Geologi Lembar Takengon,Sumatra

The Geolory of the TakengonQuadrangle,Sumatra

Lembar (Quadrangle): 0520

Sekda (Scale)1:250,000

Oleh (By):
N.R. Cameror,J. D. Bennett,D.M{. Bridge, M.C.G. Chrhe, A. Djmudclin,
S'.A. Gbazali, H. Harahap, D.H. Jrffrry, W. Keats,H. Ngabito, N.M.S. Rocks,
S.J. Tbompson

Petaini merupakanhasil SurvaiGeologirerpadu sumatra Utara, sebuahkerjasama

teknik antaraPemerintahRepublikIndonesia(Departemenpertambangan dan
Energi)dan PemerintahKelajaanInggeris(Administrasipengembangan-Luar Negerr.)
dan dilaksanakan bersamaoleh DirektoratsumberDayaMineral(Direktur: Ir. s"alman
Padmanagara;Pemimpin Proyek: Drs.JuliarThaib) dan Lembagallmu Geologi
(Pe:nim-pinProy_ek:B.G.N.Page),sebuahbadancabangdari DewanRisbt Lingkungan
Alam, KerajaanInggeris.
This map wasproducedby the IntegratedGeologicalSurveyofNorthern sumatra,
a technicalcooperationschemebetweenthe Governmentsof the Republicof Indonesia
(Ministry of Minesand Energy)and the United Kingdom(Overseas Development
Administration),and carriedout jointly by the Directorateof MineralResources,
Bandung(salmanPadmanagara, Director;JuliarThaib, projectLeader)and the Institute
of Geologicalsciences(B.G.N.Page,ProjectLeader),a compotr€ntbody of the Natural
Environment Research Council,United Kingdom.

DEPARTEMENPERTAMBANGAN DAN ENERGI

DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PERTAMBANGAN UMUM
PUSAT"ENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN GEOLOGI
GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHAND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE
1983
Copyright O lqSl
N{inrstry of illrnes and EnergY
Directorate General of Mines
The Geological Researchand Development Centre
Bandung, Indonesia

reproduced'
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be
form or
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
taPe'
by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic
mechanical,photocopying, recording or otherwise'
without permission in writing from the publishers'

Irirstedition, l9E.l

:
Bibliographicreference

, . D i u n u d d i n ,S . A . G h u z r l i ,
N { . ( . G .C l a r k c A
N . R . C a m c r o nJ, . D . l J e n n e t tD, . M c C .1 3 r i d g, e
H. tJarah:rp, D.t]. Jcl'fcry,W- Keats, W. Kartawa, H. Ngabito, N.M.S. Rocks& S.J.Thonrpson'
1982,Thc Gaolrry.voJ the TakengttnQuadrarrylc, Sunvtra, Geol. Rcs and l)ev. Centre
 Explanatory Note and GeologicalM"p of the
Takengon Quadrangle,Sumatra

Contents

Page
I INTRODUCTION
4 GENERAL SETTING
6 GEOLOGY
16 SUMMARYOF GEOLOGICAL HISTORY
19 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
23 BIBLIOGRAHY
26 APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION
Keyworth, Nottingham, UK. An index map on the
The North Sumatra Irrt_rject(NSP), undertaken lacc ol'the l:250,000 sheetshowsthe individu:rlareas
rluringthe period 1975 1980,consistedof a programme covered
by these.
combiningsystematicreconnaissance geological
nrapping LlnpublishedSubareaand Follow-up Reportswill
with regional geochemLalpr.ospecting, and l'ormed
he ref'erredto in this report by superscripts10, Ftt, etc
part of the British Covernment'stechnicalassistance
programme to developingcountries. the nunrbersbeing those in the Project register(see
The Pro.ject
covered Sumatra north ol' the Equator (ca. BibliographyB). Publishedand other ref'erences will be
190 .000 km2), ancl the work was untlertaken by cited however in the normll author (date) manner,
a combined team of British geologists from tne and listed in BibliographyA.
lnstitute of GeologicalSciences(lGS) and Overseas
DevelopnrentAdministration, United Kinqdsrn. nn4
Indonesiancounterpartsfrorn thg DirectorltJof Mineral
Resources(DMR), Indonesia. The prime aim of the Location & basemaps used
Project was the production t,f | :2i0,000 scale geo-
logical maps, with accornprnyingmap reports and The fakengon Quadranglecovers approximately
complimentary geochemicalreports, with a view to 18, 100 Km2 of land area,bouniled to the
west and
evaluatingthe mineral potential of northern Sumatra. east respectively
by longitudes96o and 97o30' E and
Further details of the Pnrject may be found in page
to the north and south by latitudes5oN and 4oN.
et al. (1978), includingfield krgisticsand detailsof a
A srnall.portion in the SW is bounded by the Indian
computerisedIield data-recordingsystem. A general
Ocean. Fig. I shows the position of the Quadrangle
aooount of the geology of the whole project area was
given by Cameronet al. (1980\. in relation to the rest of Sumatra, and gives the
Tl.re Takengon Quadranglewas rnappetl, and a .locations of rivers, towns and other generalised
geochemical stream-sediment sampling programme localities cited in this report. Moor specificlocalities
undertaken,during 1975 to 1977. All field data and are identitied here by 6 or 8- figure UTM (Universal
samplesare availablefor inspectionat DMR, Bandung. TransverseMercator) grid references,eg (123 456),
In addition to this report and the accompanying relative to the grid on the 1:250,000 sheet itself.
l:250,000 geologicalsheet, four l:100,000 geological All grid ref'erenceson this sheet fall in zone 47N of
maps(MeulabohA, B, C, D) and 24 GeologicalSubarea the UTM grid. Localities sited as, for example,
Reports (with maps) covering the Quadrauglewere 'Blangpidie (Tapaktuan Quadrangle)'lie within one
also prepared, but not published. These are also of the other 1:250,000 describedin this
Quadrangles
stored in Bandung, and copies are available for ieriesof reports(seeIndex Map on faceof 1:250,000
inspectionat IGS Overseas Division,Mary Ward College, sheet).
2

Users of this map and report series must note cover,Takengon

Table 1. RAAF airphotograph
that the namesof: some of the 1 : 250,000 quadrangles Quadrangle.
(map sheets)have been recently changedin accordance
Run 9N 0124-0133 R u nl 5 : 0091 010E
with the index map issued by BAKOSURTANAL in
1981. The previous and new names are given below R u nl 0 N 0085-0 105 R u nl 5 : 0018-0028
and readersshould check'the following list if confusion R u n1 1 0 18 2 - 0 2 0 6 R u n1 6 : 0010-0029
arises(A11unpublishedreport and map drafts produced R u n1 2 0104-0108 R u n1 7 : 0077-0091
as a result of the IGS/DMR Project refer to sheetsby Run 12 0161-0184 Run 18 : 0036-0043
'previous' name). R u n1 3 00s0-0080 R u ni 9 : 0138-0143
the
R u n1 4 0042-0067
Sheet No. Previous Name New Name
An index to the airphotography for the whole of
u20 Calang Urokkruet N. Sumatra is obtainablefrom DMR Bandung or
0520 Meulaboh Takengon IGS, Keyworth.
06r8 Pangururan Sidikalang
Conrmunicationsand settlement
0718 Tanjungbalai Pematangsian-
tar An unsurfaced,all-weather,west coast road from
Bancla Aceh to Bakongan (Sidikaiang. Quadrangle)
0817 Kotatengah Dumai
serves as the main line of communication for the
0 7t 6 Natal Lubuksikaping coastal town ot' Meulaboh. Dry weather roads and
tracks parallel the lower reachesof some of the larger
west-drainingrivers, providing limited accessto the
The most recent topographicmaps coveringthe mountainoushinterland for example, the road from
present Quadranglewere publishedby JANTOP TNI Meulaboh to Tutut on the Kr. Woyla (Fig. l). A
second road runs from Bireuen, on the north
A . D . J a k a r t a( 1 9 7 1 1 9 ) a t a s c a l el : 5 0 , 0 0 0 . T h e s ei n
turn were basedon Royal AuslralianAir Force(RAAF) ooast of Aceh, througlr Takengon (Laut Tawar) to
airphotography,I974, which was at a nominalscale of Blangkejeren, eventually joining an extensive road
1:100,000(Table l). As the JANTOP maps were not network further south. The road is surfaced between
available at the time of the present field survey, field Bireuen and Takengon,but is currently (1979) in
teamsused base-maps preparedinternallyl'rom pre-war a bad state of repair further south, especially beyond
Dutch topographic nraps, updated using the RAAF Lumut; it neverthelessprovides an important line
airphotography,and these sarnebase-mapswere used of accessto much of the north-central and south-
in preparing the unpublished l: 100,000 Geological eastern parts of the Quadrangle. Road access to
Subarea Repirrts and N{aps. The base-rnapfor the the nortli-eastern areas is by unsurfaced tracks to
present l:250,000 sheet trowever was prepared by Cot Girek plantation (Fig. 1). In the north'west,
Cartographic Section,CeologicalResearchand Develop' the Geumpang area is linked to Tangse and Sigli
ment Centre (GRDC), liom the JANTOP l:50,000 (Banda Aceh Quadrangle)by an unsealedall-weather
maps. Readersshould bear this differencein mind if road.
intendingto consultthe unpublishedmate$al. River accessis limited to the lower reachesof
Names and spellings of localities in this report the larger rivers, ie, those draining to the west coast,
follow the JANTOP maps. Very different names and and to the Kr. Jambo Aye in the north-east. Accessto
spellingsmay appear on earlier topographic maps, eg. other areasis by foot or occasionally,in the more open
1:250,000 sheetsNB47 13 (Meulaboh)in the T503 areas,by pony. A well'usedpath links the Angkup dis'
series(US Army Corps of Engineers,edition I-AMS, trict Q47 51 1) and Pameue(.216 526). Other less used
1954) and the 1501 series(UK Ministry of Defence, paths run from Pameue to the west coast and to
edition 1-CSGS,1967). The position of tlie UTM Geurnpang. A second path runs from the Angkup
grid is also slightly different on these earlier maps. area to Blangpuuk (Betung) (228 492) ahd the west
The following abbreviations will be used for coast. From Blangpuukthere is a path north'westwards
Indonesian names : Kr., S., = Krueng, Sungai(river), to Geumpang. An old road now rlargely destroyed
W., A., = I'ttahni,Alty'(.stream), C., 8.,=Gunung, Burni also links Geumpangwith Tutut. A well usedpony track
(mountain).
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from Blangkejeren to Pendeng (Langsa Quadrangle) negoro & Hartoyo 1974, Kamili et
the corner of the present area. Other tracks Hartoyo et al. 1978). West coast offshore data is
crosses SE
et al. (1978 and 1980)' However,
in part drivable, run westwardsfrom Blangkejerenand discussedby Karig
out over most
Rikit Gaib. A track is said to link Lumut (293 479) no systematic survey had been carried
valley. Access into other of the Quadrangle until the North Sumatra Project'
with the upper Kr. Serbajadi
portionsof,the Quadrangleis extremelydifficult, notably
in the upper Seunaganvalley. GENERAL SETTING
Settlementsare concentratedalong the west coast,
and along main communication lines. Meulaboh and Physiography
Takengon are the main centres. The interior areas Over alt parts of the Quadrangle, except the SW
are at presentlosing population,but a few concentra- and extreme NE, the terrain is forestedand rugged'
tions still exist, notably Lumut, Isak, Pameueand and forms the axial zone of the Barisan Mountain
Blangpuuk(Betung). Employmentis largelydependent Range which runs the length of Sumatra; in this area
on agrioulture throughout the region, with important altitudescommonly attain between2000 and 3000m'
turpentinepine plantationsmainly in the Isak district. Resistant pre-Tertiary rocks orttcrop exclusively
The area is divided between 6 "kabupaten" in the Barisan Mountains, though large areas of the
(administrative regions). Much of the SW and W mountains are also underlain by block-faultedolder-
sector is in Aceh Barat and administeredfrom Tertiary formations,which resultin lessdramaticrelief'
Meulaboh. The upper Geumpangvalley ln trle"'Swts Scarpand dip-slopefeaturesare well developedin the
in Aoeh Pidie, administeredfrom Sigli. The northern older Tertiary rocks and also in the more reslstant
strip is in Aceh Utara, administeredfrom Bireuen. younger Tertiarv sandstones.
Much of the easternstrip is in Aceh Timur, administered 1'o the NE, the mountainsare flanked.by the
from Langsa. The SE corner is in Aceh Tenggara E,astCoastFoothills,which rarelyexceeda few hundred
administered from Blangkejeren. F'inally the central
metres, and are composedof folded' soft, younger-
sector forms Aceh Tengah kabupaten, administered
Tertiary secliments. Coastal alluvium occupies the
from Takengon. All these kabupatenbelong to the extremeNE corner of the Quadrangle'
SpecialProvinceof Aceh, governedfrom Banda Aceh. The BarisanMountainsare terminatedin the SW
Part of the southern edge in addition lies within the by the major westwards'throwing Anu-Batee Fault
Loser National Park. (Fig. 2) whose scarp definesthe easternedge of the
More detailed infbrntation on accessto individual MeulabohEmbayment(Fig' l). The Embaymentis an
areasis containedin the GeologicalSubareaReports extensivecoastalplain of very low relief, occupiedby
(Bibliography B). Plio-Pleistocenesediments; it rarelyexoeedsl00m above
sealevel.
Previous Work Complex volcanic landforms showing varying
Reconnaissance geological work carried out over degrees of erosion are developed,notably around
parts of the quadrangle in the early part of this Takengon; where also there are extensive spreadsof
century is describedby Oppennoorth &Zwierzycki valley-infilling alluvium now undergoingrapid gullying
(1918), Hoen (1922), Taverne (1924), Jansenet al. and canyonJike erosion. Laut Tawar owes its origin
(1922), and Bemmelen (1932). Bemmelen (1970) to the blockage of the former Peusanganvalley by
presentsa full summary of this early work. Geomor- lahars from G. Nama Salah, though it may also have
phological aspects of this Quadrangleare included in been.deepenedby grabenfaults. Verstappen(1973)
Verstappen's(1973) regional study of Sumatra,and discussesthe detailed evolution of terracesand river
the Tertiary geologyin Keat's (1980) study. Between coursesin this area. The extinct volcanoG. Geureudong
1970 and 1973, a reconnaissance geochemicaland (2855m) forms a prominent topographic feature to
mineral exploration survey was carried out by P.T. the north of Takengon.
Aceh Minerals in Sumatra Block 3, which includesthat ln the Barisan Mountains, drainageis immature'
part of the Takengon Quadrangle east of 97o08'E deeply incised and dendritic on the grossscale,though
and south of 4o25'N (Helkampf & Nagashima1973). it is extensively influenced by both structure and
There is accompanyingSLAR imagery. lithology, notably along the lines of NW-SE fauiting
ln the early 1970s, detailed information associatedwith the Sumatra Fault System(SFS) which
pertaining to the Tertiary stratigraphybegan to become axially bisects the Quadrangle(Fig. 2). These faults
available from work by various oi1 and gas companies have been extensiveiy expioited by rlvers and
(Kamili & Naim, 1973, Graves& Weegar 1973' Adl' have resultedin prominent topographicbreaks.Graben'
 ?
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like depressionsfilled with young alluvium are present, by pre-Tertiaryrocks, the remnantsof a Late Mesozoic
notably at Geumpang(180 539). mobile beit, which originated in a marginal basin/
In the East Coast Foothills, drainage is super- volcanic arc setting at the western edge of the Sunda-
posed, and frequently cuts across the trend of the land continental plate. The history of the marginal
younger Tertiary sedimentsbefore meanderingacross basin may have been similar to that of the present
the coastal plain to the Strait of Malacca. The larger Andaman Sea.
rivers crossing the Meulaboh Embayment meandet
GEOLOGY
slightly but are being rejuvenated following recent
named
regionaluplift. The small riversin their headwaterstend Fig. 2 is a simplified geologicalmap' showing
(inset)
to be stronglyrejuvenated. structurai and Tertiary palaeotopographic
The volcanic areas show well-developed radial features.
drainagepatterns. Limited recent volcanic activity,
mainly characterisedby lahars, surrounds G. Burnr Nomenclature
Telong(258 522). A lithostratigraphic nomenclature is used here'
There is evidenceof a long history of uplift. following the recomenclationsof the IUGS (Hedberg
a/'
Gently dipping early to Middle Miocenesedimentscap tOZ6) and London GeologicalSociety(Holland er
the summit of G. Lembu (3042m Fig. l). An 1978)Commissions.The hierarchical terms for bedded
extensivesdmmit plateau at about 2000m is widely volcano sedimentary units are SUPERGROTJP>
(lndividual Beds
developed in the Barisans,the higher peaks rising as GROUP>FORMATION>ME'MBIIR'
monadnocks from the surface. Summits decline to could not be defined on availabledata). For entirely
1000-1600m in the NW & E. Uplift continuesat volcanic units, an additional distinction is made
present, marked by a progradingcoastlineand by between young non-bedded units retaining'Xoriginal
'X
raised coral reefs at Meulaboh. Prominent terracesets volcaniclandfornls,termecl,e.g. Volcanics', Tuffs'
'A Unit', 'B Unit' etc', and older
are presentalong the rnainrivers. and divided into
stratiform sequenceswith erosionallandforms, termed
'X Volcanic Formation'. Lithological qualifiers are
RegionalTectonic Setting
used only with units dominated by a singlerock-type;
Sumatra at present forms part of the Sundaland eg 'X Limestone Formation' consists dominantly of
continental plate, which includesmost of South-East limestones,whereas 'X Formation' is lithologically
Asia. Oceanic crust flooring the Indian Ocean, and varied.
belongingto the lndia Australia Plate, is being sub- Though availabledata are felt sufficient to allow
ducted at a Benioff Zone along the western margin of the proposal of formal lithostratigraphic units, the
the Sundalandplate, marked by the Sunda Trench off reconnaissance nature of the present project, together
the west coast of Sumatra (Curray et al. 1979). Magma with the inaccessibility of the terrain, discontinuous
generationassociatedwith this subduction has given exposures,etc. have so far prevented the designation
rise to the Tertiary- to-Recent NW-SE Sumatran of measured type-sections. Only type-areasor type'
volcanic arc, which dominates Sumatran geology and
localities can therefore be given here for the various
forms the north-western extension of the Sunda
new Formations and Members proposed.
volcanic arc of Java and adjacent islands. Stresses
'supergroup' is used in a lateral rather
resulting from the oblique approachand subduction of Note that
the incoming oceanic crust have been released than vertical sense,ie. for combininglaterally equivalent
periodically by dextral fault movements parallel to Groups from adjacent sedimentary basins rather than
the plate margin (Fitch 1972). These have resulted several Groups in a single vertical succession.This
in the major Sumatran Fault System /SFSi, which seems consistent with Hedberg (1976 p. 34) who
links further north with a seriesof transform faults in merely states that "supergroup may be used for several
the Andaman Sea. There is little doubt that subduction associated Groups".
has been taking place intermittently since the Late Note also the differencesin size and extent of
Permian, though at times the plate margin has been the pre-Tertiary and lertiary Groups: the pre'Tertiary
essentiallyconservative. Groups span one or more Periodsand are separatedby
The present Quadrangiestraddles the Sumatran episodesof regional deformation, whereasthose of the
volcanic arc and inEludes parts of the Cainozoic fore- Tertiary spall no more than one Epoch and belong to
is a
arc and back-arc basins associatedwith it. Several one effectively continuous episode. This difference
normal consequence of greater knowledge of the
strands of the Sumatran Fault System cross the area.
Tertiary strata, and again remains consistent with the
Large areas of the Quadra4glehowever are underlain
 IUGS recomendations' The pre-Tertiary'Groups' may show
strong affinities with the western succession.
ultimately become 'supergroLrps'if finer subdivisions Detailsof the individualunits aregivenin Table2.
of thesestrataoan be established.
The easternand westernwoyla sucoession are taken to
by the Geumpang Line ancl Anu'Batee
Pre-Tertiary Succession ltr,,i:.ottttto
Three'pre-TertiaryGroups are reoognised. The
Late PalaeozoicTapanuli Group is representedin this Tertiary Succession
Quadrangleby the argillitesand arenitesof the Kluet
A major unconfonxity separates the pre-Tertiary
Formation, which have suffered both low-graderegional
and Tertiary strata.
and, locally, higher grade dynamo-thermalmetamor_
Tertiary sedimentationin northern Sumatrawas
phism. The succeedingLate permian-LateTnassrc
complex;severalsedimentarybasinsexistedat different
Peusangan Group consists mainly of interbedded
tlmes, separatedby the Barisansor by intervening
fossiliferous limestones and mafic volcanics which 'highs',
while further 'sub-basins',.deeps' etc are
representa palaeovolcanic arc-fringing reel'environment. recognised
in some of the individual basins. Varied
It has been considerablydisruptedby thrustingalong
successions of equivalentage were depositedin these
the Tertiary TakengonUne anrl its detailed successlon
dift'erent basins. Following Keats (198l) and other
is poorly known.
previous aocounts, Group, F'ormation..and Member
The Late Jurassio-Early Cretaoeous llovla Group names
here are speoificto the succession in a single
occupiesa broad NW-SE strip in tlie centre of the
basin. Using the major Tertiary events, therefore,
Quadrangle.It has yielded only a patchy faunaowing 'lateral
three Supergroups',Tertiary l, ll, and lll have
to subsequentdisruption and nletatnorphismbut this
also been erected,valid over all of northern Sumatra;
was sufficlent, when coupled with rejional data, to
these are used on Fig. 2 to facilitatecomprisonwith
fix the age. Two successions rre readily distinguished tlre Figs. in other
reports in this series.Tertiary I
in the NW, separatedmainly by the later thrusts
comprisesthe ?Eoceneto Early Oligocenesuccessron,
of the Geumpang Line (Fig.2). The western suc-
depositedin a singlebasinwith linritsas yet undelinecl,
cessionconsistsof low-grademetavolcanicsand recrys_
and is separatedby a strong break from the l_ate
tallised limestoneswhich, like the older peusanpan
(iroLrpstrata,are believedto represer)t Oligocene to (on this sheet) Late (N I6) Miocene
a palaeovolclinic Tertiary II 'supergroup'.
arc-lringing reef environnrent. The nrore easterly The boundary between
Tertiary II and the post-Nl6 (Late Mit>cene)Tertiary
succession,NIj of the Ceumpang Line, is complex,
lll is trar-rsitional
and diachronous, ularking the zenith
frequently severelytectonised,and associated spatially ol a nla1ormarine
with serpentinites.A lower sequenceof metabasalts. transgression; Tertiary II is trans-
gressiveand Tertiary lll regressive.The nomenclature
red ohert,and silicified(nrostlyvolcanogenic) sedimelts o1'the successions
is cut by ntinor gabbrosand overlain by an upper in the threebasinsrepresented within
this Qurdrangleis summarised in Table 3.
sequenceof slates, rnetavolcanicsand volcanoqenir;
For the succession in the North Sumatra Basrn
m et i i s e r l i l n tesn
this account uses the stratigraphyalready established
This easternWoyla succession is bejievedto have (Kanrili
et al. 19j6. Hartoyo et al. l97g) wirh two
formed in associationwith the generationo1.oceanic
excepti0ns:
c l u s t a t a b o u t t h e b e g i n n i n go f ' t h e C r e t a c e o upse r i o d .
(r) Sandy and calcareousfaciesassociatedwith
The oceaniccrust and overlyingsedimentswere then
the Barly to Middle Miocene part ol' the Tertiary Il
rncorporatedinto the continehtalmargin as ophiolitic
transgressionwere formerly referred to as Belumai
rnaterialduling a Late Mesozoicdefirrrnationepisode.
Formation; here, however, all sedimentaryfacies
The easternWoyla Croup. lherefore.brrth inclujes and sf
this age are termed Peutu Formation. Argillaceous
is underlain by portions of a diunembered Late
faciesare relerredto the main formation,anciall other
Mesozoicophiolite. Sorne of the ophiolitic material
faciesare given memberstatus. (The former Belumai
was later remobilisedancl tecttrnicallyenrplacedin rne
Formation therefore becomes the Belumai Member of
Tertiary,givingthe associated serpentinites. the Peutu F'ormatbn).
The affinitiesof the largeareasof Woyla Group
I- and NE of the southgrnsection of the Anu-Batee b) The name Parapat Formation has previously
Fault are more problematical. The large area shown been given to all sandstonesoutside
the arei of the
as Muw (undifferentiated Woyla Group) is believedto Belumai Formation outcrop which were believedto
be
belong to the eastern,ophiolite-relatedsuccession.The basal Tertiary. Fieldwork has
now shown that two sets
Size Limestone and volcanic formations further NE of sandstones are present, one
related to the basal
 Table 2. Details of pre-Tertiary metasedimentarysuccession:Takengon Quadrangle

Lirholos! lo$il contnt)

Including
(hdtrrdud ourcrops des.rbed sprrarel)

.lords occur Posible lnvolved in ceumpang Line

IEUNOM Mu l l Bedded (Nlurlr lo reelal (ltut!) Lmciloncs
iuuns r'd,tu Cyllamnrnac sp.
I IMESTONI nr F,r 'ecr!ilallis.d and dolonirbed.

4: (ick
br..cus. b!silts. grce's.hrLs Mull P,\,,1\ til, qf Icr sp!'adic rcd dtillsilc!
>? CUM! FMN' Melav.lcanics.
jl rn ll,Jr Pr,hrhl\ iil!Liv&l In Ceuil'p!ng l-inc
6 Dh\ !lrtcs. Deli!treskr[\
rhruns rnC nu\ b.l,,n8 Lil t!rl t,' Mug (lable 4l
l'tcr',rcJrJLc ,Lettrtull\ Jnd nrrr\ "

I ird,! Ps.rd\ii).Iriln]] Du
SISLI,IIILSTONI Rc.ri1 I n)xsrvc) b b.ddcd rc.i, ilallscd
(i,rdt \1,frl !rlr.r !r \l\n,ir({r sth
FI I N '
(1944lll
(ii.r[ r,!n,i nr rl,,]1 \ ,'('.rrrtrn!
JLLJMPA\C I:MN' Mchhr)csr.ncs nr n)arf lc\r"

q:LIVPANC tsT1Ni (,il \e irrr,ll.\. fr t,!i1lxrd.J Vrn,,'

pf! |r(\ & Di.r sthrl\ Nl\l,n'rf.
brL,ril.Lrrrd \ r . r u , , l ' 1\ . f $ r r r ( l 0 t )
sl)5)i39

iAL|trltM l:MN1 .n l1 slrrcs!n\t cq'rrnr!rrt:JL\'!

\6nt()_

0 l08irge pr)brhlt a ntr\D!n) u

BALI I:MN'

\L.rL\. rr , ilr.Lrs&k.\ rltrIr\. nr

LL'rr\r,{ .\ & rrrrlrlr'irc\rrir. h,...rtr

I'l,N4l{lrV I MNr llrs.rlr\'fl,fcrl\.rr!rllire\.il)fr,rv

wilh jerncnrnilc\ ilu\r' I Lhl! ir
Quxd.rnsle. ss,.u1.d
Nlil
&rrnrcd 1,) bc uildcntrnr bt lrlc Nl.\'/r{.
"lhr'lr''
'Itrun gr..ftrh I hlurii 'h.rt'
l(rLtir.s. rrrr!nv. wlilrdr.

s.0il iil ll'rl nily dls, bc[!]8 l,i l,trdr(r'n

N l . s \ r v cd , t r r l \ r f J J N | , f . , ! i . tr.il
r r J , n r L r rr l U r \ . L t i , { . J r 8 r l h t r \ . (

rdr h.hrhli ril'lrdc\ r,'.r\ lr 'ilr Vu!

Iirt rr r(Jrrlr l,' rrilk r f r r . N , , ( . t rr r ! . . L . r l ( I\uly.known

, [rrt. r'rrc r , r d r , . , ' r . , r r t {i r i Mub & M!p lltrnlrl!ft rn(t Movr rlrPrllurt OuJ.lrrrrglrl

Visi\r iltr rrLfrrr.(inr\ ,f

r. i'i
hrndcn rlr s & n rrc.i

lrNt,tNtiNIt SLrr.\. irli,,'Ll"r1. r)rrrltrji.sl,!ir\,,r \I.'rc tr, h,'\l\ ' l \ 'L. r'J r ' . r .l . . ..\ 'r "'
iii.rtL.... Llr.L \,i.trn!\ lc[ 0tilllNd

= Nt ! In.Jl.LliNll L)r.,,"r$rv.'r!r.,
rr.\1,!rr.,tr rr,ilblf\ $Lrf rrii,tr
(MPrJrfrrr.l s$iled l. .vcdr. Pll ' ,rrJ,,:rrtrhr "!L . ir.'.

: ,frfl(\ rrLi {,r,\ ii '' ir

3
c
Nlfl Ph!lhr.\ & dr\\rve Nlrvol.xn.sl5. 4(' \{Pl
f'srh,' F":

lhrili le.l,inr.! /, ./'rr {Sr![ri] : .,. \ar'i:rrnnL,'rdc!

slItJlLI MI'J t\ Iteddril rL) nilsL!.,c\'\\rrll^cd lr'rc!Lnr(

5 I tNILSIONI & rur),r nlerrncdrlc v,ii.rni.sr3. Ll rt tInnnv,nul] !l nr.sL!Jirsr.r

I\f -:, .r . -
L:r\ -r.rJ,l
:. i \.'!\rhsn
\rnu,tri, Pi'r1ilvhr I,
I : MN I
't M1$rvf '..rlin ls.d !irr\lLr'c\ Lt lcnrir $.
(itr31 Ih..,\r)tLr,r :

E
1N.rllril8 J i,. . i !\.bl\ rullrrcrur
st M8l:l\c Nfl'\ Mr$ve Jr,Jl\rrllhfil lrnr\r,,il.\
\. \rirnicrl\r-6. L
ts\{N' D.rJ!rrrl/

LtttlN Mnil
t . l M l t sI 0 N l

Sh10s. thtLIlc. nnlry[1,!rs.ilrel twrl.rm8 nru!(ures Ln melArLrit n.J f rn.n\ In"qn

KII IJI I]MNi
qilrr(/,,s( rrorncr54 b- , "(;Idi.r f
rl ) Ii)r'rrn,n

&!,ily Inowil 4re3 Wa.les Ielsie r' lh. SOllOk(,N

l'htLL(r\ ir.lrIre!1,]rir nrelJqurl/i\.
I OR\1A I lO\ ,,1 lzngjJ ircel
.rrcrirl.r. Ldgl,!ncrrlt ilieltr*nrrcs,, J,c

llrtrly kno$n !Ie! Rb Sr fothlon on l6 bllrr Jrr'!

IJL&[ irrcs. $b.rdilir. rrctxq!r'l/osc MPr
grves rgc ll5 I 90 mrnrirbl sr8?'86 lalr! 0'01 : 0004u
rrerrres & nreowrcke:40. 6r'

Ph! lLlc\. !rh.rdrirle !reen nrcl!

MPl
o ; J
Ou!il2il*('r. dl.t niles59. MPul

n,ereonslontrfu l{, ph)lLcs

&verely 13trened clArs 'n quanzil*
Qurd2,ks,

NlAsiv. nELhnr$r.n$5
vallev (Medan Quaddtglerll.ridi Pea .fnn 1960)

Brorirc.glnrdr!llharire \rfii\t\. h!)lile

KI-UIT
lioril.l\es. l''wrrh ..nllcnrel. quril/i1cs
tsTIN'
scdt,ilrreb.!nng .!l.iili!are (,eIr.
(NlLTA
!,bo'dr,ar. nurhles & unthlbolires (rt
MOPlIOSED)
h' peEnratrres and gncts!^c b!n1le.8drneli
!eni\ of loumalire pernrrtrer54,7l.b.c.

Bi)uk-8dind :J!ils & gmsse!, phlosoPirt tusunEd r! le *ilhrn lnc"r au.e.t tf }Ibqad'
S OrnS milblesIrre nnphrblhcs/o n r'

{l u n n s p r o p l s e dh e r l o r d r e n ^ r u n f hphrxron .i symbol r{ t[rs & \uh\e!!ent Tahl$ nnl)w: BlbltugraFhy

 9

Table 3. outline corfelation of rertiary successions:Takengon

euadrangle

GROI-IPS(and Formations included)

Basin
Age West of GL
-f-
East of Geumpang Line

Supergroup W. Aceh Basin W. SumatraBasin N. Sumatra Basin

I
I

Pleistocene TERTIARYIII No name for group (QTt only) LHOKSEUKON

GROUP
Pliocene
o
(Tuk,Tps,Q!r)
Basinsno longer separate
bo
o

I-ate Miocene
zenith of marine Conformable Cop ft-rnnlble
transgression o

Middle Miouene HULU MASEN

I GADrs JAMBO AYE
TERTIARY GROUP GROUP
"il GROT]P
Early Miocene
(Tmkt,Tlt) (Tmm, Tll)
t: (Tob,Tlsp,Tlr, Tlb,
maior Break Unconfilrmable T m p ,T m b )
[-ate Oligocene
with teotonismand MEUREUDU GROUP
uplift (Tlsm, Tlk, Tls, Tlm)
Early Oligocene
?Eocene

TERTIARYI (basinmarginsundefined)

SeeTable 4 for detailsand nomenclatureof individuai units

NB. Actual boundariesare diachronous(Keats 1981) and so are not strictly horizontal.

transgressionin the Late Oligocene,the other associated Daslnsare uncertainand,

moreover,changedwith time;
with an llarly to Middle Miocene transgression.Palaer:n- they are not therefore shown.
The edge of the Sigli_
tologicalwork on the type ParapatFormation (Parapat SeunalanHigh was the E,W
CeureuggangFault.
area,Sidikalang Quadrangle)suggeststhat this formation Detailsof the individualunits are givenin Table 4.
is associatedwith the later transgression.The name Note that the GeumpangLine is
usedon the l:250,000
Bruksah Formation has therefore been adoptedfor the rnap and on Fig. 2 to separateboth the
Tertiarv and the
sandstonesassociatedwith the earlier,Late Oligocene, pre-TertiaryWoyla Group into tastern' and .western'
transgression,to avoid confusion. successions.The slightly difltrent basisfor choosingthis
A simplified correlation between the successrons same line should be noted: for the Woyla Croup, the
in thesethree basinsis given in Table 3. Fig.2 show's Geumpang Line is a purely tectonic breakalong which
the approximate positions of the basins, together with two successionsof somewhat different origin were
the relatively well-definedpresent-dayboundary between juxtaposed;for the Tertiary, the Line has equal tectonrc
the thick, rnain basinaland thin, marginalsequenceof significance,but also marks the axis r:f the palaeotopo_
the North Sumatra.Sasin(which marks the steepedgeof graphic high (the BarisanDivide) separatingihe original
the former Jawa Deep). The actual edgesof all three basinsof deposition:
IO

Quaternary Succession Structure& metamorPhism

Much of this area was undergoingerosion during F i g . 2 s h o w s t h e n ) a i n n r n t e : s t : u ; ; u : l l i e a l u r e so f

the Quaternary and sedin-rents of this age are therefore the Quadrangle.
poorly developed,except in the MeulabohEmbayment'
Pre-Tertiary defttrmati,.tnattJ metatn,'rphitttl
Detailsare given in Table 4.
Neither the local nor r€uurn3l sIluatures
Igneous rocks controllingthe distributionof the pre-TeItlaDuntts are
well understood. The more argillaceous nletasediments
Volcanic ntcks of the Late Palaeozoic Kluet Formation are kno*n to
Two tnaior centresof Plio-Pleistocene volcanicity be tightly to isoclinallyfolded,usuallyon NW SE axes
are present. The Geureudong volcano in the north- with associated axial planarcleavageand rarer fracture
cential part of the Qurdrangleis one of the largest cleavage,crenulationcleavage, kink bands,and s)'ntec-
accunruhtionsof intermecliatevolcanics in northern tonic shears. This deformationpre-datedthe deposr-
Surnatra. Volcanicityt:omnrenced in the latestMiocene tion of the Peusangan GrouP.
and ltas continued(on (i. Burni Telong) to the present' The poorly-exposedschistsand gneissesof the
Detailed relrtionshipsol' the oltler units,both to one Rikit Gaib district (308 455) are associated with small
anotlrer and to tl're underlying attti/or interdigitating conoordant bodies of gneissosegarnetiferousgranites.
sedinrents to ihe north, are complex.and the presentmap On tlre Medan and other Quadrangles to tlle SE,rather
represents only a first approximatiort' better exposureooupled with deeperlevelsof erosion
The secondItrajorcentre. Peut Sague,in the NW show tlrat these metamorphics surround NW SE
corner of the Quadrangle(Fig. l) has had a similar elongatedsublineargranitoidswith gneissose to foliated
prolongedhistory, though it is rather sntaller in scale rnargins,the granitoidscontain parallelzones of sub-
and activity ltas beenrnlirrly restrictedto a singlecentre. vertical syninttusionalmylonites ancl cataclasitesand
Four episodeso1' Tertiary volcanic activity are are horizontallyslickensided.The narrow metantorphic
r e p r e s e n t :e c l ? B o c c n e t o B a r l y O l i g o c e n e , L a t e envelopes separate the granitoids from slate-grade
Oligoceneto lrarly Miocene, Middle to Late Miocene, country-rocks. Only one major phaseof regional
and very locally in the Early to Middle Miocene. deformationhas been identified and ntinor structures
WitlespreadLete Jurassicto larly Cretaceousvolcanics are rarely
in the somewhattnassiveschistsand gneisses
are present and earlier, probably. Late Perrniln,
clear. The attitude and synintrusionalnature ot the
volcrnicity was also important. Detailsof the individual suggestthat the granitoids
mylonites and cataclasites
extrusiveunits aPPearin Table 5'
and their envelopeswere generatedat depth llong
Intrusive rocks major subverticalsltear zones, presutnabll b1 inlense
frictional heating. Some l0 l5 km oi upliit. given
lntrusive rocks are well developed in tlie
a 30 2OoC/km geothermalgradient at the trme ol'
Quadrangle,but their tentative ages are as yet uncon-
mylonitisation,is requiretlto cxpuse tlte:e rocks at
lirmed by radiometricmctsr.lrelrlents.Dykes, rnainly
the surface.
of Pleistoceneage, are present in the west. Tertiary
T h e S e r b a j a d iB a t h o l i t h ( F i g l ) a l s o h a s a
ifitrusive activity appearsto have been linlited to the
marginal schist/gneiss zone which separalesit irom
Middle Miosene and Late Oligocene,though ultramafic
slate-grade Kluet Formation. But though ttreBatholith
rocks (derived by rernobilisationol' underlyingLate
is elongateNW-SE it does not seenr to contaln
Mesozoio ophiolite) were tectonically enrplaced along
synintrusional mylonites. Herethe aureoleis considered
thrusts ancl faults, rnainly at the beginning of the
to representan attentuated cap oi catazonalrocks
Pliocene.
pushedaheadof the diapiricallvrisinl pluton.
More widespreadintrusive activity accompanied
end-Late Cretaceousdeformation. Most of the The massivelimestonesand volcanicsof the Late
intrusivesare thought to be Late Cretaceousbut some Permianto Late Triassic PeusansanGroup are less
rnay includePalaeocene rocks. The dominantlitholory deformed;normally they are merelr, fractured and,
is granodiorite,but small amounts of gabbro and in the case of the limestones. recrrstallised. During
peculiar diopside-dioriteand diopsidite are present. the formation of the Takengon Line (Fig. 2) in the
Severalother intlusives,all predominantlygranitic, Tertiary, these rocks slid into place as kilometre sized
were associatedwith a ?Middle Permian deformation blocks above glide planes within highly deformed
episode. They commonly have well-developed contact Tertiary strata, Loca-lly, schistosebasaltshave been
aureoles, observedin these thrust planes.
Details of all the intrusives appear in Table 6' The Late Jurassic-EarlyCretaceousWoyia Group
 12

Table 5. Details of extrusiveunits, Takengoneuadrangle

UNl t/CEd'TRE/ Overlairr

Syinbol Iype
Lilhol0gies Underlain
FORMATlON arca
( in lvpe rrcu unless other outcfup specified by by No!es

Alluviunl Qhv u Kr Pcusangrn Holocene

Reworked an(lesiiie & dacilic iihars c. l00nr lhick. Derived ironr C. CeureudonS
Qvns
Peuet Sague Qvps P. Sague crldera Holocene liornblcnde ajldcsites & pyroclastics.
Qvftk Defined phologeologicrlly; parrsitic cone
I
Lhit (]00 s40)
within crJdera: ninor hva llow reported in

C
-, Illeukeub unil Ovnlk N. of C Keu- Andcsiric pyfoclasti! flows & ashesl2
QTvi Qvp5
19:l I.hot spriilgs/lirnra(tes occur.
Probably ilssocialed wjth fonnation of peucr
( 1 9 is 0 9 ) Sague caldcra.
l
Meunloi unit Qvnr A. illeune)i(B) Pieisl0cene ,\. dgc tl nat rndesjric pyn)clistics4.l
Qvs Probably erosional products from northenl
Santahnga Qvs upperKr. Sanra- P. Sague craler.
Altdesitic pvroclasriq544. 73
u n it lang?11055.18) QTvl Qvrnk Mrin phrse of volcrno, whjch grew on
f
Leuping unit OTvI upper exrsunts.topogr!phio ridge.
Plio- StrurglL prupl,i rrc I d rll. ified lrJe\rr,-
Kr. Leuplng Trnpp Qvs P"'rl\.knuwn drea.4ppm AL
Pleislocene volcanics and nrinor hypabyssalsTE l.ppm Ag In
(:04 53?) tlurt irurn Kr. Srpupuk.

M E U GE U R I N C E N O Qvne Kr. l\leugcurin-

VOLCANICS o e n g( 1 9 45 1 4 ) Thn possiblyfissure
Definedphotogeologicall),.
eruplions.
G. TIJI,AGOCI'NTRE O v t r l.l5 .195
Pvroclailics !nd lahars.i4. 35 Tmpi Qh Cmp)* doublecenrre,probablyjn part
I G. TUDEUK CENTRE Qvrd C. Tudeuk(Bl Pleistocene
Imb
Tclong unll Q!rg Burni Telong Holocene f .,n! eurt(riloe\i,cr rnr Jr.r.c:.
(:58 5:7) (part) l\ ro!lt\ltL , Qvp Laiaru 9 i0m thick. pftrninent
ranars on sorlh 0ank composcd dome
of and:sirc
boul(lers in punrice,l6.t (l8llm). Crumbied lavr doilres. Explosion
craters. Sumnljl fumafttcs. Lrst reported
F Q"l uDpcrKr. Lam- PIeist)cenc active l9ll7
Ihmiceous andesitic flowst
unit pdan ( lss 5t( ldrars on W flankaq
Quec Q!ts lnhail inierdigila!e wjrh
U ilrnil Srlah evDs lahars; hoi
Qvns C- I'anu Salah Plcistocene Pulnjce('us rndesiles & sprjngs nr. lrntpdrrn
I unit drcitesi flankirs lahrrs
c57 515) & pyr)claslics in parr air,fle1146
Tlb Qh" Lriars dammed Kr. peusangan formine
c
a
) Pepanji unjt
lvp G. PepanJi Plcistocene
but Tawar.t Dissecled crare6.
No hol springs.
& l! u , . , J s l r . . :e \ l c n \ t v , l r l . J \ u , ,
t:6-15:8) .{ndesr's Qrec Q'1c
* Enong
unll
Enag lvee I(r Enong- Pleisbccne llunrblcnde lrJcrircs;
Enang f) r,,rlnsrr!\ rlrr(l
f requrled llrnlirrg JJ}rrs:1. J6 5o. QTvtu Qvp NlJjn phrse nf vol(anu. tleep
(]48 5,10) s(,it prufrles.
flrsscJrcd . rarei Ll.l Larls. \uilri.ilr
Tuan ilnil )Tvru lulnrrules
G . T u a n( S r l * ) Plio- rnd ItJnLjng hor \pnn!\.
Andcsltjc pyroelsrics. pjrrly 3OO nr rhre[.
llTl 5.18) rcworkedt InDor
rlyprDy$rl mjc()diorjres Qvee Pilnly krown arcr; deeply
od rndesites:1, 59 djssecled flanks;
rnrerdlgrrrts wjth
QTjr: activily comJn€rced
Qvsb S[ of C. Sern. Pleislocenc
wrul Oeposjrion of Trk
CINTRE burng l MPn Explosion criler & flow (defin€d
1 3 r 65 r : ) photo.
geologjcally ).
(.ALANC
fnrvc Calang area (C)
VOLCAN]C F\,1N Middle to
Kr. Cryid tuffs.
Lite Miocene lnte.bedded r|yo.
d,l'u4ql:i.
actres, pyrolene xndesjtes Tlt (urc)
{?) & brsals QTt(unc)
llnucrrng l u W ' . r t d j . , i n e J J r e r& v , 1 { l i l . . t J ! Tmk
ilc sedjntcnts: silme (uno)
lrupvltusrti,nJg
AKUL VOLCANJ( Tlvr S. of Akul txrly l!{ioccnc
FMN (291 116)
:lili"iliii, vo,ci,,c,as,ic
llliil;.1:ii:Tjt:*:.. I I (ib) lmp!(mc)
BRAWAN IIvbr B- Brrwan i l r , c l l c l d e o _ u rr rtp e rr r . \ s . . , . . J , "udi l r ,
voLc,lNtC t rrN tarl]' Miocene
, ,,:,,,_.,,,. rnoe,rre\.
1:65 .+90i ;r-p- J, ;l l - r # l u m e r t l e \ : r { ! t , , i l r e r r r e&. Tlr (ibl
o r " p 1l r r r . r r i o r , : , , r l . u t r r r Trnpi(uncl lnterbeddedwilh uppe.
Tlf.
VOL'ANIC
Tlvs Kr. $pi(F)
| Lar" Origu.ene
J !afly Ntiocene ....,-,,..q J,,d,r( frun(unc)
E\a\ & nviu(lJ\,r,(.",.1,. M u r n . p h r sper u b r b i yp r € . J a r e s
Iivm W.Sene 1efl(U) T l J i\ e e
Lale Oligoccne- lapaktuan euadrangle reporr.
iri-^ fersr' 'n'""'**--
l-rrly .|iocene Puk(unc) flr
;, "
":,:'J':."
U]\lPANG F]!1N Mug Ceunpan! I-ale Jurassic- -
Eady ( reraccou: f' tL rrcal9 ilrernetlure
I l3 I 5i..11 n.etrvul.dnrc\.
n . n u . . r d ' e s& ; ; ; " , ; ; . , ' ; " : " ' '
Nft,j nm(unc)
^r K?ilengeuct Jistttrt Bandedamphibolitefloar
T jnrerm.,t,"," in Kr. Ceunrpan".
n'",',r."ni., g,".n,",.," Mub
:'11',j;:i"":.i:,,!.,n" Tibs(uncJ Locaiiy severedeformationj
p,,r,,r(r. yrrcs. stretched
metrlilnestunes
& ,n,.hl.
nteraLlasric
rocks. T.rlLschtsrdt:05 j0.
;,j;::;',1,
:,i:,lliil:.:"1":"*1.'.'l,;:
!,uu,,'c rcltsrsr tJJ(
s c l i l s t 5& h , , r n h t " " i -
tarnes1000pprn Nl.

l,;';"'""'"*$,b"jJ;;
; i::":iii:'-il.".,
(ENYARAN
IIuv!
/OLCANIC F!IN
( : 0 0{ 6 0 i
Lrte Jurassic-
H
Early Cretreeour p u ' p t , y , ' , ' . r " , n u r r cJ a h s r r c q w r l '
JIIUTUP F1\4N a Musl
MPsv N ol C. Kola- " ","J,1,,"
ptrak
H' " -
breccias
t:15 51,+) ilil-:i:1""J'#sbsartic &
Aa Ba1e.schisrosc rnerrb.rsrlr.{Q
^. )entctrt Z€,r(alt.
eptJortsellbrsalts& Puk (unc) M P s ir(b l
aggiomcrates,l!
rb(ts& superscriph
as irrr Trbk
Proposedhere for fte firsr
 13

Table 6. Details of Intrusive rocks: TakengonQuadrangle

Symbol Ace Lilhology Overlain

Cuts

Dtke-Swarm Qpds Manly I lnr baslric dykes, complex at col QIt NNW SSF and NE Sw srik€s prcdorilhare Mly
( 1 8 0s 0 s ) 508)39
T a n g s es e r p € n t h i t e Tusr Near Ceumpang Masive to sheared serpentinjr€ aft€r harzburgile
( I 68 544) Only SE end oi:7km lons body exposd on
she€r Ljesalons SFS
Cahop srFnrinil€ I(r Cahop Massive to shear€d rcrfnrinnes catrying
(205 507) A s s o c r a r e dw i r h ( ; . u r n p a n 8 L i i l e . Oilgrnalti
.u'roded buuldeB ut ru\strf€rous Tmps Lm€.
sloiles, a.d m€lasomaric
Sreen chalcedony,
dolomrle r{k. (hDsolile rern!: ldtcn$ rhsr

Tubt A Beatang l e c t o n r c m e l a n S eo f s h e a r e d t o n a s j v e
(228 491) Qh At rnlersectinr ol 4 nraior t!uX tncs
srrnlniles. (;eumtrng Fornarion (Mus)
rock
and smndiorite blocks ot TMj a8e.

Varrahle rzed \hcareJ r,,nrds\rvc gpcn,rnilc.

Ass('crrled wrrh th.uils dnd hrtls rn Woyla
w r l h ' J , c r e h h a ' / h u ' g r r e sd n J
t)r,rcr rre.lq (,roupt ptu$ahl) pe|(trlrcaily gcncrared
lRrn
15.51 65 78
htc Mey,roic oph!irte.
IibDr NW ol Kr Eale lMrddle/tile OranrduiteS4
Mcuko (100 501) QI]

'lil
?Middle/h1e Porphyrilrc dxDle; mrc()grjnoduiles; mrnor In)ps lrpsi!ndh8 phrgi as!)er.tcd NW SL dykc swxrnr
(20250li h o r n l c l y s a n d n r e r a s o m r r r cr o c k s T 8 Q) Alluvi.l gold workuss rn area (libte 7).
W i d c s p r e a dp k ) p y h t 6 a t i o n .

Tid Enily/Mrddle hopyhrised dlxile54.7l

S n u l l s t , , c k s a l , ' n B t u r u B t a n s k e j e r c nf a u l r :
pn)bably relaled to TIva
ilreereubeu rntusion Tib J , a , ' , , J i u , i l c a n J d r u l r c . s r J e s p r c J dp r u p v l t b r
(ll9 I5kml area Defincd phonrgeoh8icaily. KnowD
5 4 tr
lrom lloat only Hls acco,npanyng mirer!tred
homlelses and skarns.
i*!neung intrusion TMib Kr. Beuneng FineSrained lo ilrediumAiarned djrty.. hoin Mugm (trily seen as noal
(r85 Ink Mineratietion knowD in irr!
blendeihlde-Fudrcri1e M a r g n r a ts i t ' c i f i-

tM,bs Kr. Baso Bntriie 8ranodiodle; early hornblende nela MuvS Known maxily lrom,lolr.
( 2 1 05 0 7 ) drxrte and gabbro phase78.
Ailuviat 8(ild
worktrBs 0n sW iank.
LL. 9ukeun complex IMigs Majnly xenoljrhic dnniles on lhb sheer; r)me Muj Mant {)utcn)p on Band! Acch shc!
whrt p()pylilhed l9
yumayam 'I)tly
coD'pler TMinl S cdgc ,n Sheet granodn)nles and dnrires, minor
(146 444) Rxsibly in pail.ub llvs: nrah oul.rJp (,n
pesmariles, meladroates od granlesTl
Iap!ktuaD Quadransle.
Un-n!med intrusives TMi ManJy homb16nde,bioritearanodiorites;
propylitic nller.!on.
Jamur h$n8 Fbbrc Mij W C Janrurprsang Allercd pyrirrc gabb(r. Mub I ltrrl sru!k
cl5 501)

Mtr lFlrdy bk Medium?ramcd d!)psidc dn'irc (.omposed of

( 2 1 05 e ) Tmpb Uneeilah pet(,Ecnestt nuy Dor be ortho
urtually r()n frec clinopylJxene & Mdesine),
maSmatrc rSneous rockst also present ir
m a r S r n a lc h h r i t h e d p e 8 m r r i t j c . d j o p s i d r r c s , ;
K r . B a b a h r r ( T a p a k r u a n Q u u d r u n g t e ) ;a l s o
dininct niineral bandn1678.e
,ound s clails ir Tlsm. Foms socks
o.Jkml in area
MHbd upper Kr Biden Muscotrte Branitei !uailzrnuscovitetourmalin€
c66 510) glanite-F8na!lcs4b
SW ot Be'8an8 -
MPibS u"",'.r,"i'....,r,",r,,*,n**
1142 5311
I Ovee Deeply wea.hered. I5km2 in are!
I)ljn8 ganite Mhd! NW ol c. Daling Ctlor(Ned pink biotite-mucovite{ranire67
(]02 511) Tmpr Schhtos contact aureolc -t0knrl in rrea

MHds Altered bdireXran'rc cu(mg.didy' horn rmpd 30km2 in arca; dissnilnared pynte,
(-tg 460) blende dxtr'tes and rninor eady gabbro: 8ltcnr
and sphaledle, asocftled Mo g.ochenilcal
dlicilicd, propylitised, cut by dykes6l,c,w
d r a i n a S ea n o m a l i e s .
Mhl S edse Pailly chloririsd biolxe*ranite Mrh rhin Marn udL(rup,,n TJprlrual J,eet
(165 443) aplites5J,77.
Ruep sanjte Mh' Medium b coa6e Srained bioritc,mNcovite Tmpb Seen only in floa1. Schbkxe contacr aureole
] 12855-r0) 8ranite67.
$melt gnnil€ MPis€ NE of Semelir Homblende-8ranile46 tok Iob l5km2 in area. Conract aureole showsSneissrc
c34 sl.t)
mica-shisb and, 200m from contact, chiail(ue

$rbaj.di bathollh Mftsj Kr. Serbajadi Mahly iresh bjolileAranire. Subordinat€ Put Tmpr 275km2 in area (minly on bn8s, sheet).
G30 4rJ0) muscovxe€ran'tes, hornblcnde
Sranodio:iies, We$ern sector poorly-howni asumed lo
dioriles; aplire & ande$re dykes local
undedie metamorphosd Kluer Formalbn (puxr
marsinal snei$€s (unmapped)76,c.
in S Oreng. Eobable localird Tertiary phases.

Symboli. suFrscriprs as for Tables 2, 4

All nam€s of inrn^ivc! in rhfr Table are proposd here for lhe fi6r time
i4

shows a wide range ol structural styles and meta- synclines and basins. generally aligned \\\' SE. u\I rfl
morphic fabncs, dependirigon setting. lithology and horst blocks as remnantgently-tiltedsheetsunJerll Ing
subsequenttectonichistory. In general,structurestend the higher planation surfaces. StructurestenJ t., be
to be nrost complex within the easternWoyla Group, most complex in regionsoccupiedby the Wolla Group.
that is. over areasundertain or associatedwith the Although the overallstructuresare broad and resolvable
Late Mesozoic ophiolite. Here, even massive on the airphotosraphs.disturbed zones with dips of
volcanics and limestones have become schistose. 600 or more are common near maior faults: thus the
Structures generally strike NW- SE bu t transverse Geureuggang Overturn (Fig. 2) lies immediateli S of
structuresalso occur. Refolding has been observed. the Geureuggang Fault. The RamasanSyncline is a
Deformation and lnetamorphisntreaohed a vertically limbed box fold, and the Pirak Anticilne
maximum in the aoute angle between the Reungeut' a complex anticlinorium (Fig. 2).
Blangkeierenand Anu-BateeFaults, near their inter- Some ol the folding developed from the Late
section. It yielded coarsebancledrnarbles,hornblende Miocene in associationwith transcurrentand vertical
schists, rodded garnet arnphibolites(derived lrom faulting. The younger Tertiary in the NE of the
Sumatra Basin, was folded
interrnecliatepyroclastics) and mylonitised biotite- Quadrangle,within the N.
and uplifted prior to the main Pleistoceneeruptions
garnet-staurolite schists. lt seetttslikely that these
(see of the Geureudongvolcano. This folding is tightest
rocks, like the Rikit Gaib schists ancl gtteisses
closest to the Barisans.where it is sometimestoo
above)lie abovea shallowlyconcealetlpluton generated cornplex to be resolvedsatisfactorilyon thq airphoto-
by frictional heating along a rtrajortraitseurrentfault. graphs, but its intensity decreasesrapidly north-
Abrupt changes o1' tttetantorphicgrade alid narrow eastwards.The basicstructureappearsto be ntonoclinal
bands of intenselydefbrrnedgreenschists are thought (BaongMonoc|ne, f ig. 2), with a trend swinsingfrom
to be related to ihears, thougli some of theseschists NW-SE to E W between Kr. Peutu and Kr. Pase.
may be Tertiary. Diapirism involving the Peutu or, l)lore often, Baong
This defonnation,metamorphisnrand plutonism, F'ormation,was also important (seeLangsaQuadrrngle
accornpaniedby major thrusting along the Kla Line report).
is believed,on the basis of limitecl radiometricdata
Faulting
from further south (Hehuwat 1975), to have climaxed
in the Late Cretaceousand to represent a collisional The present-day topographyis stronglyinfluenced
orogeny. by four seismically ar:tive NW- SIr trending lauit
segnlentsbelonging to the Surnatran Fault System
TertiaD) delormatittn
(SFS), whioh axially bisects the island (Katili &
Hehuwat 1967,Tla 1977). The prinoipalsegment,the
The main phaseof foldingin the MeureuduGroup' Banda Aceh Anu F-ault, splits at Antr to form the
accompaniedby limited plutonism'is believed1:.huu' Anu-Batee and Reuengeuet'Blongkeieren l"aults (Fig. 2).
u..urr.,l in the Late Oligocene'sincethe foldedKieme A further splay, the Kla-Alas F-ault, Ieaves the
by Reuengeuet-Blangkejeren
Furmationis unconformablyoverlainin Kr' Kierne Fault at Blangpuuk; the
the Late Oligocene (N2-3) base of the Sipopok BlangkejerenDepression,part of which lies in the SE
due in oornerof this Quadrangle lies betweenthesetwo faults.
Formation. Structuresare generallyconrplex'
clisruption along the Geumpang and Kla Several other graben-like depressions are present.
part to late
Lines, and cannot be resolvedon the airphotographs' The Banda Aceh Anu Fault throws north-
the eastwardsnear the NW Quadrangleboundary, but
Tight rnetre-scaleclisharmonicfolding characterises
Forlnation, while flattened conglomerates and possiblyreverses to south-westwards southof Geumpang,
Ki"eme
siatestypily the Simomeu Formation' Folded thrust whereit formsa graben-like depression.The Anu-Batee
and slirle planesare beautifully exposedin A' Sinrpang' Fault throws westwards and dramatically defines the
N of Pameue(218 526) eastern boundary of the Meulaboh Embayrnent.
Structures in the younger Tertiary vary g'reatly However,the senseof throw on the other niajor SFS
but are generally controlled by the proximrty
transcurreit faults. West of the Geurnpang Line'
to faults is lessclear.
the Thcre is good theoretical(Fitch 197).Currayet al. i
Hulu Masen Group shows only gentle folding and tilting 1979) and ground evidence fiom further south tn
while the unconformably overlying Tutut Formation Sumatrato show that the SFS has actedas a compound I
is in the main flat-lying except for sharp monoclinal major dextral transourrentfault. This is consistent
{lexures close to the Anu-BateeFault' with the splayed nature of the four main faults in this
Within the main Barisan Mountain range, the area, and their variable throw and complex local geo-
younger Tertiary is preservedin partly closedcompound metry. Both dextral and apparently sinistral drainage
 15

offsets of I 2km are found. Data from the Banda lault running
from Geumpangto Takengon,but again
Aceh and Medan Quadrangles suggestthat the presenr this is too ill-defined to delineateon the
mao.
lault lines formed by reactivationof earlier olanesof
stressin the Pleistocene. folltrwingthe regionaifolding, Thrusting
and this is conllrmed here in the Reuengeuetvalley,
where the,sharply detlnedAnu Blangkejeren Three lines of major thrusting, one active during
Fault can , _
the Late Cretaceous,the others in the Tertiary, have
be shown to parallela broaderzone of earlierfaulting
been inferred in this area.
characterisedby gouges, breocias, phyllonites and
The Kla Line, a southerly or easterly directed
tectoniomelanges.Cumulativeoffsetson the SFS fault i i n e
i n t h e _ S Eq u a d r a n t . . ( F i g) t.. w a s l o r m e d d u r i n g
line are considerable, the largestbeingthe 20km dextral the Late Cretaceouscollisional orogeny (see
above)]
displar:crnent of' thc base of the Rampung Formation when the Kluet Forrnation was thruJt ovei the eastern
on the Kla Alas Fault. Localisedthick basal cong- Woyla Group. The area is poorly-known, but
the
lorreratesof thc Senong Menrber(peutu Formation) contact in Kr. KIa shows mylonites and tectonised
in the Meugeurincingvalley suggestthat the earlier, ultramafics.
now reactivated,laults werc moving by the ltarly The Takengon Line, of south_westerlydirected
Middle Miocene. lower Tertiary overthrustingand related faulting, forms
Among other activc laults associated w i t h t h e an open S-shapedarc up to 20km acrossin the Takengon
SF-S, the nrost prontinent is the Samalartga-sipopokdistrict, and separates the peusangan and Tapanuli
Fauh, which swings northwlrds tionr the pameuearca. Groups to the NE from the Woyla Group to th;
SW.
On the LhokseunraweQuadranglcto thc north this It is best seen where nrassivepeusanganGroup lime_
tault has bcen active fronr the Oligoceneto present stoneshave come to rest above lessresistantTertiary
Tha Lhokscumawc l.-ault defincd the SW margin of sediments. These thrusts pre-datethe base of the
the Jawa Deep t'ronrits inceptionirr thc Late Oligocene, PeutuFormation(Earty Mrocene,N4 5). (,onsiderable
and expcricncedlirthcr wcsterly throw in thc Pleis- erosion seemsto have occurred and is thought to
be
tocene. the cause of the somewhat fragmentary preservation
The Geureuggang l:uult, a dextral E W structure. of the thrusts.
defines the southern edge of the Sigli-Seunalanl{igh The TakengonLine seemsto mergein the S with
.
within the N. Surnatra Basin (inset Fig. 2), and the Reuengeuet-Blangkejeren Fault, while its northern
presumably therefore was active during Miocene terminationis the prominent Geureuggang Fault. Its
sedimentation.The presentlault-line,however,involves origin is unknown, brrt it is thought to representa partial
tlie Baong Formation and is essentially an early reactivation of the Kla Line, and as such
would
Pleistocenereactivationstructure. It may continue correspond to the Babahrot Line further south (see
eastwards beneaththe GeureudongVolcanics. Tapaktuan Quadranglereport). The thrusts,
.where
well-preserved, are generallyquasiJrorizontal,and some
Severalolder stranclsare also believedto exist ln
in the NW may be gravitational.
this Quadrangle. They are markecllocally by the usual
l-aultphenomenabut are rrot topographicaltyprominent The third line of thrusting, the Geumpang
Line,
is developedimmediately SW of the Banda
and cannot therefore be traced on the airphotoqraphs. Aceh Anu
Fault in the NW quadrant (Fig. 2). lt
They are cons-equently not slrown on the 1:250,000 is a south_
map or on Fig.2. One such strandis believecl westerly directed thrust, associated
to cross with a number ot
the NE cornerof the euadrangleand to be responsible serpentinisedultramafic bodies ancl with generallycon.
f o r t h e d e x t r a lr o t a t i u no l l l r e B a o n qM o n o eI i n e l r , r m fusing tectonics.The Line is believeclto continuesouth_
an E W to a NW-SE axis. A further ill_definedolder eastwards,concealedbeneaththe Takengon
Embayment,
line in the lower Kr. Tripa lbrms the north-westerly onto. the Tapaktuan euadrangle; offshore data
et al. 1978, 1980) indicate that it ittarig
culmination of major reactivatedfaults which control splaysunJ in pur,
topographyand structurein the westernsectorof the swingssouthwardsout to sea.Field olservationsin the
Tapaktuan Quadrangleto the south. This line appears Beuereung-Woyla Geume areassuggestthat much of.the
t o t e r r n i n a r ei n a s i n i s t r aWl N W E S E f a u l t s y s t e mi n outcrop depictedas .CeumeFormation,
on the map pro_
tlre middle Kr. Seunagan. bably consists of allochthonous
Geumpang f"*.u_
Other laults which may be partly related to the on lying well to the SW of the Geumpani Lil. as mup_
SFS include the.-prominent Bicten Fautt N of Laut ped. This suggestsan outer thrust further SW,
bui ln -
Tawar, and the powerful OrengL'ault in the extremeSE sufficient data are available to define
it reliably.
corner. The Blang Miwah and Arulsane Synchnes Data from the Banda Aceh and
Tunuktuun
(Fig. 2) appearto be associated with a major WNW_BSE Quadranglesindictte that the Geumpang
fin. ,.fr.r.r,,
lo

the surface trace of major dextral transcurrentfaults, As mentioned above , all this serpentinitic
arcuate to the south, which resulted when the west material is believed to be derived from underlying
coast block attempted to underthrust to the NE oceanic crust generated during Late Mesozoicback-
during rotary translation to the NW. arc or intra-arc rifting.
The CeurnpangLine ot its later equivalent,the Anu
Batee Fault probabiy representsthe onshore continu-
SUMMARY OF GEOLOGICAL HISTORY
ation of a fault shown on seismic profiles (Karig
et al 1978, 1980) in the fore-arc region and which
dpparently dextrally offsets the palaeogeneshelf margin The Takengon Quadranglehas had a complex
history, including elementsof three pre-Tertiaryvolcano
100 Km.
It is tempting to iink these faults and their NW sedimentary cycles separatedby periods of deforma-
wards continuation acrossthe Banda Aceh Quadrangle tion, and three Cainozoicdeformationepisodes.Periods
with a southerly transform of the Andaman Seaspread- of major transcurrentfaulting and some thrusting have
ing cornplex. further complicated the picture. The following
A maximum age Jbr fhe Geumpang Lrne tentative summary is basedon a combination of results
nrovementsis indicated by huge oorroded blocksof from the present project and data available in the
Late Miocene (Te-T0 limestones(Senong Member) literature.
embeddedwithin serpentinitesin a minor left tribqtary
late Palaeozoicand Early Mesozoic Events
of the A. Senorrr (202 510). A minimum ageis set
by the appearanceof Ni and Cr drainage anomalies The oldest rocks, the slates, metasiltstonesand
over thc Tutut Forrnation, implying that ultrabasie metaquartzosearenites of the Kluet Formation, were
material was exposedat thc surface and was being laid down in moderate water depths in an ensialic
eroded and irtcorporatedinto sedimentsby the Plio- basin during the Late Palaeozoic,probably between
Pleistocene. Data liom the Banda Aceh Quadrangle the Carboniferousand Early Permian Palaeogeo-
suggestthat movementsclimaxed between thesetwo graphic reconstructions suggest that many of the
limits lt about tlte Miocene Plioceneboundary,corres- sedimentswere derived from an upstanding basement
ponclirrgirt the presentarea to the depositionof the high, lying roughly to the east. These are believed
KeuteupangFornration. to be the more distal equivalentsof a thick succession
Further thrusting, accompaniedby intrusionof of diamictites (see discussionin Cameronet al. 1980).
serpentinites, and ahnostcertainlymore extensivethan A period of regional deformation involving pre-
sliown on the 1:250,000 sheet, is present in the dominantly slate-gradenietamorphism occurred prior
Silihnara area between the Reuengeuetand Pameue to the Late Permian, during which tl^ Serbajadi
valleys(215 515). The senseof overthrusting is to the Batholith with its localised envelope of schistsand
NE, oppositeto the Geumpang and Takengon Lines. gneisses,and several smaller plutons NW and NE of
Structuresare complex and only partly understood, Takengon, were probably emplaced. Schists and
but are interpretedas related to a substantialnorth- gneissesnear Rikit Gaib, together with the associated
eastwardsinclined diapir of ultramaficrocks sandwiched mlnor concordant bodies of gneissosegranitoids, are
between the Geumpangand TakengonLines (seecross- thought to have been formed contemporaneously by
section C D). The primary structuresappear to pre- intense frictional heating at depth along malor
date the Late Oligocene(N2 3) baseof the Sipopok transcurrentfault zones.
Formation and may be related to the deformation of The suceeding,poorly-known, perrsanganGroup
the Meureudu Group. The present attitude of the was probably laid dowh in an environment which
diapir may reflect subsequentcompressionbetweenthe changed from a volcanic arc-fringingreef in the Late
two lines. Permian, to a predominantly non-clastic shelf in the
The diapir is thoughtrto be rooted below the Middle/L-ateTriassic. The volcanic arc is believedto
Pameuearea, to extend laterally both to the NWand have lain above an easterly-dippingBenioff Zone.
SE, and to be the sourceof the ultramafic material
caught up along the GeumpangLine. Though little rs Late Mesozoic events
known about' the Seunaganarea, the distribution of A major break with possibleregionaldeformation
the ultramafics there suggestsfurther diapirs have been followed before another volcanic arc-fringing reef set-
caught up in the Reuengeuet.-Blangkejeren Fault. The ting was establishedin the Late Jurassicin the areaW
size of the Beutung llltramafrc Complex probably of the presentGeumpangLine, givingrise to the western
implies the presence of unusually large ultramafic Woyla Group
bodies at depth in that area.
 17

The Woyla group is often highly deformed and provided

the present-day lithoiogical distribution
contains portions of a dismemberedophiolite sequence
reflects the palaeosetting, then intra-arc rifting is
and lies on the western (ocean) side of a cont;ental
implied. The lithological distribution on the Tapaktuan
block, the Mergui plate, where easterly directed sub_
Quadrangle to the south favoursthis.
duction has been inferred at least intermittently slnce
Regional deformation accompanied by low to
the Permian (Cameron et at. lggo).
medium-grade metamorphism followed, probably
It must thereforehave reachedjts presentposition
climaxing in the Late Cretaceous.This appearsto have
on the edge of a plate at least in part by some pro
been causedby an oblique collision-mostprobablv the
cess of subduction related accretion.
reclosureof the basin by eastwardthrusting of the
However the presentday dispositionof lithologies
oceanic crust and its volcano-sedimentary cover under
within the Woyla Group and tlie presenceto the west
the Kluet Forrnation along the Kla Line, together with
of the allochthonous continental Sikoleh fragment
transcurrent movement. Syndeformational emplace-
are believed to imply an origin other than as a s]mple
ment of ultramafic rocks now representedby Ni-rich
rccretionary prism.
talc schists and of peculiar, possibly contarninated,
The eastern, ophiolitc-related portion of the
(?) dioritic rocks, also occurredin the Reuengeuetarea.
Woyla Group has sufficiently similar lithologies,parti-
cularly in its upper sequence, to suggesta depositlonal The Woyla marginal basin is believed to have
environmentrelatedto that of the westernsuccession, commencedto close as
a consequenceof a changern
but the presenceof the r:phiolitic materialhas to be spieading direction in
the Indian Ocban at about g5
explained. This easternsuccession, both here and as Myrs. BP (Hamilton, 1979), when the angle of conver-
far south as the Equator, today lies well to the rear genoe between the continental
foreland and the rn-
of the active trenoh and away from oceanic crust. coming oceanic plate became less oblique.
lf the present day distribution of lithologieswithin
Tertiary I eyents
the Woyla Group as a whole, notwithstandingthe later
transcurrentmovements along the Geumpang Lrne, A rnajor break preceded the onset of Tertrary
reflects the relative positions of the Late Mesozorc sedimentation in the ?locene. The depositionalsetting
palaeoarc-fringing reef and relatedtrench,the presence of' the Meureudu Group lias been obscuredby sub-
of ophiolite can be explained by back-arc(or possibly sequent lransourrentand thrust movements,but the
intra-arc)rrtting forming a marginal basin general disposition of lithologies suggestsan actively
eroding lault-boundedpartially volcanic arc runnins
The marginal basin is believedto have developed roughly
NW from the Blangpuuk area towardJ
in an analogous fashion to the Gulf of California Geumpang,
and shedding abundant detritus north-
and the Andaman Sea, with transform faults approxi_ eastwards. Both the Semelet
and MeucampliForma-
mately parallel to the length of the basin separated tiuns probably include delrifus from
a ibrelantllying
by short segmentsof a spreadingaxis. This geometry to the NE. The Simomeu Formation remains
is a product of extremely oblique convergenceat the problematical,but an unstablefore-arcsettins seems
plate margin. Subsequently the basin was destroyed likely since, prior to the later Geumpan!
Lrne
but the transform direction is still representedby the movements,the Reuengeuetarea may be assumedto
Sumatra fault system. Oceanic crust would have been have faced oceanwards-
generated in the rift, and the deep-seasiliceous anci The first of the three Cainozoic periods of
volcanogenicsedimentsand basalticlavas of the lower deformation took place in the i-ate Oligocene,
easternWoyla Group would have formed in association accompanied by localised plutonism and possibly
with this rifting. The abundanceof interbeddedcoarse emplacementof ultramafics.
limestone and volcanic debris within the lower eastern
succession,togetherwith the volcanic.andvolcanogenlc
Regional transgression(Tertiary II events)
composition of the upper eastern succession,sug-gests
A regional marine transgression, which contrnued
that the arc itself lay not far to the W of the'riftl and
until the L^ateMiocene,now began,with the lbrnratron
probably migrated eastwardswith time.
of distinctsedimentarybasins;three of these,the back_
The reason for the uncertainly as to whether
arc North Sumatra Basin and the fore_arc lUestAceh
the rifting was back-arcor intra-arclies in the uncerraln
and llest Sumatra Basins, are represented in this
affinities of the,lVoyla Group rocks E antl NEof the
Quadrangle.
Reuengeuet BlangkejerenFault (Fig. 2). If theserocks
The ll. Aceh Basin now extends into the NW
are part of the western succession, as suggestedby sector of this
their lack of ophiolitic material Quadrangle,W of the SFS, though prror
ind agarn to the later
movements along the Geumpang Line it
 I8

may have lain far to the SE. Eastwards-derived(SemetenVolcanicFormation). It wasfollowed,except

sediments,the TanglaFormation,were laid down here in the Jawa Deep, by a second period of Tertiary
in paralic to fluviati.le conditions, between the Late deformation with uplift and erosion,and by important
Oligoceneand Early Miocene; they grade offshore u-rto SW-directedoverthrustingalong the TakengonLine.
turbiditic marine Eo-Oligocenesediments(Karig et al. In the Jawa Deep, conditionschangedsuddenly
1978). After a period ol uplift and erosion,the Kueh to open marine in the Early Miocene (N4 5) and
Formation was depositeddisconformably,its envtron_ continued to the base of the Middle Miocene(N9),
ment changing with continuing transgressionto opcn allowing I 000- I 250m of calcareousmudstones.and
marine sublittoral by the Middle Miocene. siltstones(Peutu Formation) to be deposited. Mean-
The W. Sumatra Basin only just extends onto while, as the transgressionspread across the central
this Quadrangleat the centralsouthernboundary. The zone of the
Quadrangle(at that time occupiedby the
sedimentsrepresenting the Late Oligocene-Late Miocene volcanic arc), fluviatile sandstonesand conglomerates
transgression here are sirlilar to those ol the W. Aceh (thickest near high$ and, with time, calcareous
Basin, and show a similar change of environment g.lauconiticsandstonesand lirnestones,were laid down
between the oldei, rnainly paralio to fluviatile Loser iBiden, Isak & Pameue Members). Limestones
Formation and the younger,nrainly open marine sub- developed best in the transition zonebetweenargilla-
littolal Meurah Buva Forrnation. ceous and arenaceous sedimentation. Looalised
The N. Sumatra Basin, which oocupiectmost of volcanismoccurred in the Reuengeuetarea (Senong
this Quarlrangle,is lar better known lnd its colnphcated Member). During the same period (N4/5 'l 2), 350m
sediurentaryhistory can thereforc be describedhere of fluviatilc to open marine sandstones and limcstones
in rather nrore detail. Thc basrn was fornred by werc also laid down over the Lhoksukon High,
subsidence linked to basementrifting, and sedirnenralron . The transgressionreached its maximum between
began in the l_atc Oligocene (N3 on Medan the Middle (N9) and Late (N16) Miocenein the mrin
Quadrangle).Various highs and dccpsenrergedat thc part ol the N. Sumatra Basin,with the depositionof
start (Fig. 2 inset) : the JawaDeep was boundedto the 1000 i500m of initially upper bathyal and sub-
SW by the Lhokseumawe Fault, and the Sigli Seunalan scquentlyoutcr sublittoralcalcareous mudstone(Baong
High to the S by the Geureuggang F'ault. Flrrrnation). At the peak of the transgrcssion in the
The Late OligoceneBruksahfiirrmerly paraplr; carly Middle Miocene,probably thc whole Quadrangle,
Formation was laid down in a proximal l'luviatile to apart lrom the NW corner and the Blangpuukarea,
paralic or ? deltaic setting,-theLate Oligoceneto was submerged.
F.arlyMioceneBampo Formationin increasingly decper ThLoughoutthis period of transgressivc
sedimentl-
water (paralic to outer sublittoral or upper bathyal tion in the three Basins,cyclesof uplift and sinkinghad
rnarhe) regimes with local turbiditic activity. The begun which ultimately forrned the present-dayBarisan
palaeotopographygenerated rapid lateral thiokness Mountains. The tcctonic history of the Barisanchain
variationsin both forrnations. Banipo se<iiments werc is not fully understood,but regionalreconstructions
also depositedin the area immediatelysouth of the suggest that the uplift and accompanying tectonism
Sigli SeunalanHigh (ie S of the Ceureuggang Fault) were associatedwith movements along an essentially
but it is-not clearwhetherthis areafbrmed part of the NW-striking transcurrent fault system which reacti-
main Jawa Deep or ntrt vated older structures. Complex intersectionsof these
Meanwhile,the RampungFornrationaccunrulated splays split the Barisans into a series of lenticular.
lirrther SW in a fluviatile to paralic setting, and the essentially stable, epeirogenic biocks, separated by
Sipopok Formation W of the Bruksah in a restrictcd narrow zones of more complex faulting, lolding and
inner sublittoralenvironment,probably in a temporary thrusting. These faults had been active periodically
channelwayopen to the west. The grossdistribution since the Oligocene, but transcurrent movements
of lithologiesindicatesa narrow-tectonically unstable probably culminated at about the Pliocene Miocene
but generallylow relief island chain to the SW, aligncd boundary (basedon data from further north). Some
NW- SE with deeper fault-boundedrestrictedbasrns 400 450km of transcurrentmovementmay havetaken
lying to the NE. Land occupied the NW of the place along the Geumpang Line, and serpentinised
Quadrangleand possibly also a sizeablearea around ultramafics, derived by remobilisation of the under-
Blangpuukat this time. lying tate Mesozoisophiolite,were emplacedinto the
Subaerial, mainij, interrnediate, volcanrsm Woyla Group along this and other Tertiary thruststo
developedwidely in the arca of the N. SumatraBasrn the NE. , The second Cainozoic deformation episode
in the Early Miocene or, locally, in the Late Olisocene accompaniedthese movements.
 19

Until the Late Miocene,the uplift and tectonism

(eg., the Anu Batee Fault and monoclinal srructures
in the Barisanarea only affected sedimentationin the
in-the NE of the euadrangle) might have tbrmed by
main N' Sumatra Basin in a relatively minor way. the mechanismsuggestedby Karig et al. (197g) for
After the movernents,fbr example,the transitionzone similarstructuresfurther south_viz.by thermaldoming
between the N. SumatraBasinand the Barisans(now causedby the rise of magmaticbodies to high levels
occupied by the Pirak Anticline) no lonser formed immediatelyprior to eruption.
part of the Jawa Deep but lay to the SW of the main This uplift was followed by enhancedvolcanism
basin; a marked unconformity was produced in this and, near the coasts,by temporarymarinetrarrsgressron,
zone between thc Peutu and Baong Formations. during one of which the MeulabohFormationwas laid
Another efl'ectwas the depositionof thick sandstonesdown. Uplift (marked by coastalprogradation),and
(PeuneulienMenrber) disconfbrmably orr the Peutu seismicmovementsalong the main faults, continue at
Formationin the NW. By the Late Miocene,however; the presentday. Minor volcanismcontinueson Peut
the uplift had causedthe transgression
to reverse,anrl Sagueand Burni Telong.
regionalregressionset in.
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
Regional regression--Tertiary
III events Metallic and hydrocarbon deposits of some
Thc first regressive sedinrents significance occur in the Meulaboheuadrangle. Geo-
in the N. Strmatra
Basinare the l000nr of upwards-coarsening logical and geochemicalresulrs indicate that several
Keuteupang
Forrnation,laid down in a sublittoral,posibly fluvro- of the intrusive igneous bodics are prospective hosts
dcltaic settingwith a depocentrein the peusansan_pase to basenrctals in porphyry systems.
district. The Geureudongand peut Specilic localities of econornic interest are
Slgue uJ.uno..
began activrty, and clasts from the former were detailedin Table 7 and locatedon Fig. I and the face
dcposited ln quantity in the depocentre of the of the l:250,000 map. The text below gives more
KeuteupangForuration. Thc Keuteupangenvironntent gencralised inlbrmation, and ref'ers to the snecific
continued into the Pliocene (Nl9), dep<_rsiting l o c a l i t i ebsy r h e n u m b e r si n ' l a b l e 7 . e g .( 4 ) .
thc
conformablyoverlyingSeureulaFormation, though on
the whole conclitionswere ntore marine and sedilents Metallic minerals
consequently flner. As the water continuedto shallow, [rcn (pyrites)
paludal to lacustrine lignitic clays and regressive Disseminatedpyrite is widespreadand may be
fluviatile sandstones(Julu Rayeu FormationJ were considerednormal
in a variety of lithologies. It is
depositedconlbrmablyon the Seureula. ubiquitous in the pre-Tertiarystrata,in the volcanrcs,
Very little is known of the history of the western and in intrusives
and their contact zones. Amounts
arca during the regressive phaseof the cycle. The West rarely exceed5% by volunie.
Aceh and West Sumatra Basinsappear no longer to l,csserquantitiesof pyrite occur in the Tertiary
haveexistedseparately.Sedirnentation took placeonly sediments,usually in reworked placer-type
accumula_
after completionof the movementsalongthe Geumpang tions.
Bampo Formation mudstonesare particularly
Line; then, westwards-throwing movementson the Anu- pyritic. Abundant pyritic float
derived tiom the
Batec Fault formed the Meulaboh Embayment and kuping
volcanio unit (eTvl) occurs in Kr. Sipopok
severalhundred nretresof fluviatile to paralicconglo- (209 540)
Kr. Lruping (204 53:') and Kr. Miwah
merates,sandstones and ligniticclays(Tutut Formation) (204 529) 1br example.
were laid down, starting sometime in the pliocenc. Pyrite localitiesare shown on the l:250,000 map
Reefsaccumulatedoffshore(Kariget al., 1978). and describedin more detail in the GeologicalSubarea
Reneweduplift and tectonismaffectedthe Barisan Reports (Bibliography
B ) but are noi numbered
area early in the Pleistocene. Essentially vertical individually
on Fig. 1 or in Table 7.
movements brought into being the present topo-
graphically prominent traces of the SFS, and grabens lron (magnetite)
developedlocally. The third of the Cainozoicdeforma.
Concentrations of magnetile are known from
tion episodesnow afl'ected the Tertiary sediments of
the alluvial sandsoi Kr. Reuengeuet(6), and
the former N. Sumatra Basin, the folding being most cobhles,
pebblesand grains are abundant rn the bed
intense close to the Barisan edge. Further vertical of A. Thok
at (183 508), Jansenet at., lg22)39. Hbaw
movementsaffected the Meulaboh Embayment,notably mineral
separates from Kr. Woyla at Tutut (13) containedg1%
near the Anu-Batee Fault. Some of the structures
magnetite 8% Ilmenite (Bowles and Beckinsale
I979).
20

Table 7. Mineral localities: Takengon Quadrangle

I T[1

I k, L,uN[ d)i i]li )rr lLurLil !iJ \ !lnr5

irlr it,0 rhJn,nyilrt rtrl [Jtl

l,l ilhLrd (; id {f,ttrrr

 21

Bauxite Lead and Zinc

Bauxitic and aluminous lateritic red clays are Minor lead and zinc mineralisationoccurs in the
developedon the volcanicsofG. Geureudong,especially Doson Complex (26, 27) and galenais recorded from
around Blangrakal(249 542). Hasibuan (1970) gave the Beurieung Granodiorite (2). These occurrences
the following analyses,but did not account for their recall the Pb/Zn halo often associatedwith porphyry
remarkablylow totals : systems. SignificantPb/Zn geochemicalpatterns(300-
11 700ppm Pb) are associatedwith a diorite contained
within the BeatangUltramafic Complex.
si02 23.4 16.3
Gold workings known to have existed along
azo: 15.36 54.91 many of the main rivers were recordedby Jansene/ a/.
(1922) : see localities (1-3-6-8- 11-18-20-24). Many
Fe (total) 25.9'7 1 4 l.0 more undocumented workings of auriferous placers
Mgo 2.57 2.32 must also have' existed. Amounts recoveredwere
0.03 generally small, all the gold being worked fiom flood
MnO 0.02
plain or terrace gravels. Pyritic float derivedfrom the
CaO 0.53 t.67 lruping unit containssomegold (4pom at Kr. Sipopok).
Hzo 3.39 2.22 Extensive exploration of placer deposits in the
t.20 Meulabohareawas undertakenby M.A.E.M.(Manman's
Tio2 0.3s
AlgemeeneExploratie Maatschappij)in ttle immediate
Pzos 0.10 0.25 pre-war years, uslng test pitting and lOcm Bdngka
drilling. Unfortunately the resultsare believedto have
been lost during the Japaneseoccupation of Indonesia
Total 71.69 93.00 during the war.
Exploration of the Kr. Reuengeuetgravels(6)
Copper
ceasedaround 1946 and gold production by the Dutch
Chalcopyriteis frequentlyassociated with pyrite, at Tutut (13) stopped in 1939. The London Tin
and occasionallywith galena. The Beurieng(2), Baro Corporation investigated the Tutut deposits shortly
(9), Reuengeuet(10) urd Tongra (30) intrusivesin after the war but concludedthat gold did not exist in
particular deserve {-urther investigation. See also economicquantities. More recentexplorationby Amax
localities(7) and (3 l). IndonesiaInc. hasprovedsmall but economicconcentra-
Grainsof nativecopper-tinand copper-zincalloys ttons in eight areas along Kr. Woyla sufficient to
have been found in mineral concentratesfrom alluvial support small-scaleextractlon over a period of up to
deposits at Tutut (13) and were investigated l0 years using one of the abandoned dredgesat
mineralogicallyby Bowles (1980). They are of a Tutut (capacity c.100-150,000m3/month). Totat
composition unknown in naturally-occurring native proven reservesare 11,500,000m3at an averagegrade
alloys (Cu3 Sn, Cu41 Sn11, B-cu Zn) and are likely to of I96mgm/m2, but further reservesof at least
have formed at temperaturesin excessof 800oC, i.e., 10,000,000m3 can be expecteddownstream.
higher than these generallyoperatingduring mineralisa- In an attempt to identify to primary source of
tion. Their origin remainsenignatic, but presentevidence the gold, four gold grains from the alluvium at Tutut
suggeststhey point to ancient smeltingactivity. This is (13) were investigated mineralogically (Bowles &
no less interesting however than if the grains were Beckinsale1979, Bowles & Beddoe-Stephens 1980).
natural, since it suggestspreviously worked mineral Their composition (fineness 925-977, weight % Au
depositsmay exist upstream. The most likely source 90.0-97.6,Ag 2.2-9.7, Cu 0.02-0.85)and inclusions
of such depositswould be the ultrabasic rocks further (argentian galena etc.) suggestthat some of the gold
NE, since native Sn is known in such rocks and the originatesfrom the skarn deposits in slates and lime-
bodies do in fact show Sn seochemicalanomahes. stones around the acid intrusions. The concentration
of workings along Kr. Reuengeuettends to pinpoint
Chromium such a source more specificallyto the contact between
Heavy mineral concentratestaken from the alluvial the Baso intrusions (TMibt and GeumpangFormation.
gravels of Kf Woyla at Tutut (13) contained 9% However, the compositional variability of the gold
chromite. suggestsit may be polygenetic,and the coexistenceof
of platinoid grains tends to suggesta further',
 22

ultramafic, source. Prospectsfor the discovery and Industrial and non-metallic minerals
development of other gold placers are good, since
Asbestos and talc
plentiful areas of unworked flood plain and terrace
gravels remain. These may occur in economic quantities within
the ultramafic bodies. Serpentinite outcrops in A.
Mercury
Senong (202 511) carry lOcm-thick veins of blue,
The Dutch gold workings at Tutut (13) always green or white chrysotile asbestos.
produced a little mercury. Cinnabar is present as
discreet grains in the gravels, and the gold nuggets Limestone
commonly ofterr nave a white amalgamcoating (Bowles Massive metalimestones from the pre-Tertiary
and Beckinsale1979). units could provide many sources of good quality
limestone. Most, however,must be regardedas too
Molybdenum inacoessiblefor anything except local use. Small
Minor molybdeniteoccursin the Doson Cornplex tonnages are already removed from the Tawar
(21). This complex is associatedwith signifioantMo Fornration(MPt) in the Tawar area.
and Au anomalies(1 2000ppm Mo) and widespread
quartz-sericitealteration, suggestiveo1' Mo-porphyry Reliactori, chys
nrineralisation. Seat-earthsbeneathlignite horizonsin the Tutut
Walker (1970) notes an area W of Blangkejeren Forntatiou(QTt) nray contain good quality,refractory
where there is a "4km stretchof molybdenumvalues clays.
increasingfrom 2ppm to 6pprn" in strearnsediment
Sulphur
samples. No mineralisationwas recordedduring the
presentsurvey frorl this area, whose exact location llot.springs carrying sulphur are knowu near
remains obscure, but a sarnplc of pyritic granite the sumtnit of Peut Sague.
assayed l l 5 O p p n rP b , l 6 p p m M o .
'Molybdenite'
llakes reported l'rorn locality (28)
are probably graphite. Constructionalmaterials
Sand, gravel and aggregate materials are
Nickel
extensively available front the younger sedimentsand
No nickel mineralisationhas been located duting alluvial deposits. At presdnt, working is only on a
the present survey, but significlnt Ni-('r geochemical srnall local scale-
anomaliesoccuroverthe serpentinite bodies,and further Alluvial clays and mudstonesfrom the Tertiary
searchin thesebodiesrnay be warranted. strata may contain workable brick clays. tligh quality
roadstoneshould be readilyavailablc,particularlyfront
Platinum metals the pre-Tertiarystrata.
Platinum was econourioallyrecoveredby the
Dutoh from their Tutut gold workings (13). i{.ruy Entrgy sources
nrinerafcencentratesfronr the alluvial depositsthere Hot spings
inolude discretegrains .f platinunr (5% Fel and^t'f
i r i d o s m i n e( 3 5 4 2 % l r , 5 j 6 3 % O s .l % p r ) ( B o w l e s& Hrt surphurousspringson peut sague (around
. ^ ^ . , . , ,11.!-..".ur.uoung
i,_
Be.ckinsale1979). The lack of pt Au ,ttuy, t.,i are associated
wirh the
;t:_:111 volcanismon theseedifices. Little
contrasrswith the gold placersof sE Bornco, bu; i;
31j:iTrll.cent
remainsprobablethat the two metalshaveat leastone' tnfornlatiUnis availablelbr other springsknown liom
the uf'per Kr. Meureubobasin at (23g0 4g5g,23i6
ultramaflo,srurce in sommon.
4 9 6 2 . 2 3 1 04 9 6 8 ) .
Silver
Pyritic float derived from the Leuping volcanic Coal and lignite
unit in Kr. Sipopok contains l7 ppm Ag. This suggests Lignite searnsoccur in the Julu Rayeuand Tutut
possible low-grade Ag Au mineralisation within tiris Formations. Those in the latter are often extensive
unit around Peut Sague. and up to severalmetres thick. Althoueh analvses

reveal the lignites to be only low quality fuels,
extensive reserves-sufficient for opencast exploitation
may exist in the Meulaboh area. Analysesof ,.coals
from nearMeulaboh"in Hasibuan(1970) areasfollows:
A B
Moisture
8.277c 9.98%
Ash 8.99Vo 5.33%
Volatile matter
45.02% 4g39%
Fixed carbon
37.727o 36.3V/c
Sulphur 0.61% O.4lE"
Calorific value 5301.9 caligm 5244.1 callgm
See'alsolocalities(32 38).
Oil and gas
In the North Sumatra Basin, oil is known ro
occur in Baongand post-Baongsedirnents,
particularly
in isolateds:indstones.Traps are usually stratigraphic
and anticlinal. At present,no commercialoil-fieldsare Fitch, F.J., 1972. plate Convergenpe,
known within the Quadrangle.
The southernhalf of the Arun GasField,however,
lies within the Quadrangle(Fig. l). Gas here is held
in the Arun Limestone Member; peutu Fornratron Graves,R.R. & A.A. Weegar,i973. Geologyof the
shalestrap the reservoirand, along with hydrocarbon
materialwithin the limestoncitself, probably acted as
the hydrocarbonsource.
Gas accumulationsin a similar setting were
encounteredin the Alur Siwah Limestone of the Hartoyo, P., Suyitno, P. & D. Arpandi, 1978. post-
Lhoksukon Al and ,A2 boreholes(Fig. l).
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IPA, Jakarta, 45 49.
Bemmelen,R.W. van, 1932. Geologrcalinvestigations
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23
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24

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.1. Outst. OsakuCity Univ. l0 (1 l), 1 17.
Kcats. W.. 198l. ('uinozoicsedintentation in Sumatra Report Autfutrs Area
rrrrrllr ol -lt)N. hoc. llorkshop N. Sunntra tvo.
(i) GeokryicalSubarea
()athtg.r,,I)ctt,trtht'r 1977, Bandung,87 l0l.
Reports
N g a b i t o ,t l . , 1 9 8 1 . M i n c r a l i s a sdii d a e r a hK r . D u s u n .
Pntc. l&trksht)l) It. SutnatranGaokryy, Barulung, t 9 Djunuddin,A & others(1977) Tangse Geum-
D c c e n b c r I 9 7 7 N o 3 , S i u r .v o l . ,D S D M . 1 5 1 1 6 1. pang(Basin
O p p c n o o r t hW , . F . F .. t J . Z w i c r z y c k i ,1 9 1 8 . G e o m o r - r5s0)
phologicaland tcctonic observations asa contribu- 2 2 Whandoyo,R. & others Kr. Sawang
tion to thc explanation of' the landlbrms of (1977) (Basin20)
North Surnatra. Internal trlnslation from Dutch L J Whandoyo,R. & others Kr. Peureula
o| Juarb. Ncd. Ottst-lntlit' VcrlL. (1917), vol. I, (1917) (sub-basins
216 31t. 28401s0160)
Prgc, B.G.N. & (r others,1978. Regionalgeochernistry, 2 6 Kartawa, W.& others (1977) Kr. Keureutu
geologicalrnapping and rnincral exploration in (Basin 24)
north Sumatra, lndonesiaI'rtrc'. I I th Common- 34 Bennett, J.D. & others (1977) Kr. Meureubo
weoltlt Mitling llletall. C'ortgr.llong Kong, 455 62. (Basin1950)
Purnamanirrgsih, 1911, a. Palaeontology l-ab. hrternal 3 5 Bridge.D.McC.& other (1977) Kr. JamboAye
R e p o r t , G S l . 1 6 / 7 7( u n p u b l . ) . (Basin 2660)
, 1911 ,'T. Palaeontology [-ab. lnternal 36 Sjaefuddien, A.G. & others Kr. Meureudu
Report, GSl. 48171 (unpubl.). (1976) (Basin 14)
 f. British Museum,(Natural Flistory) lgjT gO Appendix : Wltrle-rock analysesof igneous
0 Zwierz.ycki(1922) rocks, Takengoneuadrangle.
h. Karmini (.1977b)
(t, (2)
i. RobertsonResearch(1978)
J. Hartoyo d al. (1976) eifl r 63.18 55.60
k. H o e n( 1 9 2 2 ) Nzo 16.71 16.41
L Oppenoorth& Zwierzycki( l9l g) Fe2O3 1.6'/ 2.65
m. Kamili er al. (1976) FeO 3.1 3.4
n. Kamili & Naim (1973) Mgo 2.02 3.39
o. Kadar (1977') CaO 6.02 6.40
p Purnamaningsih( 19l I t) Na2O 3.80 3.60
q. Sudijono(1976) Kzo 1.19 2.04
t. Purnarnaningsih ( 1977b) HrO' 0.42 3 , 15
s, Karrnini (1977d) ujo- 0 . 15 0.28
t. Verstappen(1973) Ti02 0.41 0.43
u. R.D. Beckinsale(pers.comm., l9g0) Pzos 0.16 0.13
Jansene/ al. (1922) MnO
N g a b i t o( 1 9 8 1 ) CO'r 3.86
X. Groot (1946)
y. Bowles& Beckinsale (1979) TOTAL 99.6I I0l .48
z. Bemmelen(1970)
Number superscriptsrefer to NSp unpublishedGeo- (l) A n d e s i t eP
, EUT SAGUE UNIT. PEUT
krgicalSubareaReports in BibliographyI3. SAGUE CIjN'I'RE;sarnpleDA/A5/R32,
gridref. (20t0 5415).
(2) Microdiorite lloat, BRAWAN VOLCANTC
F O R M A T I O N ;s : u n p l cD D / D t / R I 3 7 , s r i d
rcf. (2859 4950).