Vehicle to Vehicle Communications

Manipal, Karnataka, India

Rudraksh Haran Dept.of Electrical and Electronics
r.rudraksh98@gmail.com
Engineering
Manipal Institute of Technology

Abstract— The increase in the use of commercial vehicles

has led to dense traffic congestions and road accidents. Vehicle
to Vehicle (V2V) communications aims to develop intelligent
transport systems where vehicles share information with each
other regarding their position, speed and vehicle control
information, such that warning systems are enabled to better
protect drivers in an increasingly uncertain world. In this
report, I propose to summarize the areas of research in this
field on how V2V technology develops a connected society that
is built for safety. Along with this, the concerns regarding data
transmission and privacy during V2V communications will be
specified. Latest technology and research regarding V2V
communication in the advent of 5G technology shall be
mentioned.

Keywords — V2V, DSRC, 5G, ITS

Fig. 1. CAN Gateway method for an example network

I. INTRODUCTION
Vehicle to vehicle communication is a technology that
enables vehicles to send important information to each other.
They support applications for safety purposes such as traffic
signal indication, emergency electronic brake light,
collaborative crash avoidance system, collision warning
systems, traffic calming, etc. In the latest years, studies on
V2V, V2I communication technologies have evolved
remarkably, [1],[2 ]. Intelligent Transport Systems’
motivations include increased system efficiency, reduced
delays in transportation, commercial growth, infotainment in
vehicles, and, most importantly, security. This is most
critical in V2V, as in large developed nations, [12 ]
automotive traffic disasters claim many lives every year.
The proposed method is based on CAN Gateways with a
partial network table. With the proposed method, we can
effectively control the ECUs related to specific V2V
services[2].
B. Dedicated Short Range Communication
Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) is a set
of standards for the transmission of vehicle security
messages. The speedy exchange of messages, blended with
knowledge of other riding vehicles that may not be visible to
drivers quickly, extends security concepts beyond the dreams
of the public. DSRC uses inexpensive, short-range, two-way
Line-of-Sight (LoS) communication with sufficiently large
bandwidth. The DSRC applications are normally used
for localized road communications

II. REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS

A. CAN Framework for V2V communications

TABLE I
This technique can effectively regulate ECUs linked to DSRC VS. OTHER WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIE
particular V2V assistance by creating partial networking-
only[2] CAN frames. The CAN-only partial networking
framework consists of CAN ID, service ID, and data
requested by other vehicles. The primary use of the CAN-
only partial networking framework is to request particular
V2V aid information. Due to the service ID present in the
frame, the CAN gateway searches for the respective ECUs
and transfers another CAN bus. The CAN gateways have a
partial network table to control the ECUs[2].

Wireless Access in the Vehicle Environment (WAVE) is

a term used to represent a series of IEEE P1609.x standards

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

that operate on MAC and network layers [3]. WAVE is
highly complex and develops on IEEE 802.11 standards by
altering a number of tweaks to guarantee a fast and efficient
transaction of safety messages. WAVE is a key component
of the DSRC. DSRC networks use WAVE Short Messages
Protocol (WSMP or WSM in brief) to exchange safety data
between roads and cars or just between vehicles[3].
C. Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks
Fig. 2. Basic kinds of VANET’s[4]
In the case of VANETs, the principal necessity for the
PHY / MAC layer[4] is to provide reliable transmission
among vehicles with a noisy and shared medium. Protocols
like this have passage to the medium known before; one
analogy of such protocol is the Time Division Multiplexing
Access (TDMA) protocol, where each network node has a
specific and preordained time slot for sending packets. An
alternative method is to use random access protocols. With
such protocols, the node attempts to transmit the packet and,
if a collision happens, the packet can never be accessed
properly by the receiver. The node has to send the packet
anew.
The Fleetnet project intends for the development of a
wireless ad hoc network for inter-vehicle communications
[5]. By achieving multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle
communication one can achieve i) enhanced safety through
an expansive range of knowledge of a vehicle and its driver,
and ii) a new low-cost communication option for a vehicle's
commuters and network parts.[5]
Fleetnet will provide the base for a wider spectrum of
applications in the areas of collective driver aid systems and
mobile data systems. In this context, we see three significant
benefits of ad hoc networks over cellular systems: I relatively
low delay in time-critical safety-related data; ii) small
transmission expenses; and iii) handling neighboring
vehicles on the grounds of their relative position.
Applications of Fleetnet not only deals with the safety of the
driver and the flow of traffic but also with the ' convenience '
aspect of the passengers of the vehicle. An example is when
passengers on the back seat can play games online with
riders in other cars accompanying them in the same lane.
D. Zigbee Protocol
Zigbee modules posses UART interface that facilitates
microcontrollers or microprocessors to use the Zigbee
protocol. Uart Wifi is an embedded module relying on
the serial communication, in compliance with the WiFi
wireless WLAN standards, this is compatible with the
IEEE802.11 protocol stack and the TCP / IP protocol
stack and facilitates data transition between the serial
user and the wireless protocol stack.
The general time for ZigBee connecting to access
network is under 60ms, including awaking time,
searching time and connecting time, which is comforting
for automotive application. However, the performance of
using ZigBee as a communication tool in the real world
can be affected by several factors.[6]. Even though
ZigBee is not considered the best application for vehicles
owing to restricted bandwidth and small connection
distances comparable to DSRC or LTE, we can still
explore the possibilities of vehicle apps as writers in
having effectively designed the IEEE 802.15.4 based
hardware program for vehicle applications. Still, in a
campus setting where driving velocity is usually below
30 km / h, it is still worthwhile to design and execute a
runtime environment to confirm the effectiveness of
enhancing the forward-collision warning system.
The ZigBee module is primarily concerned
with managing the transmission and reception of signals
using the inner kernel. Using equations the author
designed a safe distance model that was implemented
using the ZigBee protocol. The written protocol includes
ZigBee information, CAN bus data and GPS information.
To be more precise, the protocol guarantees that
information is transmitted and received properly between
the ZigBee module, the CAN bus vehicle, the position
control unit and the computer controller.
 Fig. 4. For V2V applications using 5G technology[7]
Fig. 3. V2V using Zigbee for Collision warning systems[6]

Situations where there may be many cars, few can

Field trials approved that, even though the optimal
communication range of ZigBee showed fluctuation
when there was a 2.4GHz disruption in the network or
when the gain antenna was used, ZigBee could be applied
to the forward-collision warning system in the required
setting.[6]
obtain unique ends located in V2V form rather than
being directly linked to base stations. Connections to
the network shall be created through these cars. Not
only does this reduce access stress at base stations,
but it also increases spectrum performance

E. 5G Enabled Technolgy .

Recent developments in the broad realm of the IOT III. CONCLUSION

are pushing standard changes in VANET's, V2V, and
Here, I have characterized the advantages of 5G
some ITS apps shall include very low latency, further
technology in regard to V2V communication in terms of low
reduced than that presently supplied by modern
latency, extraordinarily high bandwidth and dependability.
communication networks.
The notion of V2V communication in a 5G cellular setting
has been introduced. Review of Zigbee protocol was shown,
and applications of V2V in VANET's were summarized
The demand for connected cars will be extremely big along with its risks and challenges. Concepts of mainstream
in terms of the number of linked endpoints and the V2V technologies such as DSRC were also added.
data exchanged. Given time, all vehicles will have the
ability to connect to everything smart, from people to
material items, timely relevant data, and products of
all kinds, in a completely elastic and safe manner.[7]

The shift to 5G is due to existing courses, and it is

widely believed that 5G cellular networks should
solve challenges that are hard to address by 4G,
namely better capacity, more dependable data rate,
lower End to End latency, substantial device
connectivity, limited costs and coherent Quality of
Experience provisioning.[7]

When operating at fast speeds, a car might warn

adjacent cars before shifting the roads or slowing
down. From the obtained warnings, neighboring cars
alert drivers or even semi-automate the driving in an
urgent scenario so that they can respond more rapidly
to decrease the number of road mishaps.

REFERENCES
.
[1] Matolak D.W. (2013) V2V Communication Channels: State of
Knowledge, New Results, and What’s Next. In: Berbineau M. et al.
(eds) Communication Technologies for Vehicles.
Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol
7865. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg)
[2] H. Hwang, S. Oh and J. Shin, "CAN gateway for fast vehicle to
vehicle (V2V) communication," 2015 International Conference on
Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC),
Jeju, 2015, pp. 523-525.
[3] Y. L. Morgan, "Notes on DSRC & WAVE Standards Suite: Its
Architecture, Design, and Characteristics," in IEEE Communications
Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 504-518, Fourth Quarter
2010.
[4] Y. Toor, P. Muhlethaler, A. Laouiti, and A. D. La Fortelle, "Vehicle
Ad Hoc networks: applications and related technical issues," in IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 74-88, Third
Quarter 2008.
[5] Hartenstein, H., Bochow, B., Ebner, A., Lott, M., Radimirsch, M., &
Vollmer, D. (2001). Position-aware ad hoc wireless networks for
inter-vehicle communications: the Fleetnet project. MobiHoc '01.
[6] Yu Lei and Jian Wu, "Study of applying ZigBee technology into
forward collision warning system (FCWS) under low-speed
circumstance," 2016 25th Wireless and Optical Communication
Conference (WOCC), Chengdu, 2016, pp. 1-4
[7] D. Kombate and Wanglina, "The Internet of Vehicles Based on 5G
Communications," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Internet of
Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications
(GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing
(CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData), Chengdu, 2016, pp.
445-448
[8] 1. Nicholas Hyldmar, Yijun He, Amanda Prorok – “A Fleet of
Miniature Cars for Experiments in Cooperative Driving”,
arXiv:1902.06133v1, 16/2/2019
[9] 3. Ronald Jurgen, V2V/V2I Communications for Improved Road
Safety and Efficiency, SAE, 2012
[10] O. Dousse, P. Thiran, and M. Hasler, “Connectivity in Ad-Hoc
and Hybrid Networks,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 2002 21st Annual
Joint Conf. IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, vol.
2, 2002.
.