Traction Force All Case With BCs

Traction Force Calculation
Material Properties of the two materials are listed in the table below:
Rebar (Ω1) Concrete (Ω2)

Young’s modulus (Pa) 1  2
E = 2 10 11
E = 2.48 1010
1  2
Poisson ratio  = 0.3  = 0.21
1
E. 
1
1
First Lamé’s constant for rebar: = = 1.154 1011 Pa
(1 +  ) (1 − 2  )
1 1
 2
E. 
2
 2
First Lamé’s constant for concrete: = = 7.44  109 Pa
(1 +  ) (1 − 2  )
 2  2
1
E
Second Lamé’s constant for rebar:    = = 7.692  1010 Pa
1
(
2 1+  1
)
 2
E
Second Lamé’s constant for concrete:    = = 1.028  1010 Pa
2
2 1+ (  2
)
The material properties on table above are normalize by the value of Young’s modulus of reinforced steel
1
E as follow
1  2 1  2
1   2  1   2 
* = 1
, * = 1
, * = 1
, * = 1
,
E E E E
Rebar ( 1 ) Concrete (  2 )
Young’s modulus 1  2
E* = 1 E * = 0.1244
First Lamé’s constant 1 *  2 *
 = 0.5769  = 0.0372
Second Lamé’s constant 1 *  2 *
 = 0.3846  = 0.0514
1
1
 * ab n j +1  * ( na jb + nb ja ) =2  * ab n j +2  * ( na jb + nb ja )
For ab=xx
1
 * xx n j +1  * ( nx jx + nx jx ) =2  * xx n j +2  * ( nx jx + nx jx )
1
 *n j + 21  *nx jx =2  *n j + 22  *nx jx
At point A: nx = 1, ny = 0
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *nx xx =2  *nx + 22  *nx xx
1
 * + 21  * +1 t x =2  * + 22  * +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =   * −   * + 2
2 2 1
( 
2 *
−   *
1
)
1
t x −  t x = 0.0372 − 0.5769 + 2 ( 0.0514 − 0.3846 ) = −1.2061
2
At point B: nx = 0, ny = 1
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *nx xx =2  *nx + 22  *nx xx
0 +  t x = 0 +  t x
1 2
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
2 2
At point C: nx = , ny =
2 2
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *nx xx =2  *nx + 22  *nx xx
1
 *nx + 21  *nx +1 t x =2  *nx + 22  *nx +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =     * −   * + 2
2

2 1
( 
2 * 1
 )
−   *  nx = −1.2061
2
2
= −0.8528
1
 *n j + 21  *nx jx =2  *n j + 22  *nx jx
At point A: nx = 1, n y = 0,
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *nx yx =2  *ny + 22  *nx yx
0 +  t y = 0 +   t y
1 2
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
2
At point B: nx = 0, n y = 1,
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *nx yx =2  *ny + 22  *nx yx
1
 * +1 t y =2  * +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =   * −   * = 0.0372 − 0.5769 = −0.5397
2 2 1
2 2
2 2
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *nx yx =2  *ny + 22  *nx yx
1
 *ny +1 t y =2  *n y +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =
2
(  
2 * 1
)
−   * ny = ( 0.0372 − 0.5769 ) 
2
2
= −0.3816
Total Traction Force
Note: nx = cos  and ny = sin  denote as normal vector of x-direction and y-direction respectively.
3
Traction force with boundary conditions
xxx on  x
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis
Figure 1: Symmetry about x-axis of xxx on  x
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
Figure 2: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xxx on  x
Due to external loading on the cell boundary and the reverse direction of load after rotation, the displacement
is expected to be anti-symmetry about y-axis x = xxx → xxx = 0 which automatically satisfies the
xx
 +x  −x  x
1
continuity equation xxx +2 xxx = 0 on  0x (where  x is cell boundary moving along x-axis).
4
 yxx on  x
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis (or z-axis)
Figure 3: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of  y on  x

xx
Ω2
Γ
Ω1
Figure 4: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of  y on  x

xx
 yxx is anti-symmetry about x-axis which means  yxx = 0 on  0x automatically satisfies the continuity
1
equation  yxx +2  yxx = 0 .
5
zxx on  x
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis (or z-axis)
Figure 5: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zxx on  x
Ω2
Γ
Ω1
Figure 6: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zxx on  x
zxx is anti-symmetry about x-axis and y-axis or xy-plane which means zxx = 0 on  0x automatically
1
satisfies the continuity equation  yxx +2  yxx = 0 .
6
xxx on  y
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
Figure 7: Symmetry about y-axis of xxx on  y


Ω2
Γ
Ω1
Figure 8: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of x on  y

xx 
xxx is anti-symmetry about y-axis which means xxx = 0 on  0x automatically satisfies the continuity
equation   xxx +  xxx = 0 .
1 2
7
 yxx on  y
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis
Figure 9: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  y

xx 
Ω2
Ω2
Γ
Ω1 Γ
Ω1
Figure 10: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of  y on  y

xx 
 yxx is anti-symmetry about x-axis which means  yxx = 0 on  0y automatically satisfies the continuity
1
equation  yxx +2  yxx = 0 .
8
zxx on  y
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
Figure 11: Symmetry about y-axis of zxx on  y


Ω2
Ω1
Figure 12: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zxx on  y


xxx is anti-symmetry about y-axis which means zxx = 0 on  0x automatically satisfies the continuity
1
equation zxx +2 zxx = 0 .
9
xxx on  z
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
Figure 13: Symmetry about x-axis of xxx on  z
Ω2
Γ
Ω1
Figure 14: x on  z
xx 
1
It has been shown that xxx +2 xxx = 0 on  0z and anti-symmetry about y-axis. Hence, even if the
domain rotates in all three axis the mentioned conditions remain unchanged.
10
 yxx on  z
Ω2 Ω2
Γ Γ
Ω1 Ω1
Figure 15: Symmetry about y-axis of  y on  z

xx
Ω2
Γ
Ω1
Figure 16:  y on  z
xx
1
Same as previous case,  yxx +2  yxx = 0 on  0z and anti-symmetry about x-axis. Hence, even if the
domain rotates in all three axis the mentioned conditions remain unchanged.
11
zxx on  z
From figure 5a and 11a in the previous sections, it has been noted that
1
zxx +2 zxx = 0   z
And is anti-symmetry about x-axis in xz-plane, and

1
zxx +2 zxx = 0   y
And is anti-symmetry about y-axis in yz-plane receptively. Similarly, by following periodicity gives
zxx  +z
= zxx  −z
→ zxx  z
=0
For both regions. Hence the displacement on  z must be zero
1
zxx +2 zxx = 0
And traction force on Γ is independent of z-axis if Ω1 geometry is uniform along z-axis.

In summary, in a cell domain with an extrusion along z-axis which is subjected to imposed external load
from cell boundaries  x and  y on xy-plane is anti-symmetry about both x-axis and y-axis. However, on z-
axis, the boundaries on its cell boundary  z is zero due to anti-symmetry of xz-plane and yz-plane along the
extrusion length. The traction force on the interface of the composition material will distributed independently
from z-axis along the extrusion the domain.
12
1
For ab=yy
1
 * yy n j +1  * ( ny jy + ny jy ) =2  * yy n j +2  * ( ny jy + ny jy )
1
 *n j + 21  *ny jy =2  *n j + 22  *ny jy
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *n y xy =2  *nx + 22  *n y xy
1
 * +1 t x =2  * +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =   * −   * = 0.0372 − 0.5769 = −0.5397
2 2 1
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *n y xy =2  *nx + 22  *n y xy
0 +  t x = 0 +  t x
1 2
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
2 2
2 2
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *n y xy =2  *nx + 22  *n y xy
1
 *nx +1 t x =2  *nx +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =
2
(  
2 * 1
)
−   * nx = ( 0.0372 − 0.5769 ) 
2
2
= −0.3816
1
 *n j + 21  *ny jy =2  *n j + 22  *ny jy
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *ny yy =2  *ny + 22  *ny yy
0 +  t y = 0 +   t y
1 2
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *ny yy =2  *ny + 22  *ny yy
1
 * + 21  * +1 t y =2  * + 22  * +2 t y
13
1
t y −  t y =   * −   * + 2
2 2 1
( 
2 * 1
)
−   * = 0.0372 − 0.5769 + 2 ( 0.0514 − 0.3846 ) = −1.2061
2 2
2 2
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *ny yy =2  *ny + 22  *ny yy
1
 *ny + 21  *ny +1 t y =2  *ny + 22  *ny +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =     * −   * + 2
2

2 1
( 
2 * 1
)
−   *  ny

2
1
t y −  t y = 0.0372 − 0.5769 + 2 ( 0.0514 − 0.3846 )   = −0.8528
2
2
14
Traction force with boundary conditions
xyy on  x
Figure 17: Symmetry about x-axis of xyy on  x
Figure 18: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xyy on  x
15
 yyy on  x

yy

yy
16
zyy on  x
(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis (or z-axis)
Figure 21: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zyy on  x
Figure 22: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zyy on  x
17
xyy on  y
Figure 23: Symmetry about y-axis of zyy on  x
Figure 24: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of xyy on  y


18
 yyy on  y

yy 

yy 
19
zyy on  y
Figure 27: Symmetry about y-axis of zyy on  y


Figure 28: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zyy on  y


20
xyy on  z
Figure 29: Symmetry about x-axis of xyy on  z
Figure 30: xyy on  z
21
 yyy on  z
Figure 31: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  z

yy
Figure 32:  y on  z
yy
22
1
For ab=zz
1
 * zz n j +1  * ( nz jz + nz jz ) =2  * zz n j +2  * ( nz jz + nz jz )
1
 *n j + 21  *nz jz =2  *n j + 22  *nz jz
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *nz xz =2  *nx + 22  *nz xz
1
 * +1 t x =2  * +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =   * −   * = 0.0372 − 0.5769 = −0.5397
2 2 1
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *nz xz =2  *nx + 22  *nz xz
0 +  t x = 0 +  t x
1 2
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
2 2
2 2
1
j=x ⇒  *nx + 21  *nz xz =2  *nx + 22  *nz xz
1
 *nx +1 t x =2  *nx +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =
2
(  
2 *
)
−   * nx
1
2
1
t x −  t x = ( 0.0372 − 0.5769 )  = −0.3816
2
2
1
 *n j + 21  *nz jz =2  *n j + 22  *nz jz
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *nz yz =2  *n y + 22  *nz yz
0 +  t y = 0 +   t y
1 2
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *nz yz =2  *n y + 22  *nz yz
23
1
 * +1 t y =2  * +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =   * −   * = 0.0372 − 0.5769 = −0.5397
2 2 1
2 2
2 2
1
j=y ⇒  *ny + 21  *nz yz =2  *n y + 22  *nz yz
1
 *ny +1 t y =2  *n y +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =
2
(  
2 *
)
−   * ny
1
2
1
t y −  t y = ( 0.0372 − 0.5769 )  = −0.3816
2
2
Summary traction force-Normal Stress Case
ab=xx ab=yy ab=zz

t *
x
-1.2061nx -0.5397 nx -0.5397 nx
t *y -0.5397 ny -1.2061 ny - 0.5397 ny
24
Traction Force with boundary conditions
xzz on  x
Figure 33: Symmetry about x-axis of xzz on  x
Figure 34: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xzz on  x
25
 yzz on  x
Figure 35: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  x

zz

zz
26
zzz on  x
Figure 37: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zzz on  x
Figure 38: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zzz on  x
27
xzz on  y
Figure 39: Symmetry about y-axis of xzz on  y


Figure 40: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of xzz on  y


28
 yzz on  y

zz 

zz 
29
zzz on  y
Figure 43: Symmetry about x-axis of zzz on  y


Figure 44: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zzz on  y


30
xzz on  z
Figure 45: Symmetry about x-axis of xzz on  z
Figure 46: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of x on  z

zz 
31
 yzz on  z

zz
Figure 48: Anti-symmetry about x-axis of  y on  z

zz
32
1
For ab=xy
1
 * xy n j +1  * ( nx jy + ny jx ) =2  * xy n j +2  * ( nx jy + ny jx )
1
 * ( nx jy + ny jx ) =2  * ( nx jy + ny jx )
1
 *nx jy +1  *ny jx =2  *nx jy +2  *ny jx
1
j=x ⇒  *nx xy +1  *ny xx =2  *nx xy +2  *ny xx
1
 *ny =2  *ny
0 +  t x = 0 +  t x
1 1
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
1
1
 *ny =2  *ny
1
 * +1 t x =2  * +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =   * −   * = 0.0514 − 0.3846 = −0.3332
2 2 1
2 2
2 2
1
1
 *ny =2  *ny
1
 *ny +1 t x =2  *ny +2 t x
1
t x −  t x =
2
( 
2 *
)
−   * ny
1
2
1
t x −  t x = ( 0.0514 − 0.3846 )  = −0.2356
2
33
1
 *nx jy +1  *ny jx =2  *nx jy +2  *ny jx
1
j=y ⇒  *nx yy +1  *ny yx =2  *nx yy +2  *ny yx
1
 * +1 t y =2  * +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =   * −   * = 0.0514 − 0.3846 = −0.3332
2 2 1
1
0 +  t y = 0 +   t y
1 2
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
2 2
2 2
1
1
 *nx +1 t y =2  *nx +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =
2
( 
2 *
)
−   * nx
1
2
1
t y −  t y = ( 0.0514 − 0.3846 )  = −0.2356
2
34
Traction Force and Boundary Conditions
xxy on  x
Figure 49: Symmetry about x-axis of xxy on  x
Figure 50: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xxy on  x
35
 yxy on  x

xy

xy
36
zxy on  x
(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis (z-axis)
Figure 53: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zxy on  x
Figure 54: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zxy on  x
37
xxy on  y
Figure 55: Symmetry about y-axis of xxy on  y


Figure 56: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of xxy on  y


38
 yxy on  y

xy 

xy 
39
zxy on  y
Figure 59: Symmetry about y-axis of zxy on  y


Figure 60: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zxy on  y


40
xxy on  z
Figure 61: Symmetry about y-axis of xxy on  z

xy 
41
 yxy on  z
Figure 63: Symmetry about y-axis of  y on  z

xy
Figure 64: Anti-symmetry about x-axis of  y on  z

xy 
42
1
For ab=xz
1
 * xz n j +1  * ( nx jz + nz jx ) =2  * xz n j +2  * ( nx jz + nz jx )
1
 * ( nx jz + nz jx ) =2  * ( nx jz + nz jx )
1
 *nx jz +1  *nz jx =2  *nx jz +2  *nz jx
1
j=x ⇒  *nx xz +1  *nz xx =2  *nx xz +2  *nz xx
1
 * n z = 2   * n z
1
 *nz +1 t x =2  *nz +1 t x
1
t x −  t x =
2
( 
2 *
)
−   * nz
1
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
1
j=x ⇒  *nx xz +1  *nz xx =2  *nx xz +2  *nz xx
1
 * n z = 2   * n z
1
 *nz +1 t x =2  *nz +1 t x
1
t x −  t x =
2
( 
2 *
)
−   * nz = −0.3332nz
1
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
1
1
j=y ⇒  *nx yz +1  *nz yx =2  *nx yz +2  *nz yx
0 +  t y = 0 +   t y
1 2
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
1
j=y ⇒  *nx yz +1  *nz yx =2  *nx yz +2  *nz yx
43
0 +  t y = 0 +   t y
1 2
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
1
1
j=z ⇒  *nx zz +1  *nz zx =2  *nx zz +2  *nz zx
1
 * +1 t z =2  * +2 t z
1
t z −  t z =   * −   *
2 2 1
1
t z −  t z = 0.0514 − 0.3846 = −0.3332
2
1
0 +  t z = 0 +  t z
1 2
1
t z −  t z = 0
2
2 2
2 2
1
1
 *nx +1 t z =2  *nx +2 t z
1
t z −  t z =
2
( 
2 *
)
−   * nx
1
2
1
t z −  t z = ( 0.0514 − 0.3846 )  = −0.2356
2
2
44
Traction Force with Boundary Conditions

xxz on  x
Figure 65: Symmetry about x-axis of xxz on  x
Figure 66: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xxz on  x
45

 yxz on  x

xz
Figure 68: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of  y on  x

xz 
46

zxz on  x
Figure 67: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zxz on  x
Figure 68: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zxz on  x
47

xxz on  y
Figure 69: Symmetry about y-axis of xxz on  y


Figure 70: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of xxz on  y


48

 yxz on  y

xz 

xz 
49

zxz on  y
Figure 72: Symmetry about y-axis of zxz on  y


Figure 73: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zxz on  y


50

xxz on  z
Figure 74: Symmetry about y-axis of xxz on  z

xz 
51

 yxz on  z

xz
Figure 77: Anti-symmetry about x-axis of  y on  z

xz 
52
1
For ab=yz
1
 * yz n j +1  * ( ny jz + nz jy ) =2  * yz n j +2  * ( ny jz + nz jy )
1
 * ( ny jz + nz jy ) =2  * ( ny jz + nz jy )
1
 *ny jz +1  *nz jy =2  *ny jz +2  *nz jy
1
j=x ⇒  *ny xz +1  *nz xy =2  *ny xz +2  *nz xy
0 +  t x = 0 +  t x
1 1
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
1
j=x ⇒  *ny xz +1  *nz xy =2  *ny xz +2  *nz xy
0 +  t x = 0 +  t x
1 1
1
t x −  t x = 0
2
1
1
j=y ⇒  *ny yz +1  *nz yy =2  *ny yz +2  *nz yy
1
 *nz +1 t y =2  *nz +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =
2
( 
2 *
)
−   * nz = −0.3332nz
1
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
1
j=y ⇒  *ny yz +1  *nz yy =2  *ny yz +2  *nz yy
1
 *nz +1 t y =2  *nz +2 t y
1
t y −  t y =
2
( 
2 *
)
−   * nz = −0.3332nz
1
1
t y −  t y = 0
2
53
1
1
j=z ⇒  *ny zz +1  *nz zy =2  *ny zz +2  *nz zy
0 +  t z = 0 +  t z
1 2
1
t z −  t z = 0
2
1
1
 * +1 t z =2  * +2 t z
1
t z −  t z =   * −   * = 0.0514 − 0.3846 = −0.3332
2 2 1
2 2
2 2
1
1
 *ny +1 t z =2  *ny +2 t z
1
t z −  t z =
2
( 
2 *
−   * ny
1
)
2
1
t z −  t z = ( 0.0514 − 0.3846 )  = −0.2356
2
2
Summary traction force-Shear Stress Case
ab=xy ab=xz ab=yz

t *
x
- 0.3332ny 0 0
t *y - 0.3332nx 0 0
t z* 0 - 0.3332nx - 0.3332ny
54
Traction Force with Boundary Conditions

xyz on  x
Figure 78: Symmetry about x-axis of xyz on  x
Figure 79: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xyz on  x
55

 yyz on  x
Figure 78: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  x

yz

yz
56

zyz on  x
Figure 80: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zyz on  x
Figure 81: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zyz on  x
57

xyz on  y
Figure 82: Symmetry about y-axis of xyz on  y


Figure 83: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of x on  y

yz 
58

 yyz on  y

yz 

yz 
59

zyz on  y
Figure 84: Symmetry about y-axis of zyz on  y


Figure 85: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zyz on  y


60

xyz on  z
Figure 86: Symmetry about y-axis of xyz on  z

yz 
61

 yyz on  z

yz
Figure 89: Anti-symmetry about x-axis of  y on  z

yz
62

Traction Force All Case With BCs

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Traction Force All Case With BCs

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Traction Force Calculation

Rebar (Ω1) Concrete (Ω2)

Total Traction Force

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 1: Symmetry about x-axis of xxx on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 2: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xxx on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis (or z-axis)

Figure 3: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of  y on  x

Figure 4: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of  y on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis (or z-axis)

Figure 5: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zxx on  x

Figure 6: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zxx on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 7: Symmetry about y-axis of xxx on  y

Figure 8: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of x on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis

Figure 9: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 10: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of  y on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis

Figure 11: Symmetry about y-axis of zxx on  y

Figure 12: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zxx on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 13: Symmetry about x-axis of xxx on  z

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis

Figure 15: Symmetry about y-axis of  y on  z

And is anti-symmetry about x-axis in xz-plane, and

For both regions. Hence the displacement on  z must be zero

And traction force on Γ is independent of z-axis if Ω1 geometry is uniform along z-axis.

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 17: Symmetry about x-axis of xyy on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 18: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xyy on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis (or z-axis)

Figure 19: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of  y on  x

Figure 20: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of  y on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis (or z-axis)

Figure 21: Symmetry about x-axis (z-axis) of zyy on  x

Figure 22: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of zyy on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 23: Symmetry about y-axis of zyy on  x

Figure 24: Anti-symmetry about x-axis (y-axis, z-axis) of xyy on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis

Figure 25: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 26: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of  y on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 27: Symmetry about y-axis of zyy on  y

Figure 28: Anti-symmetry about y-axis (x-axis, z-axis) of zyy on  y

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 29: Symmetry about x-axis of xyy on  z

Figure 30: xyy on  z

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis

Figure 31: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  z

ab=xx ab=yy ab=zz

t *y -0.5397 ny -1.2061 ny - 0.5397 ny

Total Traction Force

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 33: Symmetry about x-axis of xzz on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about y-axis

Figure 34: Anti-symmetry about y-axis of xzz on  x

(a) Initial (b) Rotated 180o about x-axis

Figure 35: Symmetry about x-axis of  y on  x