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Poliomyelitis: Submitted To-Ms. Manju M.S
Poliomyelitis: Submitted To-Ms. Manju M.S
Unit: Unit VI
Topic: poliomyelitis
Duration: 1 hour
- define poliomyelitis
- describe the incidence of poliomyelitis
- explain the epidemiology of poliomyelitis
- discuss the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis
- enlist the clinical manifestations of poliomyelitis
- listout the complications of poliomyelitis
- mention the diagnosis of poliomyelitis
- describe the prophylaxis against poliomyelitis
- enumerate the various treatment modalities of poliomyelitis
- explain the prognosis of poliomyelitis
- discuss the nursing management of poliomyelitis.
TIME SPESIFIC CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY A.V EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY LEARNERS AIDS
2min Introduction
Definition
2min The students Define Listen PPT Define
are able to Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus, poliomyelitis carefully poliomyelitis
define the poliovirus is an RNA virus with three distinct serotypes viz 1, and take
poliomyelitis. 2 and 3. Type 1 is the most frequent and type 2 the least down the
common cause of paralytic poliomyelitis. notes
Incidence Listen
Describe the What is the
2min The students PPT
In 1980 nearly 42,000 cases were notified to WHO, the data incidence of carefully incidence of
are able to
describe the from 136 countries representing 82 percent of total population. poliomyelitis poliomyelitis?
incidence of Now immunization has brought marked reduction.
poliomyelitis Lameness surveys in several Northern India states revealed
annual incidence rates of 2 to 5 per 1000 rural pre-school
children and 1 to 3 per 1000 urban pre-school children.
Surveys in south India suggest that the prevalence of
poliomyelitis lameness among school children is about 3 to 5
per 1000 implying an annual incidence in the whole
population of about 15 per 100,000. Polio has been completely
eradicated from the Americans and many other parts of
country.
2min The students Epidemiology Explain the Listen PPT How
are able to epidemiology carefully poliomyelitis
explain the Man is the only reservoir and natural host of the virus. of and clarifies will spread?
epidemiology Poliovirus is excreted in the stool of patients for two weeks poliomyelitis the doubts
of before and 6 to 8 weeks after the onset of the illness. Fecal
poliomyelitis
contamination of the edible substances may occur, either due
to human association or through the filth and flies. The virus
may also be water- borne because of contamination with
sewage. Poliovirus enters the human body, through the mouth
and alimentary tract.
Discuss the Listen PPT
The students What is the
Pathogenesis pathogenesis carefully
4min are able to pathophysiolo-
of and clarifies
discuss the The virus of poliomyelitis multiples in the intestines, if there poliomyelitis the doubts -gy of
pathogenesis is no local tissue immunity against the infection. It then travels
of poliomyelitis?
to the regional lymph nodes and reticuloendothelial structures.
poliomyelitis
Viremia may occur for a short period. As a result of this, the
specific types of anti bodies are produced in the blood and the
gut. If the immune response is adequate and fast the virus is
neutralized and the illness is aborted. Antibodies act mainly at
the site of external proliferation of the virus. If conditions for
the spread of virus are present, the virus involves the nervous
system, reaching there either along nerve pathways or through
the blood stream. In the nervous system anterior horn cells,
bulbar nuclei and cerebellar cortex are primarily affected.
Asymptomatic (silent)
Nonparalytic polio
Paralytic polio
Complication
2min The students Listout the Take down PPT What are the
are able to • Gastrointestinal system: bleeding, perforation and complications the points complications
listout the dilation. of of
complications • Cardiovascular system: hypertension, tachycardia, poliomyelitis poliomyelitis?
of congestive cardiac failure, myocarditis, cardiac arrest.
poliomyelitis
• Pulmonary system: respiratory distress, pneumonia,
pulmonary edema.
• Urinary system: transient paralysis of bladder, calculi,
infection.
3min The students Diagnosis Mention the Listen PPT How will you
are able to diagnosis of carefully diagnose the
In large majority of the cases, diagnosis of paralytic polio is
mention the poliomyelitis and take poliomyelitis?
clear from the clinical profile. An acute onset of asymmetrical
diagnosis of down the
flaccid paralysis must arouse a suspicion of poliomyelitis.
poliomyelitis notes
Lumbar puncture should be done only to exclude the
possibility of bacterial meningitis. It should, however be
avoided as far as possible in view of the risk involved.
Cerebrospinal fluid shows a moderate increase in cells and an
inconsistent elevation of protein. Sugar and chloride levels are
usually normal. Poliovirus may be isolated from the
cerebrospinal fluid and oropharynx in the early part of illness.
Demonstration of poliovirus in feces does not establish the
diagnosis. The serum of the patient shows a rise in titer of
polio antibodies during convalescence.
6min The students Prophylaxis Describe the Listen OHP What are the
are able to prophylaxis carefully prophylactic
It is important to have all children immunised as it is the sole
describe the effective means of preventing poliomyelitis. against and clarifies measures for
prophylaxis poliomyelitis the doubts poliomyelitis?
against Active Immunization
poliomyelitis In active immunization 2 types of polio vaccine are used
I. Salk inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) administered by
injection
II. Sabin oral live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV). It is
recommended vaccine in most countries.
1min Conclusion
Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection caused by an RNA
virus. It is primarily an infection of human alimentary tract but
it affects the nervous system causing varying degrees of
paralysis and sometime death. So we have discussed
incidence, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, complications, diagnosis treatment, prognosis
and nursing management.
Evaluation
Students are given test
1. a) define poliomyelitis
b) what are the clinical manifestations and discuss the
pathogenesis of poliomyelitis
c) Discuss the treatment modalities of poliomyelitis
Student Bibliography
1. “The short text book of pediatrics” by Suraj Gupta’s. 4th edition, 2009, Jaypee publishers, New Delhi, page no: 169-172
2. “ Ghai’s Essentials pediatrics” edited by O P Ghai, 5th edition, 2000, Interprint publishers , New delhi , page no: 182-185
Bibliography
1. “park’s textbook of preventive and social Medicine” by K. Park, 18 th edition, 2005, Banarasidas publishers, Jabalpur, India,
Page no: 161-67
2. Marlow R. Drothy, Redding A Barbara’s “Textbook of pediatric Nursing”, 6th edition 2005, Elsevier publication, Philadelphia
Page no: 932 -933
3. Hocken berry J Marilyn’s “wong’s Essentials of pediatric Nursing”, 7 th edition 206, Mosby publishers, Missouri, U.S.A. page no: 442-43.