21st Century FOLK TALES made up of stories about life, adventure love, horror

and humor where the one can derive lessons about life.
LITERATURE history social beliefs, culture-litera means 'letters' Example: THE MOON AND THE SUN

S-ignificant THE EPIC AGE long narrative poems

H-uman  BIDASARI- moro epic
E-experience  BIAG NI LAM ANG -ilokano epic
 MARAGTAS -visayan epic
21st CENTURY LITERATURE  HARAYA- visayan epic
-new literacy works created within the last decade  LAGDA- visayan epic
-imaginative writing  HARI SA BUKID- visayan epic
-deals with current themes and reflects technology culture
-often breaks traditional writing FOLK SONGS are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that
-traces artistic representation of shared and familiar experience. emerged in the pre Spanish period (12syllables)
 kundiman
*ILLUSTRATED NOVELS story through text and illustrated images
 Kuomintang o tagumpay
*DIGI FICTION it is a literary experience that combines three media
 ang dalit o imno
book, movie/video and internet website
 ang oyagi o hele
*GRAPHIC NOVELS narrative in comic book format
*FORMAT it is used in the English speaking world as a generic term  diona
for all comic books and graphics novels originally publish in Japan  soliraning
*DOODLE FICTION a literary presentation where the author  talindaw
incorporates doodle drawings and hand written graphics in place of
traditional font OTHER FORUMS OF PRE SPANISH POETRY
*CHECK LIT genre of fiction which addresses issues of modern  EPIGRAMS (SALAWIKAIN) -----
womanhood, often humorously And lightheartedly  RIDDLES (BUGTONG O PALAISIPAN) one or more
*FLASH FICTION a style of fictional literature of extreme brevity measured line
*SPECULATIVE FICTION dystopian, supernatural fiction , weird  CHANT (BULONG) used in witchcraft or enchantment
fiction, superhero fiction, apocalyptic/post apocalyptic fantastical  MAXIMS are rhyming couplets with verses of 5,6 or 8
fiction, sci fiction syllables
*SPOKEN POETRY oral art that focuses on the aesthetic of word  SAYING (KASABIHAN) often used in teasing or to comment
play and intonation and voice inflection on a persons actuations
 SAWIKAIN (SAYING WITH NO HIDDEN MEANING)-----
LEGENDS origin of a things, place, location or name
Example: THE ORIGIN OF THE TAGALOG
THE SPANISH PERIOD 1 CONTEMPORARY is a literature with its setting generally often
A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE world war || it include contemporary romance. It is a subgenre of
due to the lang period of colonizatin og the Philippines by the romance novels, generally with the setting after ww ||. The largest of
Spaniards the romance novel subgenres contemporary romance novels are set
B. THE FIRST BOOK ------------ in the fime when they are were written
ANG DOCTORINA CRISTINA (THE CHISTIAN DOCTINE) first book
printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography PRE SPANISH/PRE COLONIAL PERIOD religion and secular
NUETRA SEÑORA DEL ROSARIO second book printed in the -old tales and short story
Philippines was written by Fr. Bianca de San Jose in 1906 -Filipino literature
LIBRO DE LOS CUASTRO POSTPRIMERAS DE HOMBRE -oral literature
(SPANISH AND TAGALOG) first book printed in typography
AND BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT biblical story printed in the SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD 1565- 1898
Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de -liberalism
borja -Christianity
THE DUNG AW chant in free verse by a bereaved person
THE AWIT AND THE CORRIDO some use these two ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD -propaganda (freedom)/ revolution
interchangeably
AMERICAN PERIOD news, poetry, novels
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE -Filipino/spanish were use
-Help us grow both personally and intellectually -we became secular
-links us with the world in which we are a part
-transcending from go and beyond JAPANESE PERIOD no freedom of speech
-help us encourage and develop -dark period
-sharpen our sense of moral judgement -haiku (reverse), tanaga (measured)
-stimulates our imagination and ingenuity (cleverness)
-it shows significant POST WAR PERIOD Philippine writing became popular
-use to see the bandage of the world
-it relieves history CONTEMPORARY PERIOD proliferation
-reminds that we are life being -mass media
-internet
LITERATURE term use to describe written material
-beautiful expression FICTION created by imagination not present as fact
-eternally burning flame -based on a true story or situation
-it reflect on the political oppression, economical inequality, social -types of literature
injustices, and emotional inhibition/ worries -genre include the novels
-NOLI ME TANGERE (touch me not)
-FLORANTE AT LAURA- Francisco balagtas

NON FICTION is content (something, in the form of study)whose
creator, In good faith, assume responsibility
-presented either objectively or subjectively
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
SIMILE a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with
another thing of a different kind used to make a description more
emphatic or vivid
METAPHOR a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied
to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
PERSONIFICATION the attribution of a person nature or human
characteristic to something non human or the representation of an
abstract quality in human form
METONOMY the substitution of the name of an abstract or adjunct
for that of the thing meant for examples or suit for business executive
or the track for Horace horsing
IMAGE in the use of figurative language to represent objects, events,
actions, or ideas in a way that is physically appealing
METER is the basis rhythmic structures of a line in poetry
ALLUSION refers to another textual work learning the reader to
figure out the connection between the current work and the work
being reffered to
EXPANSION refers to the possibility of image to go beyond what
they normally mean, to extend or grow in meaning so that they are
not merely literal but become figurate
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE is when the words or phrases used go
beyond their literal meaning and convey a different set of meaning to
the readerse
DRAMATIC SITUATION is the combination of setting, characters
and action in a poem which is suppose to engaged the reader
PERSONA is the speaker on letter of the poem, rarely the poet
himself or herself
ALLEGORY refers to symbolic representation about human
existence
CANNON refers to the collection of works determined by a society to
have significant value and importance
PERSONIFICATION is a figure of speech where a non human object
is given humana quality
TROPE the creative use of language mostly found in literature
SIMILE is the creative use of language mostly found in literature
TENOR is the parr of the metaphor that is the object passed the
attributed characteristics
THEME general idea often about human experience which in the end
it want to share with the audience
SOLIRANIN songs for travelers
KUMINTANG song for war
MALUWAY for collective labor
KUNDIMAN for live and courtship
PAMAMANHIKAN the bridegroom's to his bride as he ask for her
hand in marriage
NEGATIVE CAPACITY the capacity to be face to face with certainly
and not to grapple with what that uncertainty could mean
FIGURES OF SPEECH/ FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
SIMILE indirect comparison of two things using 'like" or 'as'
METAPHOR direct comparison between two objects
PERSONIFICATION attribution of human qualities to a things
HYPERBOLE exaggeration
ALLITERATION repetition of the first consonant of neighboring
words
ALLUSION use of person, place or things as references
ONOMATOPOEIA use of words that mimic sounds
MIL (MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY)! NOTES!
COMMUNICATION the act of process of using words, sounds, sign
or behavior to express or exchange information or to express your
ideas, thoughts, feeling ect., to someone else
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
 SOURCE
 ENCODING
 TRANSMITTING
 CHANNEL
 DECODING
 RECIEVET
 FEEDBACK
 NOISE
NOTE! Meron po nyan sa oral comm! Nandun po ang ibig sabihin!
Hindi na po kailangang ipaliwanag kasi matatalakay nyo po muna
yan sa oral comm dahil 1st sem sya, ito po ay pang 2nd sem pa! Ang
pinagkaiba lang po nila ang sa oral comm ay BARRIER samantalang
dito ay NOISE!
PUBLICITY MODEL communication as display and attention
RECEPTION MODEL encoding/decoding model of communication
by STUART HALL (1993)
MEDIA communication tools
INFORMATION data, knowledge derive from study, experience, or
instruction signal or symbol
-knowledge of specific events or situation
LITERACY the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create and
communicate with
MEDIA LITERACY the ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and
produce communication in a variety of media forms
INFORMATION LITERACY the ability to recognize when information
is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate
information in its various formats
TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL) LITERACY the ability to use digital
technology communication tools or network to locate, evaluate, use
and create information
LOGICAL FALLACIES ability to recognized fallacies thinking
TYPES OF FALLACIES
AD HOMINEN attacking your opponents character or personal traits
instead of engaging with their argument
STRAWMAN misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier
to attack
LOADED QUESTION asking a question that has an assumption
BEGGING THE QUESTION a circular argument in which the
conclusion ----- (putol po iyan! Sorry na agad!)
BLACK OR WHITE where the two alternative states are presented
SLIPPERY SLOPE asserting that if we allow A to happen, then Z
consequently happened
BURDEN OF PROOF saying that the burden of proof lies not with
the person making claim.
COMPISITION/DIVISION assuming thats what true about one part of
something
BANDWAGON appealing to popularity or the fact that many people
do something aa a attempyed from of vadiation
PRE INDUSTRIAL AGE (BEFORE 1700's) people discovered fire,
developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with
stone, bronze, copper and iron.
EXAMPLE: cave painting 35000BC, clay tablets in mesopotamia
2400BC, papyrus in Egypt 2500BC
INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700's- 1930's) people used the power of
steam developed machine, tools, established iron production
EXAMPLE: printing press for mass production, newspaper,
typewriter, telegraph, punch cards.
ELECTRONIC AGE (1930's-1980's) the invention of transistor
EXAMPLE: transistor radio, mainframe computer, television, EDSA
& UNIVAC, personal computer
INFORMATION AGE (1900's-2000's) the internet paved the way for
faster communication
EXAMPLE: web browser, YouTube, blog, skype, social network,
smart phone
ROLE AND FUNCTION OF MEDIA
CHANNEL provide opportunities for people to communicate
RESOURCE CENTER acts as a gateway of information, for the
society
WATCHDOG ROLE OF JOURNALISM exposes corrupt of the
government and the private sectors
DATA that has been collected, processed in a usable form
-a broad term that can cover process data
STAGES/ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION
-identifying/recognising information needs
-determining sources of information
-citing or searching for information
-analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
-organizing, storing and archiving information
-using information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way
-creating and communicating new knowledge
NOTE! Para madali nyong matandaan, IDCAOUC stand for I-
dentifying D-determining C-iting A-nalyzing O-rganizing U-sing and
C-reating
ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION
PLAGIARISM using other people words and ideas without clearly
acknowledging the source of the information
COMMON KNOWLEDGE facts that can be found in numerous
places and one likely to be widen known
INTERPRETATION you must document facts that are not generally
known.
QUOTATION using someone's word directly, when you use a direct
quote
PARAPHRASE using someone's ideas, but rephrasing them in your
own words
STRATEGIES IN AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
-submit your own work for publication
-put quotation mark around everything that comes directly from the
text and cite the source
-paraphrase, but be sure that you are not simply reading
FUNDAMENTALS ELEMENTS OF MEDIA LITERACY
-an awareness of the impact of media
-an understanding of the process of mass communication
-strategies for analyzing and discussing media message
-an understanding of media content as a text that provides insight
into our culture and our lives
-the ability of enjoy, understand, and appreciate media content
-an understanding of the ethical and moral obligations of media
practitioners
-critical thinking skills enabling that development of independent
judgements about media content
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDIA
 PRINT
 BROADCAST MEDIA
 FILM/CINEMA
 VIDEO GAMES
 NEW MEDIA
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE is the local knowledge, that is unique
INDIGENOUS MEDIA owned controlled and managed by indigenous
people in order for them to develop and produce culturally
appropriate information
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA
-oral tradition of communication
-store information in memories
-informatoon exchange is face to face
-information are contain within the border of the community
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA  Point of view
-oral tradition of communication  Selective views
-store information in memories  Arc shots
-informatoon exchange is face to face
-information are contain within the border of the community CAMERA ANGLES
 Eye level
GENRE comes from the French word meaning 'type' or 'class'  High angle
-can be recognize by its common set of distinguishing.  Low angle
CODES are system of signs, which create meaning  Bird'eye angle
CONVENTIONS are the generally accepted ways of doing
 Worm eye angle
something.
 Slanted
TYPES OF CODES
SYMBOLIC CODES show what is beneath the surface of what we
 TECHNICAL
see (objects, settings, body, language, clothing, color etc.)
 SYMBOLIC WRITTEN CODES use of language style and textual layouts
 WRITTEN (headlines, caption)

TECHNICAL CODES ways In which equipment is used to tell the 8293 Is the republic act of intellectual property code
story (camera, techniques)
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) refers to creation of mind
BASIC CAMERA MOVEMENT
 pan (left/right) TYPES OF IP
 tilt (up/down) COPY RIGHT a legal term to describe the rights
PATENT an exclusive right granted for an invention
TECHNICAL CODES CAMERA TECHNIQUES TRADEMARK a sign capable of distinguishing the goods of service
BASIC CAMERA TECHNIQUES of one interprise
 Extreme wide shot INDUSTRIAL DESIGN constitute the ornamental or aesthetic aspect
 Wide shot GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND APPELLATION OF ORIGIN
 Medium shot signs used on good that have a specific geographical origin
 Medium close up
 Close up FAIR USE means you can use copyrighted material without a licence
 Extreme close up only for certain purpose
ADVANCE CAMERA  COMMENTARY
 Two shot  CRITISM
 Cut away  REPORTING
 Over the shoulder  RESEARCH
 TEACHING
DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP is the norms of appreciate, responsible ibang term na Pede sa word na yun! Para masabi na may pinaltan
technology use sya!)
NETIQUETTE set of rules for behaving properly online THE LABOR OF LAZINESS take time to paraphrase most of the
paper from other sources (Alam nyo na yan from the word
THE CORE RULES OF NETIQUETTE paraphrase palang! Di na kailangan pang ipaliwanag!)
 remember the human THE SELF STEALER (yun laang di nakaabot kaya di ko nasulat!
 adhere to the same standard of behavior online that you Sorry na agad!)
follow in real life
 know where you are in cyberspace THE SOURCE CITED
 respect other peoples times and bandwidths THE FORGOTTEN FOOTNOTE inaccurate information
 make yourself look good online MISINFORMER (sorry di ko din nasulat eh! Pero ang example nyan
 share expert knowledge ay si pichollo yung nahaba ang ilong ba?)
 help keep flame wars under control TOO PERFECT PARAPHRASE reglets to put in quotation
THE RESOURCEFUL CITER the paper almost on original work
 respect other people privacy
THE PERFECT CRIME paraphrase other arguments from those
 don't abuse your power
sources without citation
 be forgiving of other people mistakes.
CYBERCRIME the use of computer as an instrument to further
DIGITAL FOOTPRINTS is a trail of data you create while using the
illegal ends
internet
CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012 (republic ACT OF
PLAGIARISM the act of using another person word
10175)
SOURCES NET CITED
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERAL INDIVIDUAL
THE GHOST WRITER the writer turns in another work, word for
 improved quality life
word, as his or her own (yan po yung mga nakukuhang information
 greater political participation
sa mga internet, na Hindi naglalagay ng credits sa author)
THE PHOTOCOPY the writer copies significant portions of text  better economic opportunities
straight from a single source (yan po yung mga mahilig magpaxerox  improved learning environment
dyan! Na Hindi inaalam kung sino ang nagpublish nun! Xerox lang  more cohesive social units
ng xerox!)
THE POTLUCK PAPER the writer copies from several sources,
tweaking the sentences to make them to fit together (dito naman
yung nagsacite ng isang information sa ibat ibang sources!
Pinaghahalo ang mga sentence upang makabuo ng paragraph!)
THE POOR DISGUISE the writer has altered the papers appearance
slightly by changing key (dito naman yung pinapaltan lang nila yung
isang word na ganon din naman ang meaning! Naghahanap lang ng
PHILOSOPHY -ideal society
-2 times champion in Olympian
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? -Si plato ay maraming napilayan
|Formal definition of philosophy|
ARISTOTLE
-Philos/philen+sophia
-philos/philen= to love or to desire -student ni Plato
-"A long walk to the Golden Mean"
-sophia=wisdom
Hence, -Petiphatetic---(mahilig maglakad, ex. Jesus)
Philosophy means "love of wisdom" -golden mean happiness
A philosopher is a "lover of wisdom" -sinabi niya kung ano ang resulta ng ideal society
-lumayo siya sa Athens
THINGS TO CONSIDER IN THE FORMAL DEFINITION
 Philosophy is a science because it is a unique realm for
investigating things.
 Philosophy is not an exclusive science
 Philosophy investigates things inside and outside of the
phenomena
 Philosophy uses the mind by necessity.

KEYWORDS IN PHILOSOPHY
√love/desire/want
√search/pursuit/investigate
√knowledge/wisdom/understanding
√value/meaning/essence
√life/living/existence

THE BIG 3 IN GREEK PHILOSOPHY

SOCRATES- "athens" street-corner philosopher
-His mother is a midwife and his father is sculptor
-Warrior (siya ay nagtuturo ng socratic teaching method)
--Pagtuturo sa mga estudyante ng pagquestion sa politika

PLATO- "The philosopher who would be king"

-aristocles
-He is a wrestler
-he has a broad shoulder
-aristocrat- (mayaman, kilala, mapera)