Chapter: Probability Distributions Contents

Chapter: Probability Distributions
Contents:
31-2 A probability function is a rule of correspondence
31-3 What is a synonym or example of a variable?
38-3 Define the following term
45-1 "Which of the following ""probability mass functions"" "
56-1 Find P(T <= 0)
63-1 The random numbers generator
119-2 Approximately how many A's were there
120-1 A standard normal distribution has
121-2 What proportion of samples would have 4800 cells
131-2 find K so that the probability that a sample value is
135-1 variance = 0.000052. What is the probability
136-3 "normal variable, then the area to the left "
137-1 What area under the standard normal curve falls outside
137-2 "and a variance of 9, what percent of the population"
138-1 then P(Z > -0.38) is
138-2 then P(XBAR > 15) is
139-1 Find the 33rd percentile of the distribution of lifetimes
141-1 A Z-Score is a
141-3 Z-scores provide information about the location of
142-1 standard deviation = 10. Her Z-score is
142-2 Charlie's raw score on the test is

143-1 below approximately what percent of the students taking the test
144-1 better than what percent of the persons taking the test
144-2 will have a standard deviation equal to
145-2 A score of 85 from this population has a Z-score
146-2 The Z-score corresponding to the 52nd percentile is
147-1 number of students scoring between 70 and 82 is
149-1 Pr(-.25 < Z) is
149-2 what score will be associated with a standard Z score of 1.5
150-1 Pr(Z <= 1.65 or Z > 3.0) is
150-2 Pr(Z > +1.96 or Z < -1.65) is
155-2 then P(69.5 <= X <= 75)
166-1 of cases are likely to be between 86 and 93 in a normal
166-2 percentile rank does a score of 42 fall
167-1 What score has a percentile rank of 33%
167-2 scores for the middle 50% of the data
168-1 What percentage of the scores are above 78?
168-2 has an X value equal to
169-2 In a frequency distribution with a median of 50
170-1 21% of the observations lie below it?
171-1 what is the percentage of scores likely to fall below 550?
172-2 and variance 4 will fall between -9 and -4?
173-1 The probability that a value between 7 and 9 is obtained is
176-1 The standard normal score Z is:
176-2 what percentage of his students will earn an A?

177-1 Rods are too long to be useable
177-2 "are too short, what is the cut off length between ""too"
185-1 how much time should we give them?
189-1 "600 yard run-walk represent a normal distribution, how"
190-1 the monthly food expenditures of families
193-2 guarantees the battery to last 30 months.
200-1 The average weekly food expenditure was $70.00
202-1 a floor manager of a large department store
206-2 a floor manager of a large department store is studying
207-1 A floor manager of a large department store is studying the buying
213-1 If 91% of the bike-commuters take longer to reach campus than you
213-2 P(-1 < X < 5) = _______________
529-2 Which of the following random variables are continuous
530-3 What is the principal distinction between a discrete
531-2 The number of individuals in a family is a continuous variable.
531-3 Variables in which measurement is always approximate because
532-2 A continuous variable:
743-1 The breaking strength of a cable is a discrete variable.
1776-4 "If each score is raised by 7 points, what percentage"
1859-3 "If the mean depth of a river is 2 feet, it would be safe "
1860-1 The mean number of children per family in LA is quoted as 2.2.
2035-1 What percent of the area of a distribution lies between the first and
2054-1 The 70th percentile of the distribution of a random variable X
2054-2 Not more than 10% of a set of measurements can be above the 95th
Return to the list of chapters
Return to Brian Schott @ GSU
Questions:
31-2
Q: A probability function is a rule of correspondence or equation
that:
a) Finds the mean value of the random variable.

b) Assigns values of x to the events of a probability experiment.
c) Assigns probablities to the various values of x.
d) Defines the variability in the experiment.
e) None of the above is correct.
Back to this chapter's Contents
Look at the answer
31-3
Q: What is a synonym or example of a variable?
a) constant
b) characteristic which takes on different values
c) number of ears on humans
d) parameter
Look at the answer
38-3
Q: Define the following term and give an example of its use.
Your example should not be one given in class or in a handout.
Constant
Look at the answer
45-1
Q: A sample space consists of the following elementary events:
- the traffic-light is red

- the traffic-light is orange
- the traffic-light is green
Upon this a random variable X is defined as follows:
red = 1
orange = 2
green = 3
Which of the following "probability mass functions" of the discrete

random variable X is absolutely wrong?
a. 5/6 | b. 5/6 |
| |
4/6 | 4/6 | * *
p(X) | p(X) | * *
3/6 | 3/6 | * *
| | * *
2/6 | * * * 2/6 | * *
| * * * | * *
1/6 | * * * 1/6 | * * *
| * * * | * * *
---+--+--+------> X ---+--+--+------
> X
1 2 3 1 2 3
c. 5/7 | d. 5/7 | *
| | *
4/7 | 4/7 | *
p(X) | p(X) | *
3/7 | * * 3/7 | *
| * * | *
2/7 | * * 2/7 | *
| * * | *
1/7 | * * * 1/7 | * * *
| * * * | * * *
---+--+--+------> X ---+--+--+------
> X
1 2 3 1 2 3
Look at the answer
56-1
Q: Suppose that the random variable T has the following probability
distribution:
t | 0 1 2
----------------------
P(T = t) | .5 .3 .2
a. Find P(T <= 0)

b. Find P(T >= 0 and T < 2)
c. Compute E(T), the mean of the random variable T.
Look at the answer
63-1
Q: The random numbers generator of a computer produces values that are
uniformly distributed from zero to one. A programmer doesn't want
his program to print the same message everytime that a user reaches
a certain point in the program. He wants the program to print:
Hooray] 20% of the time,

Yep. 40% of the time,
Bullseye] 5% of the time, and
Fantastic] 35% of the time.
He can do this by including in the program an instruction that

tells the program to do different things depending on the random
number generated.
a. Sketch the distribution of random numbers and indicate areas

and
boundary values so that the 4 comments will appear as desired.
Look at the answer
119-2
Q: One hundred students took a test on which the mean score was 73
with a variance of 64. A grade of A was given to all who
scored 85 or better. Approximately how many A's were there,
assuming
scores were normally distributed? (Choose the closest.)
1. 42
2. 7
3. 58
4. 5
5. 22
Look at the answer

120-1
Q: A standard normal distribution has:
a. the mean equal to the variance

b. mean equal 1 and variance equal 1
c. mean equal 0 and variance equal 1
d. mean equal 0 and standard deviation equal 0
e. none of these
Look at the answer
121-2
Q:
Use the model that the number of cells in a sample of kidney tissue
is normally distributed with a mean of 4200 and a standard
deviation
of 300 to answer the following questions:
(a) What proportion of samples would have 4800 cells or more?

(b) What proportion of samples would have from 3700 to 4400 cells?
Look at the answer
131-2
Q: If a normal distribution has mean 200 and standard deviation 20,
find
K so that the probability that a sample value is less than K is
.975.
a. 239 b. 204 c. 210 d. 215 e. 220

E. 220 F. 230 G. 239 H. 250
Look at the answer
135-1
Q: The thickness of the individual cards produced by a certain
playing card manufacturer is normally distributed with mean =
0.01 inches and variance = 0.000052. What is the probability
that a deck of 52 cards is more than 0.65 inches in thickness?
A. .001 B. .006 C. .023 D. .036

E. .067 F. .087 G. .159 H. .184
Look at the answer
136-3
Q: If Z is a standard normal variable, then the area to the left of
Z = 0.65 is:
a. 0.35 d. 0.2578
b. 0.2242 e. 0.7422
c. 0.65
Look at the answer
137-1
Q: What area under the standard normal curve falls outside the Z
values
-2.5 and 2.5?
a. .0062 b. .9876 c. .0124 d. .4938 e.

.5062
Look at the answer
137-2
Q: If the life of wild pheasants follows a normal distribution with a
mean of 9 months and a variance of 9, what percent of the
population
will be less than 11 months of age?
(Note that MU = 9 and SIGMA(X)**2 = 9.)
(a) 34.13 (c) 74.86

(b) 84.13 (d) 62.93

Look at the answer
138-1
Q: If Z is the standard normal random variable, then P(Z > -0.38) is
(a) .1480 (c) .3520

(b) .2960 (d) .6480
Look at the answer
138-2
Q: If XBAR is the mean of a sample from a normal distribution with MU
= 10,
SIGMA(X)**2 = 25 and n = 9, then P(XBAR > 15) is:
(a) .001350 (c) .98778

(b) .998650 (d) .15866
Look at the answer
139-1
Q: The distribution of lifetimes for a certain type of light
bulb is normally distributed with a mean of 1000 hours and a
standard deviation of 100 hours. Find the 33rd percentile of
the distribution of lifetimes.
a. 560
b. 330
c. 1044
d. 1440
e. none of these
Look at the answer
141-1
Q: A Z-Score is a
a. raw score with a mean of zero;

b. raw score with a mean of 50;
c. standard score with a mean of zero;
d. standard score with a mean of 50.
Look at the answer
141-3
Q: Z-scores provide information about the location of raw scores
a. below the mean in units of the range of the distribution;

b. above the mean in units of the standard deviation of the
distribution;
c. above and below the mean in units of the range of the
distribution;
d. above and below the mean in standard deviation units from
the mean.
Look at the answer
142-1
Q: Mary has a raw score of 40 in a distribution of scores with mean =
30, range = 60, and standard deviation = 10. Her Z-score is:
a) -1.00 d) +1.00
b) -0.67 e) +10.00
c) +0.67
Look at the answer
142-2
Q: Charlie's Z-score is 1.15 on a classroom examination. The mean
score for the class is 50, the range is 25, and the standard de-
viation is 10. Charlie's raw score on the test is:
a) 11.15 c) 61.50
b) 51.15 d) 77.75
Look at the answer
143-1
Q: A person with a Z-Score of -2.00 has performed below approximately
what percent of the students taking the test?
a) 2 percent d) 84 percent
b) 15 percent e) 97 percent
c) 50 percent
Look at the answer
144-1
Q: Suppose you were told that scores on an examination were converted
to standard scores with a mean = 500, range of 800, and a standard
deviation of 100. A person with a score of 600 has performed bet-
ter than what percent of the persons taking the test?
a) 20 percent d) 84 percent
b) 50 percent e) 97.5 percent
c) 57 percent
Look at the answer
144-2
Q: If each of a set of raw scores is transformed into a Z-score, the
new
distribution will have a standard deviation equal to
a. zero.
b. one.
c. the mean of the original distribution.
d. the standard deviation of the original distribution.
e. a variable, depending upon the shape and spread of the original
distribution.

Look at the answer
145-2
Q: In a population there are 60 scores; the distribution has a mean of
45 and a standard deviation of 25. A score of 85 from this
population:
a. has a Z-score of 1.60.

b. has a Z-score of 1.00.
c. has a Z-score of -1.00.
d. it is impossible to compute Z without additional
information
e. none of the above
Look at the answer
146-2
Q: The Z-score corresponding to the 52nd percentile is:
a. 2.06
b. 2.05
c. 1.99
d. 0.48
e. 0.05
Look at the answer
147-1
Q: Assume that the test scores of 600 students are normally distri-
buted with a mean of 76 and a standard deviation of 8. The number
of students scoring between 70 and 82 is:
a. 328
b. 164
c. 260
d. 136
e. 272
Look at the answer

149-1
Q: Pr(-.25 < Z) is
a. greater than .5000

b. less than .5000
c. equal to .5000
d. not possible to determine without more information.
Look at the answer
149-2
Q: Given that a distribution has a mean of 32 and a standard deviation
of
4, what score will be associated with a standard Z score of 1.5?
a) 26
b) 32
c) 38
d) 40
Look at the answer
150-1
Q: Pr(Z <= 1.65 or Z > 3.0) is
1) 0.0508
2) 0.9518
3) 0.9482
4) 0.0482
5) None of the above
Look at the answer
150-2
Q: Pr(Z > +1.96 or Z < -1.65) is
1) 0.025
2) 0.05
3) 0.0745
4) 0.0495
5) None of the above
Look at the answer
155-2
Q: The height of male college freshmen has a normal distribution with
mean 71 inches and standard deviation 3 inches. If X is the height
of a male college freshman selected at random, then P(69.5 <= X <=
75) =
a. .5997
b. .6915
c. .2167
d. .9082
e. none of these
Look at the answer
166-1
Q: What percent of cases are likely to be between 86 and 93 in a
normal
distribution with mean 87 and variance 4?
a. 30.85% d. 69.02%
b. 30.72% e. none of these
c. 49.87%
Look at the answer
166-2
Q: In a normal distribution with mean 30 and variance 25, at what
percentile rank does a score of 42 fall?
a. .82%
b. 49.18%
c. 50.82%
d. 99.18%
e. none of these
Look at the answer
167-1
Q: Suppose a set of data has a normal distribution with mean 43 and
variance 9. What score has a percentile rank of 33%?
a. 44.32 d. 41.68
b. 39.04 e. none of these
c. 41.47
Look at the answer
167-2
Q: In a normal distribution with mean 3 and variance 49, what are the
upper and lower limit scores for the middle 50% of the data?
a. -29.83 and 35.83

b. -1.31 and 7.69
c. -1.69 and 7.69
d. 3.00 and 24.00
e. none of these
Look at the answer
168-1
Q: Consider a normal distribution with a mean of 86 and a standard
deviation of 16. What percentage of the scores are above 78?
a. 69.15%
b. 2.28%
c. 97.72%
d. 77.34%
e. none of these
Look at the answer
168-2
Q: The 67th percentile of a normal distribution with mean 6 and
variance
9 has an X value equal to:
a. 12.66 d. 8.22
c. 8.24
Look at the answer
169-2
Q: In a frequency distribution with a median of 50 and a standard
deviation of 4, what score corresponds to a standard score of 1.0?
a. 12.5 d. cannot be determined without additional

information
b. 54 e. none of the above is true
c. 46
Look at the answer
170-1
Q: A normal distribution has mean 10 and variance 100. What is the
number
such that 21% of the observations lie below it?
a. 11.9 d. 9.193
c. 4.4
Look at the answer

171-1
Q: If certain scores are distributed normally with mean 500 and
variance
625, what is the percentage of scores likely to fall below 550?
(1) 97.72% (4) 65.54%

(2) 84.13% (5) none of these
(3) 47.72%
Look at the answer
172-2
Q: What proportion of cases in a normal distribution with mean -7
and variance 4 will fall between -9 and -4?
a. .9759 d. .7745
b. .4649 e. none of these
c. .5919
Look at the answer
173-1
Q: A normally distributed variable has a mean of 10 and a standard
devia-
tion of 2. The probability that a value between 7 and 9 is
obtained is:
a. .6247 d. .0668
b. .3085 e. none of these
c. .2417
Look at the answer
176-1
Q: The standard normal score Z is:
a) Normally distributed with a mean of zero and with a
standard deviation of one.
b) Calculated by the formula Z = [X - MU]/[SIGMA].
c) Used to find the probabilities associated with any
normal distribution.
d) All of the above are correct.
e) None of the above are correct.
Look at the answer
176-2
Q: A physical education instructor told his class that they could
earn
an A for the triple-jump if they could jump further than 24 feet.
If
the distances jumped by students are normally distributed with a
mean
of 22 feet and a standard deviation of 3 feet, what percentage of
his
students will earn an A?
a) 0.0228 b) 0.2486 c) 0.2514 d) 0.4772

Look at the answer
177-1
Q: Rods produced by G&R Company are normally distributed with a mean
of 66
cm. and a standard deviation of 2 cm. Rods are too long to be
useable
if they are longer than 68.5 cm. What percentage of these rods are
too
long?
a) 0.1056 b) 0.1151 c) 0.3849 d) 0.3944

Look at the answer

177-2
Q: Rods produced by G&R Company are normally distributed with a mean
of
66 cm. and a standard deviation of 2 cm. If the shortest 4
percent
are too short, what is the cut off length between "too short"
and
"acceptable length"?
a) 62.5 b) 63.36 c) 64.25 d) 65.96

Look at the answer
185-1
Q: The average time students need to finish a particular test is 70
minutes
with a standard deviation of 12 minutes. (Assume that these times
are
normally distributed.) If we want 90% of the students to have
suffi-
cient time to finish the test, how much time should we give them?
a. 54.64 minutes
b. 85.36 minutes
c. 136.48 minutes
d. 254.32 minutes
Look at the answer
189-1
Q: If the times recorded for a group of 150 high school students
measured
on the 600 yard run-walk represent a normal distribution, how would
you
answer the following:
Given: XBAR = 2 minutes SIGMA = 12 seconds n = 150
a. time for the best student?

b. time for the worst student?
c. number of students worse than 2 minutes, 15 seconds?
d. number of students better than 1 minute, 42 seconds?
e. what is the mode?
f. what is the median?
Look at the answer
190-1
Q: Assuming that the monthly food expenditures of families of a
certain
size in one economic group are approximately normally
distributed
with a mean of $130 and a standard deviation of $20:
a. What proportion of the expenditures are less than $90?
b. What percentage of the expenditures are between $100 and $120?
c. What percentage of the expenditures are either less than $120

or more than $150?
d. Above what value does the top 14 percent of the expenditures

lie?
Look at the answer
193-2
Q: Suppose the length of life of certain kinds of batteries is
normally
distributed with MU = 36 months, SIGMA = 4 months. The company
guar-
antees the battery to last 30 months. What proportion of the
batter-
ies will they have to make an adjustment on?
Look at the answer
200-1
Q: The U.S. Department of Commerce has just completed a sample survey
of
weekly food expenditures. A simple random sample of 100 families
was
taken. The average weekly food expenditure was $70.00 per week,
with
a standard deviation of $8.00. You may assume expenditures in the
population to be normally distributed.
a. What proportion of the families spent $85.00 or more per week

on food? Be sure to diagram your problem solution]
b. Using the information above, find the expenditure value above

which 80% of the families lie.
Look at the answer
202-1
Q: Suppose a floor manager of a large department store is
studying buying habits of their customers.
a) If he is willing to assume that monthly income of these

customers
is distributed normally, what proportion of the income should
he
expect to fall in the interval determined by MU +/- 1.2(SIGMA)?
b) What proportion of the income should he expect to be greater

than MU + SIGMA?
c) Still assuming normality, what is the probability that a

customer selected at random will have an income exceeding the
population mean by 3*SIGMA?
Look at the answer
206-2
Q: Suppose a floor manager of a large department store is studying
the buying habits of the store's customers.
a) If he is willing to assume that monthly income of these

customers is distributed normally and SIGMA = $500, find
the proportion of customers exceeding the population mean
by $375.
b) Find the proportion of customers within $125 of the

population mean.
Look at the answer

207-1
Q: A floor manager of a large department store is studying the buying
habits of the store's customers. Suppose the manager has someone
tell him that monthly income of these customers is distributed nor-
mally with a population mean of $600 and standard deviation of
$500.
a) What proportion of the customers should he expect to have

incomes less than $600?
b) What proportion should he expect to have incomes less

than $725?
Look at the answer
213-1
Q: Assume that commuting time via bicycle to the campus is a normal
random variable with mean MU = 8 minutes and standard deviation
SIGMA = 2 minutes.
If 91% of the bike-commuters take longer to reach campus than you

do, then your commuting time is approximately:
(a) 5.32 (d) 10.68

(b) 5.71 (e) 4.88
(c) 7.54
Look at the answer
213-2
Q: If X is a random variable from a normal distribution with mean =
2.0
and variance = 4.0 then P(-1 < X < 5) = _______________.
Look at the answer

529-2
Q: Which of the following random variables are continuous and which
are discrete?
a. IQ
b. number of kittens in a litter
c. number of responses made by a rat in a bar-pressing
situation
d. the rate of bar pressing (responses/time)
1. a, b continuous; c, d discrete
2. a, c, d continuous; b discrete
3. d continuous; a, b, c discrete
4. a continuous; b, c, d discrete
5. none of these.
Look at the answer
530-3
Q: What is the principal distinction between a discrete and continuous
random variable? Give an example of each.
Look at the answer
531-2
Q: True or False? If False, correct it.
The number of individuals in a family is a continuous variable.
Look at the answer
531-3
Q: Variables in which measurement is always approximate because they
permit an unlimited number of intermediate values are:
a. nominal.
b. discrete.
c. ordinal.
d. continuous.
e. interval.
Look at the answer
532-2
Q: A continuous variable:
a) may take on only integer values (e.g. 0, 1, 2, ...).

b) may take on only a finite number of different values.
c) may take on an infinite number of values.
d) must be any nonnegative real number.
Look at the answer
743-1
The breaking strength of a cable is a discrete variable.
Look at the answer
1776-4
Q: Consider a normal distribution with MU = 67 and SIGMA**2 = 144.
If each score is raised by 7 points, what percentage of the new
scores is less than 74?
a. 72%
b. 88%
c. 50%
d. 52%
e. none of these
Look at the answer

1859-3
Q: True or False?
If the mean depth of a river is 2 feet, it would be safe for a non-

swimmer to wade across.
Look at the answer
1860-1
Q: True or False?
The mean number of children per family in LA is quoted as 2.2.

Since very few families have 2/10 of a child, this figure must
be wrong.
Look at the answer
2035-1
Q: What percent of the area of a distribution lies between the first
and
third quartiles?
a. 25
b. 50
c. 68
d. 75
e. The question can't be answered without knowledge of the
specific
distribution.
Look at the answer
2054-1
The 70th percentile of the distribution of a random variable X is
an
x-value which is exceeded by 70% of the population of X.
Look at the answer
2054-2
Not more than 10% of a set of measurements can be above the 95th
percentile.
Look at the answer
Answers:
31-2
A: c) Assigns probabilities to the various values of x.
Back to review this question
Look at this question's identification
31-3
A: b) characteristic which takes on different values

38-3
A: Definition: A characteristic or measurement that only takes one
unchanging value.
Example: Suppose that we accurately record the amount of change
carried by each person attending a class on a
particular
day. The mean for that population is a constant, say,
53 cents. It has one value which will not change.
(On the
other hand, if we consider drawing a random sample of
5
from the class and calculating a sample mean, we are
dealing with a random variable. If we draw one sample
it will have one mean, say, 82 cents. If we draw
another
sample, it almost always will have another mean, say,
45 cents, etc.)
45-1
A: b. Because here the sum of the probabilities is greater than 1.
56-1
A: a. P(T <= 0) = .5
b. P(T >= 0 and T < 2) = P(T = 0 or T = 1)

= P(T = 0) + P(T = 1)
= .5 + .3
= .8
c. E(T) = SUM(t * P(T = t))

= (0*.5) + (1*.3) + (2*.2)
= 0.7
63-1
A: This question can have many correct answers. One of them follows.
---------------------
| | | || |
REL. | | | || |
FREQ. | | | || |
| | | || |
---------------------------------
0 .2 .6 .65 1 VALUES OF RANDOM NUMBER
If the random number is between
0 and .2 print Hooray]

.2+ and .6 print Yep.
.6+ and .65 print Bullseye]
.65+ and 1 print Fantastic]
119-2
A: 2. 7
120-1
A: c. mean equal 0 and variance equal 1.
121-2
A: (a) .0228
Z = (4800 - 4200)/300 = 2.00

Area for Z = 2.00 is .4772.
Therefore, the desired area is .5000 - .4772 = .0228.
(b) .7011
Z(1) = (3700 - 4200)/300 = -1.67

Z(2) = (4400 - 4200)/300 = 0.67
Prob(-1.67 < Z <= 0) = 0.4525

Prob(0 < Z < 0.67) = 0.2486
Therefore, the desired area is 0.4525 + 0.2486 = .7011.
131-2
A: a. 239
(K - 200)/20 = 1.96
Therefore, K = 239

135-1
A: B. .006
MU (deck) = 52 * .01 = .52

Var(deck) = 52 * .000052 = .002704
Z = (.65 - .52)/SQRT(.002704) = .13/.052

= 2.5
P(Z > 2.5) = .0062
136-3
A: e. 0.7422
137-1
A: c. .0124
137-2
A: (c) 74.86
Z = (11 - 9)/3 = .67

P(Z < .67) = (.2486) + (.5000)
= .7486
= 74.86%
138-1
A: (d) .6480
From the table of cumulative normal distribution, the area

under
the curve to the right of Z = -0.38 is .6480.
138-2
A: (a) .001350
P(XBAR > 15) = P(Z > (15 - 10)/(5/3)) = P(Z > 3)

= .001350
139-1
A: e. none of these
P(z<=?) = .33
z = -.44
-.44 = (x-1000)/(100)
x = -44 + 1000
= 956

141-1
A: c. standard score with a mean of zero.
141-3
A: d. above and below the mean in standard deviation units from
the mean.
142-1
A: d) +1.00
Z = (X - MU)/Standard Deviation
= (40 - 30)/10 = 1
142-2
A: c) 61.50
1.15 = (X - 50)/10
X = 61.50
143-1
A: e) 97 percent
Z = -2
Area to left of Z = .0228
Total area = 1
Percentage of people above that person = 1 - .0288

= .9712*100
= 97.12 percent
144-1
A: d) 84 percent
Z = (600 - 500)/100 = 1
Area between Z and Mean = .3413

Area to Left of Z = .5 + .3413 = .8413
Percentile Rank = 100*.8413 = 84.13
Therefore, the person has performed better than 84 percent of

the people.

144-2
A: b. one.
Z-score = (X - MU)/SIGMA
VAR(Z) = 1.0
145-2
A: a. has a Z-score of 1.60.
Z-score = (X - MU)/SIGMA
= (85 - 45)/25 = 1.60
146-2
A: (e)
147-1
A: a. 328
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
Z-Score for 70 = (70-76)/8 = -.75
Z-Score for 82 = (82-76)/8 = .75
The area between -.75 and .75 = .2734 + .2734 = .5468
Number of students = 600*.5468 = 328
149-1
A: a. greater than .5000.
Pr(-.25 < Z) = .5000 + .0987 = .5987.
149-2
A: c) 38
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
1.5 = (X - 32)/4
X = 32 + 1.5*4 = 32 + 6 = 38
150-1
A: (2) 0.9518
P(Z <= 1.65 or Z > 3.0) = P(Z <= 1.65) + P(Z > 3.0)
= .9505 + .0013 = .9518

150-2
A: (3) 0.0745
Pr(Z > +1.96 or Z < -1.65) = P(Z > 1.96) + P(Z < -1.65)
= .0251 + .0494 = .0745
155-2
A: a. .5997
Z(1) = (69.5 - 71)/3 = -.5

Z(2) = (75 - 71)/3 = 1.33
P(69.5 <= X <= 75) = P(-.5 <= Z <= 1.33)

= .1915 + .4082 = .5997
166-1
A: d. 69.02%
Mean = 87
Variance = 4
SIGMA = 2
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
Z to the left of mean = (86 - 87)/2 = -1/2 = -.5
Z to the right of mean = (93 - 87)/2 = 6/2 = +3
Area between Z values of -.5 to +3 = .1915 + .4987 = .6902.

Percentage of cases between 86 and 93 = 69.02%
166-2
A: d. 99.18%
Mean = 30 Variance = 25 SIGMA = 5

Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (42 - 30)/5 = 2.4
Area to the right of Z = 2.4 is .0082.
Percentile rank = 100 - (.0082*100)

= 99.18%
167-1
A: d. 41.68
Z value corresponding to .33 = -.44

Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (X - 43)/3
(-.44) * 3 = X - 43
X = 43 - 1.32 = 41.68
167-2
A: c. -1.69 and 7.69
Mean = 3, Variance = 49, SIGMA = 7
We want the limits for the middle 50% of the data, i.e. from
the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile.
Z value on left of mean corresponding to 25th percentile = -
.67
Z value on right of mean corresponding to 25th percentile =
.67
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
-.67 = (X - 3)/7
-4.69 = X - 3
X(lower limit) = -1.69

Similarly, X(upper limit) = 3 + 4.69 = 7.69
168-1
A: a. 69.15%
Mean = 86 SIGMA = 16 X = 78
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (78 - 86)/16 = -8/16 = -.5
Area to the right of Z value of -.5 = .1915 + .5 = .6915

Percentage of scores above 78 = 69.15%.
168-2
A: e. none of these
Area for 67th percentile = .17 (between Z and mean)

Z value corresponding to .17 = .44
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (X - 6)/3
X = (.44 * 3) + 6 = 7.32

169-2
A: d. cannot be determined without additional information
170-1
A: b. 1.9
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
An area corresponding to the 21st percentile is the same as an

area = .29 between X and the mean.
Z value corresponding to this area = -.81
-.81 = (X - MU)/SIGMA
= (X - 10)/10
-8.1 = X - 10
X = 1.9
171-1
A: (1) 97.72%
Mean = 500
Variance = 625
SIGMA = 25
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA = (550 - 500)/25 = 2
Area beyond Z value of 2 = .0228 or 2.28%

2.28% of scores fall above 550
Percentage of scores falling below 550 = 100% - 2.28% = 97.72%
172-2
A: d. .7745
Z value for an observation of -9 = (X - MU)/SIGMA

= (-9 - (-7))/2 = -1
Z value for an observation of -4 = (-4 - (-7))/2 = 1.5
Area between Z values of -1 to 1.5 = .3413 + .4332 = .7745
173-1
A: c. .2417
Z value associated with 9 = (X - MU)/SIGMA

= (9 - 10)/2
= -.5
Z value associated with 7 = (7 - 10)/2

= -1.5
Area between Z values of -1.5 and -.5 = .4332-.1915 = .2417
176-1
A: d) All of the above are correct.
176-2
A: c) 0.2514
Z = [X - MU]/[SIGMA]
= [24 - 22]/[3]
= .666
Prob.(Z>.666) = .2514
177-1
A: a) 0.1056
Z = [X - MU]/[SIGMA]
= [68.5 - 66]/[2]
= 1.25
Prob.(Z>1.25) = .1056
177-2
A: a) 62.5
Prob.(Z= 46) = p(Z >= [46-40]/[8])

= p(Z >= .75)
= .2266
Expected frequency E(f) = N * p
= (10,000) * (.2266)
= 2266
185-1
A: b. 85.36 minutes
The upper 10% of the students (needing the most time)
correspond
to a Z-score in a standard normal distribution of 1.28
1.28 = [X-70]/[12] implies X = 85.36
189-1
A: a. Using the empirical rule, the expected Z score for the fastest
runner would be near -3, which converts to an approximate time
of
84 seconds.
((120 - 3*12) = 120 - 36 = 84)
b. Again using the empirical rule, the expected Z score for the
slowest runner would be near +3, which converts to an
approximate
time of 156 seconds.
((120 + 12*3) = 156)
c. Z = 135 - 120/12 = 1.25

Area to the right of Z = 1.25 is .1056
.1056 * 150 = 16 students
d. (102 - 120)/12 = -1.5

Area to the left of Z = -1.5 is .0668
.0668 * 150 = 10 students
e. two minutes
f. two minutes
190-1
A: a. Z = (90 - 130)/20 = -2
percentage = .5 - .4772 = 2.28 percent
b. Z = (100 - 130)/20 = -1.5

Z = (120 - 130)/20 = - .5
percentage = .4332 - .1915 = 24.17 percent
c. Z(120) = -.5 percentage = .5 - .1915 = 30.85 percent

Z(150) = 1.0 percentage = .5 - .3413 = 15.87 percent
total percentage = 46.72 percent
d. .5 - .14 = .36 Z = 1.08
1.08 = (value - 130)/20 value = $151.60
193-2
A: P(X < 30) = P(Z < (30 - 36)/4)
= P(Z < -1.5)
= .0668 or 6.68%
200-1
A: If available, consult file of graphs and diagrams that could not be
computerized.
a) Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
= (85 - 70)/8
= 1.875
Area beyond this Z value is .0301, so 3.01% of the families

spent
85 dollars or more per week.
b) A cumulative Z value such that 80% lies above it or 20% lies

below
it is -.84.
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
-.84 = (X - 70)/8
X = 63.28
Therefore, 80% of the families lie above the expenditure value

of
$63.28/week.
202-1
A: a) P(MU <= X <= 1.2SIGMA) = .3849
P(X is in interval MU +/- 1.2SIGMA) = 2(.3849) = .7698
b) P(X > (MU + SIGMA)) = (.5 - .3413) = .1587
c) P(X > MU + (3*SIGMA)) = (.5 - .4987) = .0013
206-2
A: a) Z = 375/500 = .75
P(Z > .75) = (0.5 - .2734) = .2266
b) Z = 125/500 = .25
P(-.25 <= Z <= .25) = 2(.0987) = .1974
207-1
A: a) .5
b) Z = (725 - 600)/500 = .25

P(Z < .25) = .5 + .0987 = .5987
213-1
A: (a) 5.32
Area beyond Z = .09

Z = -1.34
Z = (X - MU)/SIGMA
-1.34 = (X - 8)/2
-2.68 = X - 8
5.32 = X
213-2
A: P(-1 < X < 5) = .8664
P(-1 < X < 5) = P[ -1 - 2 < X - 2 < 5 - 2]
= P[(-1 - 2)/2 < (X - 2)/2 < (5 - 2)/2]
= P[-1.5 < Z < 1.5]
= .8664
529-2
A: 5. none of these
530-3
A: The principal distinction is that a discrete random variable can
assume
a countable number of values, while a continuous random variable
can
assume an uncountably infinite number of values.
Examples of a discrete random variable:

a. The number of heads obtained when a coin is flipped
three
times.
b. The number that turns up when a die is rolled.
c. The number of people waiting in line at a movie theater
Examples of a continuous random variable:

a. The height of a human
b. The amount of rainfall
c. Time required to run a mile
531-2
A: False - The number of individuals in a family is a discrete
variable,
since the values it can assume are only whole numbers.
531-3
A: d. continuous.
532-2
A: c) may take on an infinite number of values.
743-1
A: False, the breaking strength of a cable is a continuous variable.
1776-4
A: c. 50%
Since each score has been raised by 7 points, the mean will
also be
raised by 7 points. The new mean is 74. 50% of the scores
will be
less than the mean of a normal distribution.
1859-3
A: False. Actual depth may exceed the mean depth in some places.
1860-1
A: False
2035-1
A: b. 50
Between the twenty-fifth percentile, and the seventy-fifth

percen-
tile, the percentage of area is
75 - 25 = 50%.

2054-1
A: False, the 70th percentile value is exceeded by 30% of the
population.
2054-2
A: False, only 5 percent of the measurements are above the 95th per-
centile.
Identification:
31-2
Item is still being reviewed
Multiple Choice
PROBFUNCTION BASICTERMS/PROB
PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 3 General

31-3
Multiple Choice
BASICTERMS/STATS BASICTERMS/PROB
STATISTICS PROBABILITY
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
38-3
Based upon item submitted by J. Warren - UNH
Definition
BASICTERMS/PROB BASICTERMS/STATS
I650I PROBABILITY STATISTICS
T= 5 Comprehension
D= 3 General
45-1
Multiple Choice
CONCEPT/OTHER PROBMODELS GRAPH/PICTOGRAPH
PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY DESCRSTAT/P
PARAMETRIC STATISTICS
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General

56-1
Numerical Answer
EVENTS EXPECTATION PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General
***Multiple Parts***
63-1
Based upon item submitted by J. Warren - UNH
Numerical Answer
UNIFORM
RANDOMNUMBERS I650I PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY RANDOMVARIABLES
T= 5 Application
D= 3 General
119-2
Multiple Choice
STANDUNITS/NORMA
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 Education General
***Statistical Table Necessary***
120-1
Based upon item submitted by J. Inglis
Multiple Choice
STANDUNITS/NORMA MEAN VARIANCE
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
121-2
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE STANDUNITS/NORMA
T=10 Computation
D= 3 General
131-2
Based upon item submitted by A. Bugbee - UNH
Multiple Choice
OTHER/N ZSCORE
NORMAL PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY
STANDUNITS/NORMA ASSUMPTCUSTOMARY
T= 2 Computation
D= 2 General
135-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE STANDERROR/OTHER
STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY
DESCRSTAT/P PARAMETRIC STATISTICS
T= 5 Application
D= 4 Business General
***Calculator Necessary***
136-3
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE NORMAL
T= 2 Application
D= 2 General
137-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE NORMAL
T= 2 Computation
D= 1 General
137-2
Multiple Choice
PROPORTION ZSCORE
T= 2 Application
D= 4 Biological Sciences General Natural Sciences
138-1
Based upon item submitted by H. B. Christensen - BYU
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 3 General
138-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
CENTRALLIMITTHM STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY CONCEPT STATISTICS
T= 5 Computation Comprehension
D= 3 General
139-1
Multiple Choice
PERCENTILE ZSCORE
T= 5 Application
D= 4 General Natural Sciences
141-1
Based upon item submitted by R. Shavelson - UCLA
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 1 General
141-3
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
142-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
MEAN STANDARDDEVIATIO STANDUNITS/NORMA
T= 5 Computation
D= 4 General
142-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
MEAN STANDARDDEVIATIO STANDUNITS/NORMA
T= 5 Computation
D= 4 General
143-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE PERCENTILE
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General
144-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE PERCENTILE
T=10 Computation
D= 5 General
144-2
Based upon item submitted by R. Pruzek - SUNY at Albany
Multiple Choice
STANDARDDEVIATIO ZSCORE
POPULATIONMODELS DESCRSTAT/P PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
145-2
Based upon item submitted by W. J. Hall - Univ. of Rochester
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
D= 1 General
146-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE PERCENTILE
I650I STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY DESCRSTAT/P PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 3 General
147-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE NORMAL
APPLICATIONEX STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY MISCELLANEOUS
T= 5 Computation Comprehension Application

D= 2 General Education
149-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation Comprehension
D= 1 General
149-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
D= 1 General
150-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
D= 2 General
150-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
D= 2 General
155-2
Based upon item submitted by F. J. Samaniego - UC Davis
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General

166-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T=10 Computation
D= 4 General
166-2
Multiple Choice
PERCENTILE ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 4 General
167-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 4 General

167-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 4 General
168-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 4 General
168-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE PERCENTILE
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General

169-2
Multiple Choice
MEDIAN ZSCORE
MEAN DESCRSTAT/NP NONPARAMETRIC
STATISTICS STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY DESCRSTAT/P PARAMETRIC
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
170-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T=10 Computation
D= 4 General
171-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General
172-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE NORMAL
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General
173-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General
176-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
176-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
177-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
D= 1 General Natural Sciences
177-2
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
D= 2 General
185-1
Multiple Choice
ZSCORE
T= 2 Computation
189-1
Based upon item submitted by K. Amsden - UNH
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE MODE MEDIAN
I650I STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY DESCRSTAT/NP NONPARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
T=10 Computation
D= 3 General Education Biological Sciences
190-1
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
OTHER/N STANDUNITS/NORMA PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY NORMAL
T=10 Computation Application

D= 4 General Economics
193-2
Based upon item submitted by H. B. Christensen - BYU
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
D= 2 General Business
200-1
Numerical Answer
NORMAL ZSCORE
PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY STANDUNITS/NORMA
T=10 Computation
D= 4 General Business
202-1
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
206-2
Based upon item submitted by R. E. Lund - Montana State U.
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
207-1
Based upon item submitted by R. E. Lund - Montana State U.
Numerical Answer
ZSCORE
T= 5 Computation
213-1
Based upon item submitted by F. J. Samaniego - UC Davis
Numerical Answer
NORMAL ZSCORE
MEAN STANDARDDEVIATIO PROBDISTRIBUTION
PROBABILITY STANDUNITS/NORMA DESCRSTAT/P
T=10 Computation
D= 3 General
213-2
Based upon item submitted by S. Selvin - UC Berkeley
Numerical Answer
OTHER/N ZSCORE
NORMAL PROBDISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY
STANDUNITS/NORMA
T= 5 Computation
D= 3 General
529-2
Multiple Choice
DISCRETERANVAR CONTINUOUSRANVAR
RANDOMVARIABLES PROBABILITY
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 Psychology General
530-3
Short Answer
DISCRETERANVAR CONTINUOUSRANVAR
T= 5 Comprehension
D= 2 General
531-2
True/False
DISCRETERANVAR
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 1 General
531-3
Multiple Choice
CONTINUOUSRANVAR
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
532-2
Multiple Choice
CONTINUOUSRANVAR
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 1 General
743-1
True/False
BASICTERMS/STATS
STATISTICS
T= 5 Comprehension
D= 3 General

1776-4
Multiple Choice
MEAN PROPORTION
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 3 General
1859-3
Based upon item submitted by J. L. Mickey -UCLA
True/False
MEAN
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 1 General
1860-1
Based upon item submitted by J. L. Mickey -UCLA
True/False
MEAN
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 1 General
2035-1
Based upon item submitted by R. Pruzek - SUNY at Albany
Multiple Choice
PERCENTILE
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 2 General
2054-1
True/False
PERCENTILE
RANDOMVARIABLES DESCRSTAT/P PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS PROBABILITY
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 5 General
2054-2
True/False
PERCENTILE
T= 2 Comprehension
D= 1 General

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Chapter: Probability Distributions

31-3 What is a synonym or example of a variable?

38-3 Define the following term

45-1 "Which of the following ""probability mass functions"" "

56-1 Find P(T <= 0)

63-1 The random numbers generator

119-2 Approximately how many A's were there

120-1 A standard normal distribution has

121-2 What proportion of samples would have 4800 cells

131-2 find K so that the probability that a sample value is

135-1 variance = 0.000052. What is the probability

136-3 "normal variable, then the area to the left "

137-2 "and a variance of 9, what percent of the population"

138-1 then P(Z > -0.38) is

138-2 then P(XBAR > 15) is

139-1 Find the 33rd percentile of the distribution of lifetimes

141-3 Z-scores provide information about the location of

142-1 standard deviation = 10. Her Z-score is

142-2 Charlie's raw score on the test is

144-2 will have a standard deviation equal to

145-2 A score of 85 from this population has a Z-score

146-2 The Z-score corresponding to the 52nd percentile is

147-1 number of students scoring between 70 and 82 is

149-1 Pr(-.25 < Z) is

149-2 what score will be associated with a standard Z score of 1.5

150-1 Pr(Z <= 1.65 or Z > 3.0) is

150-2 Pr(Z > +1.96 or Z < -1.65) is

155-2 then P(69.5 <= X <= 75)

166-1 of cases are likely to be between 86 and 93 in a normal

166-2 percentile rank does a score of 42 fall

167-1 What score has a percentile rank of 33%

167-2 scores for the middle 50% of the data

168-1 What percentage of the scores are above 78?

168-2 has an X value equal to

169-2 In a frequency distribution with a median of 50

170-1 21% of the observations lie below it?

171-1 what is the percentage of scores likely to fall below 550?

172-2 and variance 4 will fall between -9 and -4?

173-1 The probability that a value between 7 and 9 is obtained is

176-1 The standard normal score Z is:

176-2 what percentage of his students will earn an A?

185-1 how much time should we give them?

189-1 "600 yard run-walk represent a normal distribution, how"

190-1 the monthly food expenditures of families

193-2 guarantees the battery to last 30 months.

200-1 The average weekly food expenditure was $70.00

202-1 a floor manager of a large department store

206-2 a floor manager of a large department store is studying

207-1 A floor manager of a large department store is studying the buying

213-2 P(-1 < X < 5) = _______________

529-2 Which of the following random variables are continuous

530-3 What is the principal distinction between a discrete

531-2 The number of individuals in a family is a continuous variable.

531-3 Variables in which measurement is always approximate because

532-2 A continuous variable:

743-1 The breaking strength of a cable is a discrete variable.

1776-4 "If each score is raised by 7 points, what percentage"