INTRAVENOUS INFUSION CONTROL IN CATTLES

VIJAY PAL SINGH

SR. LECT. B.R.CM.C.E.T BAHAL[HARYANA]vijaybrcm@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Intravenous therapy is the infusion of liquid
substances directly into a vein. The infusion rate must be
controlled. If the infusion rate is below or above the
required rate it can be dangerous. Presently the infusion
rate is being controlled manually. But the infusion rate
can also be controlled automatically using the concept of
Fuzzy Logic. To control the infusion rate there are many
parameters to be considered. In this paper two
parameters namely Heart Rate and Weight of cattle to
control the infusion rate are incorporated.
chamber which allows the fluid to flow one drop at
a time [Fig.2.], making it easy to see the flow rate
(and also reducing air bubbles); a long sterile tube
with a clamp to regulate or stop the flow; a
connector to attach to the access device; and
connectors to allow "piggybacking" of another
infusion set onto the same line, e.g., adding a dose
of antibiotics to a continuous fluid drip.

I. INTRODUCTION

Intravenous therapy is the administration of liquid

directly into the vein. It can be intermittent or
continuous; continuous administration is called an
intravenous drip. The word intravenous simply
means "within a vein", but is most commonly used
to refer to IV therapy. Compared with other routes
of administration, the intravenous route is the
fastest way to deliver fluids and medications
throughout the body. Some medications, as well as
blood transfusions and lethal injections, can only Fig.1. Traditional IV Set
be given intravenously.
An intravenous drip is the continuous
infusion of fluids, with or without medications,
through an IV access device. This may be to correct
dehydration and electrolyte imbalance or to deliver
medications.

IV fluids: There are two types of fluids that are

used for intravenous drips; crystalloids and
colloids. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of
mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules.
Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such
as gelatin; blood itself is a colloid.
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid
is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at
0.9% concentration, which is isotonic to blood. A Fig.2. Use of Traditional IV Set
solution of 5% to 20 % dextrose in water is often
used instead if the patient is at risk for having low A rapid infuser can be used if the patient
blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or high sodium. The requires a high flow rate and the IV access device
choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical is of a large enough diameter to accommodate it.
properties of the medications being given. This is either an inflatable cuff placed around the
fluid bag to force the fluid into the patient or a
II. INFUSION EQUIPMENTS similar electrical device that may also heat the fluid
being infused.
In the traditional IV infusion sets [Fig.1.] the drip is
left to flow simply by placing the bag above the III. NEED TO CONTROL INFUSION RATE
level of the patient and using the clamp to regulate
the rate; this is a gravity drip. When fluids are given at a higher rate or in a larger
A standard IV infusion set consists of a volume than the system can absorb or excrete then
pre-filled, sterile container (glass bottle, plastic Fluid Overload Occurs. Possible consequences
bottle or plastic bag) of fluids with an attached drip
include hypertension, heart failure and pulmonary
edema etc.
Hypervolemia (or "Fluid overload") is the
medical condition where there is too much fluid in
the blood.
• This fluid, primarily salt and water, builds up
in various locations in the body and leads to an
increase in weight, swelling in the legs and
arms (peripheral edema), and/or in the
abdomen (ascites).
• Eventually, this fluid enters the air spaces in
the lungs, reduces the amount of oxygen that
can enter the blood, and causes shortness of
breath (dyspnea).
On the other hand if rate of infusion is
very low then it may happen that the requirements
of patient would not be fulfilled in time. Due to this
the condition of patient may be worsen.
IV. CONTROL OF IV INFUSION RATE
USING FUZZY LOGIC
In traditional sets the surgeon controls the infusion
rate using the regulator manually. Now we are
trying to control the infusion rate using fuzzy logic.
There may be many parameters which are to be
considered to control the infusion rate, but
presently we are considering only two parameters
1. Heart Rate
2. Body Weight
If the Heart Rate is low then the
absorption rate is low so the infusion rate must be
low. In the case of body weight if body weight is
low then blood volume in the body is also low so
absorption is also slow and hence infusion rate. We
can give continuous input of Heart Rate by using
ECG.
We are taking heart rate and body weight
as input parameters and Infusion Rate as output
parameter [Fig.3.] Heartbeats Rate is taken in
Beats/Minutes. Weight is taken in Kilograms.
Infusion Rate is taken in ml/Minute.
Fig.3. Input and Output Parameters
We are taking Heart Rate from minimum
45 per minute to maximum 80 per minute. The
whole range is distributed in four levels namely
VERYLOW, LOW, NORLAL and HIGH. The
membership functions are shown in Fig.4.
We are taking Weight from minimum 150
Kg. to maximum 400 Kg. The whole range is
distributed in four levels namely VERYLIGHT,
LIGHT, MODERATE and HEAVY. The
membership functions are shown in Fig.5.
We are taking Infusion Rate from
minimum 12 ml per minute to maximum 36 ml per
minute. The whole range is distributed in four
levels namely LOW, MEDIUMLOW,
MEDIUMHIGH and HIGH. The membership
functions are shown in Fig.6.
In next step we are correlating input
parameters with output parameter by using If-Then
rule. In the rule block [Fig.7.] sixteen rules are
defined.
Fig.4. Membership Functions of Heart Rate
Fig.5. Membership Functions of Weight of Cow
V. RESULTS
We have used software fuzzyTECH Version
5.7.1.7 launched by company INFORM Gmbh. A
sample is taken when Heart beat Rate is 68/minute
and weight is 243 Kg. then infusion rate will be 26
ml/minute [Figure.8.]
The three dimensional graphs of result are
shown in Fig.9. and in Fig.10. In Fig.11. we have
shown full window view.
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this paper we have cosidered two input
parameters and got the graphs showing the required
infusion rate. By using 3D graph we can find out
infusion rate for various input values.
As we have not considered all parameters
so these results are approximate. To get more
precise results we have to consider many more
input parameters.

Fig.10. 3D Graph 2

Fig.6. Membership Functions of Infusion Rate

Fig.7. Rule Block Fig.11. Full Window View

REFERENCES

[1] Ahmad M. Ibrahim; Introduction to

Applied Fuzzy Electronics (2004);
Prentice Hall of India; New Delhi
[2] Timothy J Ross; Fuzzy Logic With
Engineering Applications (1997); McGraw
Hill; New Delhi
Fig.8. Interactive Debug [3] Swenson, MJ and Reece, W.O. (1996). Dukes
Physiology of domestic animals 11th Edn.
Panima Pubishing Corporation, New Delhi

Fig.9. 3D Graph 1