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LMX9830 - National Semiconductor's New 2007
№2
Bluetooth Wireless Solution
July 05, 2019
Mishan Mikhail Calex Hew Series 150W DC / DC
Shtrapenin Gennady Converters for Industrial
Development
The choice of wireless technology is a complex task, which includes software development July 01, 2019
along with the hardware solution, and also takes into account the time it takes to master the Industry's First Terabit Crystals with
technology and a number of other factors - mass and dimensional characteristics of the 400 GbE and FlexE Support
device, the use of additional components, etc. It is obvious that the total cost of the product June 26, 2019
at the same time, it significantly exceeds the price of integrated circuits (ICs) used in it.
Inexpensive compact 40/60-W AC /
Currently, several wireless standards are used, of which the most popular are Wi-Fi, ZigBee DC power supplies for information
and Bluetooth. For communication at a distance of up to 100 m and a data exchange rate of technology equipment and medical
the order of 1 Mbit / s, Bluetooth technology is best suited, the advantage of which is its equipment
mass application in the form of integrated solutions in laptop computers, laptops, mobile
phones and other wearable equipment, as well as the availability of inexpensive miniature June 24, 2019
New Meggitt 7360A Inertial Module
Bluetooth modules with a USB interface. National Semiconductor’s latest development, the
LMX9830 IC, which combines both hardware and software implementations of the Bluetooth
June 19, 2019
protocol, makes it possible to integrate wireless technology into various products relatively
New Meggitt 7360A Inertial Module
easily and at minimal cost.
The range of tasks solved on the basis of the Bluetooth interface is quite wide. Most often, News archive
Bluetooth is used to replace the cable connection in consumer electronics and when
transferring data from equipment, access to which is limited. This can be, for example,
devices located on high-rise buildings, in enclosed spaces, aggressive gas environments, on
moving objects, as well as medical equipment, etc. Replacing a cable connection with
Bluetooth solves the issues of ensuring galvanic isolation, authorized access and eliminating
incorrect connectivity. Using a wireless connection makes the equipment more convenient for
the user and, accordingly, increases its competitiveness.
Consider briefly the features of Bluetooth technology. An unlicensed frequency range of
2400.8-2483.5 GHz (Industrial, Scientific, Medical - ISM) is used, in which 79 frequency
channels are allocated with a width of 1 MHz each, while the transmitter “jumps” from the
carrier to the carrier synchronously with the receiver in a pseudo-random sequence,
determined by the address of the master, with a frequency of up to 1600 times per second.
The standard provides for the possibility of "encryption" of messages, as well as the exclusion
of channels on which reception and transmission are hindered by interference, which,
together with an abrupt change in the carrier frequency, ensures confidentiality of
information and noise immunity. Bluetooth supports point-to-point and point-to-dot
connections (star). The optimal way to transfer data of a certain type is achieved using
specialized profile protocols. In total, 13 profiles are provided. They have a hierarchical
structure. The main profiles - Generic Access Profile (GAP), Service Discovery Profile (SDAP)
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and Serial Port Profile (SPP) - are responsible for maintaining communication between
devices, determine available services and allow Bluetooth devices to emulate a serial
interface. The next level profiles are built on the basis of the basic ones and are intended to
solve a specific range of problems, for example, File Transfer Profile (FTP) is used to transfer
files, HeadSet Profile (HSP) is used to transfer audio information, Dial- to communicate with
computers via the Internet up Networking Profile (DUN) and others. As a rule, not all just a
few specific profiles that match the specifications of this device The main parameters of
Bluetooth technology are given in table 1. Detailed information about the standard,
description of protocols and profiles can be found on the website www.bluetooth.org.
Table 1. The main parameters of the standard Bluetooth
 Technology
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New issue of the Components and
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Publisher News Archive
National Semiconductor has long been known for its Bluetooth solutions. In particular, a
complete hardware implementation of a Bluetooth 1.2 data transmission device can be
obtained by sharing the LMX5252 radio frequency transceiver and the CP3BTxx series
communication processor. The next and already single-chip solutions are the LMX5452 and
LMX5453 ICs, combining a transceiver and a Baseband Controller in a single package. In the
latest IC, a more modern protocol Bluetooth 2.0 is implemented.
Note, however, that for the normal operation of devices based on these microcircuits, it is
necessary to create special, rather laborious in writing software that implements the
algorithms of profiles and protocols. Thus, the use of such solutions is advisable only for
large-scale production.
For the rapid development of Bluetooth applications in a relatively small number of
products, National Semiconductor has released the LMX9820 hybrid IC [1, 2], which, in
addition to the full hardware implementation, also includes software support. Unlike previous
solutions of the company, IC LMX9820 has a serial asynchronous interface (UART) for the
exchange of data and commands. A Bluetooth device with LMX9820 IC requires only two
external elements - a quartz resonator and an antenna. The interface is configured using a
small set of simple commands, and data transfer is possible in "end-to-end" mode - without
control commands. The LMX9820 IC is certified by the International Bluetooth SIG Do you need comments on
Association and comes with a “flashed” unique 48-bit network address. Essentially, the
LMX9820 is a simple UART-Bluetooth adapter,
articles? Would you
comment?
In 2006, National Semiconductor launched the low-cost CMOS IC LMX9830, similar in
parameters LMX9820. And although a number of external elements are required to build Yes sure
Bluetooth devices based on the LMX9830, the total cost of the product is still significantly
Yes, but only for registered users
lower than that of the LMX9820. LMX9830 does not contain EEPROM and therefore cannot
save configuration parameters and network address when the supply voltage is disconnected, No, this service is not needed.
however, this IC provides a serial interface via SPI or I2C protocol for connecting an external
EEPROM IC. Optimization of the parameters of devices with the LMX9830 is achieved by the
possibility of implementing both complex algorithms that support many profiles and relatively
Vote
simple ones in which the LMX9830 operates as a direct transmission channel without a
control microcontroller.
The LMX9830 IC, like the LMX9820, is made in the BGA package, but has fewer leads and
a larger pitch between them, which simplifies PCB layout. There are examples where all the
conductors could be wired on a two-layer board, although the manufacturer recommends
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using a four-layer board. The main characteristics of the IC LMX9830 are presented in table
2.
Table 2. The main parameters of the IC LMX9830
A simplified block diagram of the LMX9830 IC is shown in Fig. 1. The IC includes a RF path
(transceiver), BaseBand controller for processing low-level protocols L2CAP, RFCOMM and
SDP, a connection controller (Link Controller), an audio codec and a CompactRISC control
processor. The ROM contains the program code recorded during the production of ICs, which
implements protocols and top-level profiles, as well as an interpreter for control commands.
16 kB RAM is intended for storing settings and downloading software updates. In developing
the LMX9830 IC, proprietary technologies from National Semiconductor Digital Smart Radio
and CompactRISC were used.
 Fig. 1. Simplified block diagram of the IC LMX9830

The simplified wiring diagram of the LMX9830 shown in Fig. 2, contains a microcontroller,
an external ROM on an EEPROM AT24C64 IC, quartz resonators with matching capacitors, a
resistive-capacitive filter of the PLL system of an RF generator and an antenna. The LEDs
connected to the outputs of the general register PG6 and PG7 indicate the status of the
connection (Link Status) and data reception / transmission (Traffic), respectively. A complete
connection diagram is available in the proprietary documentation [3]. It should be noted that
the external EEPROM memory for operation of the LMX9830 is not mandatory if the
parameters are initialized at each power-up by an external controller. When using EEPROM,
data exchange between it and the LMX9830 occurs automatically without the intervention of
a microcontroller. External elements used in the circuit with LMX9830,

Fig. 2. A simplified functional diagram of the connection of the LMX9830 IC

In the documentation provided by the manufacturer, you can find a list of recommended
types of antennas. In the simplest case, a whip antenna (λ / 4) can be used. However, such
an antenna is not always convenient, since it has significant dimensions that do not allow it to
be placed inside the case of a small device. Ceramic chip antennas are small in size, for
example, the LMX9830DONGLE demonstration kit uses a ceramic antenna for surface
mounting ANCW12G45SAA117TT1 manufactured by Murata, measuring 9 × 3 × 2 mm. It is
allowed to use other antennas of this frequency range with a wave impedance of 50 Ohms
and a bandwidth of 100 MHz. Perhaps the use of antennas made by the printed method (PIFA
antennas) in the form of printed conductors of a certain configuration. Such antennas are
slightly larger, than ceramic, but much cheaper than the latter. Note that the use of printed
antennas requires increased attention when wiring a printed circuit board, as well as the
selection of matching elements.

A quartz resonator of 32,768 Hz, connected to terminals X2, is also optional. Its use is
associated with low consumption modes; the LMX9830 IC has several such modes. The
maximum value of the consumed current, at which information is transmitted at a maximum
speed, is 65 mA. However, it should be borne in mind that data transfer is not constant and
not always at maximum speed. In Sniff Mode, the current consumption is 5.6 mA, and in the
mode when only the receiver scan function is active, the current consumption is reduced to
0.43 mA. In the "sleep" Shutdown mode, the LMX9830 IC consumes a current of only 100
μA.

We proceed to consider the interface between the LMX9830 and the control
microcontroller. In the minimum configuration and transparent mode, the Transparent Mode
uses only two IC outputs — RXD and TXD (Fig. 2) —the standard asynchronous serial UART
interface for data exchange. The data transfer rate from 2.4 to 961 kbit / s is set by external
jumpers (by supplying logic levels to the terminals OP4 and OP5). Note that in the
Transparent Mode, data from the LMX9830 is transmitted directly to the connected device,
and it is impossible to control the operating modes of the chip. For the full implementation of
all the functions of the LMX9830, it is necessary to switch to the “command” mode, for which
you need to use the RTS and CTS pins.

To control and configure the LMX9830, a set of simple commands is used, each of which
contains service information and a data block. Command processing is carried out by the
internal chip interpreter. A complete description of the commands is available in the LMX9830
- Software Users Guide. The structure of the team is presented in table 3.

Table 3. The structure of the control commands IC LMX9830

At the beginning of each packet, a start byte is sent. Its value is always assumed to be
0502 in hexadecimal code. The next byte determines the type of packet (request,
confirmation, indicator or response). The operation code is indicated by the command
specifier, followed by overhead information - the number of data bytes and the checksum.
Next, the data itself and the end-of-packet flag 0503 in hexadecimal code are sent.

To simplify the process of debugging and testing commands, it is convenient to use the
free Windows Blue program, Simply Blue Commander, which is located on the company's
website and serves as an effective tool for demonstrating and modeling the process of
connecting and transmitting LMX9830 IC data. Simply Blue Commander is installed on a
personal computer that acts as a host controller and allows you to interact with the LMX9830
through a serial COM port. The full data exchange protocol can be stored in a log file, and
then used in the program code of the microcontroller of the device under development. The
window of the program Simply Blue Commander is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. Simply Blue Commander window

In the left margin of the window, a complete set of commands is presented in text form.
The right field displays the history of the commands sent and the answers to them. When a
command is selected, its code appears in the lower field of the window, which can be
manually adjusted or re-entered.

To better understand the capabilities of the LM9830, consider the main groups of control
commands:

Device Discovery - a set of commands for scanning Bluetooth devices available on the
air, as well as querying the name of the devices;
SDAP Client - a set of commands that allow using the built-in SDX profile in the
LMX9830 to request supported profiles from another Bluetooth device;
SPP Link Establishment - the most commonly used set of commands that allow you to
connect, disconnect and transfer data to the serial port profile;
Audio Link Establishment - a set of commands that allow the LMX9830 to exchange
data on audio profiles. The LMX9830 IC has outputs for connecting an external PCM
codec, so the transfer of data directly does not require the use of host controller
resources. Data packets for audio profiles are transmitted synchronously and are
never repeated;
Default Connection - a set of commands that allow you to set the network addresses
of devices with which the LMX9830 will try to automatically establish a connection
when the power is turned on;
Low Power Mode - a set of commands that translate the LMX9830 into various low-
power modes;
 SPP Port Configuration - a set of commands that configure the exchange of data on
the SPP profile;
Local Bluetooth Setting - a set of commands that allow you to read and configure the
network address, name and PIN code of the LMX9830, as well as the paired devices;
Local SDB Configuration - a set of commands to indicate the presence of various built-
in or external profiles in the LMX9830.

In addition, several more sets of commands are provided that allow you to configure the
LMX9830 connection speed via the UART interface, test and reset the IC, read data from the
external EEPROM, and initialize the LMX9830 if it is not available.

Of particular note is the audio transmission and reception subsystem built into the
LMX9830, which is implemented when an external PCM codec is connected. Connection is
possible only according to the “point-to-point” scheme, the simultaneous transmission of
audio signals in both directions is provided by a full-duplex channel based on time division -
Time Division Duplexing (TDD). The audio stream is transmitted in synchronous mode with a
maximum speed of 64 kbit / s, and since delivery time is critical for audio information,
erroneous data is never repeated, that is, all LMX9830 audio profiles work without error
correction. Audio stream transmission does not consume host controller resources and is
performed automatically, with the exception of connection control commands.

To connect a PCM codec, the LMX9830 has a special AAI (Advanced Audio Interface),
which is an extension of the SSI (Synchronous Serial Interface). Interface configuration for a
specific type of data format is performed by the LMX9830 settings. It is allowed to use ICs of
13/14/15/16-bit linear and 8-bit logarithmic PCM codecs, for example, MC145483 (Motorola),
MSM7717 (OKI), W681310 and W681360 (Winbond) and others.

Getting started with LMX9830 is best done with the proprietary demo kit
LMX9830DONGLE, which includes a board with an LMX9830 chip and a connector for
connecting to the RS-232 serial port, an audio codec board with analog input and output, a
USBBluetooth adapter, a power supply, and a cable for connecting to a computer and a
documentation and software CD, including Simply Blue Commander.

It should be noted that when using the LMX9830, problems may arise related to the
difficulty of soldering ICs in the BGA package and PCB layout, as well as certification of the
developed device. In this case, you can use the BlueNiceCom IV module, which is released by
Amber. It is an integrated solution that is certified by the Bluetooth SIG Association, and
along with the LMX9830 IC, it contains an installed chip antenna, a quartz resonator, an
external EEPROM memory and the necessary passive elements, and all elements of the
module except the antenna are protected by a metal screen to reduce interference. In 2007,
National Semiconductor plans to release a certified hybrid module LMX9838, similar in
configuration and parameters to BlueNiceCom IV, and although the expected price of the
LMX9838 will obviously be higher than the LMX9830.

More detailed information about the LMX9830 IC, examples of PCB layout, a description of
the demo kit, etc. can be found on the manufacturer's website - www.national.com.

Literature
1. Staroverov K. Bluetooth wireless technology in the focus of National Semiconductor
solutions // Components and Technologies. 2005. No. 7.
2. Kratko A., Aleksandrov R. Overview of Bluetooth components // Components and
Technologies. 2005. No. 9.
3. LMX9830 Bluetooth ™ Serial Port Module. National Semiconductor. March 2006.

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