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Heat & Mass Transfer: Prof. Dr. Asad Naeem Shah
Heat & Mass Transfer: Prof. Dr. Asad Naeem Shah
Heat & Mass Transfer: Prof. Dr. Asad Naeem Shah
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐻. 𝑇
𝜖=
𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐻. 𝑇
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
The actual H.T may be computed by calculating either the
energy lost by the hot fluid or the energy gained by the
cold fluid, i.e.
∆𝑇2
= 1 − 𝜖(1 + 𝐶𝑟 ) → (𝐵)
∆𝑇1
1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑁𝑇𝑈 1 + 𝐶𝑟
𝜖=
1 + 𝐶𝑟
which is the required expression in terms of ∈ −𝑁𝑇𝑈 for
parallel flow H.E.
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
𝑇ℎ1 − 𝑇𝑐1 1 1
ln = −𝑈𝐴 −
𝑇ℎ2 − 𝑇𝑐2 𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ
𝑇ℎ1 − 𝑇𝑐1 1 1
= 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑈𝐴 − → (𝑋)
𝑇ℎ2 − 𝑇𝑐2 𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇ℎ2 = 𝑇ℎ1 − 𝑇ℎ1 − 𝑇𝑐2 𝜖 → (7)
𝐶ℎ
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝑐1 = 𝑇𝑐2 + 𝑇ℎ1 − 𝑇𝑐2 𝜖 → (8)
𝐶𝑐
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 1
1− 𝜖 = 1− 𝜖 × 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑈𝐴 −
𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ 𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ
1 1
1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑈𝐴 −
𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ
𝜖= → (𝑌)
1 1 1 1
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑈𝐴 −
𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ 𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
If 𝐶𝑐 is assumed to be minimum, eqn. (Y) leads to:
1 1
1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑈𝐴 −
𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ
𝜖=
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐶 −𝑈𝐴 𝐶
1 − 𝑐 . 𝑒𝑥𝑝 1− 𝑐
𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ 𝐶𝑐 𝐶ℎ
As 𝐶𝑐 < 𝐶ℎ i.e. 𝐶𝑐 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 & 𝐶ℎ = 𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑈𝐴 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛
Also = 𝑁𝑇𝑈 & = 𝐶𝑟
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥
1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑁𝑇𝑈 1 − 𝐶𝑟
∴𝜖=
1 − 𝐶𝑟 . 𝑒𝑥𝑝 −𝑁𝑇𝑈 1 − 𝐶𝑟
Now if 𝐶ℎ in eqn. (Y) is assumed to be minimum, same result
will be obtained.
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
Key Findings:
o Phase Change: Boiling & Condensation cases.
𝑑ℎ
As 𝐶𝑃 = , But dT = 0
𝐶𝑃 = ∞
𝑑𝑇
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐶𝑟 = =0
𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝝐 = 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝑵𝑻𝑼 (Both for parallel & counter flow H. Es)
𝑵𝑻𝑼
𝝐=
𝟏 + 𝑵𝑻𝑼
Graphs of 𝛜 Vs. 𝐍𝐓𝐔 parameters are available for various
H.E configuration.
The curves indicate the relationship among
• Effectiveness (𝜖)
• Capacity ratio (𝐶𝑟 )
• NTU
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD Cont.
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