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Industrial Arts TLE Grade 6 LM
Industrial Arts TLE Grade 6 LM
Content Standard
Demonstrates an understanding of knowledge and skills in enhancing/decorating
products as an alternative source of
income
Performance Standard
Performs necessary skill in enhancing/decorating finished products
Learning Competencies
1.1 Discusses the importance and methods of enhancing/decorating bamboo, wood, and
metal products
Code: TLE6IA-0a-1
1.2 Demonstrates creativity and innovativeness in enhancing/decorating bamboo,
wood, and metal products
Code: TLE6IA-0a-2
Lesson Objectives:
1. Discuss the importance and methods of enhancing/decorating bamboo, wood, and
metal products
2. Demonstrate creativity and innovativeness in enhancing /decorating bamboo,
wood, and metal products
3. Discuss the effects of enhancements on the marketability of the products.
LET’S BE INFORMED
Industrial Arts play an important role in our economy. Many occupations and
businesses belong to this area.
Thousands are employed in different industrial works, both in rural and urban areas
This lesson will acquaint you with different products made of bamboo, wood,
and metal that are designed,
manufactured, and are sold both here and abroad. It will also discuss ways by which
one can enhance finished products
made of these materials.
Woodcraft and bamboo craft can be enhanced using a variety of methods and
techniques. These include:
2
Pyrography is considered an art using a fire or heat to decorate wood or
leather.
3
Flocking technique lines the interior of drawers and boxers with a soft velvety
finish.
4
Inlaying combines several techniques that involve inserting decorative pieces
in to a base object to incorporate new
designs on the original product.
5
Gilding is considered as a decorative technique in which powder is applied on
wood or other materials to give a thin
coating of gold. Methods of this technique include glueing, chemical gilding,
and electroplating.
Staining is used to color wood to give an illusion of texture. This may come in
two varieties. First, pigment-based
stain will color large pores of the wood, while dye-based stain color small
pores of the wood.
6
Painting is considered the simplest way of decorating wood since there is a
variety of colors that you can choose
from. One may also add a lacquer finish to make it more shiny and glossy.
7
Metalcraft Enhancing Techniques
The following are some techniques used to enhance or add design elements on metal
products.
Engraving is a method of transferring a design on metal using a hardened
steel tool called burin or graver to cut into
the surface of the metal.
8
Etching is a process used to make designs or pictures on a metal plate by using
acid that produces corrosive action.
In modern manufacturing, strong chemicals are used on other types of material.
9
Adding metal enhancing media such as metal paints, copic markers and antiquing
kits give color to the metal
product. Metal paints may be applied using a brush or spray.
10
Texturing and embossing – In this technique you will need hammers, metal
stamps, stencils, and other materials to
create imprints on the metal. Though there are new technologies used to
emboss a metal with different textures, a
hammer and nail can still be used to create your own design.
11
Products made of bamboo, wood, and metal are much in demand both in the local and
international market. With the
evolving needs of today’s consumers, many entrepreneurs are continuously creating
and innovating products in order to
cater to the demands of the market.
Woodcraft
Desktop organizer
Candle holder
Bottle holder
12
Furniture
Utensils
13
Wall hooks
Wood lamp
Bamboo products
14
Bamboo craft lamp
Bamboo lights
15
Bamboo woven bag and basket
16
Wall decorations
Bamboo furnitures
17
Bamboo plant box
18
Metal craft
Accessories
19
Pen holder
Wind chime
20
Wall hooks
Wall decorations
21
LET’S EXPLAIN
1. What is the importance of enhancing and decorating finished products?
2. What innovative methods and techniques can be used to enhance bamboo, wood,
and metal products?
3. With the challenge of globalization all over the world, how can local
products be more competitive in the market?
LET’S REMEMBER
Bamboo, wood, and metal products can be enhanced and decorated to increase their
marketability and saleability.
LET’S DO TOGETHER
Identification. Identify the methods in enhancing wood, bamboo and metal products.
Choose the letter of the correct
answers .
REINFORCEMENT
Bring any product made of wood, bamboo or metal enhanced using the different
methods in enhancing products or finishing
materials.
References:
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LESSON 2 HOW TO CONDUCT SIMPLE SURVEY USING TECHNOLOGY AND OTHER DATA-GATHERING
METHOD
1.3 Conducts simple survey using technology and other data-gathering method to
determine:
1.3.1 market trends on products made of bamboo, wood, and metal
1.3.2 customer’s preference of products
1.3.3 types/sources of innovative finishing materials, accessories, and
designs
1.3.4 processes in enhancing/decorating finished products
Lesson Objectives:
Discuss the market trends on products made of bamboo, wood, and metal.
Identify the customer’s preference of products.
Identify the types/sources of innovative finishing materials, accessories, and
design.
Apply the processes in enhancing/decorating finished products.
LET’S BE INFORMED
1.3 Conducts simple survey using technology and other data-gathering method to
determine the following:
These materials are used to beautify, decorate, and improve the quality of finished
products.
1. Finishing materials that are used to smoothen the products before decorating.
Example varnish
2. Colored paper twines and ribbon cloth are used in decorating and wrapping
products.
3. Beads and charms are small accessories of different colors used to make
products attractive.
4. Abaca and sinamay fibers are paper-thin locally made materials used for
wrapping or packaging purposes.
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1.3.4 Processes in enhancing/decorating finished products
Though it is said that Filipinos are best known for their creative minds and
hands, new trends in the market, and
emerging strategies and techniques must be explored to allow local products to
compete in the global market.
LET’S ANSWER
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the products made of wood, metal, preferred by craft buyers ?
2. Why do artisans and entrepreneurs need to be aware and updated on new and
innovative methods of enhancing
and decorating wood, bamboo, and metal craft?
3. What are some of the finishing materials that can enhance finished products
made of wood, bamboo and metal?
LET’S REMEMBER
Enhancing wood, metal, and bamboo products into becoming unique and
attractive is another job that you can do
especially if these products are to be marketed to become an alternative
source of income.
Conducting a simple survey is important to determine the market trends,
customer’s preference of products and
types of innovative finishing materials accessories and designs.
REINFORCEMENT
A. Form a group of five members. Visit different handicraft or furniture shops.
Research and survey the following
information.
1. Customer preference in terms of:
a. Type of product
b. Material
c. Finishing
2. Market Trends (Saleable products)
a. Bamboo
b. Wood
c. Metal
REFERENCES:
Home Economics and livelihood Education by Josephine C. Bernardino et.al
The Basics of Better Living 6 by Ruth A. Arsenue et. al
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LESSON 3 EFFECTS OF INNOVATIVE FINISHING MATERIALS AND CREATIVE ACCESSORIES
ON THE MARKETABILITY OF
PRODUCTS
1.5 Enhancing bamboo, wood, metal, and other finished products through sketching,
shading and outlining
LET’S ANSWER
1. What is the effect of enhancing and decorating wood, bamboo, and metal
finished products?
2. When do we innovate products?
3. What materials can we use to innovate our products?
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4. Why do we need to do sketching, outlining, and shading before decorating
finished products?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
In a piece of bond paper, enhance a finished product using sketching, outlining and
shading.
LET’S REMEMBER
Finished products should be enhanced first through sketching, outlining and shading
before application to have an idea how
such look s like when finished.
REINFORCEMENT
In groups, visit a handicraft or furniture shop. Observe their style in enhancing
their products to make them more attractive
and unique. Make a written report of your observation and report it to class.
REFERENCES:
Home Economics and livelihood Education by Josephine C. Bernardino et.al
The Basics of Better Living 6 by Ruth A. Arsenue et. al
26
LESSON 4 CONSTRUCTING A PROJECT PLAN
Lesson objectives:
Consider deliberate policies on sustainable development in constructing a project
plan
Demonstrate resourcefulness and management skills in the use of time, materials,
money and effort
Construct a project plan for enhancing finished product
Assess the quality of enhanced product using rubrics
Refines product based on assessment made
Construct a project plan for enhancing finished product
LET’S BE INFORMED
Being able to use materials wisely will save time , money and effort.
Moreover, if you know how to reuse and
convert old materials into new and innovative products, you can also earn
additional income. Do you know that some people
became millionaires by selling surplus materials or buying and selling thrift shop
items? What is considered as one man’s
waste, may still be useful to another person. All you need is diligence,
perseverance, and a lot of creativity and
resourcefulness, to help you come up with a project.
Working on a project with careful planning combined with diligent research
and development efforts not only
prevents wastage but also ensure the product’s marketability and saleability.
This lesson will guide the student through the process of constructing a
project.
1.6.2 Resourcefulness and management skills in the use of time, materials, money,
and effort
In planning your project for finished products you must know how to be resourceful
in using time, materials, money and
effort.
A. Time
Manage time effectively to achieve goals.
There are some tips in managing time:
1. Group similar tasks so that it can be accomplished at the same time.
Learn to organize your tasks. Prioritize your
tasks to be done and be faithful to deadlines set.
2. Keep a journal and make a list of what needs to be accomplished for a
day, a week, or a month.
3. Delegate some tasks to others, a good manger delegates. Share
responsibilities so others may learn. You may
make a work schedule for all persons involved.
B. Money
One of the most important things in running a business is managing money or
finances well. You have to make sure
that money is managed effectively.
1. Buy cheap but durable materials for the products.
2. Do not overspend for materials, resources, etc. Budget and allocate your
funds efficiently.
3. Set your budgets early. This will prevent spending more than what you
have to.
4. Keep accurate records of all transactions. Keep all receipts.
5. Be prepared for unexpected expenses. Reserve funds for such, or save.
B. Tools
1. Paintbrush
2. Cutter or scissors
3. Ruler
4. Sandpaper
IV. Design or Sketch
Before
After
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V. Procedure
1. Smoothen the jewelry box using a sandpaper.
2. Paint the edges, drawer knobs, and inside drawers of the jewelry box
using brush and paint.
3. Place scrapbook papers as decoupage decorations on the boxes of the
jewelry box. Cut the papers within the
same size of the drawers leaving a 2 to 3 mm gap of allowance to make
the painted edges visible. Use a
cutter to create to create a hole in the knobs of the drawers.
4. Glue the scrapbook papers on the drawers.
5. Add stickers as decorations on the drawers.
6. Polish the jewelry box by applying combination of glue and water. A
finishing top coat can also be used.
7. Let it dry.
VI. Evaluation
Criteria Excellent Good
Fair Score
10 8 6
Procedure in The procedures in The procedure in
The procedure in
product enhancing the enhancing the
enhancing the
enhancement product are product are
product are not
followed followed but has
followed
excellently unpolished parts
Creative design The product The product
The product
enhanced is very enhanced id well
enhanced is
attractive and made
simple
creative
Resourcefulness Wise management Wise management
Wise management
and management of resources is of resources is of
resources is not
skills excellently used in used well in
used in this
making the project making the project
project
Product The product is The product is
The product is not
enhancement excellently created well
enhanced to be
enhanced
creative or
attractive
TOTAL
LET’S EXPLAIN
1. What are the health and safety measures to be observed in enhancing finished
products?
2. What are the pointers on how to manage money resources in enhancing a
finished product.
3. How do manage time?
4. Identify the parts of a project plan.
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. Construct a project plan using the format about a finished product that you
want to enhance or decorate. Present
your work to the class.
B.
29
_____ 1. Sustainable development means improving the people’s welfare not
only on the present but for future
generations.
_____ 2. Spend excessively on materials and accessories for your project.
There is no need to budget funds.
_____ 3. In making a project plan, for enhancing a finished product, a
sketch or drawing of a product is not
necessary.
LET’S REMEMBER
In constructing a project plan for your finished products, the following
must be considered: sustainable
development, wise management of resources, assessment of the quality, and product
refinement.
REINFORCEMENT
Finished project enrichment
Bring the following:
Sample finished product
Decorations
Other materials
1.6.3 Assess the quality of enhanced products using rubrics (use rubric in the
project plan)
1.6.4 Refine product based on assessment made
Give suggestions/comments based on assessment made.
REFERENCES:
Home Economics and livelihood Education by Josephine C. Bernardino et.al
The Basics of Better Living 6 by Ruth A. Arsenue et. al
30
LESSON 5 MARKETING PRODUCTS
Lesson Objectives:
Apply creative packaging and labelling techniques
Apply technology-assisted and other means of product marketing
Computes income from sales
Prepares plans for mass production or creating new product
LET’S BE INFORMED
Every product that is available in the market has its own distinct
packaging and labelling. Packaging and labelling are
important because they add to the marketability of the product.
In order to succeed in the market, your product must be competitive. Most
companies invest time, effort, and
resources on their product’s packaging and labelling, to ensure that they are
designed appropriately and that they are
attractive and distinct.
Packaging and labelling are usually considered a part of the overall
“marketing strategy” to further promote the
product.
The three most important functions of packaging are:
Contain and protect the product
Promote the product
Facilitate the storage, use, and convenience of product.
Labelling, on the other hand, serve the dual purpose:
Providing the necessary information about the product such as its contents,
features, instructions as to its usage, and
manufacturing information
Promoting the product with the use of branding, and attractive, colourful
marks.
31
1.7.3 Computes income from sales
Sample computation
For example, you want to make a basic medicine cabinet and you decided to
sell it with a 40% mark-up in addition to
your capital or cost of expenses.
Materials Cost
Wood (Palo China 1x5x10 ft) 160.00
Sand paper (5 pcs/10 each) 50.00
Nails (2” size-100.00/k) 50.00
Varnish (1 bottle) 40.00
Paint brush 20.00
Labor 25.00
Utilities 100.00
Total 445.00
LET’S ANSWER
32
1. Why is labelling and packaging of products important?
2. What are the appropriate marketing strategies that can be applied in selling
enhanced or decorated finished
products?
3. How do we compute for the profit?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
Given the sales and cost of expenses , compute for the profit.
1. Sales 520.00
Cost of Expenses 350.00
2. Sales 750.00
Cost of Expenses 520.00
LET’S REMEMBER
You must know how to package, label, and market your finished products to earn good
income and have better performance
in your business.
REINFORCEMENT
Compute for the amount of profit the given mark-up.
Amount Mark-up
1. 120.00 20%
2. 430.00 5%
3. 650.00 15%
4. 480.00 10%
5. 250.00 50%
CONTENT STANDARD
Demonstrates an understanding and skills in making simple electrical gadgets
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
Constructs simple gadgets with ease and dexterity
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
2.6 Construct simple electrical gadgets
2.6.1 Identifies the materials and tools needed in making simple electrical
gadgets.
2.6.2 Identifies simple electrical gadgets and their uses (extension cord, door
bell, plugs, lampshades, etc)
2.6.3 Observes safety and health practices in making gadgets
Lesson Objectives
Identify the tools and materials needed in making simple electrical gadgets.
Identify simple electrical gadgets and their uses.
Observe safety and health practices in making gadgets
LET’S BE INFORMED
33
This lesson will discuss the different tools and materials used in
constructing simple electrical gadgets and their uses
are also identified. Proper safety and health practices in making these gadgets
will be observed.
Tools and other materials are very important for making and troubleshooting
electrical gadgets.
The following are some of the basic tools and materials used in making simple
electrical gadgets:
1. Pliers, such as long nosed and side- cutting pliers, are used to hold, bend,
cut, and twist objects and wires.
34
Phillips screw driver
3. Wire stripper is used to remove insulation of wires from gauge.
Claw Hammer
35
5. Electric drill is used to drift holes on hand materials.
6. Soldering tools, such as soldering gun and soldering iron, are used to make
splices and tap connections of wires.
Soldering gun
Soldering iron
36
7. Cables and wires are the common materials needed in making electrical
Below are some examples of electrical gadgets you may find interesting and easy to
construct with their uses.
37
1. An extension cord is an electrical gadget
that is longer than an ordinary cord. It has
a male plug at one end and a receptacle at
the other. It is used to accommodate extra
electrical devices needing electric supply.
38
This lesson will give you information on how to reduce the risk and some reminders
on basic electrical safety and more
secured working practices.
Here are some safety rules to follow:
Never run in the shop to avoid slipping, falling, or bumping into others who
are working with sharp tools.
Wear face shield, goggles, or safety glasses while working.
Never hold a project in your fingers. Use clamp, drill press vise, or pliers
to hold it.
Do not attempt to operate a machine or gadget if you do not know how to use
it properly. Ask help or assistance
from your parents or teacher.
Report untoward incidents like accident or injury to the proper authority.
All electrical equipment and installations must be checked and maintained
always to prevent accident.
Provide enough sockets-outlets for equipment in use and avoid overloading
them to prevent fire.
Provide an accessible switch with emergency OFF button near a fixed equipment
to cut off power in an emergency.
Keep all cords away from areas where water is present.
Make it a habit to turn off electric gadgets and equipment when not in use.
Never allow electric wires to run under carpets where they cannot be seen
because of tripping hazards.
Pull the plug and not the cord from an outlet.
Make sure to work in a well-lighted area.
Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when using electric tools.
Keep cords away from heat, oil, and sharp edges.
LET’S EXPLAIN
1. What are the hand tools and materials that can be used when working on an
electrical gadget?
2. When do we use extension cords?
3. Why do we use lampshades?
4. Why do we install doorbells in our houses?
5. Give and explain the safety practices in doing electrical gadgets.
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. Identify the tools and materials used in making electrical gadgets.
Post or flash the pictures or raise actual tools and materials.
1. Long nose pliers
2. Side cutting pliers
3. Flat head screwdriver
4. Philips screw driver
5. Claw hammer
6. Ball peen Hammer
7. Electric drill
8. Soldering gun
9. Soldering iron
10. Electric Drill
11. Cable wire
12. Electrical tape
13. Male plug
LET’S REMEMBER
Tools and materials in making simple gadgets must be identified to understand their
functions better.
Always observe strictly safety and health practices while at work.
Use appropriate tools, materials, and PPE (Pesonal Protective Equipment) while
working.
Make sure that tools and equipment are kept clean, properly maintained, and stored
in a safe place.
REINFORCEMENT
Think of electrical gadgets that are useful and easy to construct. Submit your list
to the teacher.
39
References:
The Basics of Better Family Living 6 by Gloria A. Peralta, Ed.D., et. al
Home Economics and Livelihood Education by Josephine C.Bernardino, et.al
Learning Objectives:
Explain the processes in making extension cord, lampshade, doorbell and plug.
Construct simple electrical gadget.
LET’S BE INFORMED
Process in Making Electrical Gadgets
Before making simple electrical gadgets, you should know the following protocols in
making a plan. The tips below will give
you an idea on what to do.
1. First get an idea. Find out what you would like to create and plan on it.
2. Buy parts. When you have the idea, buy all the materials needed for the
electrical gadget you want to assemble.
3. Seek help and advice from those who already have the skills. Ask your family
members or your electrician. This can
be a good project for you to work on.
Extension cords are very useful at home since they give additional power outlets
where they are needed. They also allow
you to move more freely with the gadget instead of being confined near the main
power source. Here’s how to make one:
Extension Cord
Materials:
Electrical wire ( depending on your desired length)
Outlet
Plug
Hand tools ( screwdriver, pliers, and utility knife or cutter)
Procedure:
1. Take one end of your electrical wire and slice through the outer covering to
reveal thinner wires. Be careful when
peeling off the covering so you do not damage the individual wires
inside( separate the wire to create two different
wires that will be connected to the plug). Do the same on the other end of
the wire.
2. Get the main plug. Using the screw driver , take off the screw to loosen
each of the terminals.
3. Put the wire into the two terminals and tighten it with the screw. Do not
forget to cover the plug.
4. Get the outlet. Loosen the screw to open it. Get the wire separated in two
and connected to the terminals.
5. Close the outlet and screw it tightly.
40
Doorbells are essential at home since it is a tool that communicates to the owner
that there is someone at the door.
Doorbell
Materials:
Electrical tape
Scissors
Wire strippers
9-volt battery snap
Push button switch
Buzzer
Electric wire spool
Ruler
Procedure:
1. Twist the ends of the black and red wines of the 9-volt battery snap between
your fingers. Insert the exposed end of
the red wire through one of the two contact holes at the bottom of the push
button switch. Wrap a piece of
electrical tape around the contact.
2. Insert the exposed end of the black wire through one of the two contact holes
on the bottom of the buzzer. Wrap a
piece of electrical tape around the contact.
3. Cut a 10-inch strip of electric wire from the electric wire spool with the
scissors. Strip an inch of insulation off each
end of the electric wire with the wire stippers.
4. Twist the exposed ends of the electric wire between your fingers. Insert one
of the two exposed ends of the electric
wire through the remaining contact hole on the bottom of the push button
switch. Wrap a piece of electrical tape
around the contact hole on the bottom of the push button switch. Wrap a
piece of electrical tape around the
contact.
5. Insert the other exposed end of the electric wire through the remaining
contact hole on the bottom of the buzzer.
Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the contact.
6. Insert the 9-volt battery snap. Press the push button to sound the buzzer of
the simple doorbell you have made.
Plugs are devices that connect to the primary power supply. Every gadget or
electrical equipment has a plug to connect to
the power source. However, there are different types of plugs. Follow these steps
to make a three-point plug.
Plug
Materials:
New 3 point plug
Philips Head Screwdriver
Wire strippers
Pliers or wire cutters
Procedure:
1. Remove the screw of the plug to open the cap and loosen (but do not remove)
the other screws.
2. Using the pliers, remove the outer sheet of the wire and carefully release
the inner wire. Make sure not to cut the
inner wires.
3. Read the label in the plug to know what colors to connect on the terminal.
4. Cut again the outer sheets of the wire to release the copper wires inside.
Once released, twist them lightly together
until compressed. Make sure that there are no loose copper wires as it may
cause problems.
5. Insert the individual wires into its proper position in the terminals. Put
the first wire in the first terminal and screw it.
Do the same in the other wires, making sure that there are no loose or
exposed copper wires.
6. Double check if the wires were fully assembled. Put the clamp at the end of
the plug and screw it to ensure that
wires stay in place.
7. Finally, put the cover of the plug and screw it firmly.
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Lampshades provide illumination to small pots in the house. It is usually found
inside the bedroom and living room. Though
there are various designs and strategies to make one, following is a simple
procedure you can follow.
Lampshade
Materials:
Electrical wire (depending on your desired length)
Plug
Hand tools (screw driver, pliers, and utility knife or cutter)
Bulb with socket.
Procedure:
1. Use the materials for an extension cord .
2. Instead of using an outlet, use a bulb with socket.
3. Attach this to a wooden lamp shade.
LET’S EXPLAIN
How can learning to construct electrical gadgets and devices help generate
additional income for the family?
Which of the given gadgets do you like to make?
What are the materials needed?
How are you going to do it?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
Prepare a project plan for a gadget of your choice.
LET’S REMEMBER
Learning to construct simple gadgets allows you the opportunity to generate
additional income for the family.
It also helps the family save on unnecessary expenses.
REINFORCEMENT
References:
The Basics of Better Family Living 6 by Gloria A. Peralta, Ed.D., et. al
Home Economics and Livelihood Education by Josephine C.Bernardino, et.al
42
UNIT 3 REPAIR OF SIMPLE GADGETS/FURNITURES/ FURNISHINGS AT HOME AND SCHOOL
Content Standard
Demonstrates an understanding of and skills in repairing simple
gadgets/furnitures/furnishings at home and school.
Performance Standard
Makes simple repairs with ease and dexterity.
Lesson Objectives:
Gather data on how to do simple repairs using technology or other methods
Repair broken furniture, chairs, cabinets, and tables), door knobs, extension
cords, lamp shades and other products
Assess repaired gadgets/furniture/furnishings as to its reusability and
functionality using rubrics.
LET’S BE INFORMED
This lesson will discuss the step by step process in repairing simple gadgets and
furniture. In addition, it will also provide
safety and precautionary measures to prevent accidents and injury while doing
repair work.
Knowing how to make simple repairs will not only save you the added cost of paying
a repairman, it will also provide an
opportunity fr caring additional income.
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Repairing Simple Gadgets
Worn out wires
1. Remove the plug of the appliance out of the electrical outlet or socket.
2. Cut out the worn out part and scrape the outer covering of both ends by
about half an inch.
3. Connect the two lines by twisting them together.
4. Cover the twisted wires with electrical tape.
Safety Tips
1. Make sure there is no power in the light fixture that you are working on.
2. Use wooden or fiber glass ladders. Aluminum and metal ladders might conduct
electricity.
3. Use tools with insulated handles.
4. Use the proper wattage for your lamp or light fixture. A bulb with very high
wattage may overheat.
5. Don’t touch metal pipes while you are doing electrical repairs.
6. Wear rubber-soled shoes or stand on a dry rubber mat or wooden boards if the
floor is wet.
Here are other basic furniture repair that can be undertaken at home and in school:
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Assessing Repaired Furniture and Furnishing
Rubric
Criteria Excellent Good Fair
Score
10 8 6
Materials Used appropriate Used appropriate Used
and complete materials but inappropriate
materials lacked one item materials
Procedure Followed One step was not Did not apply
two
procedure applied correctly steps
correctly
correctly
Workmanship Repaired item was Repaired item was Repaired item
was
attractive and attractive but not not attractive
and
neatly done neatly done not neatly
done
TOTAL
Furniture Finishes
The word finish in woodworking usually describes a final surface treatment that
necessarily protects the wood and enhances
its appearance. The following are the functions of finishing.
1. Protection. The surface of the furniture is protected against destructions
such as warping, cracking, shrinkage, and
swelling.
2. Decoration. The transparent finish brings out the natural beauty of the
product, emphasizing the grain texture and
its brilliant color.
3. Sanitation. A well-finished product can easily be cleaned.
4. Saleability. Product’s saleability depends on the pleasing functional
design and attractive appearance.
Types of Finishes
1. Oil finishes . This type of finishes is easy to apply. Examples of oil
finishes are linseed oil and tung oil. They do not
build up to a thick coat like varnish. Thus, it provides less protection to
the finished product.
2. Varnish. It is the most commonly available finishing material in the market.
3. Shellac. It is not as durable as varnish.
4. Lacquer. Lacquer is used most often in furniture industries because of its
fast-drying properties.
5. Water-based finishes. These are basically latex paint without a pigment.
Application of Finishes
1. Brush method. Applied with brush rather than with rags.
2. Spray method. Uses spray gun in painting.
3. Dip coating. Good for dipping wooden chair’s legs.
4. Roller coating. This is suited for applying undercoats.
LET’S ANSWER
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6. How do we change the fabric of a seat cover?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
LET’S REMEMBER
Knowing how to make simple repairs can help you save money.
It is important to follow all safety precautions when undertaking repairs to avoid
accidents and injury.
Finishing materials are used to protect, preserve, and beautify furniture and
prevent them from being soiled or damaged.
REINFORCEMENT
Bring an item that needs repair and appropriate tools.
Reference:
The Basics of Better Family Living 6 by Gloria A. Peralta, Ed.D., et. al
Home Economics and Livelihood Education by Josephine C.Bernardino, et.al
Content Standard
Demonstrates an understanding of and skills in recycling waste materials.
Performance Standard
Recycles waste materials following the principles of “five S”
Learning Competencies
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4.2 Identifies recyclable products/waste materials made of wood, metal, paper,
plastic and others
CODE TLE6IA-0i-12
LESSON 9 PRINCIPLES OF “ 5 S”
Lesson Objective:
Discuss the principles of “five S”.
LET’S BE INFORMED
Waste management needs every person’s serious attention and active
participation. Government and non-
government agencies around the world have been joining hands to institute programs
to address the global problem on
waste, and its worsening effect to the environment. Individuals living within the
community should contribute their share in
waste management efforts. What can you do as an individual?
A method or system of organizing things in the workplace, known as 5S among
the Japanese, can also be applied to
waste management. 5S means Seiri, Seiton, Seisou, Seiketsou, and Shitsuke. When
translated to English it also means sort,
straighten, shine, standardize, and sustain. The objective of 5S is to organize a
space, sort, and store items efficiently and
effectively so that things are easy to find when they are needed.
The Principles of 5S can be applied at home, the classroom, as well as in
the workplace. The following are the ways
by which the principles of 5S are applied.
Sorting (Seiri) – This involves distinguishing things or items in the work
area and eliminating the unnecessary items.
Straightening or set in order (Seiton)– This concerns the use of efficient
and effective storage methods to arrange
items in the work area. This may be done once the sorting is achieved.
Shine or systematic cleaning (Seiso) - Once the clutter has been arranged and
organized, clean the area. Clean every
now and then to maintain order in the work area.
Standardizing ( Seiketsu)- Once the first three steps are completed, you may
now standardize the method or
procedure used. You may create visual cues such as signs, checklists that
you need for making sure to successfully
implement the cleaning of the work area.
Sustaining (Shitsuke) -Make sure that you maintain regular sorting,
straightening, and cleaning.
Recyclable Products or Waste Materials
Recycling is an excellent way of saving energy and conserving the environment. Many
things thrown away can be recycled
and turned into new products. Here are some materials that can be recycled.
1. Wood
There are many products that can be produced from recycled wood like plant
box, chair, garden accessories,
wooden flooring, and garden decks.
2. Metal
Aside from wood , metals are highly saleable in junk shops. Companies buy
used cans to be recycled into metal
packaging like containers for canned goods, drinks, and other materials.
Metals are also used as cooking utensils and
home accessories or furniture.
3. Paper
Examples of projects that are made from recycled paper are papier-mache,
paper flowers, gift wrapper, paper bag or
purse, journals or memo pad, jewelry box, paper beads, photo frame and paper
basket.
4. Plastic
There are many ways of reusing or recycling plastics. It can be made into
water and plant containers, desk
organizers, garden lamps, etc. This is the easiest waste material to
recycle.
5. Glass
There are many projects that can be produced out of used glass containers
and bottles. Examples of these are glass
bottle sand art, vases, organizers, container for condiments for the
interior and exterior part of the house.
LET’S ANSWER
1. How can we contribute to proper waste management?
2. What are the principles of “five S” that can be applied in waste management?
3. Where can we apply these 5S?
4. How are these applied in waste management?
5. Do you think this Japanese methodology in waste management can be applied in
the Philippines?
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6. What is recycling?
7. Why do we recycle waste materials?
8. Give examples of waste that can be recycled.
9. What products can be produced out of the mentioned waste materials?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. In groups, do a demonstration about the principles of 5S. Present your work
to the class.
Prepare rubrics for these performance tasks.
B. Identify what is being asked in each statement.
________ 1. A methodology developed in Japan that is used to organize a
workplace for work to be efficient and
effective.
_________2. A principle that can be done in the work area after it has been
cleared of unneeded items.
_________3. This is a principle that means creating specific tasks,
responsibilities, and procedures or rules.
__________4. The process of converting waste materials into reusable
products.
__________5. This is a recyclable material that is easy to recycle.
LET’S REMEMBER
Waste management is a serious matter that needs serious attention and active
participation of every individual.
Effective waste management helps address many environmental issues and also opens
opportunities for earning additional
income.
The principles of 5S can be applied to facilitate waste management efforts at home,
in school, and in the community.
Materials no longer in use can be sold to recycling shops for extra income.
Re-design old materials into reusable new products.
REINFORCEMENT
Bring recyclable waste materials.
Recycle any of the waste materials into a useful project.
Do this in the school.
References:
The Basics of Better Family Living 6 by Gloria A. Peralta, Ed.D., et. al
Home Economics and Livelihood Education by Josephine C.Bernardino, et.al
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LESSON 10 RECYCLING WASTE MATERIALS INTO FUNCTIONAL ITEMS
Learning Competencies
4.3 Explains the process and importance of recycling CODE TLE6IA-0j-13
4.4 Recycles the identified products/waste material into functional item CODE
TLE6IA-0j-14
Lesson Objectives:
Explain the process and the importance of recycling
Recycle the identified products/waste material into functional items (binding of
used paper into notebook or memo pad;
bottled plastic into lampshades, flowers, and plants)
LET’S BE INFORMED
It is easy to throw away something and feel glad that you got rid of it and will
never see again. But sad to say, it does not end
here. The things you throw away go somewhere, usually to dumpsites or landfills.
Some may end up in empty lots, rivers,
and the sea.
It is also a reality that you are now living in a society where everything is
almost disposable. You tend to buy new things
instead of getting old ones repaired. It has become more convenient to throw away
items. You start to realize that it has
become a problem not only for you today but for future generations.
One of the best ways to manage trash is to recycle them. Recycling is the
conversion of old and used materials into new
products. The key component to proper waste management is recycling.
Process of Recycling
Materials that can be recycled are wood, glass, metal, paper, and plastic.
Electronic waste is considered special waste like ink
cartridges, cell phones, batteries, computers, and non-functioning appliances.
Together with plastic products, these are non-
biodegradable wastes since they do not disintegrate or rot. Biodegradable waste
such as food and garden waste can be
recycled through composting.
Collection of waste materials can be done in two ways:
1. Bring waste materials to collection centers like junk shops or the barangay
waste management center where there
are separate containers for different types of trash.
2. Pick up from residences where every barangay has a schedule of garden
collection.
Once materials are collected and segregated from junk shops or in your barangay
center, these materials will be sorted,
cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials such as handicraft projects or to be
used as raw materials for manufacturing.
Everything that comes from nature can be returned to nature.
Importance of Recycling
Recycling brings about so many benefits like:
Employment through livelihood products
Helping reduce pollution and the need for landfills
Helping save energy by reducing the use of fuel in manufacturing products
Helping families save money by reducing expenses for buying new products
Helping the economy through investments in local recycling programs.
Helping conserve and sustain the use of natural resources for future
generations.
Bringing out the innovative skills of individuals, and
Promoting community spirit through unity and cooperation
Recycled Projects
The following are examples of recycled projects wherein waste materials can be made
into functional items.
1. Scrap Paper Notepad
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Materials:
Scrap papers
Binder clips
Glue
Paintbrush
Decorative scrap paper
Masking or decorative tape
Procedure:
1. Fold into half at least 40 sheets of scrap paper. Cut paper on folded side.
2. Stock the pages by lining up the cut folded sides together. Do this on an
even surface to be precise.
3. With all pages evenly lined up, attach the binder clips on the top and
bottom edges on the cut side of the paper. Lay
it flat on the edge of the table and place a heavy object at the center near
the cut edge to keep pages compressed.
4. Apply glue evenly over the cut edge then let it dry. Repeat this 4-5 times
until you have a coat of clear glue that holds
the edges together.
5. Remove the clip binders once the glue has dried completely.
6. Attach your decorative paper by gluing it across the top of the notepad.
7. Attach the tape carefully on top of the glued area. Decorate with stickers,
labels, or anything else
2. Desk Organizer
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Materials:
6 empty plastic bottles (1 liter soft drinks bottle)
Cutter and scissors
Decorative tape
Glue stick and glue gun
Procedure:
1. Clean the bottles and let it dry.
2. Measure around 2 ½ - 3 inches from the base of the bottle going up then mark
it all around.
3. Cut the marked area using a sharp cutter. Set aside the upper part of the
bottle for future recycling projects.
4. Smoothen the cut edges using scissors.
5. Cover all the edges with decorative tape.
6. Glue together the five receptacles as seen below.
7. Decorate with stickers, labels, or anything else.
Materials:
2-3 tin cans
Scraps of cloth or scrap papers
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Glue stick and glue gun
½ inch wide ribbon (color should match the cloth or paper)
Procedure:
1. Remove the top cover of the tin can and smoothen the cut edges by using a
small hammer.
2. Wash the can with soap and water and let it dry under the heat of the sun.
3. Glue the cloth or paper all around the sides of the can. Let it dry.
4. Attach the ribbon around the top and bottom of the can.
5. Accessorize your tin can holder.
6. Do the same procedure with the two remaining cans.
LET’S ANSWER
Why is recycling very important and beneficial to you and your community?
LET’S DO TOGETHER
A. Make a project plan for a recycled project
LET’S REMEMBER
Recycling is beneficial to you and the community because it creates
employment through livelihood projects,
conserves energy and money, and saves our environment from pollution and increasing
landfills.
REINFORCEMENT
Use any of the sample recycled projects in this lesson to make a mini
project or make your own recycled project
using the materials that you brought.
References:
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