Figures of Speech by Tushar Chavan

Figures Of Speech:-
Collected By – Prof. Tushar Chavan

Rashtriya Jr. College, Chalisgaon Dist. Jalgaon
Contact :- 9850737199
1) Alliteration –
When in a sentence, there is repetition of the
beginning sounds of neighbouring words, it is
the use of alliteration.
†Œãã²ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ÌãñØãÌãñØãß¾ãã ÍãºªãÞ¾ãã
ÔãìÁÌãã¦ããèÊãã Ôã½ãã¶ã £Ìã¶ããè ¹ãì¶Öã ¹ãì¶Öã ‚ããÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã
¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ alliteration ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
a) Raju brings himself to the bank of a bay.
b) He holds his head high.
c) ‡ãŠã‡ãîŠ¶ãñ ‡ãŠã‡ãŠãÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñ ‡ãŠãØãª ‡ãŠã¨ããè¶ãñ ‡ãŠã¹ãî¶ã
‡ãŠã¤Êãñ.
Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College, Chalisgaon (Jalgaon) 9850737199
2) Repetition –
When in a sentence same words are
repeated, it is the use of repetition.
†Œãã²ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã •ãÀ †Œããªã Íãºª ¹ãì¶Öã
¹ãì¶Öã ‚ããÊãñÊãã ‚ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ repetition ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
a) Rain, rain go away.
b) Johny Jonhy, yes pappa.
c) ªñÌãã Öãñ ªñÌãã Øã¥ã¹ã¦ããè ªñÌãã.
Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,
Chalisgaon (Jalgaon) 9850737199
3) Personification –
When in a sentence non – living (inanimate) things,
animals, birds, plants, flowers or ideas etc. are given the
human qualities or they are described as human beings,
it is the use of personification.
†Œãã²ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã •ãÀ ãä¶ã•ããêÌã ÌãÔ¦ãî, ½ãã¶ãÌãñ¦ãÀ ¹ãÆã¥ããè,
Ìã¶ãÔ¹ã¦ããè, ¹ãàããè, ¹ãîŠÊã ƒ¦¾ããªãé¶ãã ½ãã¶ãÌããè Øãî¥ã ãäªÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ãã¦ã
ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ¦¾ããâ¶ãã ½ãã¶ãÌããÔããÀŒãñ ÌããØã¦ããâ¶ãã ªãŒãÌãÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ãñ ¦ãñÌÖã
¦ãñ©ãñ personification ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
a) The waves are singing a song.
b) Stars danced in the sky.
c) ¦ããè ¹ãÖã ÔãÌããÃ¦ã ½ããØãñ ½ãã¶ã „âÞããÌãî¶ã ¹ããÖ¥ããÀãè ›ñ‡ãŠ¡ãè.ãä¦ãÞ¾ãã
¹ãã¾ãã•ãÌãßî¶ã „¡¿ãã ½ããÀãè¦ã •ãã¥ããÀã, Øãã¦ã •ãã¥ããÀã ¦ããñ ‚ãÌãŒãß
¢ãÀã Chalisgaon (Jalgaon) 9850737199
4) Simile –
When in a sentence a direct comparison is made
between two objects of different kinds which have
at least one point in common shown using ‘like’ or
‘as’ , it is the use of simile.
†Œãã²ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã •ãÀ ªãñ¶ã ÌãÔ¦ãî, Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã, ¹ãÆã¥ããè, Øãì¥ãÌãõãäÍãÓ›ñ,
ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã, ½ãÖ¦Ìã ƒ¦¾ããªãéÞããè ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàããäÀ¦¾ãã ¦ãìÊã¶ãã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ‚ãÔãñÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã½ã£ããèÊã
†‡ãŠ½ãñÌã Ôãã½¾ã ªãŒãÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè like ãä‡ãâŠÌãã as ¾ããâÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãã ‚ãÔã¦ããñ
¦ãñÌÖã ¦ãñ©ãñ simile ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) Kashmir is like a heaven of India.
2) The road lies like the shaped carpet.
3) ãäÍãÌãã•ããè ½ãÖãÀã•ã ãäÔãâÖãÔããÀŒãñ Öãñ¦ãñ.
5) Metaphor –
When an indirect comparison is made in between two
objects of different kinds which have at least one point in
common, it is the use of metaphor. There is no use of
words ‘like’ and ‘as’.
†Œãã²ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã •ãÀ ªãñ¶ã ÌãÔ¦ãî, Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ã, ¹ãÆã¥ããè,
Øãì¥ãÌãõãäÍãÓ›ñ, ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã, ½ãÖ¦Ìã ƒ¦¾ããªãéÞããè ‚ã¹ãÆ¦¾ãàããäÀ¦¾ãã ¦ãìÊã¶ãã
‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè ‚ãÔãñÊã ‚ãããä¥ã ¦¾ãã½ã£ããèÊã †‡ãŠ½ãñÌã Ôãã½¾ã ªãŒãÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè
like ãä‡ãâŠÌãã as ¾ããâÞãã „¹ã¾ããñØã ‡ãñŠÊãñÊãã ¶ãÔã¦ããñ ¦ãñÌÖã ¦ãñ©ãñ metaphor
‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) Time is money.
2) The camel is the ship of the desert.
3) ãäÍãÌãã•ããè ½ãÖãÀã•ã ãäÔãâÖ Öãñ¦ãñ. Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College, Chalisgaon (Jalgaon)
9850737199
6) Onomatopoeia –
When in a sentence a word it self expresses
sound, it is the use of onomatopoeia.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÌãã•ã
ªÍãÃ‡ãŠ Íãºª Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ
onomatopoeia ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) The dog’s bhoo bhoo is creating noise.
2) I heard him tap the door.
3) ¢ãî‡ãŠ ¢ãî‡ãŠ ¢ãî‡ãŠ ¢ãî‡ãŠ ‚ãããØãè¶ãØãã¡ãè.
7) Inversion –
When in a sentence words are not in a correct
prose order (S + V + O), it is the use of
inversion.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‡ãŠ¦ããÃ + ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã¹ãª +
‡ãŠ½ãÃ ‚ãÍããè ÀÞã¶ãã ¶ã ªñ¦ãã ¦ããè ¾ã½ã‡ãŠ •ãìßÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè
ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‚ã¶¾ã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ããÔããŸãè ÌãñØãßãè ãäªÊãñÊããè ‚ãÔã¦ãñ ¦ãñÌÖã
¦ãñ©ãñ inversion ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) But don’t you quit.
2) In vain is the world play.
3) Ö½ã ‚ãã¹ã‡ãñŠ Öõ ‡ãŠãõ¶ã. Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,
8) Hyperbole –
When in a sentence a statement is made emphatic
by over-statement or exaggeration, it is the use of
hyperbole.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‚ããä¦ãÍã¾ããñ‡ã‹¦ããè ‡ãñŠÊãñÊããè
‚ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ hyperbole ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) She wept a bucket full of tears.
2) I’ve told you a hundred times.
3) ª½ã¡ãèÞã ¦ãñÊã ‚ãã¥ãÊãñ, ¦¾ãã¦ã ÔããÔãìºããƒÄÞããè ‚ããâÜããñß
¢ããÊããè,„ÀÊãñÊãñ ¦ãñÊã Ôããâ¡Êãñ, ¦ãñ ÌãñÍããè¹ã¾ãÄ¦ã ÌããÖ¦ã ØãñÊãñ, ¦¾ãã¦ã
„â› ¹ããñÖî¶ã ØãñÊãã.
9) Antithesis –
When in a sentence the opposite words or
ideas are used side by side, it is the use of
antithesis.
•ãÀ Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ãäÌãÁ® ‚ã©ããÃÞãñ Íãºª
ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ antithesis
‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) He wants to light the dark route.
2) It may be near when it seems afar.
3) „Üã¡ÊãñÊããè ãäŒã¡‡ãŠãè ¦¾ãã¶ãñ ºãâª ‡ãñŠÊããè.
10) Climax –
When in a sentence ideas, thoughts, value,
importance, qualities etc. are arranged in
ascending order, it is the use of climax.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã, ãäÌãÞããÀ, ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã,
½ãÖ¦Ìã,Øãì¥ãÌãõãäÍãÓ›ñ ƒ¦¾ããªãè Þã¤¦¾ãã ‰ãŠ½ãã¶ãñ ãäªÊãñÊãñ
‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ climax ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) She came, she saw, she conquered.
2) They enjoy liquor with dance and drums.
3) ¦ããè ‚ããÊããè, ãä¦ã¶ãñ ¹ããÖãèÊãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¦ã¶ãñ ãä•ãâ‡ãîŠ¶ã Üãñ¦ãÊãñ.
11) Anti-climax –
When in a sentence ideas are presented in
descending order, it is the use of anti-climax.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã, ãäÌãÞããÀ,
ãä‡ãâŠ½ã¦ã, ½ãÖ¦Ìã,Øãì¥ãÌãõãäÍãÓ›ñ ƒ¦¾ããªãè „¦ãÀ¦¾ãã ‰ãŠ½ãã¶ãñ
ãäªÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ anti-climax ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) The soldier fights for glory and a shilling a
day.
2) He swears before sun, moon and leaves.
3) ãä•ã©ãñ ¹ãîŠÊãñ ÌãñÞãÊããè ãä¦ã©ãñ ØããñÌãÅ¾ãã ÌãñÞã¥¾ããÞããè Ìãñß
‚ããÊããè.
12) Transfer Epithet –
When in a an adjective is
sentence
transferred from its proper word to another
that is closely associated with, it is the use of
transferred epithet.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã †Œããªá¾ãã ¶ãã½ããÞãñ
ãäÌãÍãñÓã¥ã ªìÔãÅ¾ãã ¶ãã½ããÊãã ãäªÊãñ •ãã¦ãñ ¦ãñÌÖã ¦ãñ©ãñ
transferred epithet ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) I passed three sleepless nights.
2) Veens shook her doubtful curls.
3) ‡ãŠ¥ããÃÞãñ „ªãÀ Öã¦ã. Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,
13) Paradox –
When in a sentence self contradictory
statements are made,it is the use of paradox.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ãäÌãÀãñ£ãã¼ããÔã
ãäªÊãñÊãã ‚ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ paradox ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) The swiftest traveler is he that goes a foot.
2) Her questions found their own answers.
3) The best teacher is who teaches least.
4) •ãÀãè ‚ããâ£ãßãè ½ããè ¦ãìÊãã ¹ããÖ¦ãñ.

14) Euphemism –
When in a sentence a harsh thing is expressed in a
mild way, it is the use of euphemism.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‚ããä¹ãÆ¾ã,
‚ãÍãî¼ã ØããñÓ› ÔãÀß Íãºªã¦ã ¶ã ÔããâØã¦ãã ¦ããè ‚ã¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã
ãäÀ¦ããè¶ãñ Ôãããõ½¾ã Íãºªã¦ã ÔããâØããè¦ãÊããè ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ euphemism
‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) He is no more.
2) When I am gone away.
3) ¦ããñ Ôã£¾ãã ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀÞãã ¹ããÖî¥ãÞããÀ Üãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ.
15) Synecdoche –
When in a sentence a part is used to designate
the whole or vice versa, it is the use of
synecdoche.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã †Œãã²ãã
¼ããØããÌãÁ¶ã ¹ãî¥ãÃ ÌãÔ¦ãîÞããè, Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ãÞããè ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ããÞããè
‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ¾ãñ¦ã ‚ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ synecdoche ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) More hands should be employed.
2) Give us our daily bread.
3) ÔããŸ ¹ããÌãÔããßñ ¹ãããäÖÊãñÊãã ½ãã¥ãîÔã ‚ããÖñ ¦ããñ.
16) Apostrophe –
When in a sentence a direct address is made to the
dead, non-living objects, plants, animals, birds, absent
persons, god etc. , it is the use of apostrophe.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã †Œãã²ãã ãä¶ãÃ•ããèÌã
ÌãÔ¦ãîÊãã, ½ãð¦ã Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ãÊãã, Ìã¶ãÔ¹ã¦ããé¶ãã, ½ãã¶ãÌãñ¦ãÀ ¹ãÆã¥¾ããâ¶ãã,
¹ãàããâ¶ãã, ‚ã¶ãì¹ããäÔ©ã¦ã Ì¾ããä‡ã‹¦ãÊãã, ªñÌããÊãã „ñÍãî¶ã ãäÌãÞããÀ ½ããâ¡ÊãñÊãñ
‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ apostrophe ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) O moon, give me moonlight.
2) O God, save me.
3) ¶ãñ ½ã•ãÍããè ¶ãñ ¹ãÀ¦ã ½ãã¦ãð¼ãî½ããèÊãã, ÔããØãÀã ¹ãÆã¥ã ¦ãß½ãßÊãã.
17) Tautology –
When in a sentence different words of same
meaning are used for the sake of force, it is the
use of tautology.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã †‡ãŠãÞã ‚ã©ããÃ Þãñ
ãäÌããäÌã£ã Íãºª Ìãã¹ãÀÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ tautology
‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) I have seen it with my own eyes.
2) I want to hear fairy tales and stories from him.
3) ¹ãã¥¾ããÞããè Ìããù›À ºãùØã.
4) ¦ããñ ª½ãÊãñÊãã ©ã‡ãŠÊãñÊãã ‚ããÖñ. Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,
18) Irony –
When in a sentence there is a contrast between what is
said and what is meant, or between appearance and
reality, it is the use of irony.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã Ì¾ãâØã ªÍãÃãäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè
ãä‡ãâŠÌãã „¹ãÖãÔã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ ãäÌãÀãñ£ããè ãäÌãÞããÀ ãä‡ãâŠÌãã Üã›¶ãã
†‡ãŠ¨ã ½ããâ¡ÊãñÊ¾ãã ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ irony ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) The Titanic was said to be unsinkable but sank on its first
voyage.
2) Wisdom shall die with you.
3) He is thief but an honest man.
4) ½ãã¢¾ããÔããÀŒãã 35 ›‡ã‹¾ããâ¶ããè ¹ããÔã Öãñ¥ããÀã ãäÌã´ã¶ã ¾ãñ©ãñ ‚ãÔã¦ããâ¶ãã
‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãŠãß•ããè ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã.
19) Pun –
When in a sentence a word is used with two
meanings then there is use of pun.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã †Œãã²ãã
Íãºªã¦ãî¶ã ªãñ¶ã ªãñ¶ã ‚ã©ãÃ ãä¶ãÜã¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ
pun ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) His knowledge of sound is not sound.
2) An ambassador is an honest man who lies
abroad for the good of his country.
3) ‚ãã½Öãè ãäºã Üã¡Êããñ ¦ãì½Öãè ãäºã Üã¡ã.Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,
20) Interrogation –
When a mere question is asked not for
an answer but to put a point more
effectively, it is called Interrogation.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ¹ãÆÍ¶ã
ãäªÊãñÊãã ‚ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ interrogation ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) Is this your attitude?
2) Can two and two ever make five?
3) ½ããè ‡ãŠãñ¥ã ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ããè ½ãÊãã ÔããâØãñÊã ‡ãŠã?
21) Exclamation –
When in a sentence there is expression of
strong feelings then there is use of
exclamation.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã „¬ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊãã
‚ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ exclamation ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) Now all has become history!
2) What a piece of work man is!
3) ªñÌãã ‡ãŠã¾ã ¦ãì¢ãã Þã½ã¦‡ãŠãÀ !
22) Metonymy –
When in a sentence there is association of
two objects and one object is described as
another, it is the use of metonymy.
•ãÀ ãäªÊãñÊ¾ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ªãñ¶ã ÌãÔ¦ãîâ½ã£ããèÊã
ÔãÖÔãâºãâ£ã ãäªÊãñÊãã ‚ãÔãñÊã ‚ãããä¥ã †‡ãŠã ÌãÔ¦ãîÊãã ªìÔãÀãè
ÌãÔ¦ãîÞãñ Á¹ã ãäªÊãñÊãñ ‚ãÔãñÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ metonymy ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
e.g.
1) The pen is mightier than the sword.
2) How close he was to the golden crown.
3) ¦ããñ ¦ãÀ ½ãã¢ãã ¡ãÌãã Öã¦ã ‚ããÖñ.
23) Oxymoron
When in a sentence two words of
opposite meanings of same person or
thing are placed side by side then
there is use of oxymoron.
•ãÀ †Œãã²ãã Ìãã‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã †‡ãŠãÞã Ì¾ã‡ã‹¦ããè
ãä‡ãâŠÌãã ÌãÔ¦ãî ãäÌãÓã¾ããè ªãñ¶ã ãäÌãÁ® ‚ã©ããÃÞãñ Íãºª ãäªÊãñÊãñ
‚ãÔã¦ããèÊã ¦ãÀ ¦ãñ©ãñ oxymoron ‚ãÔã¦ãñ.
1) It’s a open secret
2) She is Awfully pretty.
3) She was found missing. Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,
4) ¦ããñ Ô¹ãÓ›¹ã¥ãñ Øããò£ãßÊãñÊãã Öãñ¦ãã
Thank You
Prof. Tushar Chavan

Rashtriya Junior College,
Chalisgaon
Dist. Jalgaon
Contact No. 9850737199


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Figures of Speech by Tushar Chavan

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Figures Of Speech:-

Collected By – Prof. Tushar Chavan

Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,

Prof. Tushar Chavan

Prof. Tushar Chavan, R.Jr.College,

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