WEATHERING AND EROSION: An Exogenic Processes

Guide Answers:

WEATHERING

1.WEATHERING describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the
surface of the Earth while EROSION is the geological process in which earthern materials are
worn awayand transported by natural forces such as wind or water.

2.Liquid water can seep into cracks and crevices in rock. When water freezes, it expands.
The ice when works as a wedge . It slowly widens the cracks and splits the rock. When ice melts,
liquid water performs the act of erosion by carrying away the tiny rock fragments lost in the
split. This is called frost wedging.

3.Changes in temperature cause rock to expand (with heat) and contract (when cold). As
this happens over and over again, the structure of the rock weakens. Over time, it crumbles.

4.It is a process called exfoliation.

5.It is a process called haloclasty.

6.By scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring and rubbing away the materials.

7.The seed of a tree may sprout in soil that has collected in a cracked rock, eventually
breaking the rock into pieces. Over time, trees can break apart even large rocks.

8.Animals that tunnel underground, such as moles and prairie dogs also work to break
apart rpck and soil. Other animals dig and trample rock above ground causing rock to slowly
crumble.

9.PHYSICAL WEATHERING causes the rock to crumble while CHEMICAL WEATHERING

changes the molecular structure of rocks and soil.

10.It can open up huge cracks or hollow out vast networks of caves.

11.RUST is a compound created by the interaction of oxygen and iron with the present of
water. As rust expands, it weakens rock and helps break it apart.

12.HYDRATION is a form of chemical weathering in which the chemical bonds of the

mineral are change as it interact with water while HYDROLYSIS is another form in which a new
solution is formed as chemicals in rock interact with water.
 13.Clay minerals, including quartz are the most common by product of chemical
weathering.

14.Certain kinds of air pollution caused by humans like burning coal, natural gas and
petroleum.

15.Climate, rock type, rock structure, topography and time are the factors that affects
weathering.

EROSION

1.PHYSICAL EROSION describes the process of rocks changing their physical properties
without changing their basic chemical composition; causes rocks to become smaller and
smoother, while CHEMICAL EROSION describes the process of rocks changing their chemical
compositionas they erode.

2.Plant growth; plants break up earthern materials as they take root and can create crack
and fractures in rocks they encounter.

3.The most common chemical erosion is rust, the product of the process is called oxidation.

4.SPLASH EROSION describes the impact pf a falling raindrop which can scatter tiny soil
particle as far as 2 feet. SHEET EROSION describes erosion caused by runoff develops into
discrete streams. GULLY EROSION is the stage in which soil particles are transported through
large channels.

5.Velocity and discharge.

6.DEPOSITION occurs when a river loses its capacity to transport sediments.

7.COASTAL REGION is the wearing away of rocks, earth or sand in the beach.

8.SEA STACKS are rock columns.

9.Wind erodes by deflation (removal of loose, fine particles from the surface and abrasion
grinding action and sand blasting).

10.GLACIER is a moving body of ice on land that moves