Me WitLiAMs, N (20-77) PEVHHANALITIC Diagnosis, 2 ation, NY The Guviewme PREss io Paranoid Personalities Ms of haves cee mental image of a paranoid pcson andsecogoie there hen is poeayed etal Peter Slee itn perlrmance nthe case movie Door Sageloe fr example res the nrpcoumnen, momarkney tad grainy that se {Sitar chords many of ts who hare paranoid quran, wh ‘eeogniste come labraion of the paranoid teak we cn sl God {marl Kestying le flpra paral! pesetaons requis 2 ‘tore died semble. The cence of paranidpesonaly og ton ete ab of desing wh oe’ fe negate gua by ‘how and projecting them the downed abuts then el ie {hcl cas The pete proce mayor mayne cempased Sysconssoutyssiomaie ese ofl Teg nl pay ne may jeg serous dsrtance mens heath, yer ar wth ter dear ‘st nfo personaly this type of ogseaton xn on conan eer om porto sormal feo, B11 Mesum, 1378. Spiro 1865) Av withthe pessoal type in the preceding chaps the defense tht defines pana may dre from time before thc Ir ly shot nee yen extra even, hte self nd oet setts confesed, ara etnicaly aes experencing wba Savi nr ote ce ray brie he” pot opi arr chan ache” ont, but somone ca have apc rote tay level fee tena dent nerton,reaiy tx ing and objet laos ‘The tse hased dexrpions of paranoid personaly dsr jo DDSMIV are fom a clnicun perspective rater sper, tthe Imani saccuratein noting thar our owed of hi personality ype faa belied. A para pron har obi ly spel ere or she seks fo brought fr) pjcholeses! hl In conc ees, bse, or marsh peopl, for example baer foe rand indians tend to ave pyehoberapy less thy re emotional pan oar eaung nana ic to eer case thy are aor apne totus srngers paranod people are sls itl volter tobe esach es People with aormallee paranoid character often ck ot pis ‘aloe, where thei diporsion to oppose treet forces they Sven or tenening can ind veady expression Reports and ste have oftespotayea Die Cheney a asso, b ven they ae hit als they have dom guesoned his capa 0 cope eiescouin {he world, Achebe endo the contnaum, some srl murderers ho [ale thi vice ot of he consi tht the vine mee yng to murder them exempify the destroctvents of jection gone mad that ‘paranoia operating witou the moderting ec of move mature fo procene and wtboxe 5 slid grounding a fait, Several eae ‘Setriour murders eo have ad paral bas Twsot to enpbasite gat se didn Chapter that acibusons of paranoia should ot be mae onthe ass ofa never bel that 2 peso seckng help is wong abou the danger be othe in. Soe People who look paranoid are serly bing sale oe persed Ey memibers of cul they have ey or exampe or by = ejected lover ofa diated relate (Some people who ee diagoorby praochd ‘Sch etal igen ia fate oftpaing gales af any raid people make tbem natural magnet for mien) Somme role who are ot charscrlogzaly paranoid bso tempera 0 Im praniageni suations tat te hurling ad etesppg. When Inerviewne fr dagaosie purposes, an shold at jet out ad ‘he posi thatthe ineviwee ie egimatey ghee, hat ‘howe who ar urging him ore to sek therapy havea personal sake ‘aking the cet look cacy (Contrasting some india who are in ftps do ot ppeae tobe. Nonparanoid associates in thee socal proup—and the interviewer fe that mateay share thei beau the das clei ene oe ois eon cp goae tshares porogropber, the mea the gontioments Ptinchy, "arst~tever nen ath obtacte fo the eamph af good sd Ima therfore fat devo that ter something intra peo {nd deen abou Bir preecepstion (Cameron 1859) I Conessna lar owes fathom he prs char of eis Srecney, one of his pig inte student moves of the 1960s Sidhe un who Ine seusinared im in che gp of aon, be ‘Rie hane Enon beer shan a beane away tat as ieee ‘rlewully sede sd he might be alle e D. Hari 1980) Buc Lomenscin and Sweeney had shou belts about what socal evi ate confosation, ad whee Lowen were no pias ro itn Smee ere : “Tee wea people whote perceptions sara out be prescient, ‘who ate nevetblse para. Howard Hughes ha 2 consuming Tovod the consguences of tome tesing in Nevada at ine when fw then weve conened with ace contamination of the eovronmert. ‘Years, pb ell rated y radiation became lene he ok [iris ray. But the sventual vindeton of he pi of ew donot take his popcology ls prs he vets of hs ese speak for Ticonent a thick hivowa projections were the source of his fering [haben Hack 1992) Mais ringing up all hse posses (hours the importane of talking infred, elective dgaos o ‘Sens intesd of stomata prin asumpons-—especial wiles ‘thse ssc uals may make cher aed to warm op. DRIVE, AFFECT, AND TEMPERAMENT IN PARANOIA eae thy se the sures ft fing cui tenses anid perl in sb neared rang ely ro be more a= ‘soli tan wo ever They each sual han ey tured deren see hey have Been Ben ll ‘Ether peenpsomeste dacs expeced deat em. The seer renin ale of mony frend people have prompted ‘pktittos ha one conse # peso ppc ie eh {Gesell gues unable festand to eso that igh eee Patvenn tnrpy wold be had for young vo manage "tet a ooo raed cnc ofl ad th the mga ‘Spun aces beepers, dermaing iit or oer ‘Eine techy ene tor our te pear. There otfocbern mac eet se ting arto to empress NAI9 Nice manald ental oe connecting ith 30 ‘ther mmpamatc sale taney erly, sonata, im festa sd pie moe and with ema eran sneqont perce “Kcanch urn peogle suger ony with ane ese sen acc and hr sl hone eling hy 0 So Peels Rean 217 fer oeringy from fa. Tomkins e196) regarded the paranoid stance at 4 combination of lear spd shtne. The downward lee eye movements commen in prsaed people he “sity guaty that ven aonprofesonals nce! ate ysl a compro hereeen the horizontal let diction spect the aft f pre fae andthe Stsgh- down decion of uncontaminated same (Tokina personal ‘ommunication, 1972), Een the most grandiose pana pron les With the error haem from others ed ones each tha tae (os wih ertrene me, nals ve long elered tthe kind of ear aur by pare oi clients ¢“anmiilaton ane” (Harvich 2003) ha he roe tfaling apart being destoye, disappearing fom the earth. Anyone ‘who bas expesened ti elf dread ows how tesiying it The {esearch of Jake Pankseyp (1998 ino mammalian fect has ened ‘hi ind of ansey as pr of te FEAR syste that evolved etlon- fy wo cope wits te possaley of predation, Pay eillseniaes ‘cfm atachmentepararin asi tht Belongs newbs to ‘he PANIC sytem ad mete by seetnin, Paced anenty tends ott be qld by serotonin respake inhibin, but sted spon Sve to benzoanpie, lebol, ad ther “downer” dra which ey Bey pend pats on sg Hh sone re chen Rs for shame, that affect i agent menace o paranoid people 10 marcus ne, bt paranoid pope expen the dange i fren. Nave indidualy, even azogant coe, ler cnsions Feling of shame hey fel nrased. Ther neg go soto ingest thers so th the devalued sl will nt be expored. Paranoid peopl, comtstingy, may use denial and projec o powell tat ovens of same resins accessible within he sl The ene o the eranoi person ate teeore pet on fling che ers of hoe who re szen tbo on shaming and muting then. Peple wih arc Uc charac srocttes ate fad of eealing thr inadegsnci hore wich paranoid personales ae alan of ober people malercence ‘This foc onthe ssumed moves of ater rte han on wat fap ening internally canbe x says expernced with peanol pate ‘ante a ormiable nal to hey. ‘Also like arise peopl, panos odvuae are walneal ‘0 evs Unlike them, they handle poet The doe of ger and nensy they have (© manage may acount for some ofthe ference, Recta ad eal, sometimes fdelsional report’, Ankenes lve There tude maybe recy porte coi tn that ote at ot wo gee me because a the thing abot me that ‘hey ene moet, they ae anlary to he deni and potionfoe fects end ipa, a when a paranoid hashand,olvous {ois own normal frases of nil, becomes convinced he wile bangerouy arrcted vo other men. regs vole the nd of Jenouy fs an unconscious yeering for cloease wih » pron ofthe Same see, Besse mc looping may he unconously conned Wilh trace Romosevuaity (Karon, 1889), which can fight beeen ‘ales, the wishes are abhor and dene. These des for ene om ‘mathe resurlace athe conviction hat iy for expe ne i ‘cen athe than ons who want be mor itinate wih» eal ale fend. inal paranoid people re profeandy burdened with gui» ing that my be anacknowedged snd projected nthe wae ay thet ss, Some reasons forthe dep Sense of badnest lb auger helow, along wth ways of eying to seheve i thespetalye The tnbenrble burden of nconuour pik anther fear oft 3) ology that mes pranrd cts 0 had to hep Tey en for that when the rapist ray gee co know than, be oe she wil te shocked by ll hie sins and depravity sod wl fp oe pus them fo tht rims. They are croicly warding of ts tion, cansfrag ay sae of culpability tthe self to dang tha threaten from ote They unconsciously expect ob ound ty snd they rasform this fea it constant, exhausting first der te "re ellntet bein soyone ce eos var tem, DEFENSIVE AND ADAPTIVE PROCESSES IN PARANOIA Projection, and dssvowa of what projet dominate the psychology fof the pacanod person. Depending the pats ee sgt eye of stess, the paranod proces may be at oy, borden, tor neuro lee Let me fst eve tone desea In nhl ‘hor person, upetng parts ofthe lf ar projected and al bie tobe "ourthee” no mer how crn the pots may sec a (The paranoid shizophen who bees that homoscneal Bale ian apt ave poisoned is water proecting hs aren, is sh for same-sex dase, hi edincenris, and hs fase of Powe “He does na id waysof makings bls with conventional tons cf eal he maybe gute convinced hae the ony one inthe Wold ‘those the those ‘Because reality testing i not st in people a bondi lee of peony organization paranoid pant inthe berdetine ap fctin sch away sha the on wham downed stds se projected $e subuy provoked vo fe thweattoges, This projecine Went Pra Pte 28 tio: The person esto gt rif een eng, yt reas emp ‘hy with them and ees essere the self that they oe pte Te dein acaoid pron works fo make what eee "A he {Ste Ths the woman who daowss er bed tnd nr ennunen po hertheaps nan anagnie manner tase can el ae ete Plt jenou of he ecomplihens comers ade na yates ‘ht are einerpeed byte chet cece of emy.deoes wees ‘© undermine and cont, and soon he snp, worn down hy becg steadily mindestood sharing he pate and nnn her recom ‘ent he splen Gears, 195, Tan emarable pce eenentose Piss, whe do norchoseourpraetion npg tha tenures Fatal ora eng owned those ne hope to ap scr ‘he general ivleance among may metal bath pofesonal ard ‘eth borden and pana pate {Inpatanoi peopl she eure nernalisesarepoeted ‘petal poate way. That ithe pee projects yet hn See being part ofthe elf tat cre be cpus the oer ‘ofa tclable ratinship of acknowledging the extrnlzed comets ‘ofthe mind ne proeton People hos ieee, dese ‘hemchesas paranoid ar often inthis eacpry though rds sa ychot: paranoid cess may sometimes woy sear setog {thw she hey Know the jrgon bt hou ny relia spe ‘Station tha thers conse projections Thaw one of my pats ‘esting beter when became io annoueig tha he was hag fa tse that wa crtcal ven though coun fd ay erin ny teal atide. Sensitive tothe pore pain of th int potion, {sid smething ie, Wel, te tink shoe wheter hte soe ayn hich Ima ae bn cea ad erp, "Ca yo, eines jet let be yen pari A ake and bealthy bu charctesopcaly paranoid cent of nine was subject pound fs has {wold sl Kim aut thes ‘eof my need ook pod w okt: fs proksiona inthe come ky mho knew bch af sweet ei i me, he way sae at {wold somehow cone agrees (Meanwhile, when he Ek hore im, bekad no ectance wo complaosbost men ap that made se ffm collegues gute cecal of my terme oe} Eren before ‘ea ale o understand thi fr a he poeton of hs ower -annecr Seily hated—eeds for acrpane sod sdaton, ls te proecion dating ut of defect, he we wing to cone tat mig Be ang one somthing tha i ar deere “Te ned of te paranoid peso to bande pata ings eo iecvely ems she use of am unurl degre of denial and Ce ‘late, reaction formation Al ft prot, ned the univerpostion toward projevion he bss foe tanfres, tbe proces thor makes sale teapy poral. Bot praold peopl on the omen of ich tres ue 0 dnvow uperting atods that tee it's mle dierent procs rom projec operations n whch dei Sogo ime rn 210) aed or pc ea of rch vary bythe soccesive ancomour operation of reaction Termaon (1 ds lore yous he your) and pesos donate ouryou heme" in hs mulation the paral penons {ever expenecingtormal loving clings, prey Bcase pot [achneat rehtooshipe were tox. Fread thought sme sex bang ‘fo procul implied paraot, bu my own experience Sa {ot Gc any Hd of longing ls unberaly Sageoas to + parton Pe eudsparadigm shows al one of seca posible routs by which 1 parma prion may cere sts pocholopl place ey far fom the orginal more humarlycompshennble asader dha inte tbe rand rss olan 960) Karon 199) sma the ways Fohch sdlaonalprtnd pom an bande wie for samesex moa nt cal TMs we tepid ae oe him, ene he ooo” juheitemirtintie ees aia sie chmmcaninartioniatace ‘Aen sigan day in working with paranoid peopleconceros in lng and convoluted ithe dintance bexwern tr base fect so thee dane banding of them [RELATIONAL PATTERNS IN PARANOID PSYCHOLOGY lina expense apg tha hlden who grow up paranoid have ‘offered sree inst to th sense of cacy hey hae repeat fk nespoweed and hamilited (Mackinnon eal, 2006 Tomkins 1963; ‘Wi et The father of Dani Pa Schreber, om whose eeprt of 2 partooid pcos Freud (911) extracted theory of paral wa fepovelydamnetsingpatriach who advocated, aod sted his ‘on adoring, adaoue psc eines intended Yo rouphen up chi ren Niedeand, 195). Then Schucer sulle hamition y autos ‘she had wasted ad by the legal temo ies (Lathan, 1992, Cesc, exprisout punishment, ade who caaor be pleased, nd ater motieation are conten inthe backgrounds of prance ‘rope Those who rear children who become pra slo feqemly ‘each by example A child may obser suspic, coadempatory ati {des in parents who emphaze—paradoncals nview oft suse {nies andthe object Kinder wrk of hol snd conan ‘hat family members ar he nly peopl oe can rs. Patani people Inthe bordeine and poychovie ranges may come fom homes where ‘tit and sdicale dominated familial rstonships, on whee oe hil tbe four sue of prania,ws the capegnatthe target of the fimly members hated and projecied abate, expecially thoe in the gree etegory of “weakness” In my experince, hoe the ea ‘otctahealey range tnt come fom fries o whith wat ad Sbiiy were combined with easing snd sarear ‘Atober source of paranoid personaly opaizaton i nmanage shle ance ins primary avegier& parsnld pata of mine ese from a fly in which the mother was so chroiclyneross that she ook shermor of water with her everywhere she wee fe dey mouth) and described ber body as having "arsd ito a coment sk from accumlted tein, Whenever ber dnghter woud ome to et ‘with problem, she mother would ether deny, besa he oud fo beat any additonal woe, or xeastroptize about bce she old or eantin her snaey. The mother was confed abe the line terme fantasy and beta ad bene cnveyed oes cid that ‘ght egusled deed The douse othe mesge tat ber eve Seling, where vigor hata, ad dangeows powe. ot camp, when once a andl ny ptien he mother that tn reston tlhe ahaa arbirrines the al challenged ty hot ‘other ia contended she as misreading him: He wat + vod as Sandy and she mos be ingsinganyehing objectionable coming fom im When my patent persed wth An aust he argument he moter urged he toe az, a he mig beat her po aban bert porated ee heel had been bateted ad then deed by het cba And when my patie weat onto vent ange at how he ha Acted ke was beget ehink soe rmehing is thither negating ‘hourhts would pot make things wose. An adolescent pro‘oype for thitmeracton wa be ling fee mater of her ater effort to oles he The mother manage och iat hat bad ot happened ado hme one daughters sexual. "This welleaning hat very atrbed mother, who had had no comfort asa youngster, was incapable of comforting. fa her dagerfocmaive years her ans soaked aie and ie predions com founded the gi ary chen tho grew up bing able cone ef ot by drs wansormsins of er felis, Whc 1 bass bkng wh ft teh ted scm seer hcp who had bee Wel yheriSemlsned seen hs Al of hw ha se hcras paranoid incor the pct or weve borden Feteipact crept sonst ithe peeing me oem eset desc a nes had fen al her Hey ame oly Sermay Joao ey “Gee can dtc ne preceding example of dred ata repairer difletete sedn paranoia Fas both easy and {Epmons srmalemarnal actions mere dobre, asl ihe fer and sme rate than seme of bens wndrstood. Second isd ropa wore mold Thi, imtve omer fm Seeedatced lying te lotion ora fis nd overieln ‘Been Fol tc treo reated ado ager while sling ee ae onal ire th agniing the patient’ onton ect cigs and penton stuaron Ut, in which a eras as ben hep le a hin eae seen a unappesitne rsa of aang eings, dango) eG abe mst some re {elt more apsonsed os ogy Boruc a ection may Be Set cer ncmprebenble oer Deca th asin ary ae psig tl. Send adling amsactons pc elite scented inthe ado cons af ran! people Tei ineralied objects Kee “dining bth th penn pron and those o whom he ose sce a chit primary sure of Knowledge 4 career who Sopp confsed and piney defended, who-inderprt tongs ERY Sie or imports —sses wor ott exes west lg Seto manip te hl sobeqen hn rons anno be (iu seugl ote parsnl penon to understand whe Meth going om (D Spi, 1965) 5 comprehensible tis ih ie hcederment,plses and exsangement hat bee poe tetlng nth parol eens seaitnees, and eae, The moder snety woo he oly inflenex on this woman's myshare Hchchad had any sgt caer apble of ets cone) way, er sna wea rot ere Senlobed a pronold Greco. Bat beter port akaodoing Seek te ws am lds nage es tgeny ete SSA fod resp of foun Te enency a paral ic eh ont eer han ene the ait of pase ag ‘Bete minveatnent (Tih you Before uk menos wal {Moa aed anfrranne cst ft ind of parting yes 1963 “he presence ofa tihng part and the absence of people {lope ld pote tenon lig erp by akg em, Sire action many ep wove sca ted ail ing goon for reams acim &t ects oft retain roma ies of power tee deny tae ou, praond pope hae some gua a common With frcloptic ncaa el diferece hin the cpacy ove Even though they maybe tefl by thi own depend eed a ‘wacked wth snp shut the essa newton foe ny are abot param indiua arcapae of deep atachinest nd po tracted lop. However pear or napropsate ter childhood ‘Stop wae praoi bens ppt poh ality ad omen intrest Salt atc se sso Stet Thee apcy to lve wht makes erpy posible Spall their hpereaciy, anagem, nd or, THE PARANOID SELF “Thema playin he lbeprsinions of paranoid pope isan impel, ad pd igs of ht ven ao ttn vinden, mye de. Aton eves ae om ages Sue th sapere won Crd nthe poston alos toy sk Are anid ah ene he lary, wie the lng eng hte neva el Sipollogcal powcr ching gk on “The wen side ofthis play vide in the dere of fae rh which pram pope ronal re Thoy neve a false {ad send tort energy scanning the enone for angers ‘Thegrandione side edt nthe eso eres Everyting ‘bacbappns bes soncting tod with hem pesonly Thi tims shvsat im parhon ier paanon, sass which 3 pata Beles, sp that eo ke the sonal ego anneal spying or setvng cone eseges Gai TV commas beat 2E fren endo he won Bar havea esd highachevig, Calpine unos shoot wither at th somo sii wna ora amie hem inideoaiysch css on dS come os permed in Intake elie sitcom tein so ony airless, tke emergence othe organning ccm tha evrything at hep Deno them seks heptane tes pope hp“The meeslomania of paranid people, wheter uscooscons = covet busdene them wih uieaate git Fam motes, chen all Tina of evil things ase fl The intimate conection berween fu and paranoia can be inate comprehended by any of who Fine fl culate and then word about being exposed and punished, owe hat he one of ny stadt ae ening a pape, he or ‘Me avids me miesve pose sf he al thing ony mia hat “rumguesion and my planed reba. woman Twas reaing who Mrs having am cxcumartalffseepovted wih amusement hat wile The sen ade with er lover helding heads inthe ea, he scl Dine che shead and pulled her band away “When an unberile ae sdeied nd projected che conse quences canbe gree A connetion beeen paranoia and darowed ‘Rmoreseal peeccopaton as been noted or some sine by clinica {gs Searcy 191) tad wat confemed by some empire sade es ‘renzo, 1964) several dads ag, More rece Adams, Wright and the 996 dda rie of erent a chowed that he more aman ters roused by Romoventl imager the more homophobic be este Pron peopl, even the minoy of them who hae aceon hao ot eins ay eg the es of ares rtaction a upset {Srbege tha eaclyinaginbl othe onparani. To ay a0 Tesian eos who find hard tose why ther sul eretaton i Pred ats threatening, the homophobia of some patent! groups (erly menacing "Rete bie rump of Nason demonstte (and Nazim aged ey peone mentally deabled pops snd he Roma, 5 welsh ew parol wens ae eared by «whole ele or sabe the Tow rife poses aie, Stlet fhe eof Naim i Ga, be Rode, 1980, Fern, 1961 Toate is poyhologcal orgs 8 theme Finds of venta lies have found inthe childhoods of furl addons Te casing hamiion of Germany in Won ‘far andthe segue pone measures thet crested ungway in ‘ho starvation ad any wth itl exonsvenes fom the term ‘onl communi, lad the prosndwork for the appeal af a paano Tenet and the onpanizd paranoia tats Nazim xa desrgion of thera parania in ecent Ameren pls, see Welch, 2008) "Ate coe of the slfexpennce f paranoid people x profound evn satin and nod for what Sallam (193) cle "conse Sul vtdotot from a “chur” or wha Bnjmin (1988) er called “eegnion? The main way in whic paraned people to enhance ‘heise though exering elletve power against autores othe peopl of toportance. Experiences of vindication and ism ie them scleving hough Hetng sense bot sae and moral te Thiel iment rennin es ‘he ned to calege and dfs the pensetory pater, Some eole th pani prasle rvsedeverd sericea icine of oper So and miateanen, een tir postion to bat wast fey and vindete underdogs beeps thm on te baie ar one than ker mel meining soil sti wow paycodyaams donot ‘Sad poet hem aie brnou. ‘TRANSFERENCE AND COUNTERTRANSFERENCE, (WITH PARANOID PATIENTS. “Tranfrece in most paranoid patients ial ins, and fen aes ties Occonalythetheapit the resp pejected sor imager far more commonly he oe abe Soa a8 potently dsconing sad hating Prana ene approach pretaopcal easton wes th expectation thatthe nerve of fel sapeion by exposing theicbadaesy ox preing some slr agenda tat has nothing to do tri thi weleing. They tend to rk icine a grim, umole, nd poised o cris. They may Be he eyes rene 0 the hee pit hatha ben called he “paranoid tare” ‘Not surpesingly,tervewers respond witha sens ofvlperbiiey and geeral defensiveness Cooertraafrnce usual eer anions hess in theese common instanceof beng regarded a aor, Fina be benevolent grendhon, In ay cue the therapies weal) fae of etrong rections in conta othe ten uber ounterra ferences thet vine with narcnistc and scizod pate. Beeuse of ‘he combination of denial so projection hat conse paranaa ca Ing the epudined parts of thes oe extade, berate of pa ‘oi patent fen Sad hese consciously Tesing the spect a0 ‘Snot eaton tht the see bas exe fer coscoatnes. For ‘xampl the pent maybe all of boty, whetes te thera fee ‘he fear asin which the ori defen: O he pate ma el "alert sad ellen, the ther fs sai and pomertl ecu ofthe wight ofthese ermal action inte capt ah the extent which they Bay oa see peso the depres ser Inthe paranoid cents ring to mange rere a counters ‘nce tendeny inmost therapy ue tbe pin sah about thence natce of whacer danger te pate bebeve be oe she trim Mow of wr ho have practi for an Tegth of tie ave had at teat on cleat who seme tobe eying oa for essuraace 25d ye, ‘pun receing iy bcarecnvinged hat we wet partf the comprey toners him or er froma tere hres. The therapist's powerlessnessto gi much immediate lp 0 «person who isso wohappy and sic ols probably the cnet and not nimiating bce to estblh- {age ing ol easonhip het coneenual ofr ree ‘THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE DIAGNOSIS (OF PARANOID PERSONALITY “The fc challenge a herp faces with a parasol patie creating Sell working allance Athoughsabishing sock elatnship a ‘Stay land seine: calenging) forthe Socessfal tesent any ‘Siew spartan soprtaonn work wh paranoid people Beate toc eifahy ting A beginning stodene of mine, asked aboot fis plan for working with ery paranon woman, commented “Fist Ti fresco rst he, Then Il work on anectenss sl” Wrong, ‘hen prontd prea uta the rps any years may hae pune sed the teats ha oes huge soecs, Bute student a Tein one sense There hast be some nia embrace by the cent of {he pus tht the theaprlieteoned and competent. This ‘the not onl considerable febesrance fom de therapist takes some ‘Spout fr comfreiking abut henge ranaerence and cone Septet dees of bared and ssp med at thc 5 Trexprted The therapists unuredscoptance of tense hoslity fener the pect scue of ett from seabtion, ges far tht Tied desroy an exmpis how pet ofthe ve thar he pte bas eptded ae re simly ordinary human aii Thos seton wil be longer than in ober hapers Because cine work wh uranic dies estoy om staal” ppc Unajucpctce Although it hasis common the goal of understanding Sribcdeepes evel rng into concours the unknown aspects of ‘ictal snd promoting te toe thoronghpoing poole scepanc of tres full una, sccmpishes thes ends ferent Por example, ‘teejreetn ton sefce dpb rally spose wah pare foil cen beens 20 many raeal tassfrmations of hi orga [elings te preceded rman reoscapatons, Aman who ons fersopprs tm someone of his gende, wo as uncnscioesy mead thor jenn ext dice, dened that, pote en 0 someone ‘de, oplace a besome overwblnewh fers that hi wi ESspmaar wth sfondi not hve eal concern addres {feheheapn spl scourge into sci Fey fo thee thew nba. “hougning restance Before contet” can be smiley lf ‘Commenting on scons or atone rade bys paeoeid cet only sakes that cet el jad srtizl ike a abort einen {Plame 1990) Analyt of te defen of dial nd projetion ee ‘only move Byonine eso the same defence. The conentonal ‘Specs of payounaytetechnigue—sch a9 explo ater than ‘irig enn npg opr o's fet ‘hay be expening a Uncnstouto wield feding calling tention {Stlips snd so fetes Sige ones pttt acct tne tal materials suppor thee courage atk ore opel boat {Grensn, 1967) With pean peopl, sch ects Boomer. the standard ways of png cles open upc ol ure cao ‘lon ofs pasnod seein how canon ee? Fisonccancallonasnsof hor Many of my eches died gaia ong wth paranoid pes they fe ease nd idee ‘Riscaniont waraned bat oersoese ut che heros mtaling 2m tule ofseltmockey smsement at thew iaonles, and Sthernonbliting forms of wi Homorsindapensablen therapy per ap copecaly with paranoid eilemr~becae oes are cme-bonded ‘vay to dchageapzesson se. Nothing eves bth paint and ‘Reais more tan pimocs ogi behind he gloomy ericond hat ‘srounds spared pron. The be way fo tthe age formosa Ewionmet of humoc i lngh atone owe ables, petensionn, and Snakes Paral peopl mis nothing po deft tbe theap sae froth crn And of ine ce to have pred the “noe ‘wm apes eto the conduct of ryote, bat woud bet [yacht een coul ot fol goed pred” “The woman whose hor 1 Sstbed ari in this cape has eve fed ote ny ywsing 0 mates how noble my fc ‘eacted ternal confonatane abou eh mich apooget d Sons that ake ad found me ota, and wih whining py sbowe to being abl coger atay wth anyhing tn ber psec Thi Kad tf ect, ber than the bet, ore expbaton of wat Bet flay was when sh hough Iter ung, hes eepncl car wort together Neral oe and eyo aplogie iones wi mi take foc rc, bar he estat work wt Byes pies Init be conducted in an amospbere of opesive trios seems {Sime unnerariy fy ad somewhat atoning Espey fers ‘eae alse as ben abled, meting hat ty ake morn Cryer ido tenga efoto make eipoent anes p> Sten, ome pt pra eto. ule Ns 1969, wo had tf working wah ten ches, ces the folowing inventions One ate wa coined ahs lane mol rach wie route {2a ern acasonn Ere Hens set eee enremake “Do yo hk God ito mele tHe wld sci the vet haned ether pop sty opts” "Ais ch semper of young woman. dele song po ety Slr ret ig hich she “colulyenprte ot on custanig ump hrwathetie {ioe beers war ming hi etal weapon abn aS ‘Si coi ht she nl be earojed bra bona so he seed (Growtay. rest yo alia of tnd Goober the aed me Bod thn hed she nese, "OF cane non eel {Eval Tare ta oe tesa sad Ta naa Terese god setntht hew te and ober wtp oom te) Hamme (1990), who sess the importance of indict, feng tresel sharing nshs wth paramo patents, comment eal Tngfoke ara ay essere the dawbcks of projection ‘Amun gorse ghar hws a brow anos inking ‘ew be fend sextet ha vor Ase aa ln. how des concerning la Sega gw hn be heheh ‘Won er nr in yh ee ve he oa ae en terns and ed spent tthe oa he aa she, Yow wc jousoe do wsh ou dnt wersover hoe”) Humor, opel lignes lngh ones probably eherapeic nha othe pene it epesents eg "eal ate than lying role tha pocsuing sett ae pln. The biznes of paranoid people may iso bert fbi uteri thatthe therapt dietemosional oven come sr tvclaton abot how peplecaa late to each oh ‘Wat soe reservations cted boo, haiag to do with taining Clear boundaries I ecnoend being qte forthcoming with paanonl ‘Sens: Tht meine responding thet questions honesty acer than ‘vahhollnganewes ad estigting te thoughts end the ng, Imy expen that when she manent content of paranoid pons Concern respect addraned, be or se becomes more ates than Ie wiling look a eaten cones represented int “Second ont can “poder” sdestp" or "do anendrun around” depending on one's favored metaphor the complex paranoid defense nd inthe alice spit wich has been erected, Inthe ease of ‘herman consumed with uations shout hi wie posse Bey, tne could be hl by ommensing on how land and unsupported he Sent fc etsstarng ese how fata paranoid ene Sappeat {fhe therapies ef cure, venga tempeations econ» conolied defense occ, and then engees empath cally with the aowred, poet figs rr which the ngry pre ‘upton orginally sprang. Often the est eto the fing being defended agains is one's countertansference, paranoid people ae usefully imagined ws ataly rojcting thelr unacknowledged aides physically nto the hers Finan cn the pate nan onrdentig ighcoun, powefl ras and the drape fs reakigly threatened ad tips may Be ‘eel seming forthe cent oe tld “1 know that wha ou in touch wih ir bow angry you ar, bu I ses tae in aon to tht lhee, you're colag with pofouad lenge fee sod bese” ren {ove wrongs the chen bers tha the thrapie watt unde stand wha is ean ch severe use. Third one can tequety help pets sring from an increase in paranoid reactions by iefying wat has happened in hei eet experienc to upset them. uch rg often vole separation hl Kerstared schol frend ha moved saya pen bar an answer Teter alle, or paraoxsaly-sccess Uares are hamliating: {ces ivan ening ond fear of enous atc, One of iy patents rend to go on long pate cad, daring which Ian ual Sgure out what he is eacung to only afte 20 of 30 mites IFT asddously avid conronng bi pastond operations and atest ‘comment on ow he may be underestimating how bothered be i by Something that he mentioned in pasing hs parnoia tends if with ‘ut any analysis of tat process a all Edacting peopl to nate thee ‘ste of arora ad to lok fr tigger often preempt the prod ‘poces algae Aad Ihave found tnt epiphone ce tap ito Undying get aod bear eae wites othe cea’ pui, paranoia ‘ne should wevlly avoid dts confrontation ofthe coment of 2 poral es. Peaooid people ae actly prepie boat emotion Sodarade where they ge mined ops on he eve of inerpectstion ‘he meaning ofthese manieseations (Josephs 8 Jose, 1986 Mei er 1974;D, Shapiro, 1965, Salles, 195), When oe challenges thie inergreratons, they teed t lieve tat one i eling them they are ary fr baving aren what they str ater thar sopasting tha hoy ive mixconsred is implitons, Hence, thought tempi oe aeratvestrpreasions, ion doy his too rei te patient leks died, paraged and robbed of the state petepion that ‘malted the paranoa ntepetation. ‘When aren chen ave enough to aokostrigh whether the linician ages ith ho ec undereseaing of someting the thers Dstcam flr oer nterpetive possi with sale eae, [Fteamice hy you hoaphethe man nended et you of brakeposs shat he had «Ske with is boss and would have Been ‘Eine a mani no mae who wat onthe oud") Note chat the therapist chs example bas ao subetued a more Beevlent oie {or the paranoid pont elfseferetl ne ["petbaps he wat ser {ng to sold hisng an anal) brent parapod people think ne ‘Sieyng to pet op intentions that they know are based, they wl ero anos, Not slo that she commen sade inthe tome of trowaay ln so on she pet can eter oe ela With panna! patents one shoud avoid asking chem eo explicly accep eth reps das, Fom ther perspective, aceptance ay equ ‘Ealing thro sb econ may inate etabuon. Tourn oe can make repented dtacions been thoughts and sxion holding pte mothnoas eae as examples ofthe emark= is adminis, centne prveriy of man maar The teapsc ‘ape to fel waren bowl, red stand sma esha Str tandems witht sting them oot Bel the patie eo reace [Euro an our-ocomvol vd cae Lid Siverman (988) steed the fpnerl one of ging buyond iterpreaion of ebngs and fms ‘She commend ha oe ey them,» pti important “imenson of work with pars people, Sometines wibout thi aspect ‘frac, pte othe es ete purpose of therapy i get thom w expose such fing and be hued rt el them pose therele ofthe, ter thao embrace them gether spat he ‘iman condon "When my oder daughie wae about 3, nursery schoolteacher ‘omulgred he ie that virtoe involer "aking good thought and [sing good eedo This roubled er She was reeved when T com meme chs I ngeed wh bar teacher and fa tat cing bad ‘howell of an epeily wher ne can do good dees inspite Urthore houses Fx mote fewer expecially when sb was 6 Sttto abuse er fan ose doe weld gets michevou onpeon oo fer face a announe, “in doing good deeds and thinking very bad thous! Although she wat a mach giker tdythan a person with 1 Hite of confusion abou fray ad realy what ws ying Teach hs ithe sane menage that healing paranoid hes, "ith one must iyperatene to boundaries Wheres one might somctnes en's book sr spontancury dmize a new hairs with “oer Kind of pain so bance ef ith compiion when “ated wth a prancid peso. Paranoid cen are perpetually Wor fd eh the therapist ou of ol and se then for some end Uneed thse uyhologst neds. Even thse who develo intensely Using nfence asi hte wanes ieship oth the therapie—prhaps speci thes ene —may reac with econ if fone atin wy ha seams uncharactrstcalysel-extending Consistency i eal 2 parame peton’s ease of scary, Inconsency stipulates fates tat wither ave foo mach power. ‘Exactly wha he ined therapists Boundaries ae eg Dow missed festons or phone cleo the therpits home are ane) ates ese ‘ha How rill they ate serve Is much mae tberapeute for « [araoid pean co ge ad give sont the lai ofthe lationship ‘han to worry sha the sherap can arully be seceded ‘ut of hor her usomary sance, While # sping Sevision that {pesks forthe thrspistceiagcas igh 2 spark of hope for adeprsive Festn, roy ignites lao ans in paren patente ‘On htop | should ston the rik of peeaoerte ease care soos in rtd cen, Samesex therapies tay hae fo be ‘Sten owe crf profesional than oppose sex ones, am account of therrulneratley of many paranoid people to bonosetal pani, but toch may ind theses siden he tare of am intense seared ing or rg The combaaton of exe pclae! depistion snd cops onfston affection with sex, thous With acto, aise Sr oumade) often podiceseotzed misundertandings and fers The tie herapin cn do it estore the herapeati frame trate the uur, normale eh lng bind the ero, aod iferte tween howe fing and the Behavioral mts that make peyote sy pone Fina iis ric sha one corey book personal strength end nesuroci frankness to partcid lens, Because they ares fall thorle snd aggressine sings 80 confsed about where thous leave off and actions begin, and oo ole wih feings of deste te omnipotent prenst wore ina they tlasonship that thei enone posse wl neo estoy the herp. They need to Koow tare person esting ther stronger han thei ote Smmetine what matters ore than what sn Tos pars pesca ith condo orcrighy nd fealty the heap les the 5 cxperence of wet ing porno people as opposed ote mac agers hein sow the crigin of paramo proces hare sts especie, tac and patience (Ae, 16, Fromm: Reichmann, 1950; Horr 1990; Karon, 1985 MacKinnon et 2006; Seas, 1965), Some, ene Chall hore who have worked wit poyehotic cleave ecommended Ising the pain iw of resin arr wo creat enough =e "on hate pate cam tat shedding che atoll eonstatons hattherapi and ele now sem share (Lindner, 1985; Spi, 196, Moat wrt, however fed one can convey respect the len ew ‘oft wold whoo going that ft. icra of ncacaingsnsviy os and hea tin posse wo uea person patent withowt some debates, erie, {Perici wil be adeno a mons Reicbse, 2010) a5 the cheat tates what Sula (953) called "mslevolenerasformacions” and Teal experince the trp dangerous or coxup,Sometines ‘Bethtrpy ork sens ike sm eden eerie in damage cnt Inthe ‘ort ran oor has tolerate a reacted ein of standing lone snee penicwi pranld ppchlopes ae norincined a caf, by vert ‘ktowledemen or le sppresiation, ony exertions inthe veri of derending bot» devred, rexsonsly humble hoes peattioner Eom make a adal diffeence over the Yeas witha paranoid peo, oll ad benentall he ent age ad inignacon a dep wel of sich od tad DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS “The diagnosis of paranoid peeonaliy strocrare i usally cay to make, ‘acpi ed previo in sane 0 which ese sigh fone Tn and ping to oe th exten of hi ober paranoia hidden fom, {Beteriewcr As wih schicld chon steaton to the postin of Dc rose ns anf paramo patent warranted Paranoid versus Psychopath Personality le Chops 7 commented onthe dilfeesial importance of gi ene nami in tbe spective preheloges of paranoid and ano Etpeope should alo tention love If peso person feels hat Sou and eo she hae bi alas, nd that you can be counted upon hdres, hee vcully ao iit 0 the lyse an peersy of ‘hich te peony be capble. Prjecie process are common 8 nes ele but whee prchonrbrarefandamewaly nematic, paranoid peopl dep abject elated. Te main heat mgt [fecha paraon people ot kf fling for tens but rather ‘apenas of berayal afc, hey are capable cca ols ltion- SERSPSt yearn whe they eel wronged. Bena they connect shone onthe basso smlar oral eases and bees el hat They and shir lve objets ae und in an appreciation of what good digs ay psec fling by he person with whom they ae “Heidel ie fa the el tht ste rained by bani ing the oflendng object: But history of aborted reinships ic not the ne thing a2 ality eo ore Paranoid versus Obsessive Persoalty CObsnine peopl share wth pranoi inva sensi 10 sues tjsce and almighty ad dns around the “softer emotions, ‘Tpreecopton wih ue of cota a vulneabilyto shame nd 3 Sancho for igncon indigntion, They alo ste eal and may Stunden eg pear because ftir aon on int Fr ther obsessional pop nthe proces of decompersatiog into peychous RSP geadaly rom atonal sbeesons ito paranoid dsion. Many pose hae both paano and obsessional etre Toons in these especie diagnose eatporis dif, however, sn the of homiaon nthe bois and semstinties the bse. ve person tra of being controlled bu ks the paramos persons {exc py! bat and emotional moreation. Obese patents rcs key to sry to cooperte wh the lecvewer deste thet ‘ppontional ales, and tesapis wocting with chet do no sl: (Re degree of tney that paranud poets fue. Standard psycho lp tecnigue usualy iol bse cen ape esctons {o convenional cline apd istesetations i a patent one hat Teleed to be obsessional ay be tbe Bt ig tbat his or es paranoid ‘uals predominate Paranoid versus Dissolve Poychology ‘Many people wth dissociative density dade have an ake personal iy ot casts he prana for he petsonaiy sytem and may ipress ‘ineviewec a epsentae of he whole person, case cmon iinesemone i inlet nthe loge of both paranoia dix ‘Deaton the coerce in nd peple ofthese process som thon: tn Chap 15 tse the diagno of soci dares thor ‘only coough tat wl be cleat how to dcrimiat a indivi Sth pad personaly fom a vac person witha paranokl Thee penalty or paranod tendencies SUMMARY 1 have deeribed he manifes and ate ales of people whose pr Sonsliesae predominantly paral, sessing thi rlance on poe ‘on, Pose elogieal vars isade innate agpesivens et‘ably, and consequences ofa shame, ary and glk ‘Sendcd the oe of formas experiences of threat, hin, nd ofc proces nthe family sen and ara de, conta {ony messages nce development this ype of personality organize tom tod decibel the pranoi peton nese el aerate Fetes vals an oar destrore, wih ance pe fcsupatonstesulking om a care agit in enty and self ees, nal daca the ines ofrakerence and countrteatseeoee cee, peril hoe swelhing rage Trscomended thr therspss of paranoid patents demonstrate 3 oad numenedacepnneof sland an smoed appreciation of human {bibles work wth ster and procs rather tha defense and conten ‘Senay specie preptants of symramaie ape, avoilig fon ‘Sons on paranoid nrpetations of experenes dings betwee [ude and actions; reserve boundaves; and convey atades of eon Porte autbenchyy and respec. Rally 1 ified people ith Pretinanly arsed papel Irom thowe mith prcbopatc, Besse, and dsociive spe of personaly organization. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING “Te mow comprehensive ook on paranoia nay be Manes The Pos: toad Prone 1978, Bat, Shape’ (1965) chaps onthe pao {ile beer een, shores and liner Mach een psychoanalytic ‘wiing on paranoia hr aed socal jstce tars or commented ‘n polis phenomena, paranoia is etal othe procs by which ‘rou achieve cobeson by expoting fear f other gaoups. The oroal Fichoanayi Rev ecey devoted am nereting sme (201, vl. Sa oe op, a whic have ames