Rights Under Inheritance and Succession Laws and Rights Relating To Marriage and Property in India

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Rights under Inheritance

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and Succession Laws

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Rights Relating to KHA

F ¤AiÀÄªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀåQÛUÀ¼À zsÀªÀÄðzÀ DzsÁjvÀªÁVªÉ. F ¥ÀÄlÖ ¥ÀÄ¸ÀÛPÀzÀ°è
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GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÉÆ0¢UÉ ¤ªÀÄUÁV ªÀtÂð¸À¯ÁVªÉ.
Marriage and Property Legal Consultant: Sowmya Lakshmi Bhat, Advocate, Bengaluru
Karna
House
in india sowmyaabhat@gmail.com
Asset
KHAS
December 2011
Karnataka Household
Asset Survey
Legal Literacy
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
Booklet
Centre for Public Policy (CPP)
Measuring
BANGALOREthe
(IIMB)
Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 560076, Karnataka, India
Gender Asset Gap
Ph: 91 80 26993323. Fax: 91 80 26994050
Email: genderassetgap@iimb.ernet.in
Project website: http://genderassetgap.iimb.ernet.in
website: www.iimb.ernet.in
Hema Swaminathan
Suchitra J. Y.
2 ¥Á®Ä ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉÆÃ ºÁUÉAiÉÄÃ ZÀgÀ D¹Û, ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀgÀ°è 58% vÀªÀÄä vÀ0zÉvÁ¬ÄAiÀÄj0zÀ ¦vÁæfðvÀªÁV ¥ÀqÉ¢zÁÝgÉ CªÀgÀ ¥Àæ±Éß-GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ, ¤ªÀÄä ºÀPÀÌ£ÀÄß Cj¬Äj.
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KHA
© December 2011 GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÉÆ0¢UÉ ¤ªÀÄUÁV ªÀtÂð¸À¯ÁVªÉ.
Karna
Centre for Public Policy
Indian Institute of Management
Legal Consultant: Sowmya Lakshmi Bhat, Advocate, Bengaluru
sowmyaabhat@gmail.com
House
Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 560076, Karnataka, India Asset
Ph: 91 80 26993323. Fax: 91 80 26994050 December 2011
Website: www.iimb.ernet.in
Design and layout:

Communication for Development and Learning
11/A, 7th Cross, 17th Main, Koramangala 6th Block
Bangalore 560095, Karnataka, India INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE (IIMB)
Ph: 91 80 25503481 Fax: 91 80 41478470 Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 560076, Karnataka, India
Email: cdlblr@gmail.com Ph: 91 80 26993323. Fax: 91 80 26994050
Website:www.cdlblr.org Email: genderassetgap@iimb.ernet.in
Table of Contents
3 ¥Á®Ä ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉÆÃ ºÁUÉAiÉÄÃ ZÀgÀ D¹Û, ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀgÀ°è 58% vÀªÀÄä vÀ0zÉvÁ¬ÄAiÀÄj0zÀ ¦vÁæfðvÀªÁV ¥ÀqÉ¢zÁÝgÉ CªÀgÀ ¥Àæ±Éß-GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ, ¤ªÀÄä ºÀPÀÌ£ÀÄß Cj¬Äj.
PÀÆqÁ ¥Á®Ä ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ Rights under the Christian
¨sÀÆ«ÄAiÀÄ0vÀºÀInheritance
M0zÀÄ GvÁàzÀPÀ D¹ÛAiand
ÀÄ°è F Succession
vÁgÀvÀªÀÄå E£ÀÆß C¢üPÀLaws
- 4
• ºÁUÉÃ M§â£À D¹Û AiÀiÁªÀ jÃwAiÀÄ°è ¥Á¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉÆÃ 85% ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀjUÉ ºÉÆÃ°¹zÀgÉ ¸Àj¸ÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄ 14% ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄgÀÄ ªÀiÁvÀæ vÀªÀÄä
CzÉÃ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è ¸Á®ªÀÇ ¥Á¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ vÀ0zÉvÁ¬ÄAiÀÄj0zÀ ¦vÁæfðvÀªÁV ¥ÀqÉ¢zÁÝgÉ.
PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄ UÀÄgÀÄw¸ÀÄªÀÅ¢®è. ºÁUÁV AiÀRights iÁªÀÅzÉÃ under the Hindu Inheritance
¨sÁgÀvÀ ¸ÁévÀ0vÀæ and Succession
÷å ¥ÀqÉzÀÄ 64 ªÀµÀðUÀ¼ÁzÀªÉÄÃ®Æ Laws
£ÀªÀÄä ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ°è EµÀÄÖ 7
Rights under the Muslim
¥ÀæwAiÉÆ§âInheritance
ªÀåQÛAiÀÄÆ w½zÀÄPÉÆ0qÀÄand Succession
C¼ÀªÀr¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ Cw ªÀÄÄRå. ¨sÁLaws
gÀvÀzÀ°è 11
KHA
GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÉÆ0¢UÉ ¤ªÀÄUÁV ªÀtÂð¸À¯ÁVªÉ.
Rights relating to Marriage and Property 14 Karna
Legal Consultant: Sowmya Lakshmi Bhat, Advocate, Bengaluru
House
Asset
December 2011

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE (IIMB)
Ph: 91 80 26993323. Fax: 91 80 26994050
Rights under the
Christian Inheritance and
Succession Laws
4 Who has rights over a Christian individual’s assets? Who are the
successors to her/his property? How does her/his property get
partitioned?
What rights does a woman have in such property?
The following pages help you get the answers to all these questions and
the laws related to them.
Read them.
Here, Sylvia, Benson, Benita, Vilma, Mary and Peter approach a lawyer
in order to understand their rights to property.
Through their conversations, you may get to know about your rights.
Know what the law says.
Sylvia has some property that she has inherited from Benson and Benita are siblings. Their father, John, died
her father. Recently her husband passed away. She now when they were very young. Their grandparents had two
wants to know how her husband’s property will be other children besides their father – another son, Vincent
divided and also wants to know how she can bequeath and a daughter, Rita. Now, their grandfather has died and
her own assets. Therefore she goes to a lawyer, Deepa. they come to Deepa wanting to understand how his property
is to be divided.
Deepa: How many children do you have? Had your
Deepa: Since your grandmother is alive, she will receive
husband written a will?
1/3 share in your grandfather’s property. In
Sylvia: I have two children – a daughter and a son. what remains, three equal divisions have to be
My husband has not left behind a will. made – one each for your father, Vincent and
Rita. Since your father is not alive, both of you
Deepa: In that case, you will get 1/3 share in your have equal shares in his share, i.e., each of you Vilma Sequira is 60 years old and does not have any children.
husband’s property, and the remainder of will get 1/9 of the property. Her husband died recently. His other relatives are a brother
it will get equally divided between your two and a nephew (son of a deceased sister). Vilma comes to Deepa
children, i.e., 1/3 to your son and 1/3 to Some important points: asking about the division of her husband’s property.
your daughter. Now regarding your own
property, you can prepare a will specifying • The Christian laws of inheritance and succession are
Deepa: You will receive 1/2 of your husband’s property.
the same for both men and women.
5 in it who should be the recipients of your
property upon your death. In the event • All property owned by an individual, no matter what
Of the remaining half, his brother and nephew
will get equal shares, i.e., each of them will get
that you don’t write a will, after your the mode of acquisition, is treated as her/his self-
1/4 of the property.
death, your property will be equally divided acquired property.
between your son and daughter. • During the individual’s life-time, no one can lay any Points to note:
claims on her/his property. She/he can sell it, will it
or gift it away to anyone. • If the deceased individual has a wife and children, then
• If the property is not willed, then upon the death of the wife gets 1/3 share of his property and all the children
the individual, it will devolve to her/his successors. have equal shares in the remaining 2/3. If any of the
children of the deceased individual have predeceased
him, and they have children, then the children of the
Mary Pais has a son and a daughter. The son is no more
individual’s pre-deceased children will get equal shares in
and is survived by his widow. Recently Mary’s husband died
the share that their parent would have received.
and she approaches Deepa. She wants to know how her
husband’s property will be divided and specifically wants to • If the deceased individual has a wife and no children, but
know if she can help her daughter-in-law by giving her some has other blood-relatives, then the wife gets 1/2 of his
of this property. property and the blood relatives get equal shares in the
Deepa: Since your husband has not written a will, remaining half.
you will receive 1/3 share in your husband’s
property and your daughter will get the • If the deceased individual has a wife but no children,
remaining 2/3. Your daughter-in-law does not grand-children, great-grand-children or any other blood
relatives, then the wife gets his entire property.
have a share in your husband’s property – she
has a share only in her husband’s property. If • If the deceased individual’s wife is pre-deceased and they
your son and daughter-in-law had had children, are survived by children, then his property is divided
the children would have had a share in their equally among the children (and grand-children in the
grandfather’s property since children of a pre- case of pre-deceased children). If the individual has no
deceased child have rights to property. However, children or grandchildren, then the property will go to his
the spouse of a pre-deceased child does not have other blood relatives.
any rights.
• When an individual has surviving direct will have greater legal standing in case it is contested. Two Mary is William’s second wife and they have two children.
descendents, i.e., children, grand-children, great- witnesses are mandatory for a will whether it is on stamp William has children through his first wife too, who is
grand-children, then other blood relatives, i.e., paper or ordinary paper. also alive. A few days back, William died suddenly in an
father, mother, brother, sister, niece, nephew, accident. Mary comes to Deepa asking if she would have
etc., do not have a right to the property. any rights to William’s property.
Points to note regarding devolution of property to
Julian D’ Souza’s husband died a few years ago. other blood relatives: Deepa: Neither you nor your children have any rights
She does not have any children. She has two sisters • Only when the deceased individual is not survived to William’s property. Only his first wife and
and two brothers. One of her brothers is also no by a spouse and direct descendents does the her children have rights to inherit their father’s
longer alive and is survived by three children. When property go to other blood relatives. property.
Julian D’ Souza dies, her nephew (brother’s son), • Among the other blood relatives, if the father
Peter, approaches Deepa asking her what to do with • What is to be noted here is that if William had married
of the deceased individual is alive, then all the
Julian’s property. Mary upon the death of or after getting divorced from
property will go to the father.
his first wife, then both Mary and her children would
Deepa: Julian’s property has to be divided into • If the father of the deceased individual is not alive
have had a share in William’s property. In such an
four equal shares – one for each of her but the mother is, the entire property will go to her
event, the children of William’s first wife would have
only when other blood relatives including siblings,
four siblings. You and your two siblings also had equal shares in the property as Mary’s children.
nieces and nephews are also not alive.
will get equal shares in the 1/4 that your • If the father of the deceased individual is not
6 father would have received. alive but the mother is, and there are other blood A few more important issues:
Peter also asked her to explain to him the process of relatives such as brothers, sisters, nieces and
willing property. nephews, then all such blood relatives including • Just as immoveable property such as land, house,
the mother share equally in the property. etc., are partitioned as described here, moveable
Deepa: A will comes into effect only upon the assets including bank deposits, jewellery, furniture,
death of the person writing it. Therefore, vessels, etc., are also similar divided.
we can change a will as many times
as we want during our • The liabilities of the deceased individual are also
lifetime, and can also divided in the same ratio as the assets.
cancel it if we so want. • Christianity does not recognise adoption legally.
We can will only property Therefore, an individual can only be the guardian
that belongs to us, and of a child that she or he adopts and not the parent.
can give it to anyone Such an adopted child (ward) does not have any
we desire. Law does not legal inheritance and succession rights in the
prescribe a format of a property of the guardian.
valid will. However, certain
points need to be kept in
mind while drafting a will.
A will should be as clear as possible
and the writing should not give way
to any doubts or misconceptions.
Besides stating who will receive how
much, it is also good to spell out in
the will the reasons for such division.
It is not necessary to write a will on
stamp paper and have it registered
but it is desirable to do so since it
Rights under the
Hindu Inheritance and
Succession Laws
7 Who has rights over a Hindu individual’s assets? Who are the
successors to her/his property? What is ancestral property?
How does self-acquired property get partitioned?
The following pages help you get the answers to all these
questions and the laws related to them.
Read them.
Here, Mangala, Ramakka and Vidya approach a lawyer in order
to understand their rights to property.
Through their conversations, you may get to know about your
rights.
Mangala lives in the city with her husband and
three daughters. She has two brothers, Shekhar
• Ancestral property can be partitioned during
and Murthy. Their parents live with Shekhar and the lifetime of the head of the household.
his family in their native place, where they have 10 • The coparceners in ancestral property are the
acres of land and plantations. Murthy and his family head of the household and all his children
also live in the city, where he has a good factory job. irrespective of sex. All these coparceners have
Recently, Murthy went to his father and asked for his equal shares in the property. The spouse of
share in the property, and this led to strife within the the head of the household does not have any
family. Shekhar maintained that since he is the one coparcenery share.
who has been tending to the lands for all these years,
he should get a higher share in it. Mangala, aware • If the ancestral property is partitioned during
that daughters also have a share in parental property, the lifetime of the head of the household, his
also went and sought her share in it. Her brothers, share in it becomes akin to his self-acquired
however, turned her down saying that they had spent property and he has complete rights over it.
an enormous amount of money on her wedding, and • If the head of the household does not will away
therefore they would now give her Rs. 50,000 and his share in ancestral property, upon his death,
nothing more. Feeling somewhat unsure about the Susheela: His self-acquired property would now be the
sum of the 2 acres he receives as a result of the this share will devolve equally to his successors
situation, Mangala consulted a lawyer, Susheela.
8 partitioning of the ancestral property and the namely his widow, mother, daughters and sons.
Susheela: The main factor that determines how 2 acres that he had himself acquired earlier. • If the ancestral property is not partitioned
the property should be partitioned is It is up to him to decide what he wants to do during the lifetime of the head of the
whether this is your father’s ancestral with these 4 acres. He is free to sell it, gift it household, then upon his death, the surviving
property or self-acquired. Ancestral or will it to anyone that he pleases. To will coparceners can partition it or allow it to
property refers to that which has been means to put down in writing to whom this remain in status quo. If they decide to partition
inherited by him from his father, property will belong upon his death. Your it, then it will be done as explained above –
grandfather or other ancestors. Self- father is free to will it to anyone including a first the property is partitioned among the
acquired property is that which he has non-family member as well. In case he chooses coparceners, i.e., the head of the household and
acquired himself with his own efforts. not to will his property, upon his death, that his children; and second, in the deceased head’s
will be partitioned equally among your mother, share, his successors, i.e., his widow, mother
Mangala: Of the total 10 acres, 8 acres is yourself and your two brothers. Therefore, the and children, will get equal shares.
ancestral lands. The remaining 2 acres four of you will receive 1 acre each.
were acquired by my father himself. • The self-acquired property of an individual can
Mangala: So I have an equal share as my brothers? All the be alienated, i.e., willed, sold or gifted by him
Susheela: While your father is alive, only his expenses they claim were made on me are then or her in any manner he or she so pleases. If
ancestral property can be partitioned. not relevant in this context? none of these are done during their lifetime,
That will be divided into 4 equal parts then upon their death, this property will
– one each for you, Shekhar, Murthy Susheela: Yes, you have a share equal to that of your devolve equally to their successors.
and one for your father himself. This brothers. Didn’t your parents incur any • If any of the successors of the deceased
means that each of you will get 2 acres expenses on your brothers? Don’t all parents individual is a pre-deceased child, then the
of land. Your mother does not have incur expenses on both sons and daughters? spouse and children of this pre-deceased child
any share in this ancestral property. There is no connection between any such have equal shares in the share of their spouse/
expenses and share in property. parent.
Mangala: How about my father’s self-acquired
property?
Chikkanna died one year ago, leaving 8 acres of land done in both your names jointly, then you Note: A Hindu man’s successors include his widow, children and
and two houses, all his self-acquired property. His would have been an equal owner in it as your mother. However, a Hindu woman’s successors include only her
widow, Ramakka, has 2 acres of property which she husband. Now, you will only receive that share widower and children. Thereby:
inherited from her father. They have two daughters of the property you are entitled to as one of the
and a son. All the children are married and have • If a woman dies without willing her self-acquired property
successors. (acquired through her own efforts), upon her death, this
children of their own, and they all live independently
property will devolve to her successors namely her husband
in separate households. One month back, the son Ramakka: Alright. Then what about my own property? How
and children. In the event that she does not have any such
died in an accident. His widow who works in a bank would that be partitioned?
successors (or their children), then this property will devolve
comes to Ramakka seeking her share in the family to her husband’s successors. Only if her husband also does
property. Ramakka approaches Susheela to find out Susheela: Now, your property includes the 2 acres that you not have any successors, then it will devolve to her own
how the property should be partitioned. received from your father and the 2 acres that you
will get from the partitioning of your husband’s parents. If her parents are not alive, then it will devolve to her
father’s successors which would include her siblings, nieces,
Susheela: Had your husband left behind a will? property. This is now like your self-acquired
nephews and so on.
property and you can will it to anyone that you
Ramakka: He has willed the two houses one to please or you can sell it or gift it. However, if you • However, if a woman dies without making a will, having
each of our daughters. But the will is do not do any of these, then upon your death, it no direct successors (i.e., husband and children), and if the
not on any stamp paper and has not will be devolve in equal shares to your children. property left behind by her was inherited by her from her
been registered either. husband, then, this property will devolve to her husband’s
9 Some details about a will:
successors. In a similar circumstance, if that property was
inherited by her from her natal home, then it will devolve
Susheela: It is not necessary to have a will
registered. It suffices if it is clearly spelt back to her natal home.
out. So now, the 2 houses have been • Whatever is put down on a will comes into effect
bequeathed. Let us see how the rest only after the death of the person writing the will.
of the property will be divided. The 8 Therefore, during one’s lifetime, one is free to change
the contents of the will as many times as one pleases.
acres of your husband’s self-acquired
An individual can even cancel a will that has been
property must be divided into 4 equal written.
parts – one each for you and your • One can will only one’s self-acquired property. One
three children. That means each of you cannot will any property that does not belong to her or
will receive 2 acres. The 2 acres that him – such a will would fail any legal scrutiny.
should have gone to your son will now • One is free to will one’s property to anyone she or he
be equally divided between his widow so desires.
and son. • Law does not prescribe a format of a valid will.
However, certain points need to be kept in mind while
Ramakka: If it is my husband’s property, should drafting a will.
it not belong to me too? I have also • A will must be spelt out as clearly as possible. In
worked hard to earn and purchase it. addition to stating who would receive what share of
Shouldn’t half the property come to the property, it is also desirable to describe why the
me? sharing is to be done in this manner.
• A will should always be signed by two witnesses. While
Susheela: No, it cannot be done in that manner. a will can be written out on plain paper and not
There is no law that says that half necessarily on any stamp paper to be registered, it is
the husband’s property goes to the desirable to do so. This would make it easy to provide
wife. Only what is there in your name it as evidence in court.
belongs to you. However, when the
property was registered, if it had been
Vidya is 18 years old now. She lives in a joint family Vidya: No, he doesn’t have any other income
which constituted her parents, her grandparents sources. Some more important issues:
(father’s parents) and her uncle’s (father’s brother)
Susheela: The house is then undivided family property • All immoveable property (house, land, buildings)
family. Her parents died when she was very young.
or joint family property. The three of you – and moveable property (vessels, jewellery, bank
She has since been brought up by her uncle and
you, your uncle (father’s brother) and your deposits, cash, etc.) follow the same rules of
aunt, who have 2 sons. All these members of the joint
aunt (father’s sister) are coparceners in it. inheritance and succession.
family live together in the same house and farm the
When it is partitioned, the three of you will • The jewellery and other items given to a woman
family’s agricultural lands and plantations. Vidya also
receive equal shares in it. Therefore, you have at the time of marriage irrespective of who it is
has an aunt (father’s sister), who is married and lives
a share in the house as well. given by, is called her ‘Stridhan’ and remain her
in the neighbouring village. Vidya’s grandparents are
own property.
also currently no more. Her uncle now wants to sell
• The deceased individual’s liabilities are
the family land, and she is struck by the doubt that • There is the concept of joint family property under partitioned in the same manner as her or his
she too has a share in this land. She goes to Susheela. Hindu succession laws. This refers to the property/ assets.
business that is jointly owned and/or worked on • Hindu personal laws recognise adoption legally.
Susheela: Do you know what the total extent by all members of a household. A single individual All adopted children are treated as equals of the
of the property is and how it was cannot alienate (sell, will or gift) such property as biological children of parents when it comes to
acquired? he or she pleases. inheritance and succession. Adopted children
10 Vidya: Currently, including the lands and • Even if one of the members of the joint family has
will not be entitled to a share in the assets of their
the plantations, there is 15 acres. Of biological parents or ancestors.
put in greater efforts in maintaining such property,
this, 13 acres has been there for several he or she is not entitled to a greater share in it.
years, and my father and uncle had
been tending to it together. About • Even if one of them has added to the joint family
10 years ago, my uncle added 2 acres property through the income he has earned
to the property. These 2 acres are from the existing property (and not through
adjacent to the 13 acres. other income sources), the additional property
would not become his self-acquired property. It
Susheela: Of the total 15 acres, three equal would become part of the joint family property,
divisions are to be made. One each for which when partitioned would devolve to all the
your father, your uncle (father’s brother) coparceners in equal shares. Daughters are also
and aunt (father’s sister), i.e., each one coparceners in joint family property.
will get 5 acres. The 5 acres that should
have gone to your father will now • However, it is worth noting here that in any
become your property. What about the joint family property, the spouse of any of the
house? Whose is it? Who built it? coparceners does not have any ownership nor
any share. Only when a coparcener dies without
Vidya: The house was constructed by my leaving a will, his share in the joint family property
grandfather and the documents are still will devolve equally to all his successors, which
in his name. My uncle has spent some includes his widow.
amount on repairs and maintenance
over the years, and he has also added
one extra room to the house.
Susheela: Does your uncle have any other source
of income?
Rights under the
Muslim Inheritance and
Succession Laws
11
Who has rights over a Muslim individual’s assets? Who are the successors
to her/his property? How does her/his property get partitioned?
Read them.
Here, Usman, Rabia, Nazira Banu and Mumtaz Banu approach a lawyer
in order to understand their rights to property.
Mohammad Usman and Rabia Begum are a couple
living in the city with their children. Usman works Main points to note:
as a contractor. His father Ismail lives in the village • The Muslim personal laws are applicable to all
with Usman’s brother Saliluddin and his family. matters of inheritance and succession among
They have 5 acres of land and plantations in the Muslims.
village. Recently, Usman approached his father • Property here includes both immoveable (land, house,
seeking a share in his father’s property and this led site, etc.) and moveable (jewellery, vessels, furniture,
to quarrels among the brothers. Saliluddin said bank deposits, etc.)
that he is the one who has borne the responsibility • Upon the death of an individual, his money/property
of tending to the property, and that if their father is first kept aside to pay for his final rites, other
now gives Usman a share in it, he would feel related expenses and repay any small borrowings he
cheated. Usman and Rabia decide to find out what might have made.
their legal rights to the property are and approach Listening to this, now Rabia Begum also wanted to know • After all this is done, as per the individual’s will
a lawyer, Abdul Shakeer. what rights she would have in her own parents’ property. (if there is one), a maximum of 1:3 is given to the
recipients as written in the will, and then the rest of
Abdul Shakeer: To whom does this property Rabia: Sir, we are two siblings – my brother and the property is partitioned among the successors.
belong? me. Both our parents are alive and live • All successors bear the liabilities of the deceased
12 Usman: It belongs to our father.
in the neighbouring village. Our father
has some property, and our mother also
individual in the same ratio that they receive their
shares in his assets.
Abdul Shakeer: Your rights to your father’s has some property which she received
property will come into effect from her father. What share would I Fathima’s father died 10 years ago. She lives with her
only upon your father’s death, have in these? mother Nazira Banu. Her grandfather (father’s father), who
not while he is alive. Therefore, owns 15 acres of land, has two other children – another son
Abdul Shakeer: As I said earlier, you will have a right to
whether or not to give a share of and a daughter. Upon Fathima’s grandfather’s death, Nazira
their property only upon their death.
his property during his lifetime is Banu approaches Abdul Shakeer to find out if she or her
It will be partitioned in the following
entirely his decision. Your brother daughter would get any share of her father-in-law’s property.
manner:
does not have a right to object.
Abdul Shakeer: Is your mother-in-law alive? Who are your
• Your mother will first receive 1/8 share in your father-in-law’s other close relatives who are
Usman: Can you please tell us how the
father’s property. In what is remaining, your brother alive?
property will be partitioned then?
will get 2/3 and you will get 1/3 shares. Nazira Banu: My mother-in-law is not alive. My father-in-
Abdul Shakeer: Partition of the property would law’s father is still alive.
happen after your father’s death. • If your mother predeceases your father, then upon
his death, in his entire property, your brother will get Abdul Shakeer: In that case, your father-in-law’s father will
You have only one brother, right? first receive 1/6 of his son’s property. In
Is your mother alive? How about 2/3 and you will get 1/3 shares.
what remains, 2/3 will go to your brother-
any sisters? in-law (husband’s brother) and 1/3 will
• In your mother’s property, your father will receive
1/4 share. In what is remaining, your brother will get go to your sister-in-law (husband’s sister).
Usman: Our mother is not alive. We have
2/3 and you will get 1/3 shares. Neither you nor your daughter will get
three sisters.
any share in his property. As you can see,
Abdul Shakeer: In that case, you and your brother • If your father predeceases your mother, then upon your father-in-law’s father has a share in
will get 2/7 share each while each her death, in her entire property, your brother will his property, and his grandfather, if alive,
of your sisters will get 1/7 share. get 2/3 and you will get 1/3 shares. would have also had a share in it. However,
Essentially, sisters will get a half of since he also has a daughter who will get
what the brothers get in parents’ her share and you do not have a son, your
property. daughter will not receive anything in that
property.
To note: • If Shahina’s mother had been alive, then her mother
would have first received 1/6 share in her son’s
Some important issues to note:
• In the situation described above, if Nazira property and Shahina would have received 1/2 of • A widow is entitled to 1/8 share in her deceased
Banu’s husband had been the only son of the remaining property. husband’s property. If the man has more than one
his father and hadn’t had a sister either, wife, they share equally in that 1/8 share.
then Fathima would have received 1/2 share Mumtaz Banu has some property in her name. Her
of her grandfather’s property. husband is alive, and they have a daughter. They don’t • A widower is entitled to 1/4 share in his deceased
have any sons. She approaches Abdul Shakeer to wife’s property.
• The concepts of ‘sharers’ and ‘residuaries’ understand how her property will be divided upon her
• Parents are entitled to 1/6 share in children’s
are important in understanding Muslim death.
property.
succession laws. A deceased individual’s
property will always first devolve to the Abdul Shakeer: You can will a maximum of 1:3 of • A daughter is entitled to half of what her brother
sharers. When there are no sharers, or if your property. In what remains, your would receive in their parents’ property. If she
there are some portions of the property husband will get 1/4 share and your doesn’t have any brothers, then she will receive
remaining after the distribution among the daughter will get 1/2. If your husband half of the entire property.
sharers, then the property will go to the predeceases you, you will get 1/8 in his
property and your daughter will get 1/2. • If the deceased individual has only a pre-deceased
residuaries. son and no other children alive or deceased, then
13 • Who the sharers and residuaries are, and the daughter of the pre-deceased son will receive
1/3 share and the son of the pre-deceased son
what shares they will get typically differs
based on each case. will receive 2/3 share in the deceased individual’s
property.
Shahina Parvin is married and lives with her • If the deceased individual has a pre-deceased
husband and children. Two years ago, when her son as well as a daughter, and the pre-deceased
father died, she received 1/3 share in his property son has a son and a daughter, then the deceased
while her only brother received 2/3 share in the individual’s daughter will receive 1/2 share of his
same. Now, her brother has died. He was neither property, and in the remaining half, the son of the
married nor had any children. Shahina thus pre-deceased son will receive 2/3 and the daughter
received a 1/2 share in her deceased brother’s of the pre-deceased son will receive 1/3.
property.
o Note that this would have been the
• Under the Muslim laws, a woman has rights case with Fathima if she had had a
to her parents’, grandparents’, children’s and brother. However, since she did not
even siblings’ property. However, whether or have a brother, she did not receive
not she has a right and if so, what her share is, any share in her grandfather’s (father
is dependent on who the sharers in each case of her pre-deceased father) property.
are, and whether the woman is a sharer or a
residuary. • Islam does not recognise adoption legally.
Therefore, an individual can only be the guardian
• In the case above, Shahina received half of of a child that she or he adopts and not the
her deceased brother’s property only because parent. Such an adopted child (ward) does not
he did not have any surviving wife or child. have any legal inheritance and succession rights in
If he had had a wife and children, then they the property of the guardian.
would have been entitled to his property first
and only if there were some portions of the
property left, then she might have received
some share in it.
Rights Relating to Marriage
and Property
What rights does a woman have in the household’s assets?
14 Does a married woman automatically have rights over her husband’s

property?
What is maintenance and who can claim it?
Read them.
Here, Shubha, Pavana, Mala, Mumtaz and Sabina approach a lawyer in
order to understand their rights to property.
Shubha and Ravi have been married for 8 years and • Maintenance and share in husband’s property are
live in their own house. Ravi has a good business very different sets of rights.
enterprise in the city and also has 5 acres of land
in the nearby village. Shubha takes care of all the • A divorced woman does not have any rights to
agricultural operations. For some reason, Shubha the assets of her husband and his family. She has
and Ravi have decided to get divorced now. Shubha claims over only those assets which are in her
wonders what share she will get in the family’s name. This rule is the same across the personal
assets. Therefore, she approaches a lawyer, Sheela. laws of all religions.
Sheela: Is the house registered in your name? • For instance, a wife may be equally responsible for
Or is it jointly registered in both your looking after the house, lands and businesses. Any
names? How about the agricultural number of years into the marriage and no matter
land? Is at least some portion of it how intense her role in managing the assets, she
registered in your name or is it jointly will not become an owner of these assets unless
registered? they are also registered in her name.
• However, if a divorced couple has children, the
Shubha: No, they are all registered in Ravi’s married woman can claim of her husband children have a right to their father’s property and
name only. – it is the right to be looked after by the also have rights to maintenance from the father.
15 Sheela: In that case, you will not get any share
husband. This means that while married
or even if separated or divorced, the law
of either the house or the land. Pavana and Lokesh are a married couple and have a
says that the husband or ex-husband as the
Shubha: How can that be the case? I am the case may be, must ensure that the wife or daughter, Vibha. Upon Lokesh’s death, Pavana married
ex-wife is provided for adequately in order Nitin. Pavana decides to find out whether she and her
one who looks after the cultivation
to lead her life and meet her expenses. The daughter would have any rights to Lokesh’s and Nitin’s
and everything to do with the land. I
money thus given by the husband is called assets and thus comes to Sheela.
have also contributed to the building
of the house. How come I don’t get the maintenance amount. This amount Sheela: Both you and Vibha have rights in Lokesh’s
anything now? will vary depending on the economic property to the extent specified under the laws. Now, the
circumstances and lifestyle of the couple. responsibility of maintaining both of you lies with Nitin.
Sheela: Yes, that is how the law is. There is In case the woman is capable of taking care If Nitin does not will away his assets, then you, being his
no law that says that once you get of herself or if the divorced woman gets lawfully wedded wife will have a right to it as one of his
married, you are automatically entitled remarried, then the ex-husband need not successors. While Vibha has a share in Lokesh’s assets,
to any rights over your husband’s pay the maintenance any longer. Thereby, she will not have any rights to Nitin’s assets. She might
property. It is also not the case that a married woman can get a protection get something from him if and only if he chooses to give
after a few years after marriage, you order from the court saying that her her.
get such an entitlement because you husband cannot evict her from the house. • If the second marriage is a lawful one upon the
have been looking after and managing And a separated/divorced woman can get death of the first husband, then the wife is entitled
all the assets. You are entitled only maintenance so that she can set up her to her share in the assets of her deceased husband as
to whatever assets are in your name. own house and support herself. However, well as her second husband.
However, what you can get from your you must remember that none of this is the • Children have rights only to the assets of their
husband is maintenance. same as having a share in the husband’s biological parents.
property.
Shubha: What is maintenance? What are my • These rules are true of both Hindu and Christian
rights associated with that? laws.
Sheela: Maintenance is the right that every
Mala is Ramesh’s second wife and they have two Mumtaz is Shakeer’s fifth wife and they have a son. Sabina and Amjad are a married couple and have two
children. Ramesh and his first wife also have Mumtaz comes to Sheela to ask her what rights she and children. Amjad decides to get divorced (talaq) from
children. Recently, Mala and Ramesh decided to get her son have to Shakeer’s assets. Sabina, and she comes to Sheela to find out what her
separated. Mala approaches Sheela to find out what rights regarding her share in his assets and maintenance
share of Ramesh’s property she and her children
Sheela: A fifth marriage is not considered legal under would be.
would get. the Muslim personal laws. Therefore, neither
you nor your child will have any rights to Sheela: You do not have any rights to Amjad’s
Sheela: Firstly, you do not have any rights to Shakeer’s property. Your son will get a share property. However, your Mehr entirely
any of Ramesh’s property. Your children only in your property. However, until your son belongs to you. Besides this, as under
also do not have coparcenary rights to attains the age of 18, Shakeer has to pay for Section 125 of the CrPC, you can claim
Ramesh’s ancestral property and joint his maintenance as mandated under Section maintenance from Amjad. Your children
family property. However, if Ramesh 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). are also entitled to maintenance from
has any self-acquired property and does This law is common for every citizen of the Amjad as well as have a share in his assets.
not will it, then your children will be country irrespective of their religion. Even if you get married again, your children
successors to that property. will have a right to inherit from Amjad.
Now let us look at the question of maintenance. You Points to note here:
do not have the right to seek maintenance either • Mehr refers to the money or gift items that the
16 from Ramesh since your marriage is not recognized husband is supposed to give or set aside for the wife
by the law. However, Ramesh is responsible for upon marriage.
looking after your children and therefore has to
provide maintenance for them. Children have the • This amount strictly belongs to the wife and in the
right to get maintenance from their father even if event of divorce, it will have to be made over to her.
they are born outside a legal marriage. • Besides the Mehr, the husband also has to pay her
• Since bigamy is not legal as per Hindu law, in the maintenance until she gets remarried.
situation described above, a second wife does • If the husband fails to give either the mehr amount
not have any rights to her husband’s property. or maintenance, the wife can get a maintenance
• However, if the second marriage had taken place order from the court under Section 125 of the
upon the death of or divorce from the first wife, CrPC.
then the second wife will have a share in her
husband’s property; and her children will also
have exactly the same rights as the children of
the first wife to all the property of the husband.
• While the above-mentioned is true in the Hindu
laws, in a similar situation among Christians,
neither the second wife nor her children
have any rights to the husband’s property.
However, the children do have the rights to get
maintenance from the father.
KHAS
Karnataka
¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀjUÉ Household
ºÉÆÃ°¹zÀgÉ ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄgÀ D¹Û Asset Survey
ªÀiÁ°ÃPÀvÀé §ºÀ¼À PÀrªÉÄ EzÉ
ªÀÄPÀÌ½UÉ PÀÆqÁ CªÀgÀ vÀAzÉAiÀÄ D¹ÛAiÀÄ°è AiÀiÁªÀ ºÀPÀÆÌ E®è. J0zÀÄ E0rAiÀÄ£ï E¤ì÷ÖlÆåmï C¥sóï ªÀiÁå£ÉÃeÉä0mï gÀªÀgÀ KHAS
2010-11 ¸À«ÄÃPÉë¬Ä0zÀ PÀ0qÀÄ§0¢zÉ. ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR D¹ÛUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀªÀÄ¤¹zÀgÉ,
The Karnataka
• E°è UÀªÀÄ¤¸À¨ÉÃPÁzÀ CA±ÀªÉAzÀgÉ, Household
MAzÀÄ ªÉÃ¼É Asset Survey 2010-11 undertaken by the they are aware of and can effectively seek theirM§â
PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ UÁæ«ÄÃt ¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀUÀ¼À°è ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀgÀ°è 47% ªÀÄ£É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ 39%
Qæ²ÑAiÀÄ£ï ªÀåQÛAiÀÄ D¹ÛAiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É AiÀiÁjUÉ ºÉÃUÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ JµÀÄÖ
rights. In India, rules
ºÀQÌgÀÄvÀÛzÉ? CªÀ£À/ CªÀ¼À £ÀAvÀgÀ CªÀgÀ D¹ÛUÉ ¥Á®ÄzÁgÀgÀÄ AiÀiÁgÀÄ?
Indian Institute of Management
«°AiÀÄªÀiïgÀªÀgÀÄ CªÀgÀ ªÉÆzÀ®£ÉÃ ¥Àwß wÃjºÉÆÃzÀªÉÄÃ¯É Bangalore with funding from the of inheritance and
ªÀåªÀ¸ÁAiÀÄ ¨sÀÆ«Ä ºÉÆ0¢zÁÝgÉ. DzÀgÉ ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄgÀ°è 17% ªÀÄ£É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
succession are based on the religion to which each
D¹ÛAiÀÄ°è ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄ ºÀPÉÌµÀÄÖ?
CxÀªÁ ಅವರಿ೦ದMDG3«ZÉÒÃzÀ£À fund ತೆಗೆದುಕೊ೦ಡ
under the Dutch ªÉÄÃ¯É Ministry of Foreign 9% Affairs has found individual belongs. This
ªÀiÁvÀæ ªÀåªÀ¸ÁAiÀÄ ¨sÀÆ«ÄAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÆ0¢zÁÝgÉ. £ÀUÀgÀ ¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀUÀ¼À°è
booklet describes these rules pertaining to
substantial
ªÉÄÃjAiÀÄªÀgÀ£ÀÄß ªÀÄzÀÄªÉAiÀiÁgender disparities
VzÀÝgÉ, ªÉÄÃjAi ÀÄªÀjUÉ «°AiinÀÄªÀiasset
ïgÀ ownership in the state. Examining Hinduism, Islam and Christianity by providing EªÉ®è and
cases «ªÀgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÁ£ÀÆ£À£ÀÄß CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀPÁÌV F
illustrations.
the key
D¹ÛAiÀÄ°è ¥Á®Ä assets,
¹UÀÄvÀÛzÉ; CªÀgÀthe survey
ªÀÄPÀÌ½UÀÆ finds
¥Á®Ä that in the rural areas13%
¹UÀÄvÀÛzÉ of theªÀÄ£Éstate,
ºÁUÀÆwhile
2% ªÀåªÀ¸ÁAiÀÄ ¨sÀÆ«ÄAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÆ0¢zÁÝgÉ.
47% It is also important to understand what rights one has within the CjvÀÄPÉÆ¼Àî §AiÀÄ¸ÀÄªÀ ¹°éAiÀiÁ,
• CAxÁ ¸ÀAzÀ¨s ÀðzÀ°èofªÉÆzÀ®£ÉÃ
men own housesEgÀÄªÀ
ºÉAqÀw¬ÄAzÀ and 39% of men own agricultural land, the E°è, vÀªÀÄä ¥Á®Ä/ ºÀPÀÄÌUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
comparable
ÀÄªÀiïgÀ D¹ÛAinumbers
ÀÄ°è ¥Á°zÉ for women are only 17% and 9% respectively. institution of marriage. The survey finds that the majority of men and
ªÀÄ£É ºÁUÀÆ In
ªÀÄPÀÌ½UÀÆ «°Ai ¨É£Àì£ï, ¨É¤mÁ, «¯Áä ¹PÉéÃgÁ, ªÉÄÃj ¥ÀAiÀÄ¸ï, ¦Ãlgï
ªÀåQÛUÀ¼ÀÄ d«ÄÃ£ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄªÀ ªÀÄÄRå ªÀÄÆ®
the urban areas of the state, while 28% of men own¦vÁæ houses, only 13% women across areas, religious, social and economic groups think
- EªÀgÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀQÃ®gÀthat
§½ ºÉÆÃV vÀªÀÄä ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛgÀ
fðvÀ¢0zÀ ªÁgÀ¸ÀÄzÁgÀgÁV J0zÀÄ F ¸À«ÄÃPÉëAiÀÄ°è PÁtÄvÉÛÃªÉ.
E£ÉÆßA¢µÀÄÖ «µÀAiof women
ÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ: do so. Across the areas, the only asset which has a higher when they get married, the assets that they own and those that their ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ.
ownership rate by women
• E°è ¨sÀÆ«Ä, ªÀÄ£É ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ ¹ÜgÀ D¹ÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÃUÉ as compared to men is jewellery. spouses own now
ªÀåvÁå¸ÀUÀ½ªÉ. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ UÁæ«ÄÃt¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀUÀ¼À°è ªÀÄ£É ºÉÆ0¢gÀÄªÀ
become jointly owned by them. While this could N¢.
¥Á®Ä ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉÆÃ ºÁUÉAiÉÄÃ ZÀgÀ D¹Û, certainly be true as per their perceptions, from the legal point of view, in
¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀgÀ°è 58% vÀªÀÄä vÀ0zÉvÁ¬ÄAiÀÄj0zÀ ¦vÁæfðvÀªÁV ¥ÀqÉ¢zÁÝgÉ CªÀgÀ ¥Àæ±Éß-GvÀÛgÀUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ, ¤ªÀÄä ºÀPÀÌ£ÀÄß Cj¬Äj.
One ¨ÁåAPï£À°ègÀÄªÀ
¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, of the reasons ºÀt,for suchÀÄ£ÀÄß
MqÀªÉAi a large gender asset gap is that men and India, under the personal laws of no religion does marriage automatically
DzÀgÉ ªÀÄ£É ºÉÆ0¢gÀÄªÀ ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄgÀ°è EzÀÄ 13% ªÀiÁvÀæ. ªÀåªÀ¸ÁAiÀÄ
women have
PÀÆqÁ ¥Á®Ä ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ unequal opportunities for asset acquisition.
¨sÀÆ«ÄAiÀÄ0vÀºÀTheM0zÀÄ main confer property rights to individuals. If and only if the couple decides
GvÁàzÀPÀ D¹ÛAiÀÄ°è F vÁgÀvÀªÀÄå E£ÀÆß C¢üPÀ -
mode of asset acquisition
• ºÁUÉÃ M§â£À D¹Û AiÀiÁªÀ jÃwAiÀÄ°è ¥Á¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉÆÃ is inheritance, and this is also characterized to register property jointly
85% ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀjUÉ ºÉÆÃ°¹zÀgÉ ¸Àj¸ÀÄªÀiÁgÀÄ 14% ªÀÄ»¼ÉAiÀÄgÀÄ ªÀiÁvÀæ vÀªÀÄä in their names does it confer both of them
by a bias against
CzÉÃ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è ¸Á®ªÀÇ ¥Á¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ
women. To illustrate, among the home owning men in with
vÀ0zÉvÁ¬ÄAiÀÄj0zÀ ¦vÁæfðvÀªÁV ¥ÀqÉ¢zÁÝgÉ. ownership rights. As much as one would like to consider marriage
rural areas, 58% inherited their houses from their natal families while to be a sacred and lasting institution, it is still extremely important to
only 13% of home owning women in rural areas acquired
PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄ UÀÄgÀÄw¸ÀÄªÀÅ¢®è. ºÁUÁV AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ å ¥ÀqÉzÀÄ 64 acknowledge
their ÷houses
¨sÁgÀvÀ ¸ÁévÀ0vÀæ ªÀµÀðUÀ¼ÁzÀªÉÄÃ®Æthat £ÀªÀÄäevents suchEµÀÄÖ
¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ°è as death, divorce, separation and desertion
through natal inheritance. These disparities take alarming
ªÀÄUÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃrPÉÆ¼Àî®Ä ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ°è ¸ÀéAvÀ ªÀÄUÀÄªÀAvÉ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ °0UÀvÀé-vÁgÀvÀªÀÄåªÀ£ÀÄß PÁtÄªÀÅzÀÄ M0zÀÄ UÉÆ0zÀ®zÀ «µÀAiÀÄ.time
proportions can affect any marriage at any F because it is during these points in
when we examine acquisition of agricultural land,¥Àj¹ÜwAi
ElÖPÉÆAqÀgÀÆ D ªÀÄUÀÄ«UÉ ªÁgÀ¸Á ºÀQÌgÀÄªÀÅ¢®è
the mostÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸À®Ä C£ÉÃPÀ zÁjUÀ¼À£ÀÄß C£ÀÄ¸Àj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. CªÀÅUÀ¼À°è property rights arise prominently. This
critical time that the questions around
productive asset in rural areas – compared to 85% ofªÁgÀ¸ÀÄzÁjPÉAi land owning ÀÄªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß,booklet
ÀÄ ¤Aimen CªÀÅUÀ½UÉalso describes
¸À0§0zs À¥ÀlÖ0vÀºÀ the rights that individuals have when such events
PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
who inherited the land, a mere 14% of land owning¥Àæwomen inherited
wAiÉÆ§â ªÀåQÛAi occur
ÀÄÆ w½zÀÄPÉÆ0qÀÄ in their lives
C¼ÀªÀr¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ Cw by providing
ªÀÄÄRå. ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ°ècases and illustrations.
their land from natal homes.
KHA
Qæ²ÑAiÀÄ£ï zsÀªÀÄðzÀ ªÁgÀ¸ÀÄzÁjPÉAi AllÀÄthe cases presented
¤AiÀÄªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀªÁzÀ in ¨sÁthis booklet are easy to identify with and the
µÀAiÀÄ°è
It should be of concern that such inequities continue to exist more language
GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÉÆ0¢UÉ ¤ªÀÄUÁV ªÀtÂð¸À¯ÁVªÉ. used is simple and layperson friendly. This booklet has been
than six decades after the country’s attaining independence. Several conceptualized and written by Sowmya Lakshmi Bhat, Advocate, and
measures can be undertaken to bridge these inequities. In the context the illustrations in it have been drawn by M. B. Suresh Kumar. To find Karna
of asset acquisition, it is critical that every individual isLegal Consultant: Sowmya
well-conversant outLakshmi Bhat, Advocate,
more about
Bengaluru
this project, please get in touch with the project team at House
with the inheritance and succession legislations governing them so that the contact details provided below. Asset
December 2011

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE (IIMB)
INDIAN INSTITUTE OFPh:MANAGEMENT BANGALORE
91 80 26993323. Fax: (IIMB)
91 80 26994050
Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore 560076, Karnataka, India. Ph: 91 80 26993323. Fax: 91 80 26994050
Email: genderassetgap@iimb.ernet.in ProjectProject
website: http://genderassetgap.iimb.ernet.in
website: website: www.iimb.ernet.in
http://genderassetgap.iimb.ernet.in

Rights Under Inheritance and Succession Laws and Rights Relating To Marriage and Property in India

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Rights Under Inheritance and Succession Laws and Rights Relating To Marriage and Property in India

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KHAS

ªÉÄÃj «°AiÀÄªÀiïgÀ JgÀqÀ£ÉÃ ºÉAqÀw. CªÀjUÉ E§âgÀÄ ªÀÄPÀÌ¼ÀÄ.

Rights under Inheritance

and Succession Laws

Rights Relating to KHA

Design and layout:

Centre for Public Policy (CPP)

14 Does a married woman automatically have rights over her husband’s

Centre for Public Policy (CPP)

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