Ionic and Covalent

Bonding
by:
Andrew M. Famero, BSN, RN, MAEd Science
Ionic Bond- is the attraction
between oppositely charged
ions. Ionic bonds are caused by
electrons “transferring” from one
atom to another.
Ex. Li (positive charge) and F
(negative charge).
The two ions, Li+ and F- now
attract each other to form LiF.
Lewis Dot Structure-consists of the
symbol of an element and uses dots to
represent valence electrons.
Ex. Li and F

Li + F Li F
Note:In ionic bond, electrons are only
transferred.
Ionic Ex: Mg and O, Na2 and O

Mg + O Mg O

Na + O Na O
Na Na
Covalent Bond–is formed when two
electrons are shared equally between two
atoms.
Single bonds are formed when two atoms
are held together by one pair of electrons.
Double bonds are formed by from sharing
of two pairs of electrons.
Triple bonds are formed when atoms are
held by three pairs of elctrons.
Ex. F2 molecule
Example of Covalent Bond: F2

F + F F F

or F F
bond pair lone pair
Draw the Lewis dot Structure for CO2:

O C O
The Lewis Structure will be:

O C O
According to Gilbert Lewis, atoms combine in
order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
The maximum stability is attained when an atom
assumes the noble gases valence electronic
configuration.

The Octet Rule states that “when atoms of

elements combine to form compounds, they tend
to lose, gain or share electrons to achieve the
same electron arrangement as noble gases
nearest them in the periodic table.

Except for Helium, the noble gases have eight

outer electrons or an octet of electrons.
THANK
YOU.