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OPTIMAL DESIGN OF UDERGROUND WATER TANKS

Article · December 2014

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF UDERGROUND WATER TANKS

Karthiga @ Shenbagam.N1, Mahesh.V2, Chandramohan.N 3, Jayanthi.V4,
Manjunath.N.V5
1
Assistant Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District-
638401
2
Assistant Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District-
638401
3
Assistant Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District-
638401
4
Assistant Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District-
638401
5
Assistant Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District-
638401

ABSTRACT

In order to study the most economical configuration between rectangular and circular
underground water tanks to store a given volume of water, fifty tanks in each have been designed
changing the ratio of length to breadth dimensions in case of rectangular water tanks and height to
depth ratio in case of circular water tanks.. A program has been developed using C-language for the
design of water tanks and all the tanks have been designed using this program. All the designs have
been based on the recommendations of I.S 3370.Based on these designs, those dimensions of tanks
which will lead to least amount of concrete, steel and total cost to store a given volume of water have
been found out. These findings will be useful for the designers of underground water tanks.
INTRODUCTION
A water tank is used to store water to tide over the daily requirements. Underground water
tanks are quite common, as they are used for storage of water received from water supply mains
operating at low pressures, or received from other source. Underground water tanks are of two types:
i. Rectangular tanks.
ii. Circular tanks.
Generally circular tanks are used for large capacity, for tanks of smaller capacity the cost of
shuttering for circular tanks becomes economical. However rectangular tanks are normally not used
for large capacities since they are uneconomical and also, its exact analysis is difficult.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

191 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

When the above tanks are to be designed underground, the walls of the tank are to be
designed for earth pressure, as well as water pressure acting separately and also acting
simultaneously. Similarly the floors of the tanks are designed for hydrostatic water pressure acting
upwards.
Whenever there is a possibility of ground water to rise above the base slab, not only the walls
are to be designed for saturated soil up to the extent of water above the base slab, but also the base
slab is to be designed for uplift pressure of water (less weight of slab for tank empty case). In
addition, check has to be applied for stability of the tank as a whole against uplift.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVESTIGATION:
The main objective of the investigation reported herein is to identify the most economical
design of water tanks.
SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION:
The volume of tanks is varied from 100 m3 to 1000 m3.the density of water is taken as 9.81
kN/m3, angle of repose of soil is 30˚, saturated unit weight of soil is 16 kN/m3.
The provision of IS: 3370 (Part I and part II)-1965 (Code of Practice for concrete structures
for the storage of liquids), IS: 3370(Part IV)-1974 (Code of Practice for concrete structures for the
storage of liquids).
And IS: 456-2000 (Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete) are made use of whenever
required. Concrete grade of M20 and steel of Fe 415 are used throughout the investigation for design
of bunkers.
METHODOLOGY:
A program has been developed using C-language for the design of water tanks, base slab and
the top slab and all the tanks have been designed using this program. All the designs have been based
on the recommendations of I.S 3370-1965 and I.S 456 – 2000 codes. Estimation of cost of water
tanks and its supporting structures are done by using Microsoft excel.
COST COMPARISON OF R.C.C RECTANGULAR WATER TANKS WITH CIRCULAR
WATER TANKS WITH VARIOUS H/D RATIO:
For the purpose of cost comparison, the rates are adopted as per the prevailing rates at
Sathyamangalam during the period of January 2009 and the rates are given below
Rate of concrete: Rs.4500 per m3.

192 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

Rate of Steel: RS.35 per kgf.

Rate of Formwork: Rs. 150 per m2.

193 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

194 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

Fig 11:Total cost per cub m of water stored

2000
Total cost, Rs

1575
1500
1538
1000 1091
500 654
466
0
0.25 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.71
h/d ratio volume=100 cub m

Fig 12:Total cost per cub m of water stored

5000
Total cost, Rs

3818
4000
3000
2000 2530 3609
1506
1000
1041
0
0.33 0.41 0.50 0.60 0.70
h/d ratio volume=200 cub m

195 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

Fig 13:Total cost per cub m of water stored

5000
3933

Total cost, Rs
4000
3000
2621 3494
2000
1562
1000
1043
0
0.27 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.57
h/d ratio volume=300 cub m

Fig 14:Total cost per cub m of water stored

6000 5594
Total cost, Rs

5000
4000 3778 3933 5029
3000
2000 2603
1000
0
0.35 0.42 0.50 0.57 0.65
h/d ratio volume=400 cub m

Fig 15:Total cost per cub m of water stored

6000 5021
Total cost, Rs

4000
3291 3584 4790
2000 2388

0
0.32 0.38 0.44 0.51 0.58
h/d ratio volume=500 cub m

Fig 16:Total cost per cub m of water stored

6000 5662
Total cost, Rs

4000 4033 4244 5535

3025
2000

0
0.40 0.47 0.53 0.60 0.67
h/d ratio volume=600 cub m

Fig 17:Total cost per cub m of water stored

6000
4917
Total cost, Rs

4000
3510 3681 4808
2000 2648

0
0.37 0.43 0.49 0.56 0.62
h/d ratio volume=700 cub m

196 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

Fig 18:Total cost per cub m of water stored

6000 5451

Total cost, Rs
4000 4092 4212 5420
3118
2000

0
6 6.5 7 7.5 8
h/d ratio volume=800 cub m

Fig 19:Total cost per cub m of water stored

6000 5016
Total cost, Rs

4000 3820 3905 4993

2000 2959

0
0.43 0.49 0.55 0.61 0.67
h/d ratio volume=900 cub m

Fig 20:Total cost per cub m of water stored

8000
Total cost, Rs

5905
6000
4000 4517 4538 5744
3555
2000
0
0.52 0.58 0.63 0.69 0.75
h/d ratio volume=1000 cub
m
Fig 21:Total cost per cub m of water stored
Economical h/d ratios

3
2.8 2.81
2.67
2.5
2.33 2.38 2.38
2.2 2.13 2.13 2.13
2

1.5
0

0
00
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90
10

Volume of water stored in rectangular tanks, cub m

Fig 22:Total cost per cub m of water stored

Economical h/d ratios

0.6
0.5 0.52
0.46 0.43
0.4 0.4 0.37
0.33 0.35 0.32
0.3 0.27
0.25
0.2
0.1
0
0

0
00
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90
10

Volume of water stored in circular tanks, cub m

197 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

CONCLUSIONS:

From the above Figures 1 to 10 it is concluded that for storing water the most economical l/b ratios
for rectangular tanks are:
For 100m3 =2.20 is economical.
For 200m3 =2.80 is economical
For 300m3 = 2.33 is economical
For 400m3 = 2.67 is economical
For 500m3 = 2.81 is economical
For 600m3 = 2.13 is economical
For 700m3 = 2.13 is economical
For 800m3 = 2.13 is economical
For 900m3 = 2.38 is economical
From the above Figures 11 to 20 it is concluded that for storing water the most economical h/d ratios
for circular tanks are:
For 100m3 =0.25 is economical.
For 200m3 =0.33 is economical
For 300m3 = 0.27 is economical.
For 400m3 = 0.35 is economical
For 500m3 = 0.32 is economical
For 600m3 = 0.4 is economical
For 700m3 = 0.37 is economical
For 800m3 = 0.46 is economical
For 900m3 = 0.43 is economical
For 1000m3 = 0.52 is economical
From the graphs 21 and 22
i. the most economical h/d ratio for rectangular water tank is 2.13.
ii. the most economical h/d ratio for rectangular water tank is 0.25.

198 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com November 2014, Volume 2 Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

REFERENCES
1) Dr.B.C Punmia “Reinforced concrete structures” Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd (2006).
2) I.C.Syal, A.K Goel “Reinforced concrete Structures”, S.Chand & Company Ltd (2007).
3) “D.Krishnamoorthy”Structural Design and drawing Volume 2 (Concrete Structure), CBS
Publishers & Distributors (2001).
4) IS 3370 (Part I and part II)-1965 (Code of Practice for concrete structures for the storage of
liquids)
5) IS 3370(Part IV)-1965 (Code of Practice for concrete structures for the storage of liquids).
6) IS: 456-2000 (Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.

199 KarthigaShenbagam.N, Mahesh.V, Chandramohan.N , Jayanthi.V, Manjunath.N.V

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