BOILER THEORETICAL QUESTION

1 . Define a boiler and steam generated unit .

 A boiler is a container into which is fed, and by application of heat

, water evaporators continuously into steam .
 A boiler also can define as a closed vessel where water or some
other liquid is heated.

2 . State the use of steam produced by the boiler .

 Economizer used to heat water being fed to the vessel

 Super heaters used for heating steam
 Any pipes and fittings connected

3 . List the primary requirements of steam boiler .

 For generating power in steam turbines.

 In the textile industries for sizing and bleaching .
 For power plant .

4. How are boiler classified ?

 Horizontal, vertical or inclined

 Fire tube and water tube
 Externally fire and internally fire
 Forced calculation and natural calculation
 High preasure and low preasure boiler .
 Stationary and portable .

5 . Give the comparison between ‘fire tube’ and ‘water tube’ boiler .

PARTICULARS FIRE TUBE BOILER WATER TUBE

BOILER
1. Position of water and Hot gases inside the Water inside the
hot gases. tubes and water tubes and hot gases
 outside the tubes. outside the tubes.

2. Made of firing Generally internally Externally fired.

fired.
3. Operating pressure Operating pressure Can work under as
limited to 16 bar. high pressure as
100 bar.
4. Rate of steam Lower Higher
production
5. Suitability Not suitable for Suitable for large
large power plants. power plants.
6. Risk on bursting Involves lesser risk Involves more risk
on explosion due to on bursting due to
lower pressure. high pressure.
7. Floor area For a given power it For given power it
occupies more floor occupies less floor
area. area.
8. Construction Difficult Simple
9. Transportation Difficult Simple
10 Shell diameter Large for same Small for same
. power. power.
11 Chances of explasion Less More
.
12 Treatment of water Not so necessary More necessary
.
13 Accessibility of Various parts not so Various parts are
. various parts easily accessible for more accessible
cleaning,repair and
inspection.
14 Requirement of skill Require less skill for Require more skill
. efficient and and carefull
economic working attention
6 . State the differences between the following boilers .
External Fire
The boiler is known as externally
fired if the fire outside the shell
Forced circulation
In forced circulations type of
boilers , the circulation of water is
done by a pump .
External Fire
The boiler is known as externally
fired if the fire outside the shell
High Pressure
The boiler which produce steam at
pressure of 80 bar and above are
called high preasure boiler .
7 .Enumerate the factor which should considered while selecting a boiler
.
The boiler should :
 Realatively inexpensive
 Easy to clean
 Compact in size
Internal Fire
Internally fired boilers , the furnace
is located insides the boiler shell.
Natural circulation
In natural circulation type of
boilers ,circulations of water in the
boiler takes place due to natural
convection currents produced by
the applications of heat.
Internal Fire
Internally fired boilers , the furnace
is located insides the boiler shell.
Low pressure
The boiler which produced steam
at preasure below of 80 bar are
called low preasure boilers .
  Easy to replace tube
 Well suited for industrial application

8 . Explain with the help of neat diagrams any two of the following
boilers .

 Scotch boiler

 Simple vertical boiler

9 . What is the function of the boiler mounting ? can a boiler work
without mounting ?

 Are defined as devices that are attached directly to the boiler so

that the boiler can be operated safely .
 Without mounting boiler cannot work because cannot operated
safely.

10 . How do accessories differ from mounting ?

 Accessories
~boiler accessories are use to recover energy and mark boiler
function more efficiently
 Mounting
~mounting defined as devices that are attached directly to the
boiler can be operates safely .

11 . Enumerate the various accessories normally used in steam

generating plant .

 Economizer
 Air-preheater
 Super heater

12 .What is the function of safety valve ? state the minimum number of

safety valve to be used on a boiler ?

 Safety valves or pressure safety valves are pressure-release

mechanisms used in pressure vessels, boilers and other systems.
 Two safety valve are fitted to each boiler.
13 . What is a fusible plug and state where it is located in a boiler ?

 To extinguish fire in the event of water level in the boiler shell

falling below a certain specific limit . it’s protect fire tube from
burning when the level of the water fall abnormally low .
 It is installes below water level.

14 . Describes with the help of sketch the construction and working of a

simple vertical boiler ?

The vertical boiler is a simple type which consists of a firebox at the

bottom and a copper barrel with a smoke tube. It typically is used to
drive stationary engines and boats. Firing is accomplished by alcohol or
solid fuel pellets. More sophisticated versions of the vertical boiler
contain many small tubes and are sometimes fired by coal or charcoal.

15 . Why are water tube kept inclined in Babcock and Wilcox boiler ?

 Babcock and Wilcox boiler with longitudinal drum . It consists of a

drum connected to a series of front end and rear and header by
short riser tubes . To these headers are connected a series of
inclined water tube of solid drawn mild steel . The angle of
inclination of the water tubes to the horizontal .
16 . Distinguish between the mounting and accessory fitted in a boiler
.Explain with sketch any two type of the boiler accessories .

 Accessories
~boiler accessories are use to recover energy and mark boiler
function more efficiently
 Mounting
~mounting defined as devices that are attached directly to the
boiler can be operates safely .

~AIR-PREHEATER

 The function of the pre-heatr is to increase the temperature of air

before it enter the furnace . It is generally placed after the
economizer ; so the flue gases pases through the economizer and
then to the air preheated .
~ECONOMIZERS

 An economizer is a device in which the waste heat of the flue gases

is utilized for heating the feed water .

17 . Distinguish between the mounting and accessory fitted in a boiler

.Explain with sketch any two type of the boiler accessories .

18 . Name all mounting and accessories of a steam boiler and describes

an economizer .

Mounting :

 Gauge glass
 Safety and relief valve
 Pressure gauge
 Blow down valve
 Fusible plugs
  Main steam stop valve
 Feed check valve
 Boiler feed water regulator
 Chemical dosing valve

Accessories :

 Economizes
 Air – preheater
 Super heater

Economizers :

~ An economizer is a device in which the waste heat of the flue gases is

utilized for heating the feed water .

19 .What is the function of boiler mounting ? can a boiler work without

mounting ? Explain the sketches any two boiler mounting .

 Are defined as devices that are attached directly to the boiler so

that the boiler can be operated safely .
 Without mounting boiler cannot work because cannot operated
safely.
 SAFETY AND RELIEF VALVE
~ Is mounted to prevent the pressure in the boiler from exceeding
its maximum allowable working pressure.
~Mechanical device use protecting the boiler against overpressure

FUSIBLE PLUG

~To extinguish fire in the event of water level in the boiler shell falling
below a certain specific limit .

~it’s protect fire tube from burning when the level of the water falls
abnormally low.
20 . What do you mean by evaporative of a boiler ? How is it expressed ?
Define and explain equivalent evaporation .

 The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid

state into and carried off in vapour as the evaporation of water of
eather of camphor . the transformation of a portion of a fluid into
vapour in order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state
of greater consistence .
INSANI MEKANIKAL

4 KAEDAH
UTAMA INJAP
DIGERAKAN

ELEKTRIKAL PNEUMETIK