T and L- Shape beam

Design of Concrete Structures

CE-320
Engr. Akhtar Gul Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology
Campus-III Bannu
2 Lecture Topics
 Introduction to T and L shape (flanged section)
 Effective Flange Width (be)
 T-Beam Design/Analysis
 Design Problem

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and
Technology, Campus-III Bannu
3 Introduction to T and L Shape (flanged section)
Beams with T-shaped and L-shaped x-sections are built when concrete beams are
poured monolithically with slabs to form the floors of buildings and the roadways of
bridges
The slab forms the flange of beam, while the part of the beam projected below , forms
the web or stem of the beam
In T-shaped and L-shaped beams the concrete in flange (slab portion) helps to resist
the compressive force.

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Campus-III Bannu
4 Effective Width of Flange (be) as per ACI Code-8.10

T-Shaped Beam L-Shaped Beam

be is minimum of be is minimum of
I. 2(8h𝑓)+bw = 16h𝑓)+bw I. 6h𝑓+bw

II. c/c spacing between two beams II. Clear distance to the next web

III. Span length/4 III. Span length of beam/12

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Campus-III Bannu
5 T-Beam Design/Analysis
Isolated T-Shaped Beam
Dimension of Isolated T-beams, in which the flange is used only for the purpose of
providing additional compressive area, are defined by ACI-code 8.10.2 as given
below:
a. be ≤ 4bw
be

hf
b. hf ≥ bw/2

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Campus-III Bannu
6 T-Beam Design/Analysis
 The basic principles used for the design of rectangular beams are also valid for the flanged beam (T, L
and I- shaped)

 The major difference between rectangular and flanged section is in the calculation of compressive force
in the concrete, when flange portion is in compression

 Depending upon the depth of compression block “a” there are two cases:
1. Compression block confined to flange (a ≤ hf)
2. Compression block extended into web (a > hf)

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Campus-III Bannu
7 T-Beam Design/Analysis
Case. 1 Compression Block Confined to Flange (a ≤ hf)

 When the depth of the compression block “a” is less than or equal to flange thickness “hf” , the beam
can be treated similar to the standard rectangular section.
 The effective flange width “be” of the compression side should be used as beam width in the
analysis/design

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Campus-III Bannu
 T-Beam Design/Analysis
8
Case. 1 Compression Block Confined to Flange (a ≤ hf)
From the equilibrium of horizontal forces:
T=C
As 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85 𝑓𝑐′ abe
As 𝑓𝑦
a= ------------(1)
0.85 𝑓𝑐′ be

Taking moment about the center of compression

block
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑇 ∗(d - 2)
𝑎
ϕ𝑀𝑛 = ϕ𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (d - 2) ---------(2)

𝐴𝑠
ρs = 𝑏 𝑑
𝑤
𝑓𝑐′ Ɛ𝑢 𝑓𝑐′ Ɛ 200
ρb = 0.85β1 𝑓 (Ɛ +Ɛ ) , ρ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85β1 𝑓 (Ɛ +uƐ ) and ρ𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 3 𝑓𝑐′ /fy ≥ 𝑓𝑦
𝑦 𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 u t

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Campus-III Bannu
9 T-Beam Design/Analysis
Problem
The roof of a hall has 5 inches thick slab, supported on beams having simple span of 20
feet. Beams are spaced 10 feet on centers and have been cast monolithically with slab.
Overall depth of beam being 24 inches and width of beam being 14 inches. Calculate the
steel reinforcement area for the beam for a total factored load of 1000 lb/ft over length
of beam. Check the given x-section of beam as per the ACI-code.
The concrete 28-days compressive strength is 3 ksi and the yield strength of steel is 40
ksi.

Engr. Akhtar Gul Asstt. Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Campus-III Bannu