WIND LOADS

COMPUTATIONS ARE BASED UPON THE PROVISIONS STIPULATED IN THE NSCP 2015

SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS

QZ - VELOCITY PRESSURE EVALUATED AT HEIGHT Z ABOVE THE GROUND, Pa
QH - VELOCITY PRESSURE EVALUATED AT MEAN ROOF HEIGHT H, Pa
QP - VELOCITY PRESSURE EVALUATED AT THE TOP OF THE PARAPET
G - GUST EFFECT FACTOR FOR RIGID BUILDINGS
KZ - VELOCITY PRESSURE EXPOSURE COEFFICIENT EVALUATED AT HEIGHT Z

KZT - TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR AS DEFINED IN SECTION 207A.8.1

KD - WIND DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR IN TABLE 207A.6-1

V - BASIC WIND SPEED OBTAINED FROM FIGURE 207A.5-1C, m/s

PP - COMBINED NET PRESSURE ON THE PARAPET AS DEFINED ON SECTION 207C.4.2, Pa

GCP - PRODUCT OF EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT AND GUST EFFECT FACTOR

GCPI - PRODUCT OF INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT AND GUST-EFFECT FACTOR

GCPN - COMBINED NET PRESSURE COEFFICIENT FOR A PARAPET

SECTION 207A - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

BASIC PARAMETERS:
• BASIC WIND SPEED, V, SEE FIGURE 207A.5-1A, B, OR C
• WIND DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR, KD, SEE SECTION 207A.6
• EXPOSURE CATEGORY, SEE SECTION 207A.7
• TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR, KZT, SEE SECTION 207A.8
• GUST EFFECT FACTOR, SEE SECTION 207A.9
• ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION, SEE SECTION 207A.10
• INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, (GCPI), SEE
SECTION 207A.11

WIND LOADS ON THE MWFRS WILL BE DETERMINED BY:

SECTION 207B: DIRECTIONAL PROCEDURE FOR BUILDING
OF ALL HEIGHTS.

DESIGN PARAMETERS
SECTION 207A.1.2.1. MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM (MWFRS)
SECTION 207A.2. DEFINITIONS.
BUILDING, LOW RISE
CONDITIONS:
MEAN ROOF HEIGHT, H ≤ 18 M.
H ≤ LEAST HORIZONTAL FLOOR DIMENSION

H = 7.10 + (0.50)(1.20) = 7.70 M. ≤ 18 M.

SECTION 207A.5.2. BASIC WIND SPEED, V
REFERRING TO FIGURE 207A.5-1A (BASIC WIND SPEED FOR
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY III, IV AND V BUILDINGS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES), BASIC WIND SPEED, V, FOR REGION XII IS 290 KPH.
SECTION 207A.6. WIND DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR, KD
FROM TABLE 207A.6-1 OF THE NSCP 2015, THE DIRECTIONALITY
FACTOR, KD, FOR MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM (MWFRS) IS 0.85.
SECTION 207A.7.3. EXPOSURE CATEGORY
EXPOSURE B
FIGURE 207A.5-1A.

SECTION 208.A.8.2. TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR, KZT

THE WIND SPEED-UP EFFECT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE
CALCULATION OF DESIGN WIND LOADS BY USING THE FACTOR KZT :
2
KZT = (1 + K1 + K2 + K3) ; K1 = K2 = K3 = 0
KZT = 1.0
SECTION 207A.9.J GUST EFFECT FACTOR, G
THE GUST-EFFECT FACTOR FOR A RIGID BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE
IS PERMITTED TO BE TAKEN AS 0.85.
SECTION 207A.10 ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION
ENCLOSED BUILDING
SECTION 207A.L 1.1 INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, GCPI

TABLE 207A.11-1.INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, GCPI

ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION GCPI

ENCLOSED BUILDING ± 0.18

FOR THE COMPUTATION OF ROOF PRESSURES FOR GABLE OR HIP ROOF WITH PARAPET, WE ADAPT THE
EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT FACTOR FROM THE TABLE GIVEN BY NSCP 2015 ON FIGURE 207B.6-2 FOR THE
APPLICATION OF ROOF PRESSURES ON ENCLOSED SIMPLE DIAPHRAGM BUILDINGS.

EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT FACTOR

H (METERS) EXP B EXP D

3 0.662 1.227

4.5 0.6765 1.208

6 0.691 1.189

7.1 0.6967 1.16187

7.8 0.7036 1.1452 ; KH AND KZ

8.6 0.7092 1.1257

9 0.712 1.116
1.00

ROOF SLOPE

1.00
0.20

θ=10.125°
5.60

TANθ =
1/5.6

8.60
θ= 10.125°
7.80
7.10

H/L = 7.80/11.50
H/L = 0.678
L/B = 11.50/18
11.50
L/B = 0.639

ROOF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS, CV , FOR USE WITH QH

WINDWARD
WIND
ANGLE, θ (DEGREES)
DIRECTION
H/L 10 10.125 15

≤ 0.25 -0.7 -0.695 -0.5

NORMAL TO 0.5 -0.9 -0.8950 -0.7000

RIDGE FOR θ≥
10° 0.678 -1.0424 -1.0365 -0.8068

≥ 1.0 -1.3 -1.2925 -1.0000

LEEWARD
WIND
ANGLE, θ (DEGREES)
DIRECTION
H/L 10 10.125 15

≤ 0.25 -0.3 -0.305 -0.5

NORMAL TO 0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5

RIDGE FOR θ≥
10° 0.678 -0.5712 -0.57031 -0.5356

≥ 1.0 -0.7 -0.6975 -0.6

SECTION 207B.3.2. VELOCITY PRESSURE

2
QH = 0.613KZKZT KDV ; V = 290 KPH = 80.56 M/S
2
QH = 0.613(0.7036)(1)(0.85)(80.56 )
QH = 2379.272287 PA = 2.379 KPA

DESIGN LOAD, P OR F (MWFRS FOR LOW RISE BUILDING)

GENERAL EQUATION FOR ROOF AND WALL PRESSURES
P = QZ(GCP) - QH(GCPI) ; (EQUATION 207B.4-1)

P @ ROOFS
P = QZ(GCP) - QH(GCPI) ; FOR WINDWARD AND LEEWARD ROOF, QZ = QH
P = QH[(GCP) - (GCPI)]

FOR WINDWARD ROOF

P = 2.379[(0.85)(-1.0365)-(±0.18)]
P = -2.524 KPA OR -1.668 KPA

FOR LEEWARD ROOF

P = 2.379[(0.85)(-0.57031)-(±0.18)]
P = -1.5815 KPA OR -0.725 KPA
 WALL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, CP

SURFACE L/B CP USE WITH

WINDWARD WALL ALL VALUES 0.8 QZ

0-1 -0.5

LEEWARD WALL 2 -0.3 QH

≥4 -0.2

SIDE WALL ALL VALUES -0.7 QH

P @ WALLS
P = QZ(GCP) - QH(GCPI)
2
QZ = 0.613KZKZT KDV ; V = 290 KPH = 80.56 M/S

@ Z = 3 METERS
2
QZ = 0.613(0.662)(1)(0.85)(80.56 )
QZ = 2238.599 PA OR 2.239 KPA

@ Z = 4.5 METERS
2
QZ = 0.613(0.6765)(1)(0.85)(80.56 )
QZ = 2287.632 PA OR 2.288 KPA

@ Z = 6 METERS
2
QZ = 0.613(0.691)(1)(0.85)(80.56 )
QZ = 2336.6645 PA OR 2.337 KPA

@ Z = 7.1 METERS
2
QZ = 0.613(0.6967)(1)(0.85)(80.56 )
QZ = 2355.94 PA OR 2.356 KPA

FOR WINDWARD WALL

@ Z = 3 METERS
P3M = 2.239(0.85)(0.80)-(2.379)(±0.18)
P3M = 1.0943 KPA OR 1.95074 KPA

@ Z = 4.5 METERS
P3M = 2.288(0.85)(0.80)-(2.379)(±0.18)
P3M = 1.12762 KPA OR 1.98406 KPA

@ Z = 6 METERS
P3M = 2.337(0.85)(0.80)-(2.379)(±0.18)
P3M = 1.16094 KPA OR 2.01738 KPA

@ Z = 7.1 METERS
P3M = 2.356(0.85)(0.80)-(2.379)(±0.18)
P3M = 1.17386 KPA OR 2.0303 KPA

FOR LEEWARD WALL (SINCE L/B = 0.639, USE CP = -0.5)

P = QH[(GCP) - (GCPI)]
P = 2.379[(0.85)(-0.50)-(±0.18)]
P = -1.439 KPA OR -0.583 KPA

P @ PARAPET WALLS
PP = QP(GCPN) ; GCPN = +1.50 FOR WINDWARD PARAPET,
-1.0 FOR LEEWARD PARAPET
2
QP = 0.613KZKZT KDV ; V = 290 KPH = 80.56 M/S
@ 8.60 METERS
2
QP = 0.613(0.7092)(1)(0.85)(80.56 )
QP = 2398.209 PA OR 2.398 KPA

FOR WINDWARD PARAPET

PP = 2.398(1.50)
PP = 3.597 KPA

FOR LEEWARD PARAPET

PP = 2.398(-1.0)
PP = -2.398 KPA
 SUMMARY OF WIND LOADS
SURFACE HEIGHT LOAD

WINDWARD ROOF 7.80 -2.524 KPA

LEEWARD ROOF 7.80 -1.582 KPA

3 1.951 KPA

4.50 1.984 KPA

WINDWARD WALL
6 2.017 KPA

7.10 2.030 KPA

LEEWARD WALL 7.10 -1.439 KPA

WINDWARD PARAPET 8.6 3.597 KPA

LEEWARD PARAPET 8.6 -2.398 KPA

A
4 KP
2.52 1.58
2 KP

2.398 KPA
3.597 KPA

A
2.03
KPA
2.017
KPA

8.60
1.439 KPA
1.984
KPA

7.10
6.00
4.50
1.951 KPA

3.00

11.50