ENGLISH PAPER “FIRE”

GROUP VI

2.1 DEFINITION OF FIRE

Fires are a real danger arising from the use of electricity. Fires cause loss of life and not
only cover a person, but can occur in places where many humans are gathered, such as factories,
shopping centers etc. In addition to losing human life also resulted in huge losses in terms of
material. Forest fires, vegetation fires, or bush fires, are wildfires, but can also destroy nearby
houses and farmland. Common causes include lightning, human carelessness, and burning. The
dry season and the prevention of small forest fires are the main cause of large forest fires
The figures obtained from the fire department of DKI, that the loss of fire during the period
1993 to September 1998 is approximately 487 billion Rupiah. Actually to get certainty what the
main cause of fire is often very difficult. Usually evident proof has been destroyed by fire, and
additionally damage caused to electrical installations because fire is often aimed at arcing
between the conductors, due to the deterioration of the insulation, thus drawn a mistaken
conclusion that the fire originated from electricity. From the statistics of DKI the main cause of
fires during the period January - September 1998 was electricity (48%) and the burnt objects
were housing (in French office buildings). The events of the above mentioned fires can be
reduced only by educating the user and can not be impeded by regulatory inventories for power
installations and advanced equipment inventories. But damage to the installation can and lead to
fires and in this paper reviewed what causes fire and how it can be prevented by planning and
selection of installation of equipment for electrical installations.

2.2 FACTORS OF FIRE

1. Lightning strikes in dry forests due to long dry seasons.
2. The carelessness of human beings among others throwing cigarette butts indiscriminately and
forget to turn off the fire at camp.
3. Volcanic activity such as lava flows or hot clouds from eruptions
volcano.
4. A deliberate act such as to clear agricultural land or
opening up new farmland and acts of vandalism.
5. Ground fire / ground fire on the area of peat soil that can
igniting a fire on the ground during the dry season.

2.3 SIGNS OF FIRE

1. There is a smell of burning objects into the cabin space sometimes accompanied by smoke.
2. Immediately pull the vehicle in a safe and empty position, turn off the engine.
3.Before exiting the car, pull the opening lever of the hood. Then take it
Important items such as cell phones, vehicle registration (there are usually put it on
behind the sun blocker over the windshield), and most importantly-if tubes are available
extinguisher.
4. Direct the fire extinguisher through the opening of the hood (if it has spouted
fire). Do not even try to open the hood wide because the entry of fresh air will make the fire
enlarge instantly.
4.If the fire is enlarged, do not try to extinguish it yourself. Find help, phone
police or firefighters.
6. Do not be near the car, given the possible explosion.
7. Quenching fire with water is useless.

2.4 AREAS OF FIRE

1. Densely populated residential areas with density levels among buildings tall one. Such dear
can be found in slums like in Jakarta. Building materials that are still semi-permanent and
irregular electrical installations further magnify the potential for large fires. In addition, the
difficulty of finding water sources and away from hydrants causes the difficulty of blackouts in
case of fire.
2.In forest areas and peatlands, especially in Kalimantan and Sumatra. Unlogged (still native)
wet tropical forests are generally resistant to forest fires and are likely to fire only if there is a
prolonged dry season. But the recent rampant logging that causes forest degradation makes
forests much more vulnerable to fires. Coupled with the highly flammable peatlands, the flames
have greatly spread.
3. The area of shop or market is usually between one another only separated by bulkhead so
tightly and in case of fire very easy to spread. For example, in areas such as Tanah Abang,
Malioboro, etc.
4.Rooms with lots of vertical buildings or multi-storey buildings as well very vulnerable to fire.
In high-rise buildings the fire can spread rapidly to the buildings on top of it plus the number of
electrical installations used primarily in offices.
5. Mining areas with mining products are combustible materials such as coal, petroleum, etc. In a
place like this if there is a little spark will be very easy to trigger a fire.
2.5 IMPACTS OF FIRE
1. Impact on Social, Culture and Economy
A. Loss of people's livelihood
A number of people who have been hanging their lives from burned areas are unable to carry out
their activities. The smoke generated from fires interferes with their activities which
automatically also affects the decrease in income.
B. Disrupted daily activities
The presence of fire smoke automatically interfere with the activities of everyday people. For
example in the morning some people can not carry out its activities because of the difficulty of
sunlight through the air filled with smoke.
C. Increased number of pests
A number of species are said to be a pest if their existence and activity interfere with human
production processes. The fires will force the animals in the forest out of the forest and search for
new habitats such as human communities by destroying the human production process it
undergoes.
D. Disrupted health
Significant increase in the amount of smoke is a major cause of ARDs or respiratory infections.
Symptoms are marked with tightness in the chest and slightly watery eyes.
E. Productivity decreases
The appearance of smoke also hinders human productivity. Although we can get out by using a
mask but the sun in the morning is not able to penetrate the thickness of existing smoke.
Automatically work time was reduced.
2. Impacts on Ecological and Environmental Damage
A. The loss of a number of species
Fire not only destroys the types of trees but also destroys many other types of wildlife habitat.
Most of the animals that have been destroyed are trapped by the smoke and the difficulty of
getting out because fire has been besieged from all directions.
B The threat of erosion
Fires occurring on mountain slopes or in high altitudes will destroy a number of plants that also
serve to retain the rate of soil in the upper layers to avoid erosion. When it rains and when the
run-off occurs, the absence of roots from the soil causes the soil to be carried away by the
downward rain which ultimately has the potential to cause not only erosion but also landslides.
C. Changes in land use and utilization functions
Forests before burning automatically have many functions. As a catchment area, carbon dioxide
filters as well as links from a larger ecosystem that keeps the balance of planet Earth. When the
forest is burned the catchment function of the area is also lost. In a large ecosystem, solar heat
can not be absorbed properly because of the loss of the absorption function of the burning forest.
D. Decrease in water quality
Forest fires do not significantly cause changes in water quality. The changing water quality is
more due to the erosion factor that appears upstream. When the rainwater no longer has a barrier
to hold its speed then it will bring all the grains of land that is above it to enter into the existing
river as a result the river becomes a bit turbid.
E. Disruption of coral reef ecosystem
The rejection of coral reef ecosystem is more caused by smoke factor. The thickness of the
smoke causes the sun to penetrate the depths of the ocean. Ultimately this will make coral reefs
and some other species slightly blocked for photosynthesis.
F. Decrease in foreign exchange
G. The decline in productivity automatically affects the microeconomics which ultimately affects
the income of the state.
H. Sedimentation in the river
The thickness of the eroded mud will undergo deposition downstream of the river. The threat that
arises is the overflow of the river due to continuous erosion.
3. Impact on Inter-State Relations
The smoke generated from the fire unfortunately does not recognize administrative boundaries.
Smoke is actually carried by the wind to neighboring countries so that some neighboring
countries come to inhale the smoke caused by fire in the country of Indonesia. The result is that
the relationship between the state becomes disturbed by the emergence of violent protests from
Malaysia and Singapore to Indonesia so that we can immediately localize the forest fires so that
the smoke will not grow thicker.
4. Impact on Transportation and Tourism
The thickness of the smoke also disrupts air transport. Often there is a plane that can not go down
in one place because of the thick smoke that surrounds the place. Of course this will disrupt the
tourism business because of the reluctance of people to be in the tempt filled.

2.6 ANTICIPATION OF FIRE

1. Mobilization and involvement of various parties in fire fighting activities.
2. Installation and Placement of Fire Extinguishers in Fire Prone Locations
3. Search for water substitution for fire fighting
4. Selection of Appropriate Extinguishing Methods.
5. Artificial Rain
6. Water Bombing (Airplane Use)

2.7 SOLUTIONS OF FIRE

a. Ensure that all exits are free of combustible materials.
b. Do not let the garbage build up.
c. Use the right container for storing or pouring flammable liquids.
d. Store flammable liquids safely from a source of flame.
e. Make sure the cables and electrical appliances are not damaged.
f. Don’t overload the electrical circuit.
g. Don’t place the extinguishers in place, immediately send the fire extinguisher to recharge.
h. To resolve the fire, install enough of the most suitable fire extinguishers, make sure the
extinguishers are properly positioned and installed in accordance with Australian Standard
2444 or under local fire and building regulations. In addition, the installation of hydrants in
high-rise buildings.
i. Treat and check all fire extinguishers and equipment, fire extinguishers and hose reels
regularly under Australian Standards 1851 or local fire regulations and regulations
j. Increased community care about fire.
k. Improved law enforcement, eg for illegal loggers.
l. The establishment of fire fighting forces especially for early fire handling.
m. Creation of reservoirs in the area for fire suppression.
n. Making skate burn, especially between land, plantation, agriculture with forest.
o. Avoid land clearing by burning.
p. Avoid planting similar crops for large areas.
q. Conduct strict land combustion control.
r. Replanting burnt areas with heterogeneous crops
s. Active participation in fire outages early in the area.
t. Development of land clearance technology without burning(composting, charcoal briquettes)
u. Provision of emergency response funds for forest and land fire prevention.
v. Intensive fuel management to avoid wider fires.
QUESTIONS OF GROUP :

1. Dessy Ramadhani

Question :

Answer :

2. Fini Alvionita

Question :

Answer :

3. Jefri Edravolta

Question :

Answer :

4. Mardatila

Question :

Answer :

5. Rahmi Usman

Question :

Answer :
6. Cintya Rahmi

Question :

If we in apartment, what can we do when the fire happen?

Answer :

7. Hamdila Putri Permadani

Question :

What the impacts fire for environment?

Answer :

A. The loss of a number of species

B The threat of erosion
C. Changes in land use and utilization functions
D. Decrease in water quality
E. Disruption of coral reef ecosystem
F. Decrease in foreign exchange
G. The decline in productivity automatically affects the microeconomics which ultimately affects
the income of the state.
H. Sedimentation in the river

8. Ilham Handani

Question :

How is the most effective to save ourself from fire?

Answer :

a. Ensure that all exits are free of combustible materials.

b. Do not let the garbage build up.
c. Use the right container for storing or pouring flammable liquids.
d. Store flammable liquids safely from a source of flame.
e. Make sure the cables and electrical appliances are not damaged.
f. Don’t overload the electrical circuit.
g. Don’t place the extinguishers in place, immediately send the fire extinguisher to recharge.

9. Monica Oktaviani

Question :

How to prevent fire in the house?

Answer :

10. Rani Selvia

Question :

What should we do if we caught in fire?

Answer :