COCOPEAT-BASED COMPOST ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR LETTUCE

(Lactucasativa L)

FEMIE JHAY F. MAATUBANG

THESIS OUTLINE SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE

OF AGRICULTURE WESTERN MINDANAOSTATE UNIVERSITY
SAN RAMON, ZAMBOANGA CITY. IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

MARCH 2018
 WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
San Ramon, Zamboanga City

APPROVAL SHEET OF THE THESIS OUTLINE

Name: MAATUBANG, FEMIE JHAY F.

Degree:BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

Major: CROP SCIENCE

Thesis outline title: COCOPEAT BASED COMPOST ORGANIC FERTILZER

FOR LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L )

RECOMMENDED FOR APPROVAL BY THE MEMBERS OF THE

GUIDANCE/ADVISORY/EVALUATION COMMITTEE
________________________________________________________________________

NAME: SIGNATURE DATE

JERRY PAUL L. CAITUM _____________ __________

Member, evaluation committee

ARVEELYLE T. LAGORA _____________ __________

Member, evaluation committee

JOCELYN P. PEDROSO Ph. D. _____________ __________

Adviser

Approved by:

RAFAEL T. BAGUIO JOCELYN P. PEDROSO Ph.D

Chairman, Agricultural Science Department Dean, College of Agriculture
 TRANSMITTAL

The thesis manuscript hereto attached, entitled “COOPEAT BASED-

COMPOST FERTILIZER FOR LETTUCE” (Lactuca sativa L.) prepared and

submitted by FEMIE JHAY F. MAATUBANG, in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the degree of Bachelor in Science in Agriculture major in Crop Science is hereby

accepted.

JOCELYN P. PEDROSO, Ph.D.

Adviser

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Agriculture (Crop Science)

RAFAEL T. BAGUIO, DVM, MPA

Chairman, Agricultural Sciences Department

JOCELYN P. PEDROSO, Ph. D

Dean, College of Agriculture
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The researcher was born in Maasin, Zamboanga City, on August 3, 1995. He is

the son of Edgardo Tibor Maatubang Jr. and Susan Villarosa Francisco.

He finished his Elementary Education at Maasin Learning Center, Zamboanga

City in 2010 as Valedictorian; he continued his Secondary Education at Brent Hospital

Colleges Incorporated and graduated as Valedictorian in 2014.

He pursued his College education at the Western Mindanao State University,

College of Agriculture and sought the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

(BSA) and he became a Councilor in A.Y. 2015-2016, Vice-Mayor in A.Y. 2016-2017

and became a Mayor in A.Y. 2017-2018 in the College and he was also the Department

President of the Agricultural Sciences Department in A.Y. 2016-2017 and Class Public

Information Officer from he’s first year to fourth year during he’s undergrad he is also

the president in men’s dormitory .S. Y. 2017-2018. The researcher is not just active in

academic but also in extra-curricular. He received the awards of Leadership and Service

award as gold medallist during in his undergrad.

FEMIE JHAY F. MAATUBANG

Researcher
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author would like to express his deepest gratitude to his beloved adviser Dr.

Jocelyn P. Pedroso, for the undying support during the conduct of this paper works, for

the suggestions, corrections and guidance in formulation and preparation of the thesis

proposal and writing of this manuscript; to the member of the oral evaluation committee;

Mr. Jerry Paul L. Caitum, Mr. Arveelye T. Lagora and to the Department Head, Dr.

Rafael T. Baguio, for their valuable comments, criticisms and suggestions in making the

final contour of this manuscript;

To his classmates, Rizalina L. De Guzman, Jan Tristan Santiago, Valerie Acain,

Sheela Cabreros, Christy Mae Sergas, Ross Gerald Paraguya, To his Best friends, Erica

Talosig, Laarni Jean Ozaraga, Jeniffer Cruz, Princess Mae Gamorez, Jhosan Alarcon,

Ma. Lourdes San Juan for their deepest support suggestions and funny moments during

the conduct of this study.

Special thanks also to Sir Given Love S. Senturias, Sir Freddie S. Alamhali for

the support and suggestions during the conduct and collection of data. To Ma’am Jocelyn

E. Cuadra for the impart knowledge and most especially to his supportive “Barkada”

Alvin P. Buscas, Ariel Jay Arnado, Moh. Jaini Badidil, Jayson T. Caracena, Wystan Yeen

Sotero, Jovie Arcillas, Jul Alih, Lui Pactol, Jayson Acuna, Jameson Atilano and Rey V.

Tompong.
 The author also would like to express his heartfelt thanks his to loving parents:

Edgardo Maatubang Jr and Susan V. Maatubang although they are no longer around but

emotionally they are always present in the heart and mind of the author. To his Uncle

Edmund T. Maatubang and Aunt Reachel B. Maatubang who became his parents, for

financially support and unconditional love.

And above all, to our almighty God, for all the blessings, strength, courage and

love that He continuously showered and provided to the author.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

1. Introduction …………………………………………….……................... 1-4

2. Objectives of the study………………………………………………………..... 5

3. Scope and limitation…………………………………………………………..…6

4. Time and place of the study …………………………………………………....7

5. Review ofRelated Literature………………………………………………………7,8,9

6. Methodology…………………………………………………………................9

a. Materials ……………………………………………………………….……9

b. Experimental Design and Treatments……………………………………..10

c. Randomization ……………………………………………………………..10

d. Field layout…………………………………………………………....…... 12

e. Potting preparation ……………………………………………….…...…. 12

f. Seed bed preparation……………………………………………………12-13

g. Pricking …………………………………………………………………….13

h. Hardening…………………………………………………………………...13

i. Transplanting and Maintenance……………………………………....…...14

j. Fertilizer Application………………………………………………….…...14

k. Irrigation ……………………………………………………………….…..14

l. Cultivation……………………………………………………………….…15
 m. Weeding control and management………………………………………...15

n. Insect pest management………………………………………………… 15

o. Pruning…………………………………………………………………….....16

p. Harvesting………………………………………………………………….16

7. Data to be gathered………….………………………………………………….17

8. Literature cited………………………………………………………………….18

9. Appendices……………………………………………………………………….19
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES PAGE

1. Figure 1 Experimental Design and Layout of Lettuce………………….20

 LIST OF TABLES

TABLES PAGE

1. Number of days to maturity of Lettuce…………………………...…….21

2. Time Table of the Study…………………………………………………23

3. Budgetary Requirements…….……………………………….…………24
 ABSTRACT

FEMIE JHAY F. MAATUBANG, Western Mindanao State University, College

of Agriculture, San Ramon, Zamboanga City, March 2018. “COCOPEAT BASED-

COMPOST FERTILIZER FOR LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.)”

ADVISER: Dr. JOCELYN P. PEDROSO

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the applied cocopeat as organic

fertilizers to lettuce. The experimental design used was the Randomized Complete Block

design (RCBD). There were five treatments which replicated three times. The different

amount of cocopeat used are the following; T1- Control (no application), T2- 100%

CompostedCocopeat, T3- 50%Composted Cocopeat and25% Banana Peel (2:1), T4-

50% Composted Cocopeat and25% Goat Manureand 25% Kakawate(2:1:1), T5- 50%

Composted Cocopeat, 25%Composted Banana peel, 25% Composted Goat Manure.

(2:1:1)
 INTRODUCTION

The current demand in the practice of agriculture is through organic approach.

This study will focus on the utilization of the organic waste materials to be applied on

lettuce. The increasing cost of chemical fertilizers coupled with the growing awareness

on the possible hazards of synthetic chemicals on health and environment, and the issue

on sustainable development has brought wide interest on organic agriculture. The

Philippine government has recognized this reality, thus Executive Order 481 on the

“Promotion and Development of Organic Agriculture in the Philippines” was issued.

Nowadays, organic-based agricultural production is rapidly emerging in the

Philippines, which partly solves waste disposal problems through conversion of

biodegradable waste into organic compost; this ensures the availability of organic

fertilizer for crop production.Recently, as more organic fertilizers are produced and

utilized, its benefits have become more evident and measurable. The use of

microorganisms in organic fertilizer production has also been introduced.

Bio-organic fertilizers are process inoculated compost from any organic materials

that has undergone rapid decomposition by the introduction of homogenous microbial

inoculants. It is also called microbial fertilizer for it contains unique beneficial

microorganisms.

The research to be conducted is to establish a system that will enable small

farmers to produce their own organic fertilizers utilizing the available organic waste

materials present in the farm.The fertilizers are used to improve the fertility of the land

using biological wastes, hence the term bio-fertilizers. Biological wastes do not contain
any synthetic chemicals which are detrimental to the living soil. They are extremely

beneficial in enriching the soil with those micro-organisms, which produces organic

nutrients for the soil and help combat diseases. The farm produce does not contain traces

of hazardous and poisonous materials. Thus, those products were accepted across the

world as Organic ones. Hence, for organic farming the use of bio-fertilizers is needed.

Lettuce was first cultivated by the ancient Egyptians succulent leaves and oil-rich

seeds. Lettuce is easily cultivated, although it requires relatively low temperatures to

prevent it from flowering quickly. It can also be plagued by numerous nutrients

deficiencies, as well as insects and mammal infestation, fungal and bacterial diseases.

Lettuce is a rich source of vitamin K and vitamin A, and a moderate source of foliate and

iron. Contaminated lettuce can cause bacterial, viral and parasitic outbreaks in human,

including E. coli and Salmonella.

Lettuce (Lactucasativa) is an annual plant of the daisy familyAsteraceae. It is

most often grown on the ground as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds.

Lettuce is most often used for salads, although it is also seen in other kinds for food, such

as soups, sandwiches and wraps; it can also be grilled. One variety, the woju or asparagus

lettuce is grown for its stems, which are eaten either raw or cooked. In addition to its

main use as a leafy green, it also gathered religious and medicinal significance over

centuries of human consumption.

Lactucasativa is a member of the Lactuca (lettuce) genus and the Asteraceae

(sunflower or aster) family. The species was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in

the second volume of his species Planetarium. Lettuce grows well in spring and fall in
most regions. Lettuce seedlings will even tolerate a light frost. Temperatures between

45F and 60F are ideal. Because lettuce grows quickly, the best approach is to plant a

small amount at a time, staggering your plantings.

Cocopeat is a natural fiber made out of coconut husks gives us this

byproduct.Cocopeat is a 100% natural growing medium. This cocopeat dried in the

natural sun, are processed to produce different items namely cocopeat block, cocopeat

briquettes, cocopeat tables,etc. Cocopeat holds water rather than shedding it like

traditional peat ones. It holds 8 – 9 timeits weight in water. (www.dailymail.co.uk

.Retrieved 24 June 2016.)

Banana peel, also called banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of

thebanana fruit. Banana peels are used as food for animals, in water purification, for

manufacturing of several biochemical products. There are several methods to remove a

peel from a banana.

Bananas are a popular fruit consumed worldwide with a yearly production of over

165 million tons in 2011. Once the peel is removed, the fruit can be eaten raw or cooked

and the peel is generally discarded. Because of this removal of the banana peel, a

significant amount of organic waste is generated.

Banana peels are sometimes used as feedstock for cattle, goats, pigs, monkeys,

poultry, fish, zebras and several other species, typically on small farms in regions where

bananas are grown. There are some concerns over the impact of tannins contained in the

peels on animals that consume them.

 The nutritional value of banana peel depends on the state of maturity and the

cultivar; for example, plantain peels contain less fiber than dessert banana peels, and

lignin content increases with ripening (from 7 to 15% dry matter). On average, banana

peels contain 6-9% dry matter of protein and 20-30% fiber (measured as NDF). Green

plantain peels contain 40% starch that is transformed into sugars after ripening. Green

banana peels contain much less starch (about 15%) when green than plantain peels, while

ripe banana peels contain up to 30% free sugars.

Goat manure contains high content of nitrogen as compare to cows,buffaloes

andhorses manure.This nitrogen further enhances the growth of plants and crops by

nitrogenfixation,hence it increases the yield of crops at least by 20 %.Due to this reason

the demand for goat manure is vast in any part of the country and hence there is a hike in

goat manure prices year by year.

Using goat manure in garden beds can create the optimal growing conditions for

your plants. The naturally dry pellets are not only easy to collect and apply, but are less

messy than many other types of manure. There are endless uses for goat manure. Goat

droppings can be used in nearly any type of garden, including that of flowering plants,

herb, vegetables, and fruit trees. Goat manure can even be composted and used as

mulch.Many of the fruit gardeners has noticed that after using goat manure,falling of

their fruits before maturity (ripen) due to natural calamities like wind, heavy

rainfall,storm, etc. has been decreased by 50%.

One of the most common uses for goat manure is as a fertilizer. Goat manure

fertilizer can help gardeners produce healthier plants and crop yields. Goats not only
produce neater pelletized droppings, but their manure does not typically attract insects or

burn plants as does manure from cows, buffaloes or horses. It is nearlyodorless and is

beneficial for the soil to maintain its Ph.Goat manure is higher in nitrogen than horse and

cow manures -- on average, it has 22 pounds of nitrogen in 1 ton. Cow manure has only

10 pounds of nitrogen in 1 ton, according to the Ohio State University Extension.

This manure contains adequate amounts of the nutrients that plants need for

optimal growth, especially when the goats have bed in stalls. As urine collects in goat

droppings, the manure retains more nitrogen, thus increasing its fertilizing

potency.However, this increase in nitrogen usually requires composting prior to use.

Using goat manure in garden areas is one of the best ways to enrich the soil. Its

pellet state makes it suitable for direct applications to flower and vegetable gardens

without the worry of burning plants. In addition, the pellets are easy to spread and till into

the garden. Working in equal parts of goat manure, sand, and straw to spring beds is

another option, adding more or less manure throughout the season depending on the

plants grown.

One can typically obtain goat manure fertilizer from garden supply center or from

local farms and retailers. In fact, many goat farmers would be more than happy to dispose

the manure just to get it out of their way.Another advantage to using goat manure for

fertilizer is the fact that the pelletized droppings allow more airflow into compost piles,

which speeds up composting time as well.

Because goats eat grass and hay, their manure might contain weed seeds. This is

true of most grazing animals, including sheep and horses. Composting the manure
destroys most of these seeds, but a few remain viable -- ready to emerge in the garden. To

reduce this problem, one may use well-composted goat manure. Spread mulches over the

soil to thwart weeds and pull any weeds that appear quickly, before they go to seed.

Goat manure makes an excellent soil conditioner for new gardens, as well as

established gardens. It improves the soil texture so it uses water more efficiently and

allows more oxygen to reach the plants' roots. Goat manure, like all manures, offers a

low-cost, natural source of nitrogen and other nutrients. Because manure contains small

amounts of other nutrients, you will probably have to supplement it with other fertilizers,

depending on your soil fertility. Spread 40 pounds of goat manure on a new garden and

till to a depth of 8 inches. Spread 1 to 2 inches of manure annually on established beds

and till under.

Fresh animal manure, including goat manure, can contain pathogens that can

make people sick. Always use well-composted goat manure, especially if one’s using the

manure on edible crops. When opted to use goat manure that is rotten but not composted,

apply it at least 120 days before harvesting crops that grow close to the ground, such as

lettuce (Lactucasativa var. capitata) or root vegetables. It must be applied at least 90 days

in advance for crops that don't touch the soil, such as corn (Zea mays). Just because goat

manure is a natural product doesn't mean it's completely safe. When used in excess, it can

run off, potentially polluting ground water. The soil must be tilled well and avoid using it

on sloped areas, especially when heavy rain is predicted. (Mitchell, A. 1997.Production

of Eiseniafetida and vermicompost from feed-lot cattle manure. Soil Biology and

Biochemistry, 29 (3–4), 763–766.)

Objective of the study

1. The study is aimed to:

 To determine the growth and yield of lettuce by applying cocopeat-based

organic fertilizer.

Time and place of the study

The study was conducted at Western Mindanao State University - College of

Agriculture, San Ramon, Zamboanga City. From November to February 2018.

Scope and Limitation

The coverage of this study is to determine the response of Lettuce by applying the

compost fertilizer. The study will last about 3 months.

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Banana peels do not contain nitrogen, the primary nutrient necessary for foliage

growth. The peels do, however, contain relatively high levels of some micronutrients.

Calcium -- concentrated at 19.2 milligrams per gram in fresh peels -- improves the

breakdown of organic materials in the soil; makes other nutrients in the soil, nitrogen in

particular, more available to plants; and controls how nutrients and water move in and out

of cells. Manganese, concentrated at 76.2 mg/g in banana peels, aids in photosynthesis

and the formation of some enzymes and plant pigments. Sodium, concentrated at 24.3

mg/g, is involved in the movement of water and ions between cells. The peels also

contain magnesium and sulfur, both important in the formation of chlorophyll. Patricia

Hamilton Reed, Nutritional Values of Banana Peels for Plants,

http://homeguides.sfgate.com/nutritional-values-banana-peels-plants-

58851.htmlPotassium

Dried banana peels are 42 percent potassium, more than most other organic

substances, such as manure at 0.5 percent, wood ash at 10 percent and cantaloupe rinds at

12 percent. Potassium promotes the movement of water and nutrients between cells. It

also strengthens stems and protects plants from disease. Because the plant is healthier, it

might flower more. After the plant blooms, potassium can improve the quality and size of

any fruit or nuts.

Banana peels are 3.25 percent phosphorus, one of the other major nutrients that

plants need to grow. Phosphorus helps rooting, improves winter hardiness and speeds up

flowering and fruiting. Regards,

 Using goat manure in garden beds can create the optimal growing conditions for

your plants. The naturally dry pellets are not only easy to collect and apply, but are less

messy than many other types of manure. There are endless uses for goat manure. Goat

droppings can be used in nearly any type of garden, including that of flowering plants,

herb, vegetables, and fruit trees. Goat manure can even be composted and used as

mulch.Many of the fruit gardeners has noticed that after using goat manure,falling of

their fruits before maturity (ripen) due to natural calamities like wind, heavy

rainfall,storm etc. has been decreased by 50 %.

One of the most common uses for goat manure is as a fertilizer. Goat manure

fertilizer can help gardeners produce healthier plants and crop yields. Goats not only

produce neater pelletized droppings, but their manure doesn ’t typically attract insects or

burn plants as does manure from cows, buffaloes or horses. Goat manure is virtually

odorless and is beneficial for the soil to maintain its Ph.

This manure contains adequate amounts of the nutrients that plants need for

optimal growth, especially when the goats have bed in stalls. As urine collects in goat

droppings, the manure retains more nitrogen, thus increasing its fertilizing potency.

In 1993, English singer-songwriter Chris Rea released an album called God's

Great Banana Skin , featuring a banana peel on the cover. See alsoBananadine , a

fictional psychoactive substance of banana peels.

1. ^ a b HappiEmaga, T. ; Bindelle, J. ; Agneesens, R. ; Buldgen, A. ; Wathelet, B. ;

Paquot, M., 2011. Ripening influences banana and plantain peels composition and energy

content. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 43 (1): 171-177

2. ^ Onwuka, C. F. I. ;Adetiloye, P. O. ; Afolami, C. A., 1997. Use of household wastes

and crop residues in small ruminant feeding in Nigeria.Small Rumin. Res., 24: 233-237

3. ^ A. Chaparadza, JM Hossenlopp: adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics

of atrazine removal using a banana peel based sorbent. Water Science Technology 65 (5),

2012, pp. 940-947

4. ^ HS Oberoi, PV Vadlani, L. Saida, S. Bansal, JD Hughes: ethanol production from

banana peels using Statistically optimized simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

process. Waste Management 31 (7), 2011, pp. 1576–1584

5. ^ Hai-Yan Sun, Li Juanhua, Pingjuan Zhao, MingPeng: Banana peel. A novel

substrates for cellulase production under solid-state fermentation African Journal of

Biotechnology 10 (77), 2011, pp. 1788

6. ^ V. Vivekanand, P. Dwivedi, N. Pareek, RP Singh: Banana peel: a potential substrates

for laccase production by Aspergillusfumigatus VkJ2.4.5 in solid-state fermentation.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 165 (1), 2011, pp. 204-20

7. ^ "How To Use Banana Peels In Your Garden" .FrugalChicken. 2015-07-05. Retrieved

2015-07-06.

8. ^ F. Kalemelawa, E. Nishihara, T. Endo, Z. Ahmad, R. Yeasmin, MM Tenywa, S.

Yamamoto, "An evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic composting of banana peels treated

with different inoculum for soil nutrient replenishment", Bioresource Technology 126,
 Coconut coir can be used almost anywhere you can use peat moss. So you can use

coir in bedding, gardens, containers, as seed-starters etc. just like peat.Coir is resistant to

bacterial and fungal growth. It provides a whole lot of new opportunities to the potting

mix suppliers, seedling nurseries, Hydro-phonic growers and greenhouse growers.

In horticulture and gardening, coconut coir is a strongly recommended substitute

for Peat moss. Unlike peat moss, it is free of bacterial and fungal spores. As a substitute,

it helps the slowing down of peat extraction from environmentally sensitive swamps

worldwide. Coir also has a very good water retention and suitable aeration facility. It

helps in faster growth of roots in plants.

 METHODOLOGY

Materials

The materials used in the study were:goat manure as well as the collection of

banana peel, tarpaulin, bolo, camera, notebook,meter stick, and ball pen.This study was

take place at the nursery area in WMSU-College of Agriculture, due to the temperature

needed of the crops (Lettuce).

Experimental Design

A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) will be used with five treatments

and four applications; T1- No Application of Fertilizer (control), T2- Composted

Cocopeat, T3-Composted Cocopeat and Banana Peel T4- Composted Cocopeat and Goat

Manure T5- Composted Cocopeat, Banana Peels and Goat Manure.

The treatments are as follows:

T1- Control (no application)

T2- 100% CompostedCocopeat

T3- 50%Composted Cocopeat and25% Banana Peel(2:1)

T4- 50% Composted Cocopeat and25% Goat Manureand 25% Kakawate(2:1:1)

T5- 50% Composted Cocopeat, 25%Composted Banana peel, 25% Composted Goat

Manure. (2:1:1)
Randomization

The different treatments were assigned in the experimental Plots. The process

involved the preparations of identical pieces of paper labelled with the different

treatments.

BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3

T1 T1 T4

T2 T5 T3

T3 T3 T5

T4 T2 T1

T5 T4 T2
Composting

Making compost is not hard or messy. Finished compost is dry and very rich. Set

up the composting device, which in most cases consists of a bin-type structure. Mix the

manure in with other organic materials such asIpil-ipilleaves, kakawate leaves.the

compost moist must be observe and occasionally stirring to mix everything together and

increase airflow, which helps break it down. Depending on its size, this can take weeks or

months. Bear in mind that the smaller the pile, the faster is the decomposition.

Experimental Area Preparations

Field Layout

The area wastaken place at the nursery in theCollege; there was a recommended

size of each treatment by the use of a meter stick to measure the length and width. The

experimental plot was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design by 3m x 4m.

Seed bed preparation

The seedbed should be loose and drained well so it can be moist without staying

soggy. To keep the soil fertile used 1 kilo of vermicast and 1 kilo of garden soil this was

used as a ratio. Since the seed is so small, a well-tilled seedbed is essential. Large clods

will reduce germination. The area to be utilized will be at the shady area and accessible to
water source soil must be pulverized for the growth of the lettuce root. The bed will be

sprinkled with water until it is fully moistened, as the need arises.

Fertilizer Applications

T1- Control (no application) T2- 100% Cocopeat, T3- 50%Composted Cocopeat

and 50% Banana Peel, T4- 25% Composted Banana peeling and 25% kakawate50%

Cocopeat, T5- 50% Cocopeat, 25% Banana Peel and 25% Goat Manure. Basal

application and incorporation will be done on various treatment areas before

transplanting.

Transplanting and maintenance

The seedlings were transplanted after twenty one days of germination and were

planted in a40 cm. inches apart.Continuously Watering the plants were observed in entire

duration.

Weeding control and management

Removal of unwanted plants around the crops was observed in the entire duration

of the study.

Insect pest management

Any variety of lettuce is fairly easy to grow; however, most varieties are

susceptible to insect pest that attack the lettuce and either kill it off completely or do

irreparable damage.
Water Management

Maintenance of the water supply to lettuce will be upon the requirements of the

said crops. Yet, consistencies watering the plants were done throughout in the early

morning and in the late afternoon duration of the study.

Harvesting

You can pick individual leaves, use scissors or a knife to harvest handfuls of baby

lettuce, or grow plants at proper spacing to get large, loose heads. (for consume only).

For market, you can harvest until the leaves of the crops is already matured enough and

well developed.

Composting

After collecting all the substrate needed for composting, the procedures of

composting are as follow;

1. Weigh all substrate depending on the amount of the treatment requirements.

2. Chop the banana peel into small pieces, the weight is depending on the treatment.

3. For piling your based substrate must come first and followed by another substrate.

4. Trichoderma is recommended for easily decompose. Mixed 1 sachet of

trichoderma into 4 liter of water and spread around the composting substrate.
Data gathered;

1. Plant height

The average height of lettuce was collected from the ten representative’s plants by

measuring from based of the tip of the lettuce. (Data was entered in table 1.)

2. Number of leaves

The average number of leaves was collected from the ten representative’s plants

by counting each piece. (Data will be entered in table 2.)

3. Yield per plot

The average weight of crops harvest per plot was entered in table 3.
 LITERATURE CITED

CHANTAL, K., S.XIAOHOU, W.WEIMU AND B.T.IRO ONG’’OR, 2012

. Effects of effective Microorganisms on the yield and Quality of Vegetable

Cabbage Comparative to Nitrogen and P fertilizers, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition
9(11):1039-1042, 2010

PCAARD-DOST, 2012.providing consumers with safe and healthy foods through

Organic Vegetables Production, FARMNEWS, Volume 1, No. 4, Oct,-Dec.2012

1. ^ Brigham and Women's Hospital. "Bone Meal" .Retrieved 22 November 2012.

2. ^ Animal Feed Resources Information System, University of Kentucky, College of

Agriculture, Poultry Extension. "Common Protein Sources for Poultry Diets" .Archived
from the original on 1 December 2012.Retrieved 23 November 2012.

3. ^ a b Card, Adrian; David Whiting; Carl Wilson; Jean Reeders (December 2011).

"Organic Fertilizers" (PDF). Colorado State University Extension . Colorado Master

Gardener Program (CMG Garden Notes): 4. Retrieved 8 October 2014.

4. ^ Chen, L.; J. Helenius; A. Kangus (2009).

"NJF Seminar 422: Meat bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (abstract)"
(PDF).

Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists. 5 (2): 26. Retrieved 23 November 2012.

5. ^ Stern's Introductory Plant Biology .McGraw-Hill. 2011. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-0-07-
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APPENDICES
Table 1.Average height (cm) of Lettuce from planting to harvesting.

REPLICATION
TREATMENTS TOTAL MEAN
I II III

T1- Control (no application)

T2- 100% Cocopeat,

T3- 50%
Composted Cocopeat and 50% Banana
Peel

T4- 50% Composted Banana peeling

25% Cocopeat, 25% Goat Manure
T5-50%Composted,Cocopeat,25%
Composted,Banana,peel,25%Composted
Goat

GRAND TOTAL

GRAND MEAN

CV=
Table 2.Number of leaves from planting to harvesting.

TREATMENTS REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III

T1- Control (no application)

T2- 100% Cocopeat,

T3- 50%
Composted Cocopeat and 50% Banana
Peel

T4- 50% Composted Banana peeling

25% Cocopeat, 25% Goat Manure
T5-50%Composted,Cocopeat,25%
Composted,Banana,peel,25%Composted
Goat

GRAND TOTAL

GRAND MEAN

CV=
Table 3.Average weight of Lettuce from planting to harvesting.

TREATMENTS REPLICATION
TOTAL MEAN
I II III

T1- Control (no application)

T2- 100% Cocopeat,

T3- 50%
Composted Cocopeat and 50% Banana
Peel

T4- 50% Composted Banana peeling

25% Cocopeat, 25% Goat Manure
T5-50%Composted,Cocopeat,25%
Composted,Banana,peel,25%Composted
Goat

GRAND TOTAL

GRAND MEAN

CV=
Appendix Form 1. ORAL EVALUATION APPLICATION

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
San Ramon, Zamboanga City
Please check:

__________ Thesis outline

__________ Occupation internship

Name: FEMIE JHAY F. MAATUBANG

Degree: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

Major: CROP SCIENCE

Thesis outline title: COCOPEAT BASED COMPOST ORGANIC FERTILZER

FOR LETTUCE ( Lactucasativa L. )

Indicates whether: _________________ First, ________________ Second

Date: _________________

Time: _________________

Place: _________________

MEMBERS OF THE EVALUATION COMMITTEE

NAME: SIGNATURE DATE

JERRY PAUL L. CAITUM _____________ __________

Member, evaluation committee

ARVEELYLE T. LAGORA _____________ __________

Member, evaluation committee

JOCELYN P. PEDROSO Ph. D. _____________ __________

Adviser

Approved by:

RAFAEL T. BAGUIO JOCELYN P. PEDROSO Ph. D

Chairman, Agricultural Science Department Dean, College of Agriculture
Appendix Form 2. ORAL EVALUATION REPORT FORM

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
San Ramon, Zamboanga City
Please check:

__________ Thesis outline

__________ Occupation internship

Name: FEMIE JHAY F. MAATUBANG

Degree: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

Major: CROP SCIENCE

Thesis outline title: COCOPEAT BASED COMPOST ORGANIC FERTILZER

FOR LETTUCE ( Lactucasativa L. )

Indicates whether: _________________ First, ________________ Second

Date: _________________

Time: _________________

Place: _________________

MEMBERS OF THE EVALUATION COMMITTEE

NAME: SIGNATURE DATE

JERRY PAUL L. CAITUM _____________ __________

Member, evaluation committee

ARVEELYLE T. LAGORA _____________ __________

Member, evaluation committee

JOCELYN P. PEDROSO Ph. D. _____________ __________

Adviser

Approved by:

RAFAEL T. BAGUIO JOCELYN P. PEDROSO Ph. D

Chairman, Agricultural Science Department Dean, College of Agriculture