ASn-ÿm\]m-Tm-hen

¢mkv 8

Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2011
 bqWn‰v 2--

2.1 `mjmkhn-ti-jX Fgp-XpI

$ Ip™p-∏m-Øp-Ωmbv°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ BZyambn tZjyw h∂p; D{K-amb

tZj-yw. Ahƒ°v Hcm-\-sb-t∏mse Aa-d-Wsa∂v tXm∂n. Hcp ISp-h-
sbt∏mse Ae-d-W-sa∂p tXm∂n. NmSn-sb-Wo‰v F√m‰n-t\bpw ISn-®p-
Io-dpI!

$ Ah-f-ßs\ InS-∂p. lrZ-b-Øn¬ tX\m-Wv; Ahƒ BsI a[p-c-ambn

amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

˛ Ip™p-]m-Øp-Ω-bpsS hy-X-ykvX at\m-hn-Nm-c-߃ shfn-hm-Ip∂ c≠v kµ¿`-ßfmWv

apIfn¬ FSpØp tN¿Ø-Xv. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-Isf Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m≥
_jo¿ kzo-I-cn® `mj-bp-tSbpw Ae-¶mc {]tbm-K-ß-fp-tSbpw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fgp-
XpI? (kvtIm¿ 4)

2.2 s]mcpƒ Is≠-ØpI

""{io. Ip´n-®m-Ø-\-dn-hm≥, Cu IØp-sIm≠phcp∂ s]cbvcm-bpsS ho´n¬

taem¬ bmsXm-cp-]-{Z-hhpw sNø-cp-Xv.''

F∂v,
\mcm-b-W-Kpcp

˛ s]cbvcmbv°v Kpcp Fgp-Xn-s°m-SpØ Cu IØnse Bt£-]-lm-k-yhpw ktµ-ihpw

Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw? (kvtIm¿ 4)

2.3 kzm-`n-{]mbw Fgp-XpI

""C√ NßmXo temI-Øn¬ hnUvVn-I-fp≈nS-tØmfw Imew a\-€m-£n-bn-

√mØh¿ ]´nWnInS-t°≠n hcn√ Xs∂.''

Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]{X-∏-c-k-y-߃ kzm-an-Pn-bpsS A`n-{]m-bsØ km[q-I-cn-°p-

∂pt≠m? \nß-fpsS A`n-{]mbw Hcp Ipdn-∏mbn Fgp-XpI? (kvtIm¿ 4)

amb-tam-ln\n am{¥nI Ge€v hiy-hc- mln b{¥w

Cu Ge€v hfsc Gsd A¤p-X-i‡n \nd-™-Xm-
Wv. CXv [cn-°p-∂-h¿°v hf-sc-tbsd BI¿j-W-i-
‡n-bp-≠m-hpw. Ch-cpsS B⁄m-i-‡n-°p-ap-≥]n¬
F¥pw AS-ßn-\n¬°pw. Ipd™ Z£nW sNe-hn¬
Xbm¿ sNbvXp-\¬Ipw.
kI-eD- ]
- {- Z-hß
- f
- n¬ \n∂pw c£n-°p-Ibpw i{Xp-°sf
\in-∏n-°p-Ibpw, sXmgn¬-˛-[-\˛-Ipw-Spw-_kuJy-
sØbpw, P\-h-iyw,amKeyw apX-emb KpW-ß-sfbpw
{]Zm\w sNøp∂ imt‡b b{¥w (F√m aX-
ÿ¿°pw) kao-]n-°p-I..

ajn t\m´w
Kpcp-Im-cW
- h
- ∑
- m-cpsS ]mc-ºc - y-kn-≤n-bn-eqsS ]I¿∂p
In´nb ajn-t\m-´-Øn-eqsS GXp {]iv\-߃°pw ]cn-
lm-cw. hnfn-®p-h-cp-I.

t]Pv 2
2.4 FUn‰v sNøpI

ASn-°-Sn-bp-≠p-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ XpS¿®-bm-b-Im-em-h-ÿm-h-y-Xn-bm\w Fh-

dÃv sImSp-ap-Sn-sb-\i
- n-∏n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. a™v Dcp-Insbmen-°p-Ib
- m-sW∂v
]cn-ÿn-Xnbpambn _‘-s∏´ kwL-S-\-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p. A-{]-Xo-£n-Xhpw
BIkvanI-hp-amb sh≈s∏m°-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p.
(kvtIm¿ 2)

2.5 eLp Poh-N-cn-{X-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I.

Aø≥Imfn
P\\w 1863˛ HmKÃv ˛28
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Pn√
shßm-\q¿
A—≥ -˛ Aø≥
AΩ ˛ ame
km[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\-kwLwcq]o-I-cn®p1907
A[-ÿnXcpsS hnZ-ym-eb {]thiw
acWw 1941˛ P\p-hcn 18

˛ \n߃°-dn-bm-hp∂ IpSp-X¬ hkvXp-X-IƒIqSn Dƒs∏-SpØn Poh-N-cn-{X-°p-dn∏v Xbm-

dm-°pI? (kvtIm¿ 4)

2.6 hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Fgp-XpI?

$ ""_m∏m, ∂ X√-s≠∂p ]d!''

ap…-ym¿ H∂pw ]d-™n-√.
_m∏bpw H∂pw ]d-™n-√.

$ \nkm¿ Al-Ω-Zns‚ _m∏m!

apdn-bn¬ h∂v \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.
At±lw ]d™p:
""CXn¬ Im‰pw shfn-®hpw IS-°-Ww.
B P\¬ AS-®n-´n-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?

˛ "‚p∏p-∏m-bvs°m-cm-t\-≠m¿∂v!' F∂ t\mh¬ `mKØnse c≠p kµ¿`-ß-fm-Wn-h.

Ip™p]m-Øp-Ωm-bpsSbpw \nkm¿ Al-Ω-Znt‚bpw IpSpw-_-߃ Htc kap-Zm-bØns‚
c≠v apJ-ßsf {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂pt≠m? ta¬s°m-SpØ kµ¿`-ßsf hni-I-e\w
sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°pI? (kvtIm¿ 4)

t]Pv 3
2.7 {]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v Fgp-XpI

Rm≥ : ""]ns∂ Ft¥ AXp hn´v Ctßm´p t]m∂Xv?''

\nb-a-]m-e-I-sc-s°m≠v h√ _p≤n-ap´pap≠mtbm?
kzm-anPn : "slbv bmsXm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-´n-√. F\n°p k¿´n-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ X∂-
h-cn¬ c≠p-t]m-eokv IΩo-j-W¿amcpw Ggp Un.-ssh.-F-kv.-]n-
Ifpw c≠p aq∂p Uk≥ k¿°nƒ C≥kvs]-IvS¿amcpw s]Sp-
sa∂v Xm≥ Btem-Nn-°-Ww'.
˛ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kw`-h-߃IqSn ]cn-K-Wn®v kzm-an-Pn-bpsS Cu adp-]SntbmSp≈ {]Xn-
IcWw Hcp Ipdn-∏mbn Fgp-XpI? (kvtIm¿ 4)

2.8 s]mcpƒ Fgp-XpI

kzman : Bs´, Ip´n-®m-Ø\v \msamcp IØv X∂m¬ aXn-bm-Iptam? (Hcp

`‡-t\mSv) CsXm∂v Fgp-Xn-sb-Sp-tØmfq. (F-∂n´v Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂
hn[w, ISn-®p-]n-Sn® Nncn-tbmSpIpSn ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp.)

˛ Kpcp-hns‚ "ISn-®p-]n-Sn® Nncn'-bpsS A¿∞-sa-¥mhmw? c≠v hmI-y-Øn¬ Fgp-XpI?

(kvtIm¿ 2)

2.9 {]`m-jWw Xøm-dm-°pI

$ ""lm IjvSw, ae-bm-f-Ø-d-hm-sSms°Øs∂

thhp-I-bt√m sNbvhXo, bbn-Ø-Øn≥ Xobm¬!''

˛ h≈-tØmƒ apt∂m-´p s-h® Cu Bi¶ \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ß-fp-tSbpw a‰pw CS-

s]-S-ep-I-fn-eqsS \mw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc AXn-Po-hn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]pXnb Ime-
L-´-Øn¬ A‘-hn-i-zm-k-ßfptSbpw A\m-Nm-c-ß-fp-tSbpw Xncn-®p-h-chv, I]-S-im-kv{X-
ß-fpsS {]Nmcw, h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ [\-tamlw, hni-zm-k-Ø-´n-∏p-Iƒ XpSßn Ht´sd
{]iv\-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Cu kml-N-cyw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v "h¿Ø-am-\-tI-c-fw -
t\-cn-Sp-∂ kmwkv°m-cnI {]Xn-k‘n' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Hcp {]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-
°pI.? (kvtIm¿ 6)

2.10 hym-J-ym-\n-°p-I.

˛ "Fensbt∏Sn®v C√w NpSpI' F∂ ]g-s©m-√v Xmsg-s°m-SpØ Ihn-Xm-`m-K-hp-ambn

_‘n-∏n®v hym-J-ym-\n-°pI?

$ \osd-¶n¬ \odm-Is´ hosS√mw; \ne-hn´p˛

tIdn-sb≥ InWdp sXm´-ip-≤-am-°mbvsI' ∂m≥! (kvtIm¿ 4)

2.11 Xmc-X-ay°pdn∏v

$ lm IjvSw, ae-bm-f-Ø-d-hm-sSms°Øs∂
thhp-I-b√tbm sNbvhXo, bbn-ØØn≥ Xobm¬!

t]Pv 4
 $ sXm´p-Iq-Sm-Ø-h¿ Xo≠n-°q-Sm-Ø-h¿
ZrjvSn-bn¬ s]´mepw tZmj-ap-t≈m¿
sI´n-√m-tØm¿X-Ωn-ep-Æm-tØm-cn-ßs\
H´-√tlm PmXn-t°m-a-c-߃

˛apI-fn¬ sImSpØ Imh-y-`m-K-߃ Xmc-X-ayw sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-gp-XpI? (kvtIm¿ 4)

2.12 HuNn-Xyw ]cn-tim-[n-°pI

""s]s´-∂-°-e-Øn¬ \ns∂mcp sNsºm-∂n≥ ]q®˛

°p´n-X≥ Nm´w ImWm-bv˛ ho≠p-a-Xm-h¿Øn-®p''.

˛ Xo\m-fsØ"sNsºm-∂n≥ ]q®-°p´n' F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xns‚ HuNn-Xyw ]cn-tim-

[n-°pI? (kvtIm¿ 2)

2.13 IYm-]m{X khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-I.

""Xp´m∏o, ∂ sI´n-®m-tºmWv!''
* * * *
""Xp´m∏o, ∂ X√m-tºm-sW∂p ]d''
* * * *
""Rm≥ acn-®m-tºmWv''

˛ Cu kw`mj--W-`m-K-ß-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ Ip™p-]m-ØΩ F∂ IYm-]m{XØns‚ c≠v

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fgp-XpI? (kvtIm¿ 2)

2.14 IØv Xøm-dm-°p-I.

kzm-anPn : kp{]-kn-≤-amb atl-i-zc Ih-NsØ∏‰n C¥-y-bnse {]-[m\

Zn\∏{Xßfnse√mw {]X-y-£-s∏´ ^pƒt]Pv ]c-k-y-߃ I≠n-
s√t∂m?

˛ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf CØcw ]c-k-y-߃ \n-ßfpw I≠n-´p-≠m-hp-at√m? kaq-lsØ

t\¿h-gnbv°v \bnt°≠ am[-y-a-߃ Cß-s\-bp≈ ]c-k-y-߃ \¬Ip-∂-Xns\°pdn-
®p≈ \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw ]{Xm-[n-]-I¿°p≈ Hcp IØmbn Fgp-XpI? (kvtIm¿
6)

2.15 Ihn-Xbv°v Bk-zm-Z\w Fgp-Xp-I.

Acn-bn-√m-™n´v
A∏mhw Pohn-®-\m˛
fhs\ XpWbv°m-t™m¿
X¬ "{]mWs\' SpØ-t∏mƒ
Xmßp-hm≥ apXn¿s∂-Øo.

t]Pv 5
 s]cn-tbm¿I-sf-t∏mse
sNdn-tbm¿Ifpw a∂n¬
ac-W-Øn\p tijw
amtem-I¿°njvSw tN¿∏q!

amhp-sh-´p∂q Nne¿,
then-X-´p∂q Nne¿,
Bh-Xpw hn[-hsb ˛
bmiz-kn-∏n∏q Nne¿

hn{ip-X-a-b¬ {]`p ˛
tKl-Øn≥ Imcp-W-y-Øm¬
I®-hm-ßp-hm-\p≈
Imip-a-sß-Øn-t®¿∂p.

apdp-°m≥ s]mXn- \o°n

aqsØmcp Ic-°m-c≥
Xnc-°m-bIsØØo ˛
s]Æn-t\m-tShw sNm∂m≥:

""IW-°m-sb√mw Rß
fnd°o \ne-sØ∂m ˛
epW-°-ecn thW ˛
anØncn Np‰pw Xqhm≥

Ic-bp-∂-Xn-∂nS ˛
bvt°mXn-\mƒ IpSpw_n\n
Acn-bp-s≠-∂m-etßm ˛
c¥cn°pIn-√t√m!''
˛ sshtem-∏n≈n
(kvtIm¿ 6)

{]mW-s\-Sp-°pI ˛ acn-°p-I, s]cn-tbm¿Iƒ ˛ hen-b-h¿, then-X-´pI ˛ ih-∏-d-ºn-te-bv°p≈ hgn Ffp-∏-am-°p-I,

hn{ip-X≥ ˛ {]kn-≤≥/]uc-{]-ap-J≥, IW-°m-sb√mw ˛ Hcp°w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n.

t]Pv 6
2.16 IYbv°v Bk-zm-Z\w Fgp-Xp-I.

(kvtIm¿ 6)

bqWn‰v 3
3.1 eLp-teJ Xøm-dm-°p-I.

\o¿Ø-S-߃ \nI-Øp-∂Xv Ip∂p-Iƒ CSn-®p-\n-c-Øp-∂-Xn-

\m´pIm¿ XS-™p. s\-Xnsc ]cn-ÿnXn kwL-S-\-
Iƒ cwKØv

Pe-a-en-\o-I-cWw: ]I¿®-
t^mkn¬ C‘-\-ß-fpsS D]tbmKw Imem-
hym[n-Iƒ ]S-cp-∂p.
hÿm hy-Xn-bm-\-Øn\pw Imc-
WamIp∂psh∂v ]T\w

˛ ]-{X-hm¿Ø-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ "Pe-kw-c-£-W-Øns‚ Bh-i-y-IX' F∂ hnj-

b-Øn¬ eLp-teJbm-dm-°pI. (kvtIm¿ 6)

3.2 kzm-`n-{]mbw Fgp-XpI

""_te t`jtSm tZth{µm, _te, CXpt]mse H∂p IqSn Cßp t]mc-´v.

H∂p IqSn, Bhmsf-SpØv Bs™m∂v hoiq-Sv. sNmW-Im-W´v ...''
˛ CSn-ap-g°w tI´ thZ-am-Wn-I-y-Øns‚ sshIm-cn-Im-hÿ {]I-S-am-°m≥ Cu {]Xn-I-c-
W-Øn\v Ign-bp-∂pt≠m? kz¥w A`n-{]mbw Ipdn-°p-I. (kvtIm¿ 4)
t]Pv 7
3.3 IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]-Ww.

$ ag-tbmSpw {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-ap≈ A`n-\n-thiw.

$ aÆn-t\mSpw CX-c-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ kvt\lw.

$ Bflm¿∞X kv^pcn-°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\w.

$ ]g-b-Ime I¿j-Is‚ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ.

˛ Ch ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v thZ-am-Wn-Iyw F∂ IYm-]m-{XsØ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv -\n-

cq-]Ww Xbm-dm-°p-I. (kvtIm¿ 6)

3.4 \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v

""B‰n-te-s°-Øm-\-dn-™p-IqSm
Bgn-Øn-c-tbmfw t]mI-h-ø.
BSn-am-k-°-dp-s∏m-∂p-am{Xw
Bg-°-S¬ t]me-I-sØm-Xp°mw''
˛ kz-X-{¥-ambn Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX hcp∂ Hcm-fpsS am\-knI kwL¿j߃ Cu
hcn-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp-∂pt≠m? \nß-fpsS \nco-£Ww Hcp Ipdn-∏mbn Fgp-XpI?
(kvtIm¿ 4)

3.5 FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$ 2025 \p apºv C¥y Pe-£m-a-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cpw.

$ AanX Ptem-]-t`mKw

$ GI-ap-J-Ir-jn-co-Xnbpw Ir{Xn-a-h-\-h¬°-c-Whpw

$ Pe-{]-`-h-tI-{µ-߃ h‰n-h-c-≠-t∏mƒ {Kma-ß-fnepw `£y-£m-aw.

$ Nndm-]p-©n-bnepw IpSnsh≈ Zu¿e`yw

˛ A¥m-cmjv{SP-e-Zn-\-Øn¬ \S∂ Hcp skan-\m-dn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏´ GXm\pw hnj-

b-ßf
- mWv apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≈X
- v. Ch IqSn ]cn-KW
- n®v Pe-kw-c£
- W
- h
- p-ambn _‘-
s∏´ Hcp FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Xbm-dm-°p-I. (kvtIm¿ 6)

3.6 ap{Zm-Ko-X-߃ Fgp-XpI

˛ A¥m-cm-jv{S-P-e-Zn-\-Øn¬ \S-Øm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ Pe-kw-c-£-W-dm-en-bn-tebv°v c≠p

ap{Zm-Ko-X-߃ Fgp-Xp-I. (kvtIm¿ 2)

t]Pv 8
3.7 Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p- X-bm-dm-°pI

\mb
Ch≥ kvt\ln-°p-∂p,
]Icw tNmZn-°m˛
\dn-ho-e, ]q¿W-k-a¿∏Ww am{Xw
Hcp-]n-Snb∂w sImSp-°p-I,
]ns∂
arXn-tbmfw \ofpw IrX-⁄-X-am{Xw
Hcp t]cn´p \o
hnfn-°pI, ]ns∂˛
∏ncn-bn-√m-, ]n≥t]
\S-°p-I-am{Xw
Hcp-X-tem-S¬ \ob-cp-fpI
Im¬°¬
Xe-Nmbv°pw t{]a-hn-h-i-X-am{Xw
Ch≥ shdpw \mb,
alm-a-\p-jy-sc,
Ch≥ ssZh-Øn-s‚˛
bnfw {]Xn-—m-b. ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

(kvtIm¿ 6)
3.8 HuNn-Xy-`wKn Fgp-XpI

ama-c-∏® hI-™p-am‰n
Nmcp-hm-bmtcm Nncn®p \n¬t°
Bthmfw ImWm≥ IpXn-®p-s]mßn
Øqhp-a-tØ-߬ ]nSn-®-S-°n.

˛ ASn-h-c-bn´ {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS HuNn-Xy-`wKn hni-Z-am°n Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I. (kvtIm¿ 4)

***

t]Pv 9