a n c ed rat io n s to

.
m ak e h eal t h y br eed in g s tock an d p ermit t h em to prod u ce p l u m p

s q u ab s .
38 D o n t b e for ev er g iv in g yo u r b ird s m ed ic ine

’
. .
39 U s e d i s cr et io n w h en work in g w i t h yo u r b ird s
. .
40 I f yo u r co m p et it or pr od u c es a b ett er b ird t h a n you do

. .
do n t get d i s co u raged b u t d etermine to do b ett er n ex t t ime

’
41 . Rem em b er t h a t t h e man w h o ar gu es aga in st sel f f eed er s -
is as a ru l e t o o n arrow m in d ed to r eal iz e th e adva nt ag es o f

, ,
t h is s y st em of f eed in g an d in som e cases too sm al l t o p ay the

co st of the feed ers .
42 . N e v er s av e s k in n y s q u ab s for br eed in g s tock for t h ey

w il l n ev er d ev el op p ro p erl y .
43 U ti l i ty s tock br ed t o a st a n dard is th e b est for s q u ab

.
prod u ctio n .
44 . To h ol d a p ig eo n pro p erl y p l ac e the h a n d aro u n d an d

ov er bot h w i ng b u tt s N ev er h ol d a p i geo n b y on e w in g or b y
.
a foot .
45 . P igeo ns ca nn ot b u i l d n est s w i t h o u t so m e s o rt o f n est ing

mat eri al ; t h i s m u s t alway s b e k ept in the loft s .
46 . I f a h en l ay s egg s t h at do no t h atc h try r em at ing h er .
47 . N ev er k eep an odd nu m b er o f bi rd s in a loft h av e o n l y ,
mat ed pai rs o f t est ed work er s .
48 . D o not t ry t o eco no miz e on f eed Y ou w il l cu t do wn y o u r

.
p ro fi ts if you d o t h is .
C HAP T E R X XX I X
FAN C Y B R E E D S
D c i pt i
es r f T i ppl
on P t
o Pi g m y P t
er s , ou er s , ou e rs , D ag r o o ns , Qr ie n t a l
F i ll T b it E n g l i h C a i
r s, ur Ba b O w l
s, s r r er s , r s, s, M a gp i es , T u mb l er s
d H lm t
an e e s.
W it h adv ent of th e N atio n al P i geo n Assoc i atio n th e

th e
b r eed er s of th i s co u n try h av e at l a s t h ad a r e al i z ati o n of t h eir
h op es of bri ngi ng t h e U t i l i ty an d t he Fa n cy i n to a b ett er u n d er
sta n d i n g an d m or e fri en d l y r e l ati o n To cr eat e a s how of r eal
.
BL A C K CR E S T E D H E LM E T C O C K
B d by F a i v i w Pi g n L ft T n t
re r e eo o s, re o n,
m eri t o f tr u e ed u catio nal val u e t h ere mu st b e bro u g h t

a nd o n e
to get h er bi rd s o f both cl a sses t h u s w e see t he effort s of the

,
N ati o n al Pigeo n Assoc i ati o n b e ari ng fr u i t for t he a nnu al s h ow

h eld b y th i s orga n i zati o n is c reat i ng th i s b ett er u nd ersta n d i ng
b etw een t he U ti l ity an d t he Fa n c y br eed ers and prov i ng t h a t
FA N C Y B RE E D S 207
bot h cl a sses m u st b e exh i b it e d to get h er w i t h o u t d i s cri m i n at io n ,
in ord er to h av e a r e al pi geo n s ho w .
As stat ed in t h e Fo r ew ord of th i s b ook th i s c h apt er h a s b een

al lott ed to t he Fa n c y b r eed s in ord er to en d eavo r to sti m u l at e
m or e i n t e rest in th em n ot th at t h ey a re no t al r e ad y v er y pop u l a r
b u t to d ev e lo p a gr eat er i nt e r es t a m o n g t h e b r eed er s o f t h e
U t i l ity in t h e Fa n c y b r eed s a n d to d e s c r i b e an d i l l u s t r at e s o m e
of t h ese gr a n d old b r eed s It is to b e regr e tt ed that ti m e a n d
.
s pac e w i l l n o t al lo w t h e w ri t e to tak e u p eac h of t h e Fa n c y

r
B LA C K S E LF T U MBL E R C O C K A N D Y O U N G BL U E B A LD
T U MBL E R C O C K
B d by A J G i S c h c t ad y N Y
re . . es , e ne , . .
breed s a nd w r i t e o u t a d es cri pti v e ta nda rd an d w h i l e o n l v a

s
few br eed a re d
s cri b e d t h er e is n i n t ent i o n o n h is p a rt f
es o o
a ny d i s c ri m i n at i o n It i e a r n st l y h o p d t hat w h a t is c n t a i n d
. s e e o e
in th i s ch a pt e r w i ll p o v e to he o f m u c h b e n fit t t h n v i ce
r e o e o
w h o m a y h a v in m i nd t he b d i n g f n o f t he b r d s
e ree o o e ee
d es c r i b ed h ere i n .
T h r a r n u m r u b d f Fa n cv a nd T y P i g n \i n ng
e e . e e o s re e s o o eo s . o
th es e w iind S t ra
e r L u rk
s se s, Nu n l li t
s, Sw a l l w
s, A ch
’ '
es s , o s, r
a ngel s Sh ow T i p pl ers Wo rk i ng T i ppl ers B i rm i ngh a m R l l ers

, , , o
"
,
208 P R O F I TAB L E I
P GE O N B RE E D I N G
r tal Fri l l s J acob i ns Engl i s h C arriers H elmet s Ru ssian

O ien , , , ,
Tr u m p et ers M agp i es Fl i gh t s C u m u l et s E ngl is h P o u t ers Pigm y

, , , , ,
P o u t er s Fa n tai l s O ri en tal T u rb i t s T u r b it een s T u m bl er s T u n

, , , , ,
b i t s Su ab ian s N orwi c h C rop p ers Fril lb ack s D ragoo ns B a rb s

, , , , , ,
O wl s I ce P i geo n s S h i e ld s Qu ak er s S tarl i n g s C r es c en t s a nd
, , , , ,
ot h ers .
T h e gen eral car e an d m a n a gem en t of th ese br eed s is abo u t

th e s a m e t h o u gh t h e br eed i n g is d i ff er en t b eca u se of t h e w id e
v ari a n c e in typ e an d celor T h es e po int s mu s t b e l earn ed fr o m
.
Y O U N G BL U E B A RR E D T U MBL E R H E N A N D Y O U N G RE D
S E LF T ULI B L E R C O C K
B d by A J G i
re S c h n c t ady N
. . es , e e , .
act u al ex p eri en c e w i th the d i ff erent b i rd s Mo s t of the breed s .
m en ti o n ed abov e are br ed to r ecog n i z ed s ta n dard s and a co py

of an y of th ese s ta n dard s m a y b e h ad by corr espo n d i n g wi t h the
prop er s p ec i al ty cl u b s .
T h ere is o n e t h i ng t h at w i l l b e n oti c e d in t he foll owi ngbr eed

d es cri pti o n s an d i t is t h e fact t h at I r ef er to t he d i ff er ent
col ored bi rd s as v ari et i es T h i s is d ue to t he fact th at m y
.
trai n i ng has b een to t eac h me to k now t h at Typ e mak es the “
B r eed and C o lor the V ariet y

“ ”
.
2 10 PR O FI T A BL E I
P GE O N B RE E D I N G
of t he pri m ary fl ig h t s ar e ti pp ed w i t h b l ack Th e tai l is s h ort .
an d broad carri e d cl ear of t h e gro u n d an d on a l i n e w i t h t h e

,
back an d is w el l fol d ed .
T h e l egs a r e w e l l s et u n d er t h e b od y b e i n g s ho r t and
h a v e n o f eath ers o n s h a n k s or to es T h e f eet ar e sm all b r i gh t
.
,
r e d in color w i th b lack t o e n ai l s .
T h i s b i r d has a v er y er ect ca rr i a ge It is a v ery h ardy p i geo n

.
,
heing h a r d an d clo s e f e ath er ed .
T h e T i pp l er is fo u n d in fo u r v ari et i es n a m el y t h e D ark , ,
\i o tt led L i gh t M ottl ed Se l f a n d C h u ck
, , .
BL A C K N U N C O C K A N D H E N
B d by F a i v i w l g
re r e L ft T t
'
i eo n o s, ren o n, N . J .
T he g ro u n d colo r o f t he D ark M ottl ed is a ri c h c h est nu t w h i l e

t he m r a k i ngs a re w h i t e T he L i gh t M ottl ed h a v e a w h i t e gro u n d
.
color an d ri c h c h est nu t b ro w n m a rki n gs In b oth v ari et i es t he .
d i s t i n ct bl ack bar occ u r s n e a r t h e en d of t he tai l a nd t h e w i ng

pri m ari es are ti pp ed w it h a bl ack bar .
T h e Am e r i c a n S how T i p pl er C l u b is t he par en t a ssoci at io n

fo s t e r i ng th i b re d in Am e r i c a a nd C a r l \Va nn emacher of
s e
B rookl y n N ew Y o rk is t h e S ec r eta r y
, , .
T E RS
E N G L IS H P O U
Ho w d i ff e r e n t f ro m s m e o f o u r U t i l ity b reed s is t he gra n d

o
ol d Po ut er w i t h his tal l erect carri ag e and d i g n i fi ed a pp eara nc e .

F N A CY B RE E D s 211
For th e tru e fa n ci er w h o br eed s h is b i rd s p u r el y for t he lov e

,
o f t h em t h i s breed o ff ers m o st u nu su al op port u n i t ies

, .
Th e h e ad of t h e E n gl i s h P o u t er is sm al l a n d dov e sh ap ed w it h
s trai gh t m a n d ibl es t h e u pp e r s l i gh tl y ov erl app i n g t h e l ow er
,
o n e at t h e t i p I n colors w e fi n d t h e b eak bl ack h or n an d fl es h

.
,
v aryi ng w i th t h e vari eti es T h e ey es are n i c el y proporti o n ed

.
to t he s i z e o f th e h ead an d in co lors are b u l l in wh i t es w h i l e al l

ot h er v ari et i es h av e ei th er o r a n ge or r ed .
A MB A S S A D O R —E N G LISH P O U T E R C O C K
F ro m t he B w dal St a i B d by L N S m ith Mi ap l i Mi
ro n e r n . re . .
, n ne o s. nn .
T he n e ck l o ng a n d s l e nd r a n d c a rr i es that s ecti o n w h i c h
is e
m ak e s t he b ree d s o d i s ti n ct i v e n a m e ly t he glob e I t is t h i s
, , .
gl ob e w h i c h t h e bi rd i it a t s o r p
rru ff s uep l i k e a t o —
y b a l loo n A .
P o u t er w i t h o u t a good s i z ed or w el l prO po rtio ned glob e is n ot

2 12 PR O FI T AB LE PI G E O N B RE E D I N G
v er y attract iv e nor d esir ed b y th e l ov ers o f t h is br eed Wh en .
t h is glob e is in fl at ed the b ird is d ec id edl y larg est from the

s h o u l d er s u p for b el ow t h is poi n t it is v er y im port an t t h at t h
b ird b e as s l en d er an d n arrow as po ss i b l e in girt h and wa ist .
T h e br ea st is co n v ex in s h ap e w h il e t h e back is n arrow and

tap ers fro m th e s h o u l d ers to the ta il the l att er al s o b ein g n ar
row T he tai l is carri ed w el l fol d ed an d h el d u p j u st off the
.
gro u n d an d o n a l i n e w it h th e back m ak in g for t h e so mu c h

d es i r ed u pri g h t or er ect c arr ia ge .
PRI Z E W I N N I N G E N G LISH C A RRI E RS

Fi t b i d W hit E g l i h C a i c ck w i
rs r e n s f 1 t d
r r er p c i al p i zo , nn e r o s an s e r e,
C y t al P alac L d
r s e, S c d b i d D E n g l i h C a i c ck w i
on on. e on r , un s r r er o , nner
of fi t p z a t C y t al P alac L d
rs ri e r s T hi d b i d Wh it E g l i h
e, on on . r r , e n s
Ca i h w i
r r er en, f l t
nner d p c i al p iz C y t al P alac L d n
o s an s e r e, r s e, on o
—I m p t d by O ca W O p n N w R c h l l N Y
.
or e s r . sa n, e o e e. . .
T h e w i ng s are sm al l n arro w and carried w e l l u p so as t o

,
e x h ib i t as mu c h of th e t h i g h s as is p o ssib l e t h e t ip s m eet ing ,
o n top of t h e tai l .
T h e l eg s o f t he E ngl i sh P o u t er are a n ot h er v er y i m p orta nt

secti o n an d t h e lo ng er th e y a r e t he m or e v al u abl e t h e s p eci m e n
in t h i s r es p e ct T h ey s h o u l d b e b en t at t h e heck or k nee
.
,
s l i g h tl y backward s and i nward s b u t n ot too m u c h so as to

pres en t w h at is k now n as cow h ock s T he s ha n k s t hat porti o n -
.
,
o f t he l eg fro m t he he ck j oi nt to t h e a n k l e sh o u l d b e as lo ng
as p o ss i bl e and v er y clo s e l y f eat h er ed w it h s h or t w h it e f eat h ers
PR O FI TA BLE I
Fro m t he glob e dow n ward th e b ird is v ery s l en d er t h e w a ist ,
b e i n g v ery n arrow th e s ho u l d er s ar e h ol low an d th e back lo ng

,
an d n arrow T h e b r east is n a r row an d m or e or l ess fl at

. Th e .
w i ngs are c arri ed w el l u p a gai n s t th e bod y w i t h th e w i n g b u tt s

w el l h i dd en T h e tai l is carri ed on a co n ti n u ati o n of th e l in e
.
o f the b ack an d is j u st abov e th e floor w h en th e b i rd is sta n d in g

e r ect . A sm al l b i rd is d es i r ed t h e sm al l er t h e b ett er
,
.
Th e l egs of t h e P i gm y ar e lo n g an d s l en d er an d ar e s et u n d er
t h e b i rd so th at wh en i t s ta n d s er ect t h e b al l of t h e foo t is on
a p l u m b l i n e fro m th e eye Th e l egs ar e cov er ed w it h sh or t
.
SILV E R PI G MY P O U T E R C O C K
B d by F a i v i w Pi g
re L ft T t
r e eo n o s, r en o n, N . J .
soft f e ath ers and ar e so cov er ed as to al low no port i o n of the ’
fl esh to sh ow th i s b ei ng w h at is k n ow n to Po u t er breed ers as

,
s tock i n g l egge d T he f eet h av e lo n ge r f eath ers t h at are co ar ser

“ ”
-
.
an d a r e w e l l s pr ead T h es e f eat h ers al l ow n o ex po su re of fl esh

.
o n t 0 p o f t h e f eet a n d a re k now n a s s l i pp ers

“
.
I n ty p e t h e b i r d is an e r e ct o n e o f l o ng s l en d er proporti o n s .
T h e carri a ge is th e r e fo r e v er y pro u d an d grac efu l .
T he P i gm y P u t e r is b red in t h e f l l o w i n g w e l l k now n v ari e

o o
-
ti : l i d s o r B l a c k B l u e l ied Y e l l o w a n d S i l v e r a n d P l ai n
es
’
e , , ,
C olor or W h i t e A cc o rd i ng to t h e P i g m y s ta n dard an An y
“
.
O t h er C ol or cl a ss is all ow ed an d is co mp o sed of Meal i es C r eams

”
, ,
FA N C Y BR E E D S 2 15
Sa n d i es , C h eq u er s ,
S p la sh es an d Mi sm ark ed s ta ndard —
color
lur d s .
The l ead i n g s p ec i alty cl u b s for th i s br eed are t he I nt ern a

t io n a l P i gm y P o u t er Ass oc i ati o n of w h i c h V K B u tl er 5 30 . .
,
N o r th C ha r l es St B al ti m o r e M d is Secr etary an d t he C en tral

.
, ,
.
,
P i gm y P o u t e r C l u b of w h i c h R J N a s h 29 2 4 W oodl a n d . .
,
Av e Ka n sa s C i ty M o is Secr etar y
.
, ,
B ot h w i l l gl adl y f u r n i h
.
,
. s
fu rt h er i n form ati o n co n c er n i n g t h i s br ee d .
B LA C K B A R B C O C K
B d by E H T i l L a ca t
re . . r s s er. n s er, Pa .
E N G LI S H C A R R I E RS
In g i v i ng th i s h ort d es c ri pt i o n of t he E n gl i sh C arri er it is
s
v ery fort u n at e i nd eed th at I a m a b l e t o p r i n t h er ew i t h th ro u gh ,
t he co u rt es y of M r O s c a r W O ps a n n o f N ew Roc h e l l e N Y
. .
, . .
,
th ree ex c el l e nt p h o t o s f p ec i m n o f th i s gra n d breed E ac h

o s e s .
o f the b i rd s s h o w n i a fi rs t p ri z e w i n ne r at t he fa m o u s C ry stal
s
P al ac e (Lo n d n ) S h o w
o I t s m t m e t h at o u r b re ed e rs o f t he
. ee s o
C a r ri er w o u l d do w e l l to s t u d y th es e ph ot o graph s in co nne ctio n

w i t h t he offi c i a l sta nd ard for t he breed .
2 16 PR O FI TA B LE PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
T he h ead o f th e C arrier is lo n g an d n arrow m ea surin g abo ut

2 % in c h es fro m t h e ti p o f t h e b eak to t h e back of t h e s k u l l .
Th e b eak l i k ew i se is lo n g b u t sto u t At t h e j u n cti o n of the h ead

.
an d b e ak w e fi n d a ro u n d wattl e w h i c h s h o u l d b e as l arg e a s
po ss i bl e T h er e is s carc el y an y d i s ti ngu i sh i n g l i n e b ewteen th e

.
part s o f the w attl e o n u p p er an d low er m a n di b l e w h en t h ey ar e

clo se d T h i s wattl e is of a powd ery w h i t e col or A ro u n d the
. .
eye w e see an eye c er e t h at is w i d e and fi rm in t ext u r e n ot as ,
fi n e as in ot h er br eed s b u t h e av ier so to s p eak H er e w e no t e

.
s o m et h i n g a l i ttl e u n u su al in p i geo n s n a m el y t h at t h e eye c er e
ri ses s l ig h tl y abov e the crow n o f th e sk u l l In col or w e fi nd .
t h e iri s o f t h e eye to b e d eep red in al l v ar iet ies ex c ep t w h it es

w h i c h h av e b u l l or bl ack e y es
“ ”
.
Th e back of t h e C arri er is s trai g h t a n d Slo p es fro m th e

s h o u l d e r s to r u m p T h e sh o u l d er s a re flat an d broad an d as on e
.
look s at t h i s b i rd he sees m u s c u l ar pow er ow ing to th ese broad

s h o u l d er s a n d protr u d i n Th e k eel s h ow s a m od e
g w i n g b u tt s .
rat e d e pt h w h i l e the c h est is wi d e at th e fro n t b u t fro m a sid e

v i ew i t do es n ot pr es en t a protru d i n g c u rv e Th e n eck is .
m o d erat el y l o n g an d sl en d er an d arch es n ic el y u n d er th e b eak

to t h roat .
I n f e at h er th i s b i rd h as l o n g fl i gh t s w h i c h ar e carr ied w el l
u p agai n s t t h e bod y a n d w h i c h r est on top of t h e t a il Th e .
t ai l f eat h ers are lo n g o f m ed i u m w i dt h at th e t i p and carried

,
cl ear of t h e gro u n d T he l egs an d cl aw s ar e free from f eath er

.
in g T h e bod y f e ath eri n g is s h ort an d fi t s clo se m ak i n g th e b ird

.
h av e an ap p eara n c e of fi rmn ess .
T h i s bi rd is q u i t e a l arge o ne in s i z e m ea su ri ng as lo n g as
,
1 8 to 20 i n c h e s fro m t i p o f b eak to en d of tai l w h i l e th e b ac k ,
at s h o u ld ers is q u i t e broad To c arry a bod y of t h is siz e w e

.
n ot e s to u t s tro n g l egs w el l s et u n d er t h e b i rd w h i l e the f eet

, ,
a re l ar ge a n d cl aw s w ell s pr ead .
W e fi nd fo u r v ari eti es r eco gn i z ed as s ta n dard n amel y B l u es , ,
D uns B l ack s and Wh i t es

, The B l u es h av e w ing an d t ail b ar
.
mark i ngs of blac k ; the D uns are of one color al l ov er ; the b lack s
218 P R O F I TA BL E PI G E O N B RE E D IN G
color an d the fi ne t ext u red wattl e ext en d s nearl y dow n to the

t i p s of th e m a n d i b l es .
T h e bo d y a s s ai d b efor e is s ho r t co u p l e d h av i n g a s h ort
, , ,
s to u t n e ck b l en d i n g w e l l i n to w i d e s ho u ld e r s T h e br ea s t is .
pro m i nen t of good w i dth an d w el l r o u n d ed In a co nti n u at io n

, .
of t he s l op e of t he back w e s ee a r ath er s h ort tai l T he l eg s .
are s h ort an d w el l proport io n e d .
T h e w i n g pri mar ies or fl i gh t s ar e lo n g a n d r es t o n top of t he

tai l .
T h e Am eri c a n B arb a n d C a r ri e r C l u b is t h e s p ec i alty cl u b fo r
th i s breed .
O WL S
W i th t h i s b r eed tak e st i l l a n oth er typ e i t b e i ng d ec i d edl y

we ,
d i ff er en t fro m an y of t h e o th er fa ncy b r eed s m en tio ned .
T he h e ad of t h e O w l is la r ge a n d m a ss i v e It is c i r c u lar in .
s h ap e in fact a f u l l f r o n t v i ew of t he h ead p r es en t s a m ark e d

,
c i rcl e Fro m a s i d e v i ew t h er e is an u n brok en ci rc u l ar c u rv e

.
fro m b eak to th e b ac k s k u l l T h e h ead is a v ery i m po rta nt .
s ect io n in b r ee d i n g O w l s as i t co u n t s m o r e th a n a n y o th e r
s e ctio n of t h e b i r d w h e n j u d ge d by s c o ri n g T he e ye is l a r ge .
,
c i rc u la r a nd is set p r act ical l y in th e c en t er o f t he s i d e of t he

h ead I n al l of t he c o lo red b i rd s t he eye is c u rra nt red exc e pt
.
,
in pi ed s w h i ch h av e e i th e r b u l l or grav e l co lor ed e y es an d
w h i t es wh i c h hav e e ith er b u l l o r c l ar e t T h e e ye c er e is sm all .
a n d fi n e in t ext u r e T h e c er e is d ark in bl u e c h eck ers bl ack s

.
,
a nd b l u es a l i gh t er s h ad e in al l oth e r color ed b i r d s a n d fl es h
,
c o lo in wh i t e T he b eak is v ery s h o rt an d th i ck a n d t he u pp er
r s .
m a nd i b l e is a co nt in u a ti n o f t he c i r c u la r fo r eh ead fro m s i d e
o ,
v i ew o n its to p I n c o l o r t h e b e ak is f o u n d to b e bl ack l i gh t
.
,
h o n c l o r an d fl es h c o l r va ry i ng wi th t he v a r i ety T h is br eed
r o o .
has a v e r y m al l wattl e th at is fi n e in t ex t u re an d powd ery

s
w h i t e in col o r T he O w l h as a v e r y m a r k ed gu l l e t wh i ch fi l l s
.
in w h at w o u l d oth e rwi e b e a v ery h ol low p lac e at t he th roat

s .
O n t he fro n t of t he nec k a nd ext end ing w el l dow n on to t he

'
FA N C Y BR E E DS 21 9
brea st t h er e is w h at is k now n as a fri l l or a growt h of c u rl y

f eat h ers T h i s s ho u l d b e w e l l d ev e lop ed o n a good s p ec i m en
. .
T h e n e ck is rat h er s h ort ; t h i c k at t h e s h o u ld er s an d j oi n i n g
t h em in a grac efu l c u rv e al l ro u n d .
T h e bod y is a v e ry co m pact o n e w i t h a broad w el l ro u n d e d ,
brea st an d a s h ort b ack T h e b i r d th erefor e is cobb y

. To “
.
t h e m i n d o f t h e wri t er i t is a w el l proporti o n e d b i rd T h e tai l .
is sh ort an d ca r ri e d j u s t c l ear o f t h e floo r T h e w i ngs a r e s hort

.
a n d ar e carri e d w e l l u p to t h e b od y w h i l e t h e ti p s r es t o n
’
tai l j u st in fro n t o f th e t i p of s a m e T h e l egs are s h ort ; t he.
f eet sm al l and to es ar e w e l l s pr ead .
DR A G O O N S
B d by H B B h
re . Phi lad l p hi a P a
. e re ns , e , .
In col o rs w e fi nd \Vh ite B lack Y e l l ow D u n R ed S i l v er a nd

, , , , ,
Bl ue .T h es e a re c al l ed Sta nd ard C olo rs w h i l e t he Sta ndard

ad m i ts o f u c h c o l o rs as C h eck ers P i ed M eal i es L av en d ers
s ,
s, , ,
a nd S i l v er D u n sTh er e a re th ree b reed s of O wl s n a m el y

.
, ,
E n gl i s h A f r i ca n a n d C h i n s e o r W h i s k e r e d
,
e .
T h e Am er i ca n O w l C l u b w h i c h w as o rga n i z ed in 1 8 9 3 is t he
, ,
s p ci alty c l u b f th i b d a n d L S ti c h l e r o f M t l e n n ’
e or s re e . .
,
P a is t he Secr etary
, .
220 P R O FI T AB LE P GE ON I B RE E D I N G
D RAGOO N S
W h at lov er of p igeo ns cou 1d \

po n a pen of D ragoo ns and
lo ok u
n ot ad m ir e t h i s gra n d o l d br ee d ! I n t h eir sev eral col or s t h ese

b i rd s of m ed iu m s i z e are m o s t attract iv e We fi n d t he br eed.
in th e fol low i n g v ar ieti es : B l u es B l u e C h e q u ers Gr izz l es R ed

, , ,
C h e q u ers M eal i es B lack s S i lv ers R ed s Y el low s an d W h it e

, , , , , .
T h e h ead o f t h e D ra goo n is w edg e— s h ap ed an d broad an d h as
a grad u al c u rv e fro m the b eak to t h e back of the s k u l l T h e .
wattl e is fai rl y l arge and is d es cri b ed in t h e sta n dard as P eg ”
MR B E HR E N S
. AN D A FE W OF HIS DRA G O O N S
222 PR O FI TA BLE PI G E O N BR E E L iN C
ck is mod er atel y short an d broad fo rming n ic e sm oot h

'
The n e
c u rv es wh er e i t j o i ns th e s ho u ld ers and brea s t T he bod y prop er .
is sm all a n d co m p act a n d v ery d i gn i fi ed or u pri ght T h e br ea st .
is f u ll ro u n d an d c a rr i e d w el l u p T h e w i n g s a r e s ho rt an d
,
.
carr i ed c lo s e u p to t h e bod y Th e tai l is sh ort and ca r ri ed w el l

.
u p abov e t h e floo r T h e fl i ght s r es t o n top of th e tai l

. T he .
l egs are sh o rt an d fr ee fro m f eath eri n g o n sh a n k s an d to es ,
w h i l e b u t l i ttl e of th e th i gh s h o w s T h e col or of th e l egs is .

'
b r i gh t r ed O n th e b ack of t h e neck w e fi n d wh at is k n ow n as
.
_
a m an e wh i ch is as th e sta n dard d es c r i b es it k n i f e—l i k e an d

, ,
A PA IR O F BL U E T U RBI T S
B d by R
re th al B th
o s en St L i ro er s, . ou s , Mo .
b egi ns w el l d o w n o n the s ho u ld ers and goi ng u pward t erm i

n at es at an d abov e t h e back s k u l l in wh at is k n ow n as t h e
p eak O n the t h roat b egi n n i ng at the gu l l et and e xt end i ng w el l

.
dow n o n to t he b rea s t w e fi n d a fri l l .
T h e gr o u n d col o r o f T u rbi t s is wh i t e w i t h color ed wi n gs

a nd in a l l ca ses w e fi n d ac h v a r i e ty h av i ng ten w h i t e pri m a
e
'
ri es T he v a r i ti a re B l ac k B l u e Red Y el l o w D u n an d S i l v er
. e es , , , , .
T he Am eri ca n T u r b i t C l u b is t h e s p ec i al ty c l u b for t h i s br eed

a nd E 15 U l r i ch o f R ead i n g l a is t h Sec r etary ’
. .
,
.
,
e .
F A N C Y BR E E D S 22
2
T
O R I E N A L FR IL L S
Am o n g t h e m o s t pop u l ar of t h e Fa n c y b r eed s w e fi n d t h e
O ri ental Fri l l s s ta n d i n g o u t v e ry p ro m i n en tl y T h ey ar e v er y .
attract i v e an d m ak e i d eal ex h i b it i o n b i r d s w h i c h n o do u bt
acco u n ts for th eir great pop u l ari ty
'
RI E NTA L FRILL
O
B d by J h B c h St L i
re o n us er , . ou s. Mo .
T he h ead l a rge a n d ro u n d b ei n g f o rm ed in a co nt i n u o u s
,
c u rv e fro m t h b a ck k u l l to t he b eak a nd f ro m eye to eye

e s
wi th no i nd n t a ti ns r flat ness in t h i s s cti n T he check s a re

e o o e o .
f u l l a n d w e l l ro u n d d T h y a r l a rge a nd p ro m i n ent w h i l e
e . e e es e
t he c er e is m al l
s f fi ne t e xt u r a nd
o f a pal e fl e h c o lo r
e. oT he s .
b e ak is s h o t fit s c l os l y an d l i k e t h a t o f t he T u rbi t i t f o r m
r ,
e s
a n u n b ro k e n c o n t i n u at i n o f t he c u r v at u re o f t h e f o re h ead a s
o
v i ew ed fr m t he s id e A wattl e f m d i u m s i z e a n d fi ne t ext u re
o o e
is no t ed in t h s bi d s
e e A cr s t r p e ak is f o u nd a t t he b ac k o f
r . e o
2 24 P R O FI T A B LE I
P GE O N B RE E DI N G
the h ead j u st abov e th e s k u l l an d fro m t h is Springs a m a ne

wh i c h ext en d s w el l dow n b e tw een t he s ho u l d ers .
T h e n ec k s h o u l d b e of gr eat l en gth broad at j u n cti o n w it h

,
b od y prop er an d w ell a r ch ed s ho w ing good t h i ck n ess T h e .
gu l l et s tart s at th e fri l l an d e xt en d s to a poi n t near t h e t ip of

t h e l ow er m a n d i b l e an d is f u l l T h e f r i l l is w e l l d ev el op ed an d
.
cov ers t he br ea st n i c el y T h e i n t ers ecti o n of gu l l et an d b eak

.
WH I T E
FA N TA IL C O C K
Fi t a t Chi ca g Pi g Sh w D c m b 1 9 2 0 B d d by
‘
rs o eo n o e e er . re and o wne
K ll y n d A l t p t M i l w a k W i
,
e a e er , u ee. s.
sh oul d fi n d t he l att er p ti g m or e or l
r esen n of a dow fac ed ess n -
ap p eara n c e T he brea s t is w el l d ev e lop ed o f n i c e propo rt i o n

.
,
b ei ng f u l l ro u nd an d pro m i n ent The back an d bod y ta p er o ff

, .
toward t he ta i l t he l att er b ei ng o f m od erat e l engt h T he w i ng s

, .
a r e al so o f m ed i u m l en gt h .
T he l egs a r e co v e r ed wi t h f eath er s dow n to thetoe n ail s b ei ng ,
o f mo d erat e l ength an d w el l s et u n d er t h e b i rd .
T h e Fri l l is a d i gn i fi ed a n d act i v e b i rd b e i n g v ery er ect and
gr ac e f u l in ca r ri a ge .
T h e f o re go i ng d es cri pti o n fi ts t h e s ev eral v ari eti es n am ed

w ei g h i n g to o u n c es an d h ens fro m to o u n c es .
T h e acco m pa n y i n g cu t is fro m a p hoto grap h of an o il p ai n ti n g

of th e I d eal M a gp i e as r ecog n i z ed by t he M agp i e C l u b .
Th e h ead of t h e M agp ie is lo n g an d th i n w it h a ro u nd s k u l l
an d l o n g n arrow fac e w h i c h tap er s i n to a lo n gt h in b eak t h e
‘
l att er b e i ng s trai gh t and fi n e T h e eye is w h i t e or p earl col or

.
‘
wi t h a bl ack p u p i l T he eye c er e is sm al l an d fi ne in t ext u r e

. .
I n color t h e e ye c er e v ari es fro m a w h i t e t i n t to a coral red .
T h er e is a sm al l wattl e of fi ne t ext u re The n eck is lo ng and .
t h i n an d sh o w s no gu l l et or f u l l n ess at t h re at t he th inn est ,

.
s ecti o n of t h e n e ck b e i n g j u s t b elo w t h e h e ad an d gen t l y sw el l i n g
to w ard s t h e s ho u ld er s .
ENG LI SH SH O W H O M E R K I N G E D IVA R D ,
Ow ned by C R K i g H ay w a d C al i f
. . n , r , .
T he b od y is l o ng s l en d e r a nd ro u nd grac ef u l l y tap eri n g fro m

, ,
f ro nt to rea r T he ch s t is f u ll a nd ro u n d b u t n ot b road Legs

. e .
a r e rat h e r l o n g a n d st r ai ght s h w i ng n o t e nd e nc y to b e i ng
o
k noc k k n eed or cow h o c k ed T h e l egs and f eet fro m hoc k j oi nt

.
d o w n a re f re e fr m feath ers T he t ai l is rath er l o ng an d is in

o .
a l i ne w i t h t he b a c k b e i ng ca rri d j u t c l ea r o f t he gro u nd The

e s .
fl i ght s a r ca i d w e l l f ld d u p t t he i d e o f t he bod y w i t h
e rr e o e o s
F A N CY BR E E DS 227
th e t i p s r es ti ng on t he tai l T h e pl u m age is c lo se b u t is n ot
.
h ard f eat h er ed .
I n colori ng t h e M a gp i e h as t he co lor o n t h e h ead n e ck br e a st

, , ,
back s add l e an d tai l and t h e rem ai n d er of th e f eat h eri n g is

, ,
p u re w h i t e as s h ow n in t h e acco m p a n y i ng cut Th e col o r s a re

.
d eep and l u s tro u s .
T h e sev eral v ari e ti es a re B lack s Y e l low s R ed s B l u es S i lv er s

, , , , ,
an d D u n s. T h e B l u es an d S i lv ers h av e b lac k ta il bar s

.
ID E A L M O O R E H E A D T U M BL E R
T
C H AP E R X L
CO MM O N PI GE O NS
W hy C o mmon Pi g neo n t P
s fi t abl
ar e o ro e .
O n sev eral occa sio n s t he wr it er h as b een a s k ed if it wo u ld

n ot b e j u s t as profitabl e to br eed co mm o n p igeo n s an d al low
t h em to fl y at l arge as it wo u l d b e to h o u se u p an e qu al nu m b er
of p u r e bred b ird s O n th e fac e of t he m att er the ex p erien c ed
.
“
breed er r eal i z es the foll y of att em p t in g to m ak e m o n ey ou t of

co mm o n p ig eo ns It ca nno t b e do n e scccessfu l l y As a paral l el
. .
ca se we n ev er see po u ltry men en d eavori n g to breed co mm o n

c h ick ens or m o n gr el s for egg prod u cti o n or m ark et p u rpo ses Th e .
a nsw er is pl a i n eno u gh T h e br eed i ng is n ot in the b i rd s m ak e

.
’
u p an d it is t h er efor e n ot cap abl e of prod u c i n g prop er r esu lt s .
T h e co mm o n p i g eo n is a m o n gr e l w i t h t he b l ood of sev er a l
br eed s flow i ng in its v ei ns T h ey m at e u p pro m i s c u o u s ly accord
.
ing to t h e i r ow n l i k es and d i s l ik es and ca n n ot th er efor e b e

r el i ed u po n to prod u c e a n yth i ng of v al u e T h ese b i rd s fl y at
. .
l arge in the m aj ori ty of ca ses an d l i v e in th e eav es of h o u ses

r eari ng t h e i r s q u ab s in m a nn er po ssibl e For a l iv i n g .
t h ey p i ck upwh atev er th
s fin d o n th e gro u n d an d str eet s .
It is not br e d in t h em to p rod u c e p l u m p w h i t e sk inn ed sq u ab s

o f m ark etab l e val u e .
W h en we co nfi n e a b u nc h of t h es e b i rd s and c ar e for t h em
as we wo u l d for p u r e br ed stock w e soo n fi nd ou t th e fo l l y of
i t al l The sp eed of breed ing is l ack i ng and any breed er wo u l d

.
b e extr em el y l u ck y to av erag e s ix p ai rs per y ear for h is floc k

o f mo ngrel s and w h at s q u ab s he d i d get wo u ld b e a co nglo m erat e
b u nc h o f sk i nn y dark sk i nn ed bi rd s fi t o n l y for f eedi ng his
,
dog s o n T h i s has b een m y exp eri enc e for I h av e bot h tri ed it

.
my sel f and h av e s een ot h ers m ak e t h i s t est .

230 PR O FI TA B L E PI G E O N BRE E DI N G
factory as if the p u r e bred b lood h ad b een mat ed u p w ith in

it se l f an d k ep t in tact as su c h. It is far b ett er in m y op inio n
, ,
to h av e t h ree or fo u r p ai rs of p u re br ed b ird s th a n tw en ty pai r s

of cro sses w h ic h are m ad e u p of co mm o n p ig eo n blood and t h at
'
of th e p u r e breed s .
Th e n ov i c e co u l d m ak e n o gr e at er m istak e t h a n to att em pt
to breed co m m o n p i geo n s eit h er u n d er w ire or b y al low in g
,
t h em to fl y at l arge H e w il l meet w it h t erribl e d i s appo i nt m en t

.
if h e do es so .
INDEX
Pa g e
Acc ie s s o r es 19 20 , B w l L
o e s, OOOOOO oo se 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adva t a g f C l l i g
n e 98
o u n B ad C m b
re ru s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ad va t a g f S lf
n es 89 o e B d
r ee
Adva t a g f St a da d
n e o1 52 n r B d
r ee er
Ad v ti m ter se 2 37
en s B d
r ee I d i ff
er s t n e r en
Adv ti i n g
er s 1 29 1 47
. , B ck w h a t
u e
Adv i c t t h N v i c
e o 17 e o e B d i g Pi g
r ee n eon s 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A i S lak d Li m
Q 0 0
r e 1 01 e . B i ld i n g U p a St a i
u r n
A m i ca B a b C a
er Cl b 2 1 7
n r r r i er u
A m i ca D a g
er Cl b n 221
r o on u
C abba g L av 2 02
A m i ca K i g C l b
er n 1 60 n u .
C a ada P a
e
30 33
e es 0 O C D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A m i ca n O i t al F i l l C l b 2 2 5
er r en r u
Ca k
n e s
1 04
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A m i ca n O w l C l b
er 219 u .
n er
C a b h yd a t
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A m i ca R t Pi g
er Cl b 1 7 7
n un eo n u . .
Ca
r o
f D i ki g V l
r 32
2 03
es 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A m i ca Sh w T i ppl C l b 2 1 0
er n o er u . .
Ca
re
f Y
o
g t
r n n es s e s
A m i ca Sq ab B d A
er n 1 34
u r ee er s ssn
re
Ca i g f L ft
o 2 00
ou n s er s
A m i ca S w i M da i C l b 1 8 6
er
’
s ss on ne u
r n
Ca a x
or 92 o s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A m i ca n T b it C l b
er 222
ur u
rne
C a a I d al
u 1 67
A al y i f F d t ff
n s s o 32 ee s u s
Ca i
rne u 1 56
e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A nal y i f Li s s o 85 ne
rr er s
Ca i C l b
2 08 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 5 , , ,
A cha g l
r n 2 07
e s 2 09 ,
Ca
r r er
u se d C f S
an
u217
C p 1 09
.
u re o ou r ro
Ash
A t av i m
Ca f I f
u s es ti l E gg
o 1 01
n er e s
s
Ca f M d B al l
u se o 111u s
C t al Pi g m y P t C l b 2 1 5
en r ou er u .
B ak H a y er, rr C or e 9
B ala c d R a ti
n e ons Ch a c alr o 35 2 01
Ba d i g
n n . Ch i g t h B a d
oo s n 21
e n o
Ba b C l b
O 9 o o o o o o o o o
r u C l a i g Sq ab
e n n 114u s
Ba b
O O O O O O O O O O
r s Cl a l i
e n n es s
B a th W a t er C ck D i v H
o r es 23 en
B ak
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
e C ld C a
o s, d C u se 1 00 an u re
B gi i g
. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
e nn n C l l c ti g Sq ab t K i ll
o e n 112 u s o
B i ll f M a t i al
s o er C l
o d Ba d
o rO I 69
n 0 0 0
C m m i i M ch t
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
45. 47 . 49 . 5 2 , 54 57 1 32 o ss on 112 192 er an s
B i d M t B Mat d
.
r s us e e . . 126 C mm Pig
o on 21 2 02 228 eo ns
Bi m i g ha m R ll :
.
r n o e rs 2 07 C mp it i
o f F
os d St ff on 33 o ee u s
B lack C m a r ne a c 171 C m p it i R fi g
o os on 41 oo n 0 0
C t ct i
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B l o n d ln e t t e s 225 o ns f H
ru o o o o o 37
on o o u s es
B l tt
.
ue es 225 Co rn 0 0 0 0 0 33
0 0 0 0 0 0
C t it t f F d
0 0 0 0
B o o k k e ppin g 1 37 o ns uen 32
s o ee 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
232 I N DE X
Pa g e P ag e
C tai f N
on ner or es ti g M a t i al 1 2 2
n er D r a w i g D bl N t S y t m
n , ou e es s e 1 30
C t a m i a ti n
on n o 80 D r a w i g f M a ti g C p
n or n oo 65
C ti
on F l w i g \Va t
n u ou s o n er . . D r a w i g f R c d Sh t
n s o e or ee s 1 40
Sy t m s e D r a w i g f Shi pp i g C a t
n or n r e 1 32
C v d S lf F d Ch a t
o er e e ee er r . D r aw i g S i g l N t S y t m
n , n e es s e 1 21
C v i g f L f t W all
o er n or o s D r aw i g f W at S y t m
n or er s e 61
C v t
o er s D r e ss i g P la t
n n 54
C w—
o H ck o s D r n i k i g F ta i
n ou n ns 0 0 0 0 60
ivi g
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C wp a
o e s D r n 23
C ack d C
r e orn
C c t
res en s
E ff c t Li B d i g
of
C pp
ro er s
E gg
e
H a t c h a t Di ff t T im
ne r ee n 87
C ll i g
u n
s
U ha t ch d
er en es 24
C m l t
u u e s
E gg s,
I f ti l
n e 1 01
Cu re f F a th R t
or e er o
E gg
E g yp t i a
s,
C
n 1 01
er e , 2 04
Cu re f G i g Li g ht
or o n
E xc W h at
n orn . 33
Cure f L B w l
or oo s e o e s
E xpla a ti
e ss
f Mi x i g F d
e 2 03
Cu re f R p or ou .
E xpla a t i
n
f M lt
on o n ee 34
C Wi g L mp
n on o ou 76
u re f or n u s
C tai f Fl y P
ur n or en
F a c y Pi g
n eo n s
D a w i Ch a l
r n, r es 172 Fa ta i l
n s
D fi it A im f St a da d
e n e o n r 1 52 Fa t s
D fi iti
e n ons 9 10 F a th B i
e er n
D fi iti f C ll i g F a th R t
,
e n on o u n 98 e er o
F d B x
.
D fi iti
e n f C B d Bi d
on o ro s s - re r 2 03 ee o es .
D fi iti
e n f St a da d B
on d o n r re 2 03 F d ee ers
F d f Shi pp d Bi d
. .
D c i p ti
es r f H m on o o ers 1 57 ee or e r s
D c i p ti
es r f Ki g on o n s 1 60 F di g
ee n
D c i p ti
es r f L ft Mat i al
on o o er 40 F d i g Q al iti
ee n f Va i u es o r ou s
G ai
.
D c i p ti v St a da d f
es r e n r o r ns
Ca a x r ne u F d i g Sq ab
ee n u s
es r e n r o F t it a
e er
Fi b
.
H ga i a
un r ns 1 80 er
D c i p t i v St a da d f K i g
es r e n r o n s 162 Fi a c i al R c d
n n e or s
D c i p t i v St a da d f
es r e n r o F l i ght s
M al t ese 188 Fl y P en
D c i p ti v St a da d f R t
es r e n r o un s 1 73 F d on D M C
eu r , r . .
es r e n r o F c d M a ti g
or e n
M da i on nes F w d
o re or
Di a se d R m di
ses an e e es F m la f M i x i g F d
or u or n ee
D i play f Sq b
s o u a s F l d W at
ou e er
Di t b i g E g g
s ur n s F t H al th G i t
ous e r
F h VV t
.
D mi
'
o no r es a er
D bl N t S y m
ou e es s te F r il l b a ek s
D bl N t W k
ou e es or e rs
D w Fac
o n- e .
D ag
r oon Ge tti ng Sq ab T ad
u r e
D ag
r o o ns G l o ss a y r
2 34 I N DE X
L oose S al t i i f Ki g
Or g n o n s
L u m p s on W i n gs
’
i i f R t
Or g n o un s
O igi
r f W hi t
n Sw i o e ss
Magp i 2 08 2 25
M da i on n es
O t C
es ,
M a iz e 33
u
O t C
-
i ng
r o ss e s
M al t es e 1 87
u -
O wl C l b
ros s
M al t E x hi b iti
ese Bi d 1 8 8
as on r s . .
Owl
u
M al t Sq ab P d c
ese as 1 87 u ro u er s . .
s
M a d i bl
n e 10
M a fac t d F d
nu u re 31 ee s P an t
e u s O O 3 1 33O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
,
M a k ti g Sq ab
r e n 112 u s P a
e s 3
Ma k t r e s 1 92 Per c n t a g C m p iti n f F d 33
e e, o os o o ee
M a t i al f N t
er or 117 es s P i d f I c ba ti n
er o o 24 n u o .
M a ti n g 63 Pi g eonBa d 68 n s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mic e 1 50 Pi g Di a
eo n 1 04
se ses O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M i ll t e 31 33 Pi g F d
eo n ee 28 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Pi g G it
,
M ixi g F d n ee 34 eon r 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M d a
o en s 70 Pi g L ft
eo n o 37 s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M da i
on E x hi b i ti
ne B d
as 184 on 1r Pi g Ma k t
eo n 192 r e s
Pi g M i lk
. .
M d i
on Sq ab P d c 1 8 3
a ne s a s u ro u er s eo n 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M it Sq ab H
on or u 52 ou se Pi g eo nSh w 1 40 o s O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Pi g C mm
.
M th l y St a t m t
on 1 39 e en s eo ns, 228 9 o on ,
Pi c h d B ack
. .
M t P fi t abl Pi g
os ro 26 e eo n s n e 10
M l ti g
ou n 76 Pi c h d H ad
n e 10
e
M v i g Sq ab
o n u 24 s Pi N dl f N t
ne ee 124 es or es s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M d B all
u s 111 P la t f 1 000 P a i Pi g
n or 58 rs e ons
P l ck i g Sq ab
.
u n 113 u s .
P l i h Ly x
o s 72
n
a ti al M al t Cl b
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N on es e u 181 P t A c i at i n
ou er 21 3 21 5
sso o
N a ti al Pi g A c i a ti
. ,
P t E gl i h
on eo n sso on 2 06
. .
ou er s, 2 08 2 1 0 1 3 n s
N a ti al P t A c i a ti n
0 0
0 0 0 0
, ,
on ou er sso o . . 213 P t
ou Pi g m y
er s , 2 08 213 15
N a ti n al R t Cl b , .
o un u 177
P ac ti c
r f Pi g B di g 82
es o eo n re e n
N at al M a ti g
ur n 63 P pa i g Sq ab f M a k t 1 1 2
n u s
‘
or r e
t B wl
re r
N es o s 1 20 P pa i g Y g t f Sh w 2 01
re r n ou n s ers or o
N ti g E q p m t
es n u1 en 1 07
P p t cy o en 81
ti g M a t i al
re
N es n 20 er , 1 22 P i c f B d i g St ck
r e o 127 ree n o
ti g M a t i al C a t
0 0 0 0 0 0
N es n 1 23 er r e . . 124 P i t
r es s 2 07
N it f E x t ac t
O O O O O O O O O O
ro
g en- re e r s . 33 P ima i
r r es 10
N f ti l E g g
o n- er e s 1 01 P i c i pl
r n f Pi g B di g 7 8
es o eo n re e n
N w i ch C
or pp ro ers 2 08
P i va t Sq ab T ad
r e 1 33 u r e
N u ns 2 07 , 210 P i va t T ad
r e 112r e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P fi t
ro s 17
Oat s P p Adv ti i g M d i um 1 2 6
ro er er s n e
P p F di g
.
Op Ba d
en n s ro er ee 2 01 n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Op F en tH ro n ouse P t i
ro e n 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0
O a r C t
ng e ra es fo r N es t s P bl i h
u sN t er s
'
5 o e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O i t al F i l l
r en r s
O i i
r g nf Ca o rne a x u Q ak
u ers
O igi
r f H n o un ga i a r ns Q al iti
u es of Gr ai n f or F d oo .
I N DE X 235
Pa g e Pa g e
R ac i g H m n o ers 1 58 Shi plap f W all or s 41

Ra i i g Y g t
s n oun s ers 2 00 Sh i pp i g B d i g St ck
n ree n o 1 30
Ra t s 1 50 Shi pp i g Sq ab n u s 115
R ad y M i x d F d
e e ee s 31 Si l v K i g
er n s 1 65
R a i g P
e r n e ns . 2 01 S il v e r e t t e s 225
R c d K pi g
e or ee n 71 S i gl N t S y t m
n e es 117 s e
R c d Sh t
e or ee 74 S lak d Li m e 1 01e 2 04
R c d
e or s 1 37 Sm t u 10
R d Ca
e a x r ne u 170 S ou r C p ro 1 09
R d C
e H al th G it
r o ss e r 35 S y B a
o e ns 33
R m d i f Pi g
e e es or eo ns 1 04 S pa w r ro s 150
R m dy f C ld
e e or o s 1 09 S p c i al A tt ti t F d i g 2 8
e en on o ee n
“
R m d y f F a th R t
e e or e er o 110 S p c i al t y C l ub
e 197 s
R m d y f G i g Li ght
e e or o n 1 08 S pla h d C a a x
s e 170
r ne u
R m dy f L
e e B w l or o ose o e s . . 1 10 S pl it Ta i l
S p i l d Sq ab Shi p m t
,
R m d y f M d B all
e e or u s . 111 o e u en s
R m dy f S
e e C p or ou r ro . . 1 09 S p ay i g
r n
R m dy f W i g L mp
e e or n u s 110 Sq ab u
R l t f F c d M a ti g
es u s o or e n 66 Sq ab H a t c hi g
u s 24 n
R l t f I g i g St a da d
es u s o nor n n r 1 52 Sq ab O
u s d Th D ay O l d 2 3
ne an ree s
R lt f L
e su sS al t o oose 2 03 Sq ab T h
u s d Tw l v ree an e e .
Ri c e 30 D ay O l d s
R ac h B ack
o 10 Sq ab T h
u s d F W k
ree an ou r ee s
R ck S al t
o 20 , 2 03 O ld
R d t
o en d T hi v
s an e es 1 50 Sq ab D
u i g P la t res s n n .
R ll
o e rs 2 07 Sq ab M a k t
u r e s
R fi g f L ft
oo n or o s . 41 St a da d n a G idr as u e
R ose w i g R d Ca n a x e rne u 170 St a da d B d

n r re
R ose w i g Y ll w n e o St a l i gr n s
R p It R m dy
ou , s e e . . 110 St a t S m all
r
R l f T ll i n g S
u es or e ex 96 St a ti g r n
R t
un s 172 St ras ser s
R t B di g P
un r ee n e ns 50 St a wr for N es t s
R ia T m p t
uss n ru e ers 69 Su a b ia ns
S fl w S d
un o er ee
S al t S w all w o s
S a t ine t t e s 225
S w i Ch a d
ss r o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
S c at ch F d
r ee 30
S w i M da i n
ss on es
S a ml
e Ba d ess n s 68
S w i M da i Pi g
ss R c d
on ne eo n e or
S c da i
e on r es 10
A c i a ti
sso on
S l c ti g P lac t E x hi b it
e e n o
S ym pt m f Ca k o s o n er
S l c ti g t h B d
e e n
e .
21
S y m p t m f C ld o s o o s
S y m p t m f G i g Li ght
e re e
S lf F d
e -
ee 89
ers 2 03
o s o o n
S ympt m f R p
.
.
S l l Sq ab t R t a a t t
u s o es ur n s , e c 1 34
o s o ou
S y t m a ti c R c d
e
S ll i g Sq ab B d i g St ck
e n u re e n o 1 26
s e e or s
S pa a t C m pa t m t f Bi d
e r e o r en or r 1 30
S pa a ti D i g M l t
e r on ur n ou 76 Tabl C m p itie. o os on of F d ee
t ff
.
Shi ld e s 2 08 s u s
Shi pp i g C p n oo s 1 32 Tabl f C t t e o on en s
236 I N DE X
Pag e
T ll i g S
e n f Pi g ex o eo n s 96 V al ue of S p c i al t y C l b
e u s
T mp a y L ft
e or r o s 19 Va i at i n i B d i g
r o n r ee n
Th i Ae r r en , 1 67 Vi g or
T t P
es en . 66 Viz or
T hi v e d R d
es t an o en s 1 50
T h P Pi g
r ee Hen eo n ou s e 49 W al l f o r Pi g e o n L o f t s
T i m f I c ba t i
e o n u on 24 W a s h i n g Sq u ab s
T i ppl C l b
er u 210 Wa s hi n g T r o u gh
T i ppl ers 2 07 2 09 W a te r
T bacc St m f N t
o o e s or es s 124 W a t e r i n g S y st e m s
T Y Pi g
O n eo s 2 07 W a tt l e
T a i n ing
r f Y g t o oun s er s 2 01 W e a n i n g Sq u ab s
T th H a y
ro rr 1 60 W hea t
T mp t
,
ru e er s 69, 2 08 W h e r e Sh al l I E x hi b it
T m bl
u e rs 2 07 , 2 08 W h it e C a r n e a u x
T b it C l b
ur u 222 W h it e S w i s s M o n da i nes
T u r b it ee n s 2 08 , 225 W hit e w a s hi n g
T b it
ur s 2 08 , 221, 2 22, 225 W h y E g gs D o N o t H a t c h
Pi g
T wo P en H eo n o u s e a nd Fl y 45 W i ld G r a s s S ee d f o r F e e d
Tw Sq ab M a k t
o u r e s 112 W i n g B u tt
Typ f L g B a d
es o e n s 68 W i ng Lu m p s
W oo d f o r F o o r in g
Un d C ler o or
W o o d f o r Sq u ab H o u s e s
U h a t c h d E gg
n e s
W o r th o f S pe cia t y C l u b s
U it d C a
n e a r ne u
A c i at i n
s so o 171 Y a l y St a t m nt
e r e e s
U se P p Adv ti i ng
ro er er s Y ll w C a a x
e o r ne u
M di m
e u 1 26 Y ng t
ou s er s
A M E R IC A S ’
L E A D IN G P IG E O N P E R IO D I C A L
D e v oted to t/ze Ra id /1 g of Pigeom j or Utility a nd Fa ncy
Fr a n k H . H o llm an n , E d it o r
T heb t al l d pig
es p bl i ca ti i A m i ca — la g t i
a ro u n eo n u on n er , r es n
c i c la ti
r u ad i g m a tt
o n, d i ll
re t a ti S p c i al a t i cl
n er an us r ons . e r es on
c ll i g ba d i g c d k p i g c i ti fic f d i g
u n ,
n n , d g
re alor ee n , s en ee n an en e r
m a ag m t f pig a h bby w ll a b i
,
n e en o eons as o as e as u s ne s s .
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yo u w n to ee b re a t
k p a a t w ith t h ti m ad t h s e es . re e A M E RI
C AN PI GE O NJ R A L ac h m th E v y i
OU N e on . er s su e c ta ion ns
so m thi g f p ac t i ca l
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v y m b a t l a t a 4 8 pa g d iti
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r n or on .
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or on . ne e r or . e o 0 .
Am e r ic a n P ige o n Jo u r n a l C o m pa n y
P U BLI SH E RS OF S TA N D A RD PI G E O N B O O K S
W a r r e n t o n M iss o u r i , , U . S A . .
H
eres
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n
T h e di fi e r en ce b et w een I n
e f fi ci en t an d E f fi ci e nt S er
v i ce, s pel l s t h e di ff e r e n ce b e
t w ee n S a ti s f a ct o ry R et u r n s
an c l a l o ss .
S end U s Y our N ex t S hipment of S quab s

We C h ar ge N o C om m ission
We gu aa tr n ee H i g h t P i c Acc
yo u es r es , ur a t W i ght P m p t
e e s, ro
R t e u rns and h ld a y thi g cc t y
s ou n n o ur o our hi p m t w hi l in
s en s e
t a it
r ns w file cla i m w ith t a p t a ti
e s r ns or on c m pa y d
o n th an get e
m y
o ne f or y ou W k l y al i v t
e ar e een e o ou r p i b i l iti
r es ons es
C ta t l y W i th i t h th ght th a t v y x i t c hi g
. .
o ns n us s e ou ou r er e s en e n es
u p o n our ab i l i t y t m ak m y f th
o one or o se w h p t fa ith i
o u n us
t — G O O D R E P U TA
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W da t j pa d iz P ic l A
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e re no eo r e our r e ess s se
TI O N a t a it y p fi t
,
.
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f or r ns or ro .
WE A R E B OO ST E R S O F T H E S QU AB I N D U ST RY !
—
L argest R eceiv ers o f S qu ab s in th e U n it ed St at es !
R E FE R E N C E S F i r s t N a t i o n al ME MB E R S A m e ri ca n S qu ab
B an k , C a pit a l A 11 B r ee d er s A s s o ci a t io n
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.
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o ur B an k e r or A m e r i ca n L I C E N SE D B Y A S B A
i
. . .
P g eo n J o u r n al . L i cen s e N o 1 01 . .
NO T IC E ! If y a al ad y
o u r n m e is n o t re ai l i l i t
on ou r m ng s ,
it
wr e us at c on e kl y P i c C a d Ta
f o r W ee r e Shi pp i
r gs , ng and
D i Di c t i Al l F a ki It ll pay
,
f o r t he
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re s s n g re o ns r ee s ng yo u
ac q a i t d ith A LS SHIP liv D d
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t o ge t u n e w us O US e a nd res s e
Pi P l t y B tt V al Hi d F a th F
.
geo ns , ou r u er E ggs, e es , e er s, u r s , a nd
al l P d c t Fa Da i y
, , ,
ro u s o f t he r m a nd r .
SE C U R I T Y P R O D U C E C O
(A n I l l i n i C p a ti n ) o s or or o
t 1:
20 9 12 3 3 2 C HIC A GO ILLI NO I S
1 1
13 8 r
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’
P O S I T I V E LY THE B E ST G RI T
MI XT U RE MAD E
"
It s I ron P r opert ies MAK E R I C H

RE D B LOO D .
A d d in g .
s tren gth t o th e b ird s . M ore sol d to
winn ers an d the U . S Gov ernment t han

. al l ot h er h ealt h
grit s comb in ed . Ask Y ou r D eal er For I t

. .
P rices Qu ot ed on H eal th Grit and N est B owl s .
T he J . W W i l l ia m s o n. C0
G lassb oro N ew Jersey
Pige o n H ealt h G rit

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D al t o n s
P E R F E C T G R IT R A T I O N
THE
ge o n s r Pi th
e and s u s gr o w iv and q ab
um w en fa t pl p h
on s G r D al t
is in t h e
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c a y b b d y b i ld i c tai d
.
ne es s r f or o n e a nd o u ng no t on ne in
gr n: me a i Li r o O s er S al t Ch a c al y t Sh ll S lp h
e u u r , a nd
t p p ti d i c i al t i c val ca f l
, , , ,
o her r o er es of m e n an d on ue re u
bala c d
an d m w i x d ith
m es o ne c h d li t ba
—
ly n e e fi ne r u s e se .
O U R 30 D A Y T R I A L G U A R A N T E E
S d
en us f o r 1 00 lb sD al t Pi
on s H al th it
g eo n e Gr u s e it
'
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is u n r e e af t
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e rs o n t he m r e we e n e er h a d s r e u rn e to u s
D E A LE RS W A N T E D —I t y
.
d al d n t h a nd l D al t n
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ou r e er oes o e o s
Pi g H al th G it h av h im w it
eo n e r f d al ep ic i q a r e us or e er s
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r es n u n
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.
t it y a p 1 00 l b ; f er s or s. o
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l pl
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W A RN I N G — D t f d D al t o Pi gno H al th G it t c hi ck
ee
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no d w i l l k i l l th m if f d t
e or ens an e e o
th m U e l y f p i g n th b i d
.
e . s on or eo s or o er r s .
1 000 l b .
TOBACCO STEMS Al l p i c f
2 00 l b 5 00 l b s . s . s
b J pl i M R a i l adr es . o
.
. o n, o . ro
w i ght a t p i t
e f hi p m n t m t g v n tt l m n t
o n o s e us o er se e e .
W . H D AL T O N
. C O M PANY , M anu factu rers
1 02 V i r gini a A v enu e J o pli n, M is so u ri .
W i t h o u t d es i ri n g ,
l ea st to d etract f r o m th e im
in t h e ,
po rta n c e o f m att er s s u c h as br eed se l ecti o n ad eq u at e

,
h o u s i ng fac i l i ti es an d p rop er care w e wi s h to i m pr ess o n

,
t he m i n d of t h e P i geo n B r ee d er t h at u po n h is O U T L E T ,
in oth e r word s his m ea n s o f M A R K E T I N G t he fi n i s h ed

,
pro d u c t w i l l d e p en d H I S PRO FIT S T h e adva n ta ges of

.
i m prov ed s tock good q u a rt ers an d fa u l tl ess care can b e

,
en t i r e l y d i ss i pat e d thro u gh t h e em plo y m en t of h ap h a z ard
m ark eti n g m et h od s To t h i s f eat u r e m or e fai l u r es in t he

.
p i geo n b reed i ng b u s i ness can u n do u bt ed l y b e tru t h f u l ly

attri b u t ed th a n an y oth er .
W IL SO N CO a h o u se fi n a n c i al l y s tro ng a h o u s e
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of co ntact w i t h th e co nsu m er of yo u r p rod u ct In co n .
s i gn i n g yo u r s h i p m en t s of dr ess ed s q u ab s to t he u nd er
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t h e y a re wort h .
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NE W Y ORK C ITY N Y
'
. .
L ar gest H and ler s of S quab s a nd -
P igeons in T his C ount ry .
Sc h weitz er S erv ic e means c lose at

t ent ion t o you r sh ipment s no matt er
how large o r small and pr ompt r e,
tu rns .
Ar e you c
r e eiv ing ou r Weekly
Qu ot ations !
Write us and we will put your name

on ou r mailing list .
ST RAI N O F
N oth ing but the v ery b est

ar e k ept f or Breed ers .
All b ir d s b and ed with the

Assoc iation sea mless b and s .
S tock t on C alif P 0 Box N o

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JOI N THE ABOV E ASS O C I AT I O N S

And Be S ucc essful .
I n A ll C o lo rs
C hampion F ast Br eed ing S quab P r o d uc ers
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W a rre n to n M , is s o u r i, U . S A . .

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PA I R OF W H IT E K IN G S

PROFITABLE PIGEON BREEDING

F . A RT HUR HAZ ARD

o r o re o rs , eri n u ree er s sso on .

s e- res en . er n ua r ee ers sso on

tak e at p l ea s u r e in pr esenti n g to t he p u b l i c P r oﬁtabl e

pa rti c u la r l y t t he b egi n n er It is a noth er o ne of o u r seri es of

s ta n dard pi ge o n t e xtbook s E x p eri en c ed br eed er s w i l l fin d i t

M r H aza r d is n ot o n l y a b r eed e r of p i geo ns b u t a r eco gn i z ed

a u t ho r ity o n t he s u b j ect h av i n g h ad a l i f e—lo ng ex p eri en c e to

b ack u p h is stat ement s H e is w el l k n ow n t o t he p i geo n worl d

a s a practi cal w rit er h a v i ng co n tri b u t ed arti cl es for m a n y y ear s

to t he A m er i ca n P i geo n J o u rn al H e k no w s w h at a ff ect s proﬁ t .

d etai l t he s u cc ess iv e st e p s t he b egi nn er m u st l earn in ord er to

N o ti m e or e x p e ns e has b een s pa red in m ak i ng t h i s book

a c t u al ph o to gra ph s wh i l e t he d ra w i ngs w ere p ec i al l y m ad e es .

i t no t nl y w l l u i t ed f r t ext b o k u s e in a gri c u lt u ral col

l ges po u l t ry ext e ns i o n c o u rs e boy s a nd gi rl s c l u b w o rk

Ye ars ago w h en the wri t er w as b u t a sm al l boy m y fat h er ,

ow ned an d br ed E n gl i s h P o u t er s and Fa n ta il P i geo ns N ot .

i n Wh i c h th es e b i rd s w er e k ept h as lo n g s i n c e b een tor n down

b u t t h e m em ory of i t sti l l l i n ger s in m y m i n d It w as t h en .

th at m y lov e for pi geo n s w as k i n dl ed o n l y to grow s tro n ger ,

a nd d eep er as t h e y ears h aVe pa ss ed T h ese y ears h av e bro u g h t

w i d e r ex p eri en c es to m e a n d b y th es e h ard ear n ed e x p e ri en c es

h av e I b een abl e to pr esen t th i s book to yo u in its pr esen t form .

T ho u gh I ﬁr s t k new t h e Fa ncy b r eed s my work w it h p ig eo ns

br eed s an d f eel i n g th at t h er e is n eed for a n ot h er work on th e

book No m an k no w s al l abo u t t h i s su bj ect an d I s i n c er el y

tr u s t th at in r ead i n g th ese c h apt ers yo u w i l l not f eel t h at I

h av e o n l y e nd ea v or ed to p resen t t h e s u bj ect as c aref u l l y a n d

i n t end ed na m el y : a t ext b ook fo r t he n ov i c e an d a h a n d book

d o w n t he o t h ers E ac h b r ed has its fa u l t s a s w e l l as its good

p u bl i cati o n of d es cri ptiv e sta ndard s an d il l u strat io ns of sev eral

pri m ari ly to s h ow o ff th es e gra n d b i rd s an d to en d eavor to

good f el l o w s h i p w e can cr e at e b e t w een t h e lov er s of t h e

t h e hop e o f t h e w rit er to bri n g m o r e b i r d s to Ou r l e adi n g s h o w s ,

t h em favori n g for t h e great er part e i th er t he fa n cy or t h

i nd eed grati fy i n g t o k n o w th e t r u e s pi ri t o f co op erati o n

th at ex i t s a mo ng t he p i geo n b r ed ers o f t h i s co u n t ry and gr eat

G lossary of Breed ing Terms

S PLI T TA I L—Ta i l f a th pa a t d a pa t b i g ca i d t ith

U N D E R C O L O R— T h c l f f a th ej t d tho or ofac f t h e er s us un er e sur e o e

w ith B i l l f Mat o erH w it h B i ll fr e e- e e on ou se o

him . ord er to m ak e m o n e y o u t of t he sq u ab b u s i n ess on e

I n m ak i n g a s tart w e w i s h to adv i s e al l b egi nn er s to act

som eth ing f o r n o t h i n g for a ca s e e t t h is k i n d is u su al l y t h e

fo r eru nn er of bi tt er d i s ap p o i n tm ent i f n o t o f co m p l et e fai l u re .

i nd i v i d u al o r co n c ern p r i n ti ng wo n d erf u l stori es abo u t th ei r

h av e to pri n t s u ch stori es in ord er to di s po s e of his b i rd s B e .

car ef u l n o t to b u y f r o m a d eal er b u t rat h er fro m a breed e

It is far m or e to yo u r adva n ta ge to p u rc h a se t h r ee pai rs of

b r eed i ng stock l i k e go o d m ach i n ery c a n n ot b e p u rc h a sed

c h eapl y R em em b er th at you ar e l ay i ng a fo u n dati o n u po n

eq u i p h is fact o r y w i th ol d w r n o u t m ach i n ery b eca u s e h e

So wi th a s q u a b pl a n t t h e p i geo n a r e t h e m ach i n ery

Y o u h av e a r i gh t t o get w h at yo u pay for a nd i t is to yo u r

A p r et ent i o u s h o me is not n eed ed for br eed ing sq u ab s Any .