Topic name-Low pass filter

presented by
Manas Kumar
Branch –Electrical Engineering
B.Tech (1st yr)
Contents
 Introduction of filters
 Low pass filter
 RC Low pass filter
 Response curve of LPF
 Cut off frequency
 Cutoff frequency of RCLPF
 RC low pass filter
 Applications
Introduction of filters
 Basically an electrical filter is a circuit that can be designed to modify,
reshape all unwanted frequencies of an electric signal and accept or
Pass only those signals wanted by the circuit designer. In other words
they “filter out” all unwanted signals.
Low pass filter

 A low pass filter is a filter that allows signals with low frequencies
to pass from input to output while receiving higher frequencies.

 A low pass filter can be a combination of capacitance, resistance

or inductance intended to produce high attenuation above very
specified frequency and a little or no attenuation below frequency .
RC Low pass filter

 A single rc low pass filter, can be easily made by connecting

together in series a single resistance with a single capacitor .
In this type of filter arrangement the input signal (Vin) is applied
to the series combination (both the resistor and capacitor ) but
the output signal (Vout) is across the capacitor only.
Response curve of LPF
Circuit diagram
Cut off frequency

 The frequency at which the transition occurs and the filters

output is 70.7% of input is called “cut off” frequency.
RL low pass filter

 A RL low pass filter, can be easily made by connecting together in

series a single inductor with a resistor and output is taken across the
resistor.
Cut off frequency of RCLPF

 Xc=R
1/wc=R
1/2¤fc=R
fc=1/2¤RC
 At the cut off frequency the output voltage
magnitude is-
Vout=Vin×Xc/sqrt (Xc^2+R^2)
Applications

 RC circuit acts as integrator also, so the low pass

filter is also act as integrator
 Low pass filter used in audio applications .
 Low pass filter used in reciver, such as Superhetrodyne .