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Crim. Law I Syllabus
Crim. Law I Syllabus
Crim. Law I Syllabus
A. Definition
1. Sources
Constitution (1987), Art. II, Sec. 5
Constitution (1987), Art VI, Sec. 1
Cases:
2. Limitations
Constitution (1987), Art. III, Secs. 1 14(1)
1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure, Rule 115
Civil Code, Art. 2
Cases:
3. Penological objectives
A.F. Tadiar Philosophy of a Penal Code 52 Phil
LJ 165 (1977).
C. Basic Principles
Cases:
US v. Sweet, 1 Phil 18 (1901)
Liang v. People, 355 SCRA 125
2. Principle of Territoriality
RPC, Art. 2
Constitution (1987), Art. 1
VFA, Art. V
Cases:
US v. Ah Sing, 36 Phil 978 (1917)
Miquiabas v. Commanding General,
80 Phil 262 (1948)
3. Prospective Application
RPC, Arts. 21, 22
Civil Code, Art. 4
Case:
Gumabon v. Director of Prisons, 37
SCRA 420 (1971)
Cases:
Bernardo v. People, 123 SCRA 365
(1983)
People v. Pimentel, 288 SCRA 542
(1998)
Case:
People v. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, 30
October 2006
Pascual v. Board of Examiners, 28
SCRA 344 (1969)
D. General Provisions
RPC, Art. 1, 2
II. FELONIES
A. HOW COMMITTED
1. Dolo
RPC, Art. 3
a. Elements
b. Presumption of Criminal Intent
c. General and specific intent
d. Intent and motive
2
Cases:
Manuel v. People, 476 SCRA 461
(2005)
People v. Delos Santos, 403 SCRA153
(2003)
Guiyab v. People, 473 SCRA 533
(2005)
People v. Temblor, 161 SCRA 623
(1988)
People v. Hassan, 157 SCRA 261
(1988)
e. Mistake of Fact
Cases:
US v. Ah Chong, 15 Phil 488 (1910)
People v. Oanis, 74 Phil 257 (1943)
2. Culpa
RPC, Arts 3, 365
a. Elements
b. Distinguished from dolo
Case:
Ivler vs. Hon. Modesto-San Pedro
(G.R. No. 172716, Nov. 17, 2010)
People v. Buan, 22 SCRA 1383 (1968)
Case:
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan 369 SCRA
394 (2001)
Cases:
Padilla v. Dizon, 158 SCRA 127 (1988)
Padilla v. Court of Appeals, 269 SCRA
402 (1997)
3
C. PUNISHABLE CONDUCT
Case:
People v. Cabareño, 349 SCRA 297
(2001)
People v. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751
(1988)
2. Ommission
RPC, Arts. 116, 137, 208, 223,234,275
Pres. Dec. Nos. 953, 1153
Cases:
US v. Bautista, 6 Phil. 581 (1906)
People vs. Vengco, 127 SCRA 242
(1984)
People v. Valdez, 159 SCRA 153
(1988)
People v. Escober, 157 SCRA 541
(1988)
People v. Elijorde, 306 SCRA 188
(1999)
Li v. People, 427 SCRA 217 (2004)
4. Attempt
RPC, Art. 6
Cases:
People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil 703
(1935)
People v. Dio, 130 SCRA 151 (1984)
People v. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51
(1989)
People v. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433,
March 30, 2000
Rivera v. People, 480 SCRA 188 (2006)
Velasco v. People, 483 SCRA 649
(2006)
Baleros v. People, 483 SCRA 10 (2006)
5. Frustration
4
RPC, Art. 6
Cases:
People v. Erinia, 50 Phil. 998 (1927)
People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 (1990)
People vs. Listerio
6. Consummation
RPC. Art. 6
Cases:
US v. Adiao, 38 Phil 754 (1955)
People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil 980
(1925)
Valenzuela vs. People, GR No. 160188
(June 21, 2007)
D. Classification of Felonies
1. Grave
2. Less Grave
3. Light Felonies
RPC, Art. 9
RPC, Art. 7
4. R.A. 10951 Section 1 amending RPC Art. 9
A. How incurred
1. Commission of felony
2. Wrongful act different from what was intended
3. Impossible crimes
RPC, Art. 4
Cases:
Urbano v. IAC, 157 SCRA 1 (1998)
Intod v. CA, 215 SCRA 52 (1992)
1. Justifying circumstances
RPC, Art. 11
5
SELF-DEFENSE, DEFENSE OF RELATIVES AND
STRANGERS, DEFENSE OF PROPERTY, DEFENSE OF
REPUTATION
Cases:
People v. Rubiso, 399 SCRA 267
People v. Enfectana, 381 SCRA 359
(2002)
People v. Genosa 419 SCRA 537
(2004)
See R.A. 9262 Section 3, Section 26
People v. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389
(1983)
People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA
180 (1974)
People v. Alconga, 78 Phil 366 (1947)
People v. Sumicad, 56 Phil. 643 (1932)
People v. Luague, 62 Phil 504 (1935)
People v. Dela Cruz, 61 Phil 344
( 1935)
People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil 174 (1946)
US v. Bumanglang, 14 Phil 644 (1909)
Cases:
Cases;
People v. Beronilla, 96 Phil 566 (1955)
Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA
332 (1997)
6
2. Exempting Circumstances
RPC, Art. 12
Cases:
In Re: M’Naghten, 8 Eng. Rep. 718
(reserve section Library)
People vs. Tabugoca, 285 SCRA 312
(1998)
People v. Madarang. 332 SCRA 99
(2000)
People v. Bonoan; 64 Phil 87 (1937)
People v. Taneo, 58 Phil 255 (1933)
People v. Formigones, 87 Phil 658
(1950)
MINORITY
RPC, Art. 80
RA 9344 Sections 6 & 58
Pres. Dec. No. 603, Arts. 189 at seq.
Rule on Commitment of Children (A.M. No. 02-1-
19-SC)
Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with Law (A.M. No. 02-
1-18-SC)
Cases:
People v. Doquena, 68 Phil 580 (1939)
Llave v. People 488 SCRA 376 (2006)
ACCIDENT
7
INSUPERABLE OR LAWFUL CAUSES
3. Mitigating Cirumstances
RPC, Art. 13
INCOMPLETE JUSTIFICATION/EXEMPTION
UNDER 18 OR OVER 70 YEARS OF AGE
NO INTENTION TO COMMIT SO GRAVE A WRONG
Cases:
People v. Court of Appeals and
Tangan, 352 SCRA 599 (2001)
People v. Ural, 56 SCRA 138 (1974)
People v. Amit, 32 SCRA 95 (1970)
People v. Regato, 127 SCRA 287
(1984)
PASSION OR OBFUSCATION
8
VOLUNTARY SURRENDER
Cases:
People v. Basite, 412 SCRA 558 (2003)
People v. Quimson, 427 SCRA 261
(2004)
People v. Pinca, 318 SCRA 270 (1999)
People v. Amaguin, 229 SCRA 166
(1994)
People v. Dulos, 237 SCRA 141 (1994)
PLEA OF GUILT
PHYSICAL DEFECTS
ILLNESS
4. Aggravating Circumstances
RPC, Art. 14
Cases:
People v. Villamor, 373 SCRA 254
(2002)
People v. Capalac, 117 SCRA 874
(1982)
People v. Gapasin, 231 SCRA 728
(1994)
9
People v. Montinola, 360 SCRA 631
(2001)
Mari v. Court of Appeals, 332 SCRA
475 (2000)
People v. Rodil, 109 SCRA 308 (1981)
People v. Daniel, 86 SCRA 511 (1978
People v. Banez, 301 SCRA 248 (1999)
People v. Lapaz, 171 SCRA 539 (1989)
Cases:
People v. Silva, 387 SCRA 77
(2002)
People v. Librando, 335 SCRA
232
People v. Jose, supra
People v. Desalisa, 229 SCRA 35
(1994)
ON OCCASION OF A CALAMITY
AID OR ARMED MEN OR MEANS TO ENSURE
IMPUNITY
RECIDIVISM
RPC, Art. 160
Case:
People v. Dacillo, 427 SCRA 528
People v. Molina, 336 SCRA 400
(2000)
REITERACION OR HABITUALITY
RPC, Arts. 62 (5), 160
10
Case:
People v. Cajara, 341 SCRA 192
(2000)
People v. Gaorana, 289 SCRA
652 (1998)
People v. Villapando, 178 SCRA
341 (1989)
11
TREACHERY
IGNOMINY
UNLAWFUL ENTRY
SPECIAL AGGRAVATING
CIRCUMSTANCE/QUALIFYING
RPC, Art. 266-B
Case:
People v. Balgos, 323 SCRA 372
(2000)
` 5. Alternative Circumstances
12
RPC, Art. 15
RELATIONSHIP
Case:
People v. Marcos, 349 SCRA 537
(2001)
People v. Atop, 286 SCRA 157
(1998)
INTOXICATION
People v. Marquita, 327 SCRA 41
(2000)
People v. Renejane, 158 SCRA
258 (1988)
People v. Camano 115 SCRA 688
(1982)
b. Effect of Pardon
RPC , Art. 23
Rep. Act. No. 8353
c. Absolutory Causes
RPC, Art. 6 (3), 7, 20, 16, 247, 280, 332,
344
Case:
People v. Veneracion, 249 SCRA
244 (1995)
13
IV. PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE
1. Principals
RPC, Art. 17
Case:
People v. Ragundiaz, 334 SCRA
193 (2000)
a. by direct participation
Cases:
People v. Dacillo, 427 SCRA 528
(2004)
People v. Nunag, 173 SCRA 274
(1989)
People v. Dela Cerna, 21 SCRA
569 (1967)
b. by inducement
c. by indispensable cooperation
2. Accomplices
RPC, Art. 18
Cases:
People v. Roche, 330 SCRA 91
(2000)
People v. Tolentino, 380 SCRA
171 (2002)
People v. Geraldo, 438 SCRA 78
(2006)
People v. Mandolado, supra
People v. Doctolero, 193 SCRA
632 (1991)
3. Accessories
RPC, Arts. 19., 20
14
Presidential Decree No. 1612
Case:
People v. Tolentino, 380 SCRA
171 2002)
People vs. Mariano, 347 SCRA
109 (2000)
People v. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19
(1978)
V. PENALTIES
A. General Principles
Cases:
In Re: Kay Villegas Kami, 35
SCRA 429 (1970)
People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382
(1972)
People v. Bracamonte, 257 SCRA
380 (1996)
People v. Valdez, G.. R. No.
127663, 11 March 1999
2. Prospectivity; Exception
RPC, Art. 21, 22
Civil Code Art. 4
Cases:
People v. Gallo, 315 SCRA
461 (1999)
People v. Patalin, 311
SCRA 187 (1999)
a. With reenactment
b. Without reenactment
Case:
People v. Pimentel, supra
15
1. Principal Penalties
2. Accessory Penalties
1. Capital Punishment
Republic Act No. 7659
Republic Act No. 8177 and Implementing
Rules and Regulations
Constitution (1987), Art. III, Sec. 19
RPC, Art. 40 , 47, 81-85
Cases:
People v. Echegaray, 257 SCRA
561 (1996)
Echegaray v. Secretary of
Justice, G.R. No. 132601,
Resolution dated 4 and 19 January 1999
People v, Esparas, et al., 260
SCRA 539 (1996)
People v. Munoz, 170 SCRA 107
(1989)
2. Afflictive Penalties
RPC, Art. 27, 41-42
a. Reclusion Perpetua
i. As Invisible Penalty
Case:
People v. Gatward, 267 SCRA
785 (1997)
b. Reclusion Temporal
c. Prision Mayor
3. Correctional Penalties
a. Prision Correccional
16
b. Arresto Mayor
RPC, Art. 27, 39, 43, 44
4. Light Penalties
a. Arresto Menor
b. Public Censure
RPC, Art. 27, 39, 44
a. Fine
b. Bond to keep the peace
RPC, Arts. 25 , 26, 35, 66
D. Accessory Penalties
RPC, Arts 30-34, 41-45
1. Generally
RPC Art. 28, 29, 46
Case:
People v. Formigones, 87 Phil.
658 (1950)
17
Case:
People v. Campuhan,
supra
Case:
Lacanilao v. CA, 162 SCRA
563 (1988)
G. Special Rules
1. Complex Crimes
RPC, Art. 48
Cases:
People v. Escober, supra
People v. Hernandez, 99 Phil.
515 (1956)
People v. Geronimo, 100 Phil. 99
(1956)
Ponce Enrile v. Salazar, 186
SCRA 217 (1990)
People v. Toling, 62 SCRA 17
(1975)
4. Impossible Crimes
RPC, Arts. 4, 59
18
RPC, Art. 70
Case:
Mejorada v. Sandiganbayan, 151 SCRA
339 (1987)
Cases:
Dela Cruz v. CA, 265 SCRA
299 (1996)
People v. Campuhan,
supra
People v. Saley, supra
1. Execution of Penalties
RPC, Art.s. 78, 86-88
Rules and Regulations to Implement R.A. 8177
In the Matter of the Petition for Habeas Corpus of
Pete C. Lagran, 363 SCRA 275 (2001)
Cases:
Llamado v. CA, 174 SCRA
566 (1989)
Bala v. Martinez, 181
SCRA 459 (1990)
Salgado v. CA, 189 SCRA
304 (1990)
Office of the Court
Administrator v. Librado,
260 SCRA 625 (1996)
19
Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law, Sec. 32
A. Total Extinction
RPC, Art. 89-93,36
Cases:
Monsanto v. Factoran, 170
SCRA 190 (1989)
Presidential Ad Hoc Fact-
Finding Committee on
Behest Loans v. Desierto,
363 SCRA 489 (2001)
B. Partial Extinction
RPC, Arts. 94-99
A. General Rule
RPC, Art. 100
Civil Code, Arts. 20, 161, 2176, 2177
2000 Rules on Criminal Procedure, Rule 111
B. Special Cases
Case:
Carpio v. Doroja, 180
SCRA 1 (1989)
20
D. Persons Civil Liable
RPC, Art. 108-111
21