Trouble Shooting ------------Panel

Customer Service Dept. —Technical group

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 Contents
1、Panel introduction

2、 Assemble and disassemble panel

3、Trouble shooting ------bonding IC/source board/disassemble and

assemble polarizer/remove bright dot etc

4、Panel repairing factory------simple and full factory

5、Appendix

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Panel---Structure
•Single backlight board module panel

T-con board

Backlight board

•Double backlight board module panel

T-con board

Double
Backlight board

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Panel introduction ---TFT-LCD Imaging Principle

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Panel introduction----Diagram block

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Panel introduction----Modue system block

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Panel introduction----Structure

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 Panel introduction---Structure
Liquid Crystal Module:Consist of liquid crystal,Thin Film Transistor(TFT),TFT electrode sheets,Color
filter sheet,Glass sheets and Polarizing filter.

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 Panel introduction----Structure

Glass substrates
Protection sheet
Prism
sheet(vertical)
Prism sheet
(horizontal)
Diffuser sheet
CCFL/LED
Reflector

LED
CCFL

Light source module: consist of CCFL, reflection sheet, light guide plate(LGP), diffuser sheet,
prism sheets and protection sheet.
Notice: The panel used in LCD-TV has no LGP, but has many CCFL arrayed orderly. Page 9 of 51
Panel introduction ------Assemble panel(CCFL backlight)

Reflector sheet

Assemble protection
sheet\prism sheet
CCFL bracket (two)\diffuser sheet

Assemble CCFL:
Handle CCFL with
care.

Take care: CCFL &

socket connection Finishing assembling
backlight module

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Panel introduction ------Assemble panel (CCFL backlight)

Assemble bracket

Bring open cell

to assemble

Check here it is ok or not

Put the open cell on
the backlight module

Handle source board

with care.
Check panel it is ok or not

Take care flexible

printed cable
Tool’s moving opencell
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Panel introduction ---Assemble and disassemble panel (LED backlight)----

rear cabinet photo front cabinet photo

Disassembly Sequence
FILM DIFFUSER
FILM PRISM
FILM DIFFUSER

FILM DIFFUSER-PLATE

A A A A
A A A

Assembly Sequence Page 12 of 51

Trouble shooting-----------Driving circuits of TFT-LCD Module

Gate-driver IC also call Y-Driver IC. Scan driver , Source driver IC are call X-Driver IC/Data driver.

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Trouble shooting-----------Gate/Source LCD driver feature

TFT Gate / Source LCD Driver

Source Driver IC
— Equip mini-LVDS input interface for low EMI and high speed data input
— Support gamma correction for different panel materials
— Support Dot- and N-line inversion for panel perdurable and color uniformity (reduce flicker)
— Support cascade mode with bi-direction shift control for different display resolutions

Gate Driver IC Source Driver IC

— Support high driving voltage operation for stable display color
and wide view angle
— Support selective shift direction for different panel
system directions
— Support multiple pulses for pre-charge application using
future large panel technologies Gate Driver IC

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Trouble shooting --- Package and working block diagram of Driver IC

working block diagram of Driver IC

working block diagram of Driver IC

Source Driver IC

X COF

Remark:
TCP: Tape Carrier package
COF: Chip on film
COG: Chip on glass
RSDS:Reduced swing differential signaling
NS: National semiconductor
LVDS:low-voltage differential signaling
Y COF Gate Driver IC TTL: Transistor-Transistor logic
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Trouble shooting -- Gate Driver IC function

Gate Driver is also called scan driver or row driver

• Function
– Read in start signal
– Progressively turn on pixel TFTs on each gate line
– Turn off TFT during pixel holding period
• Design consideration
– RC delay of bus line (for large-size panel)
• Capacitive coupling driving (CC driving)
• Gate-driver in panel
Gate Driver Architecture

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 Trouble shooting----------- Source Driver IC function
For example:LG5701

Features

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Trouble shooting-----------Panel repairing operation flow
defective panel

test and  classify

Repairing

Defect PCB  Defect polarizer  Defect B/L Repairing unavailable

Defect COF  NO (Repair B/L)
(Repair PCB) (Replace Polarizer)
( Re‐Bonding)
Most fault Most fault
Most fault 1: CCFL or LED lamp  1:Like “+ ”line
Most fault Most fault
1: Scratch POL is not light 2:the other fault is 
1: Dark screen  1:Some line  for 
2: POL has bubble 2: CCFL or LED lamp  see next page 
display COF
3: POL break off/ perk  auto power off picture 
2: Auto power off 2: Line bar for COF
Inside  3: Backlight local 
3: So many  3: Break off COF 
4: POL has the other  section is abnormal
different colour 4: The other fault 
foreign matter
4: abnormal taste for COF

Finish repairing
Pending 
processing 
warehouse
Aging and  testing

Full‐inspection

entering   warehouse 
for good product

Random‐ sample test

Outbound warehouse
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Trouble shooting----------- Panel repairing unavailable

Half V-line Dark dot liquid crystal effusion liquid crystal effusion liquid crystal effusion
and line
together LCD LEAKAGE

Panel broken Panel broken Panel broken “+” line and bright dot

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Trouble shooting-----------Panel repairing

V-line V-line V-line V-band

V-band V-band V-band V-band

H-line H-line H-band H-band

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Trouble shooting-----------Panel repairing

“+” line Polarizer scracth Polarizer scracth

Bright dot Bright dot No backlight(the problem is

backlight module

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Trouble shooting----------- Panel repairing operation flow of abnormal picture

Check panel defect

picture,remark defect position
for panel

First judge the problem is power Signal NG Check pcb’s wire for  yes repair PCB 

supply voltage or signal scratch/component/unsoldering/ circuit/component/ 
component  short circuit  unsolderingand soldering 

Power NG NO

Use oscilloscope to measure T‐con repair T‐con board 

use digital multi‐meter to confirm  OK NO
board output signal is ok or not
VDD/AVDD/VGA/VGL/VCOM/Gamma’
s voltage is ok or not

NG yes

According diagram to check which  Check PCB circuit/S‐IC/panel

circuit voltage is normal or not. yes repair PCB/S‐IC/G‐IC
component is defect, for example; 
remove one of component to  normal
check which section is defect

NO
yes
Oscilloscope message S‐IC/G‐ Replace S‐IC/G‐IC
IC is  normal or not
Check defect component

abnormal
others
Change the defect component

yes
close
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 Trouble shooting -- Source board test key point for power supply voltage

For example: model: ST315A04-1

+12v supply
voltage to panel

CN1’s interface 
pin1/pin2/pin3’s voltage 
is +12v
Y

F1/12V check pin16/pin17/pin20

for IC6 is +12v or not

CN1/12V Check L2/L12 check pin5/pin6’s  Check pin11/pin13/pin14  check pin40 

voltage  for IC6 is  VDD’s voltage is 3.3v or  VGH’s voltage is 
6.7 or not not 31.5v or not

D3+/12V

check COF /X1‐ replace IC6 IC5/IN3.3V, COF/X1‐X4 Replac COF/X1’S

X4HVAA ‘S OUT1.8V VDD’s voltage e IC6 voltage is
check L2 is check R148 is voltage is 6.7v is 3.3v 31.5
+12v or not 14.8v or not

Check Q1 for Q1 check COF VAA is IC supply voltage

D=14.9v/G=8.4v/S=14.9 or not 14.8v or not to Main IC

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Trouble shooting -- Source board’s block diagram(model:ST315A04-1)

Model:ST315A04-1, below board is source board

Interface section
Gray section Timing control  Power supply voltage section
section

Model:T35XW06 V0, below board is source board and backlight

Power supply voltage section
Backlight  section Gray section Timing control  Interface section
section

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Trouble shooting----------- LCM introduction

Open Cell Outer Lead Bonding PCB Inspection

Function Test

Remark:
LCM: Liquid Crystal Module

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Trouble shooting-----------Bonding process

OLB PCB
Cell in BONDING BONDING
PCBI

TAB: Tape Automatic Bonding

OLB: Outer Lead Bonding
ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film
FPC: Flexible Printed Circuit
PCB: Printed Circuit Board

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Trouble shooting -- ACF for FOG Process (FPC on Glass)

ACF: Anisoptropic Conductive Film

FOG: Flex On Glass
FPC: Flexible Printed Circuit

ACF-FOG Specification

Microsoft
werPoint Presentat

ACF

Adobe Acrobat
Document

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Trouble shooting-----------ACF for FOB process (FPC on PCB)

Flex On Board

ACF-FOB Specification

ACF

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Trouble shooting-----------ACF for COG /COF Process (Chip on glass/chip on FPC)

ACF for COG Process

ACF for COF Process

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Trouble shooting-----------ACF-COF/COG Specification

ACF

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Trouble shooting-----------Bonding machine operating flow

Remove defect COF, clear COF connect area.

Put bonding cell on the desk Tear off COF

Use tweezers to nip COF or vacuum board Clean ACF

absorb COF

Set up bonding machine heat pressing

Stick ACF
temperature/time/pressure

Start to check position,adjust Adjust

micrometer,finish adjusting position position and
bonding COF

Startup key button,start to heat pressing

Finish heat pressing,take out production or

operate next step,operate again Page 31 of 51
Trouble shooting-----------Repair bright dot

1 pixel = 3 dot(sub-pixel)

Optics-pattern structure

Cause: red dot’s TFT keep breakover, repair

way: use laser repair machine to let TFT
breakoff, let bright dot change to dark dot

LCD Driving theorem

Laser repair machine Page 32 of 51

Finish repairing
Trouble shooting-----------Repair H-line

Cause: One of Gate IC

channel is defective, repair
way: Use bonding machine to
replace one new Gate IC COF
Gate1 is defect

LCD Driving theorem

Repair tool and material

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Trouble shooting-----------Repair H-band

Cause : many Gate IC

channel is defective, repair
way: use bonding machine
to replace two or three
new Gate IC COF.
Gate 1 or 2 is defect
LCD Driving theorem

Repair tool and material

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Trouble shooting-----------Repair V-line

Cause : Soure IC
channel is defect, repair
way: use bonding
machine to replace one
of new Source IC COF

source2 COF is defect

LCD Driving theorem

Repair tool and material

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Trouble shooting-----------Repair V-band

Cause : Source IC
channel is defective,
repair way: Use bonding
machine to replace two
or three new Source IC
COF.

LCD Driving theorem

source1 COF is defective

Repair tool and material

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Trouble shooting-----------Repair “+” line

Cause : Source IC and

Gate IC channel is
defective, repair way:
Use bonding machine to
replace new source IC
COF and gate IC COF
LCD Driving theorem
Gate 1 and X2 are defect

Repair tool and material

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Trouble shooting-----------Repair polarizer’s scratch

Cause polarizer is defect, polarizer

repair way: use Stick and
tear off machine to
replace new polarizer

Repair tool and material

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Trouble shooting -- How to replace polarizer

Operate flow technology flow

Machine reset tear off tip of polarizer

make LCD panel inside machine front polarizer

station, suction vacuum polarizer

put panel
make polarizer on the plate
turnover for machine station
finish to adjust position

tear off tip of polarizer section

for stick point start to adjust closely to fit

use double-side tape to make

tear off tip of polarizer to stick take out panel Stick polarizer’s machine
stripper axle tear

press startup button, the plate

turnover for machine station
move to the left end stick point

idler for machine start to press Replacement polarizers

downward and adjust closely to
fit
Page 39 of 51 Tear off polarizer’s machine
Trouble shooting—Polarizer

1、Polarizer scratch
Polarizer including rear and front polarizer，when we cannot take care to touch and move
polarizer, maybe we will make front polarizer scratch(see below picture),when we service engineer
disassembly /assembly/put the panel, we can take care rear polarizer.

2、inside polarizer has bubbles

Inside polarizer has bubbles, the cause is between glass substrate and polarizer has small
material, but we cannot see by our eye, we see it is the same as bubbles, the second cause: stick
machine is not level off or pressure is not enough, it has gas inside polarizer.

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Trouble shooting—Polarizer
3] Inside polarizer has material
Inside polarizer has material, the first cause is: panel supplier and after sale service’s room is not
enough clear, the second cause: it has material stick glass substrate or polarizer, we cannot clear
the material.

4] How to judge inside polarizer has abnormal substance

In order to judge the abnormal substance is inside polarizer surface or inside the front and back
glass, we can reference below picture to judge, remark: use A and B zenith (start from abnormal
material) and outspread line position to judge

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Full panel repairing factory------Area planning

NO. Area's Name for Panel Repair Factory

1 warehouse
2 Detect area (IQC)
3 Disassembly area(open-cell display panel disassembly
4 Repair PCB’s area
5 Dust removel/ESD removel
6 Assembly area
7 stripping\stick film area

8 Bonding area(including assembly/assebly\clear\preprocess\heating area)

9 Outgoing Inspection(OQC)
10 warehouse (finish repairing display screen)
11 Warehouse house(NG panel area\meterial area)
12 replace cloth room(shoe\cloth area)
13 Aging room
14 tea room/office/meeting room
15 electronic material area(repair material)

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 Full panel repairing factory--- Area planning sample

Tape Automatic Bonding

Clean room Entrance
Disassembly Area TAB Bonding and ACF clean

FA Analyze Area
Material Working Area Polarizer Strip and Assembly Area
Transport
Window
IQC and Defect Panel Stock.

OQC Area

Assembly
Area

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Full panel repairing factory ------Machine list

basic repairing and testing tool

NO. Equipments/Tools Type/ Specification PHOTO
1 RF signals FLUCK PM5418

2 Since the coupling transformer CHINT（0～300V，3KVA）

What is “Since” ?
3 Tape cutting machine /

4 Ca-310 color analyzer For white balance test ,YPBPR,VGA

check

5 bonding tool

6 Laser repair machine

7 microscope machine

8 Stick polarizer’s machine

9 Tear off polarizer’s machine

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 Full Panel Repairing Factory------- Organization Chart

Plant Manager

Supervisor for Quality Manager Repair Workshop

warehouse(responsibility: (responsibility: manage (responsibility: repair defect
manage warehouse activities, quality test and panel panel)
inbound and outbound logistic aging)
& etc)

Bonding Replace Repair

Transport NG panel IQC OQC polarizer PCB
and keep Good panel area (Incoming (Outgoing
meterial area (packing) Quality Quality
(transport (packing) Control) Control)
and keep
meterial/ Bonding（clear assembly Disassembly
help dirty goods etc panel
packing)

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Full panel repairing factory------ HR

Work Station job content Persons

warehouse staff Warehouse management and document prepare 2
IQC Inspection and sorting 2
Disassemble Dissassemble panel 2
TAB repair FA analyze and Bonding 3
Polarizer Strip 1
Assembly Polarizer 1
Assembly staff 2
OQC Quality control 2
Total 15

Remark:
According to our experience we can finish repairing defect panel 70pcs/8hours
by full panel repairing factory (reference).

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 simple panel repairing factory------ Manchine and Engineers

Engineer: 2 persons

Bonding machine

Repair fault: V-line/H-line/V-band/H-band

Finish repairing quantity of defect panel.

8 hours:30pcs (reference)

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Trouble shooting-----------Summary

H‐band fault H‐line fault

Source board fault

Trouble shooting
for display screen Polarizer
Bright dot fault scratch

V‐band fault V-line fault

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Appendix

Different Panel replace each other information

NO. Item Attachment

1 Replacement power supply board
2 LVDS picture
3 Replacement LVDS
panel
cement informatio
4 Replacement panel
5 Replacement OPEN CELL

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Appendix
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
LCM: Liquid Crystal Module LCM packing way compare
TN: Twisted Nematic
STN: Super Twisted Nematic packing interface panel
Min Pitch cost picture
FSTN: Formulated Super Twisted Nematic way material dimensions
TFT: Thin Film Transistor
OSD: On Screen Display Bare bonding
IC、 under 5 inch
DVI: Digital Visual Interface COB 100μm middle
aluminium panel
TMDS: Transition Minimized Differential Singnaling steel、PCB
LVDS: Low Voltage Differential Signaling Bare bonding
IC: Integrate Circuit IC、base
TCP: Tape Carrier Package over 7 inch
TAB board on film 60μm expensive
panel
COB: Chip On Board 、ACF、ITO
COF: Chip On FPC glass
COG: Chip On Glass Bare bonding
EL: Electro Luminescence under 5 inch
COG IC、ACF、 34μm cheap
CCFL(CCFT): Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light/Tude panel
ITO glass
DPI: Dot Per Inch
Bare bonding
HTN: High Twisted Nematic IC、passive
FSTN: Formulated STN component
ITO: Indium-Tin Oxide COF 60μm all inch panel expensive
film、ACF、
ECB: Electrically Controlled Birefringence ITO glass、
PCB: Print Circuit Board PCB
TAB: Tape Automated Bonding

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 THANK
TCL集团股份有限公司
www.tcl.com
@TCL创意感动生活

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