 EXCITATION CONTROL SYSTEM

 ELEMENT OF EXCITATION CONTROL

SYSTEM
 EXCITATION CONTROL SYSTEM
REQUIREMENT
 TYPES OF EXCITATION SYSTEM

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  The basic function of an excitation system is to
provide direct current to the synchronous
machine field winding.
 The excitation system performs control and
protective functions essential to the satisfactory
performance of the power system by
controlling the field voltage and there by field
current.
 The control functions include the control of
voltage and reactive power flow, and
enhancement of system stability
Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  The performance requirements of the excitation
system are determined by consideration of the
synchronous generator as well as power
system.
 The basic requirement is that the excitation
system supply and automatically adjust the
field current of the synchronous generator to
maintain to maintain the terminal voltage as
the output varies within the continuous
capability of the generator.
Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  The excitation system should contribute to
effective control of voltage and enhancement of
system stability, and of modulating the
generator field so as to enhance small signal
stability.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  To fulfill the above roles satisfactory, the excitation
system must satisfy the following requirements:
1.Meet specified response criteria.
2.Meet the desired reliability and availability, by
incorporating the necessary level of redundancy
and internal fault detection and isolation
capability.
3.Provide limiting and protective function as required
to prevent damage to itself, the generator and
other equipment.
4.Meet specified requirements for operating
flexibility.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  Figure shows the functional block diagram of a
typical excitation control system for a large
synchronous generator.
 The following is a brief description of the
various subsystem identified in fig.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  EXCITER:- Provide dc power to the
synchronous machine field winding,
constituting the power stage of the excitation
system.
 REGULATOR:- Processes and amplifies input
control signal to a level and form appropriate
for control of the exciter.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  TERMINAL VOLTAGE TRANSDUCER &
LOAD COMPENSATOR:- Senses generator
voltage, rectifies &filter it to dc , and compare it
with reference which represent desire voltage.

 POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER:- Provides an

additional input signal to regulator to regulate
damp power system oscillations.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  LIMITERS AND PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS:-
These include a wide array of control and
protective functions which ensure that the
capacity limit of the exciter and synchronous
generator are not exceeded.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  Excitation system may be classified into the
following three categories:
 1. DC excitation system
 2. AC excitation system
 3. Static excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  Figure shows a simplified schematic
representation of a typical dc excitation system
with a amplidyne voltage regulator.
 It consists of a dc commutator exciter which
supply direct current to the main generator
field through slip rings.
 The exciter field is controlled by an amplidyne.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  AC excitation system is used for alternator as
sources of the main excitation power.
 The ac output of the exciter is rectified by
rectifiers to produce the direct current needed
for the generator field.
 The rectified may be classified in to
 a. Stationary rectifier system
 b. Rotating rectifier system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  With stationary rectifiers the dc output is fed to
the field winding of the main generator
through slip rings.
 As shown in figures two independent modes of
regulation are provided

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
 1. AC regulator to automatically maintain the
main generator stator terminal voltage at a
desire value corresponding to the ac reference
2. DC regulator to maintain constant generator
filed voltage as determined by the ac reference.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  With rotating rectifiers the need for slip rings
and is eliminated, and the dc output is directly
fed to the main generator field.
 As shown in figures, the armature of the ac
exciter and the diode rectifiers rotate with the
main generator field.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  A small ac pilot exciter, with a permanent
magnet rotor , rotates with the exciter armature
and the diode rectifiers.
 The voltage regulator controls the ac exciter
field, which in turn controls the field of the
main generator.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  All components in these systems are static or
stationary.
 Static rectifiers, controlled or uncontrolled,
supply the excitation current to the field of the
main synchronous generator through slip
rings.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  This systems are classified in to:
 A. Potential-source controlled-rectifier systems
 B. Compound-source rectifier system
 C. Compound-control rectifier excitation
system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  In this system, the excitation power is supplied
through a transformer from the generator
terminals or the station auxiliary bus, and is
regulated by a controlled rectifier
 This type of excitation system is also
commonly known as a bus-fed or transformer-
fed static system.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  The power of excitation system is formed by
utilizing the current as well as the voltage of
the main generator.
 This may be achieved by means of a power
potential transformer (PPT) and saturable-
current transformer (SCT) as shown in figure.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system
  This system utilizes controlled rectifier in the
exciter output circuit and the compounding of
voltage and current-derived sources within the
generator stator to provide excitation power.
 Figure shows a single line diagram of the
system.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  The voltage source is formed by a set of three
phase winding placed in three slots in the
generator stator.
 The current source is obtained from a the CT
mounted on stator winding.
 These source are combined through
transformer action and ac output is rectified by
power semiconductor.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

  The means of control is provided by a
combination of diodes and thyristors connected
to form a shunt bridge’
 A static ac voltage regulator controls the firing
circuits of the thyristors and thus regulates the
excitation to the generator field.

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system

Sub: Advance power system Topic: Excitation system