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McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions PDF
McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions PDF
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Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 1
Btu 1
(e) 12,000 x = 3.52 kW
Ibm 3.412
Ibf
(f) 14.7 x 6894.76 = 101 kPa
in2
lbf / in2
1-2 (a) 120 kPa x = 17.4 lbf/in2
6.89476kPa
W
(b) 100 x 0.5778 = 57.8 Btu/hr-ft-F
m −K
W
(c) 0.8 2
x 0.1761 = 0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-F
m −K
1 lbm
(d) 10-6 N-s/m2 x = 6.7 x 10-7
1.488 ft − sec
kJ 1 Btu 1 kg Btu
(f) 1000 x x = 430
kg 1.055 kJ 2.2046 lbm lbm
m
1-3 Hp = 50 (ft) x 0.3048 ( ) = 15.2 m
ft
15.2 m 9.807 N
∆P = x ( ) x 1000 (kg/m3) = 149 kPa
1000 Pa/kPa 1 kg
4 m 9.807 N kg
1-4 ∆P = (ft) x 0.3048 ( ) x ( ) x 1000 ( 3 )
12 ft 1 kg m
1-5
+ METER CHARGE
hrs days
(11) (22) = 242 hrs / month
day months
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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3
ratio =
( 624 ) kw = 1.57
⎛ ( 96,000 ) kw − hr ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ( 242 ) hr ⎠
1-7 This is a trial and error solution since eq. 1-1 cannot be solved
explicitly for i.
Answer converges at just over 4.2% using eq. 1-1
1-8 Determine present worth of savings using eq. 1-1
⎡ −(12 )(12 ) ⎤
⎛ 0.012 ⎞
( $1000 ) ⎢1- ⎜ 1+ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦
P=
⎛ 0.012 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠
P = $134,000
π
(b) A= (0.3)2 = 7.07 x 10-2 m2
4
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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4
1-11
q = mc
p ∆T c p = 4.183 kJ/(kg-K)
ρ = 983.2 kg/m3
1-11 (cont’d)
3
q = (1) m ( 983.2 ) kg ( 4.183 ) kJ ( 5 )c = 20,564 kJ
s m3 kg − K s
q = 20,564 kw
11,200(1)(10) =
5000x60x14.7x144x0.24(t 2 − 50)
=
(53.35x510)
q wat = - q air
6279(90-t2) = 29,400
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5
29,400
t2 = 90 - = 85.3 C
6279
1-14 q = hA(ts- t ∞ )
q = hA(ts- t ∞ )
q 1250
h= = ; h = 4.42 W/(m2 – C)
A(t s -t ∞ ) 3.1416(100 − 10)
1-16 q = mc
p (t2-t1) ; m xρ
=Q
ρ = P/RT = 14.7x144/53.35(76+460)
ρ = 0.074 lbm/ft3
c p = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
1cp (t3-t1) +
1-17 m
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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6
2cp2 (t3-t2) = 0
m
c p1 = c p2
1t1 +
(m 2t 2 )
m
t3 =
(m1+ 2)
m
ρ = 1000x
1 = Q 14.7x144
m 2 1 = 73.5 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
1-17 (cont’d)
ρ = 600x
2 =Q 14.7x144
m 2 2 = 46.7 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
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7
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Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Pv P 1430
(b) = RvT or ρv = v ; ρv = = 0.0104 kg/m3
ρv Rv T 462.5(297)
0.196(144)
or = 0.00062 lbv/ft3
85.78(535)
0.6219 (1.43)
(c) W = = 0.00893 kgv/kga
(99.57)
0.6219(0.196)
or = 0.00854 lbv/lba
14.5
Pv 0.6219 (0.507)
W = 0.6219 = = 0.0222 lbv/lba
Pa (14.696 − 0.507)
Ra T 53.35(460 + 80)
v= = = 13.61 ft3/lbm
Pa (14.696 − 0.507)144
3-2 (cont’d)
0.6219(0.089) lbmv
W= = 0.00379
(14.696 − 0.089) lbma
53.35(492)
v= = 12.48 ft3/lbma
(14.696 − 0.089)144
Pv 0.6219(3.6) kgv
W = 0.6219 = = 0.0229
Pa (101.325 − 3.6) kga
Ra T 0.287(300)
v= = =0.88 m3 /kga
Pa (101.325 - 3.6)
0.6219(0.61)
W= =0.00377 kgv/kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
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9
0.287(273)
v= = 0.778 m3 /kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
3-3 (a) English Units – 5000 ft elevation, P = 12.24 psia = 24.92 in.Hg
Pv 0.6219(0.507)
W = 0.6219 = = 0.0269 lbv/lba
Pa (12.24 - 0.507)
RaT 53.35(540)
v= = = 17.05 ft3 / lbma
Pa (12.24 - 0.507) 144
0.6219(0.089)
W= = 0.00456 lbmv/lbma
(12.24 − 0.089)
53.35(492)
v= = 15.00 ft3/lbma
(12.24 − 0.089)144
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10
0.6219x3.60
W= = 0.0277 kgv/kga
(84.436 − 3.60)
3-3 (cont’d)
0.287x300
v= = 1.065 m3 / kga
(84.436 - 3.60)
0.6219 x 0.61
W= = 0.00453 kgv / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
0.287 x 273
v= = 0.935 m3 / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
0.6219 (0.272)
W= = 0.0117 lbmv / lbma
(14.696 - 0.272)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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11
0.6219 (0.272)
W= = 0.0141 lbmv / lbma
(12.24 - 0.272)
3-4 SI Units –
3-4 (cont’d)
0.6219 x 1.755
W= = 0.0110 kgv / kga
(101.325 - 1.755)
0.6219 x 1.755
W= = 0.0132 kgv / kga
(84.186 - 1.755)
Pv
φ= or Pv = φPs ; Pv = 0.5(0.3918) = 0.196 psia
Ps
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12
3-5 (cont’d)
(a) At 55F, 80% RH, va = 13.12 ft3 / lba and ρ a = 0.0752 lbma / ft3
3-6 SI Units –
t dp = (t sat @ Pv ) = 64.5 F
3-7 SI Units –
3-8 t dp ≤ 9C (48F)
Chart 1a & 1b
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14
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
15
5000 0 .8 .026
.0
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
3000 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
-8
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
-0.3 80 TU
0 RE
0.2
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDITY RATIO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
30
F
Problem 3-8
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
70
PE
.014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
.012
N
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
42 %
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
dp % Room LB
60
W=0.0071 .D
13
RY
45
.5
15 50
%
50
A IR
.006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30 %
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UMIDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
48 (9) 72 (22) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-9 (cont’d)
ν = 58.7 lbm/hr
(b) m
2 = 1027 cfm
Q
0.6219 (0.3095)
3-12 (a) W2* = = 0.0134 kgv / kga
(14.696 − 0.3095)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
16
3-12 (cont’d)
0.231
φ1 = = 0.46 or 46%
0.507
0.6219 x (0.3095)
W2* = = 0.01613 lbv/lba
(12.24 - 0.3095)
0.244
φ1 = = 0.48 or 48%
0.507
Dew Mass
Dry Wet Humid. Enthalpy Rel.
point Density
Bulb, F Bulb, F Ratio, lba/lbv Btu/lba Humid., %
F lba/ft3
85 60 40.6 0.0053 26.6 21 0.072
75 59.6 49.2 0.0074 26.1 40 0.073
74.6 65.1 60.1 0.0111 30 60 0.073
88.6 70 60.9 0.01143 33.8 40 0.071
100 85.8 81.7 0.0235 50 56 0.068
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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17
Dew Mass
Dry Wet Humid. Enthalpy Rel.
point Density
Bulb, F Bulb, F Ratio, lba/lbv Btu/lba Humid., %
F lba/ft3
85 60 45.1 0.0076 28.7 25 0.060
75 58.6 49.2 0.0089 27.7 40 0.061
71.2 61.6 56.7 0.0118 30 60 0.061
102.7 70 55.8 0.01143 37.3 22 0.058
100 81.3 76.1 0.0235 50 47 0.057
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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18
3-14
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY R
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
-1 LB
.0
0
TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
HU MIDITY RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
Problem 3-14
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U
Max RH=49.6 %
ME
% .010
80 60
40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T.
W=0.0083
PE
.008
50 55
dp Room
RL
%
60
B. D
13
R
45
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
2.4
(b) q = m
(i1 − i2 ) = (57.1 - 34) = 63.95 kJ / s = 63.95 k W
0.867
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
19
3-15 (cont’d)
5000(60)
(b) q = (32 - 22.6)= 203,317. Btu/hr
13.87
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
E
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Problem 3-15
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
1
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
ADP 70
%
T. P
2 .008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
52 (10) 55 (13) 80 (27) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
lbv
3-16 (a) i1 = 30 Btu / lba; v1 = 13.78 ft3 / lba; W = 0.0103 ; φ1 = 50%
lba
v1 = 0.86 m3 / kga
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
20
3-16 (cont’d)
kgv
W1 = 0.0103
kga
φ1 = 50%
q = 148,239 Btu/hr
q s = 102,235 Btu/hr
SHF = 0.69
3-18 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH for sensible heat
transfer only:
q s = − 178,911 Btu/hr
6000 ft elevation.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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21
3-19 (cont’d)
(21,600 − 17,100)100
PD = = 20.8%
21,600
= 190,224 Btu/hr
(b) at 6000 ft, q
(200,534 − 190,224)100
(c) PD = = 5.1 %
200,543
PB = 29.92 in.Hg. ; q = 0
∆i
= iw = 180.2 + 0.8 (970.2)
∆W
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
22
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDITY RATIO 'W 75 2
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
60 %
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
Problem 3-21
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U ME
% .010
80 60
40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
LB
60
.D
13
RY
45
.5
15 50
%
50
A IR
.006
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - °F
40
45 1 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
91.5 (32) 98 (38) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
PB = 101.325 kPa
∆i
= iw = 419.04 + (0.8 x 2257)
∆W
iW = 2224.6 kJ / kg
From chart 1b; t2 = 32 C
3-22 (cont’d)
∆i
= iw = 1090 Btu / lbm
∆W
x = 0.931 or about 93 %
Copyright 1992 90
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
15
50 00 0 .8 .026
.0
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
0 .5
T OTAL HEAT Qt
-8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
E
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0 a
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1090 80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
Problem 3-22
D
N
b
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
70
PE
.014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
.012
N
E
65
1 4 .0
60 60
90
%
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
13
DR
45 1
.5
50
YA
15
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
80 ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
24
∆i 272.1
= iw = kJ / kg
∆W 1000
t2 = 22.6 C
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
11 0 12
NORMAL TEMPERATURE 0
30
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa R
Copyright 1992
10 0
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
28
SEA LEVEL 30
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5. 0 90
10 .0
0.7 2. 0
- 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -2.0 30
WE
T OTAL HEAT Qt TB
5.0
0.5
-2
-4.0
.0
0.272
0.0
UL
BT
EM 24
0. 4 PE
-1 R AT
.0 UR
80 E-
0. 3
4. 0 1 .0 °C
-0 .5
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDITY RAT IO 'W
10 0
25
18
60
R
0 .9
AI
Y
0
R
C
D
-°
16
F
O
Problem 3-23
R
AM
TU
R
50
20
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
2
R
14
T
E
N
P
O
J
20
R
Y
LP
TU
80 %
0 .8
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
% 80
15 90
% 10
30 80
0 .8
15
6V
%
70
OL
8
U
10
1
ME
%
20 60 70
-C
UB
0. 8
10
IC M
0%
4
5 6
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - °C
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk
4
2
gD
3 0%
60
R
YA
0 .8
20 %
IR
0
2
0 .7
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
22.6 38 ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR
∆i
(a) = iw = 1131 Btu / lbw
∆W
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
25
3-24 (cont’d)
q c = m
a (i2 - i1)
a = 2000 x 60 / 13.14
m
a = 9132 lba / hr
m
w = m
m a (W3 - W2 ) ; W3 = 0.0167; W2 = 0.0032 lbv/lba
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
26
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -200 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1131 80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
3
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
Problem 3-24
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
30 %
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 30%
1 3.
35
0
2
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
VE H UM IDIT
10% REL ATI
5
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
32 2000 Q 2
= = 1=
12 3000 Q3 3
W3 = 0.007 lbv/lba
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
27
I3 = 22.2 Btu/lba
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -200 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4 50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
77 80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
Problem 3-25
TU
D
2
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
52
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
3 60 L B.
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35 35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
1 20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
VE H UM IDIT
10% REL ATI
5
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
40 (4) 58.4 (15) 100 (38) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
i3 = 34 kJ / kga
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
28
3-26 (cont’d)
32 a1
m 9479
= = = 0.695
12 m a1+m a2 9479 + 4155
W3 = 0.0067 lbu/lba
(0.007 − 0.0067)100
For W, % Error = = 4.5
0.0067
(22.2 − 21.5)100
For I, % Error = = 3.3
21.5
250,000
3-27 SHF = = 0.8
200,000
59
or SHF = = .81
73
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
29
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
0 .8 .026
0.8
50 00
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5 4
RA
- 0.
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDITY RATIO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
Problem 3-27
A
U
ER
PO
28.2
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
50 %
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
21.5
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
1
U .F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
2 60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - °F
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
53 (12) 75 (24) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
(a) q = m
a (i1 - i2 ); i1 = 28.2; i2 = 21.5
=m
Q a v 2 = 37,313 x 13.09 / 60 = 8,140 ft 3 / min
= 3.85 m3 / s
(b) similar procedure; Q
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
30
3-29 (a) Use the AirQuantity option of program PSYCH, iterating on the
φ = 0.852 (iterated)
ts = 56F
= 9,360 cfm
Qs
φ = 0.882
ts = 56F
= 10,014 cfm
Q s
φ = 0.92
ts = 56.1 ≈ 56 F
≤ = 11,303 cfm
Q s
500,000
3-31 (a) SHF = = 0.91
550,000
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
31
3-31 (cont’d)
(b) q = m
a (i2 -i1)
a = q/(i
or m 2 -i1)
550,000
a =
m
(34.3 − 22.8)
a =47,826lba hr
m
=m a v 2 47,826
Q 2 = x 14.62=11,654 cfm or 5.5 m3/s
60 60
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
32
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1.0 85
1 5 .0
0.8
0.91 .026
5000
2. 0 -2000
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIBLE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
0.4 0 T
200
-1.
BU
0
0 LB
TE 55
MP
0. 3
E RA
-0 .5 4
50
- 0.
80 TU
-0.3
0 RE
0.2
-0 .2
- °F
-0 .1
.022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDITY RATIO 'W 75
34.3 35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
-°
D
30
E
F
R
O
TU
D
Problem 3-31
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
70
PE
.014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
22.8
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80
20 60
30 % 40
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
YA
15
50 % .006
IR
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - °F
40
45
1 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30 %
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UMIDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
72 (22) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR 115 (46)
=m
3-32 q a (i2 -i1)
q
i2 = +i
a 1
m
1400 x 60
a
m = 5,915.5
14.2
-5 x 12,000
i2 = +38.5
5,915.5
i 2 = 2 8 .3 6 Btu/lba
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
33
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
'h
75
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
Problem 3-32 1
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
28.4
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
2
U ME
% .010
ADP55 80 60
40
20
-C
U .F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
LB
60
.D
13
R
45
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - °F
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
3-33 Use Adiabatic Mixing option of PSYCH with the Properties option to
Tmix,db = 84.2 F
Tmix,wb = 71.3 F
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
3-34 (cont’d)
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 60.5 F wb at a rate of 9,740 cfm
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 62.1 F wb at a rate of 11,697 cfm
t s =120 / 74 F
s= q 200,000
m =
(is -ir ) (37.2 − 22.8)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
35
1
= 13,889 lb/hr = m
=m
Q sv s = m
s (14.78)/60 = 3,421 ft 3 / min
s
r 13,889 − 4758
m
= = 0.66; From Chart 1a t1 = 61/ 47 F
1
m 13,889
t 3 - t1 = (119 − 61)
w= m
(c) m s (Ws -W2 ) = 13,889 (0.0075 - 0.0036) = 54.2 lbm/hr
(d) q f = m
1(i3 -i1) =13,889 (32.8 − 18.6) = 197,224 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
36
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
0.8 300 0
-
0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0
8 .0
2.0 -2 00 0
-1 00 0
45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
-1 LB
.0
0
TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1150 80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
Problem 3-36
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U ME
% .010
80
20 60
30 % 40
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T.
PE
.008 s
47 50 55
RL
%
60
B.
13
DR
45
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
IR
40
45
r 35
4 0%
35
40
1
.004
30%
1 3.
35 1 3
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
0 30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
40 61 72 ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR 120
r 13,605 − 3947
m
= = 0.71; t1 = 62.8 / 47 F
1
m 13,605
w =m
(c) m s (w s -W1) = 13,605 (0.0088 - 0.0046) = 57.14 lbw/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
37
9384
s =
m x 60 = 42,915 lbm/hr; Prob 3-34
13.12
W fan + qduct = ms (is − ic )
11,180
ic = 20.8 − = 20.54 Btu/lbm
42,915
(d) q coil =m
1(i1-ic ) = 42,915 (26.8 - 20.54) = 268,648 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
38
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
-1 LB
.0
0
TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
0
80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
HU MIDITY RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
Problem 3-38
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
50 %
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U
1
ME
% .010
20.54 20
80 60
40
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T.
PE
.008
50 55 r
RL
c %
60
B.
13
DR
45 s 50
.5
15
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - °F
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
q r = m
s (i r − i s ); W s (i s − i c )
3-39 fan = m
q r = 1,320,000 Btu/hr
W fan = 30 x 2545 = 76350 Btu/hr
W fan = 30 x 2545 = 76,350 = ma (is -ic )
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
39
q s = 1,320,000 = m
a(ir -is )
Copyright 1992 50
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
.028
5000 FEET 60
1 8 .0
80
1.0 1 .0
0.8 50 00
-
0 .8
2. 0 -2 000 45
.026
-0 .5
-°
-0 .4
50 40 F
- 0.3
0
0.2
-0 .2
-0 .1
0 .022
0 .1
15
17 .5
00
75
10 00
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
35 70
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W
50
.018
R
F
AI
-°
70
RY
E
UR
D
AT
F
O
30 65
ER
ND
.016
P
U
M
PO
Problem 3-39
TE
17 .0
50 %
R
N
PE
O
TI
TU
RA
65 45
-B
.014
TU
59 (15)
Y
SA
60
LP
25
TH
s
EN
c .012
60
%
55 90
%
16
80 .010
.5 V
20 40
55
50
OL
%
70
U
ME
-C
.008
45 50 %
U .F
60
T. P
15
ER
16 .0
40 45 %
50
LB
.006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - °F
0
.D
35 40 35
R
4 0%
YA
IR
35
.004
30 %
1 5 .5
20%
.002
I TY
TIV E HUMID
10% RELA
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
Solve simultaneous:
W
fa n + q s = m a (ir -i c )
1 ,3 2 0 ,0 0 + 7 6 ,3 5 0
a=
m
(3 3 .7 -2 8 )
a = 2 4 4 ,9 7 4 lb a /h r
m
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
40
is = ir - ( q s m
a)
1,320,000
is = 33.7 - =28.3 Btu/lba
244,974
= 31.2 m 3 s
(b) Q s
imin =i0 =31.1 Btu/lba and sat. air ; t min =64.5 F; PSYCH
imin =i0 = 42.5 Btu/lba and sat. air ; tmin = 76.8 F; PSYCH
Shreveport, Louisiana
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
41
259 FEET 60
1.0 1 .0 85
15 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 000
-
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4.0.0 85
WE
-2. 0 TB .024
200 0. 4 0 UL
-1 BT
.0
0
EM 55
PE
0. 3
80 R AT
-0 .5
UR
-0 .4
50
- 0.3
0 E-
0.2
-0 .2
°F
-0 .1
0 .022
0 .1
40
15
00
80
10 00
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h TLO
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W
75
35 50
.018
75
R
AI
Y
14 .5
F
Problem 3-40
R
70
-°
SL
D
E .016
F
30
R
O
U
D
AT
N
Shreveport, LA
U
R
PO
PE
M
ER
TE
70 45
.014
P
N
TU
65
I
-B
AT
U
LP
AT
25
A
TH
S
N
.012
E
65
60
%
90
1 4.
% .010
0V
55 80 60 40
20
OL
UM
%
70
E-
50 55 .008
CU
.FT
%
60
.P
ER
45 50
15
%
50 LB .
1 3.
.006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - °F
5
DR
40
45 YA
35
4 0%
35
IR
40
.004
35 30%
1 3 .0
20 %
.002
IVE HUMIDITY
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
76.8 95 ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
42
2556 FEET 60
16 .
5
1.0 1 .0 85
50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 000
- 45
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt 80
0 .5 -4.0.0
-2. 0 .024
200 0. 4 0
-1
.0
0
55
0. 3
-0 .5
-0 .4
50 80
- 0.3
0 WE
0.2
-0 .2
40
-0 .1
0
TB .022
0 .1
UL
15
BT
00
EM
P ER
75 A TU
1 6 .0
RE
- °F
10 00
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 35
75 50
.018
70
Problem 3-40
IR
A
F
-°
Y
R
E
D
Tucson, Arizona
R
F
.016
TU
30
O
70
D
ER
N
U
P
O
EM
P
65
R
T
PE
45
O
TU
1 5 .5
.014
TI
TLO
A
-B
R
TU
Y
SA
65
A
25
TH
60
EN
.012
%
90
60
55
%
80 .010
40
20
1 5.
%
50 7 055
0V
OL
.00 8
UM
%
60
45
E-
50
CU
15
%
50
.FT
40 45 TA .00 6
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
.P
1 4.
ER
35
35 4 0%
5
LB
40
DR.
.00 4
35 30 %
YA
IR
1 4 .0
20%
.00 2
ITY
TIV E HU MID
10% RELA
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
3-41 q = m
s (ir − i s )
o r1
m 13
= = = 0.55 or 55%
s r0 23.5
m
≈ 0.046 m3 / s - kW
(b) Q s
0 /m
m s ≈ 55%
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
43
Copyright 1992 50
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
.028
5000 FEET 60
1 8 .0
80
1.0 1 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 000 45
-
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0 80
TOTAL HEAT Qt W
0.7 200
0 .5
0. 4
-2.
0
-8
-4.0.0
0
ET
BU
LB
TE
MP
.024
-1 ER
.0
0
AT 55
75 U
0. 3
RE
-0
- °F
-0 .4
50
.5
40
- 0.3
0
0.2
-0 .2
-0.1
0 .022
0 .1
15
17 .5
00
75
10 00
.020
ENT HALPY 'h
35 70
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W
50
.018
R
F
AI
-° 70
Y
RE
DR
TU
F
RA
O
30 65
D
.016
PE
UN
M
PO
TE
Problem 3-41
17 .0
R
N
PE
IO
AT
TU
65 45
UR
-B
.014
T
PY
SA
60
AL
55 90
%
60 40 % .012
% 1 6 .5
80 .010
20 55 40
VO
50 r
LU
%
70
ME
-C
.008
45 50 %
U.F
60
s
T. P
15
ER
16 .0
40 45 %
50
1
10 %
L B.
.006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
DR
35 40 35
4 0%
YA
IR
35 0 .004
30 %
1 5 .5
20%
.002
IVE HUMIDI TY
10% REL AT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
500,000
3-42 q = m
2 (i2 − i3 ); m
2 =
(41.1 − 21.9)
2 = 26,042 lba/hr
m
0 /m
m 3 = 0.25; t mix = 67.5 / 49.5 F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
44
3-42 (cont’d)
Preheat Coil:
q ph = m
0c p (t 4 -t 0 ) = 6511 x 0.24 (60-6) = 84,383 Btu/hr
Heat Coil:
q h = m
2 (i5 -i1) = 26,042 (28.4 - 20) = 218,753 Btu/hr
Humidifier:
w= m
m 2 (W2 -W5 ) = 26,042 (0.0144 - 0.0035)
= 283.9 lbw/hr
w = 0.036 kg/s
m
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
45
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 000
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1153 80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDITY RATIO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
Problem 3-42
R
O
TU
D
N
2
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
30 %
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
50 % .006
IR
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - °F
40
45 3 35
4 0%
35
40
1 .004
1 3.
30%
35
0
5
20 %
.002
1 2.
H UM IDITY
REL ATI VE
5
10%
4 30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
a = q d /(ir − i s )
or m
= 0.20
Q = 1,242 cfm
Q
m d
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
46
= 2.93 m3 /s; Q
(b) Q = .59 m3 /s; t = 17/14 C
d m m
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0
0.8 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5
0.6 200 0. 4
-1.
-2.
-4 .0.0
0 0
85
WE
T BU
.024
0
0 LB
TE 55
MP
0. 3
E
-0 .5 50
RA
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
Problem 3-43
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U
r
ME
.010
m 80 % 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
s %
70
T. P .008
50 55 ER
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
62 (17) 20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
60 (16) 75 (24) ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
15.0 x 12,000
3-44 a =
(a) m = 29,508 lba/hr
(31.2 - 25.1)
= 1,574 cfm
tm = 62.5 / 58 F
=3.7 m3 / s; Q
(b) Q = 0.74 m3 /s; t = 17 /14.4 C
s m m
r
m 10
3-45 Use Chart 1a; = 0.8 =
1
m 0r
is = ir - q m / m
s
Q 50 x 12,000
s =
m d
=
ir − i s (29.35 - 22.3)
s = 85,106 lba/hr; m
m s is constant for all conditions
si s + m
(b) m b i1' = (m
c +m
b ) i s'
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
48
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0
0.9 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
0
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W 75
35 50
0'
14 .5
.018
75
Problem 3-45
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
50 %
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65 1'
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 % 1
90
VO
LU
s'
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55 r
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
s %
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
55 (13) 64 (18) 77 (25) 85 (29) 95 (35) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
saturation curve.
(b) Cool the air to state 1' and then heat to state 2.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
49
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
90 %
TU
Problem 3-47
D
N
A
U
67
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65 1
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
UME
% .010
20 54 80 60 40
-C
55
U .F
%
70
T.
PE
50 1' 55
.008
RL
%
60
B. D
2
13
RY
45
.5
15 50
%
50
A IR
.006
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
52 (11) 60 (16) 80 (27) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
c sh
m
3-48 (a) = =.837
s ch
m
h cs
m
= = 0.163
s ch
m
c 0.837
m
= = 5.14
h 0.163
m
q = m
s (ir − is )
50 x 12,000
s =
m = 93,750 lba/hr
(28.2-21.8)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
50
= 9.7 m3 /s
(b) Q s
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0
0.65 200
0
0. 4
-1.
0
-2.
0
0
85
WE
T BU
LB
.024
TE 55
MP
0. 3
E
-0
RA
- 0.4
50 80
.5
TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0. 1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
Problem 3-48
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
90 %
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U ME
% .010
80 60 r 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
20 %
ER
50 55
%
LB
60
.D
c
13
s
R
45 h
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
VE H UM IDIT
10% REL ATI
5
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
52 (11) 75 (24) 90 (32) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
c
m 36 h 10.1
m c
m 0.9
(a) = = 0.9; = = 0.10 ; = = 9.0
s 46.3
m s 46.3
m h 0.10
m
50 x 12,000
s =
m = 83,333 lba/hr
(30.1 - 22.9)
=10.3 m3 /s
(b) Q s
c
m
= 0.837; q c = m
c (ir -ic ); m
c = 0.714 x m
s = 0.837 x 93,750
s
m
3-51 SI Units
= 13 Q
Q = 0.69 x 1.18 = 0.815 m3/s
2 3
12
=Q
and Q -Q
= 1.18 − 0.815 = 0.365 m3/s
1 3 2
(b)
Q
q 34 = m
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = 3 (i -i )
4 3
v3
1.18
q 34 = (47.8-41.0) = 9.6 kW
0.835
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
52
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa R
Copyright 1992
10 0
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
28
SEA LEVEL 30
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5.0 90
10 .0
0. 7 2. 0
- 0. 6 4 .0 30
Problem 3-51
0.5
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
Qs
Qt
-4.0
-2.0
WE
TB
UL
BT
-2 0.0 E 24
5.0
.0 MP
0. 4 ER
-1 AT
.0 UR
80 E-
0. 3
4. 0 1 .0 °C
-0 .5
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W
10 0
25
18
60
Problem 3-51 R
0 .9
AI
Y
0
R
C
D
-°
16
50 %
F
O
E
R
AM
TU
R
50
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
R
T
14
E
N
P
O
J
20
R
Y
1
LP
TU
0 .8
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
%
14.7 15 90
10
80
30 %
80 3 4
0 .8
15
6V
%
70
11
OL
2 8
U
10
ME
%
20 60 70
-C
UB
0.8
10
IC M
%
4
50 6
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - °C
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk 4
2
g
3 0% DR
YA 60
0 .8
20 %
IR
0
2
0 .7
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
English Units
3-52 (a),(b)
From Chart 1b, states 1.4 and ADP are known. Based on approx.
Then for full load design condition air is cooled from 1 to 2 and the
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
53
For the high latent load condition, the air at 2 is reheated to state 3
Q
(c) q 24 = m
a (i4 -i2 ) = 2 (i4 -i2 )
v2
1.82
q 12 = m
a (i1-i2 ) = (60.6-32)
0.817
q 12 = 63.7 kW
1.82
q 34 = m
a (i4 -i3 )= (47.7-39.4)
0.817
q 34 = 18.5 kW
q 23 = q 24 - q 34 = 35-18.5=16.5 kW
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
54
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa R
Copyright 1992
10 0
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
28
SEA LEVEL 30
Problem 3-52
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5. 0 90
10 .0
0.7 2.0
- 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -2.0 30
WE
T OTAL HEAT Qt TB
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
-2 0.0 E 24
5.0
.0 MP
0. 4 ER
-1. AT
0 UR
80 E-
0. 3
1 .0 °C
-0 .5
4. 0
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W
10 0
25
18
60
R
0 .9
AI
Problem 3-52
Y
0
R
C
D
-°
21 16
F
O
E
R
AM
TU
R
50
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
R
14
E
N
P
1
O
J
20
R
Y
LP
TU
0 .8
17
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
% 80
15 90
30
14 80
%
15
4 0 .8
10
11
6V
%
70
OL
8
U
10
ME
ADP 2 % 3
20 60 70
-C
UB
0 .8
10
IC M
%
50
4
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - °C
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk
4
2
gD
3 0%
60
R
YA
0 .8
20 %
IR
0
2
0 .7
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
9 11.8
10
19 20
23 27 30 40
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILO GRAM O F DRY AIR
50
(c) Q 2
12 =221,243 Btu/hr
= 4103cfm ; q
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
55
is = ir - q /m
s =28.2 − 10 x 12,000 / 22,727 = 22.9 Btu/lba
m r 0m
m
(b) = = 0.462 r
m 0r
m s
m
m r 0'm'
(c) = =0.578
m'
m 0'r
= 2,156 cfm
(d) q c = m
s (im' -is ) = 22,727 (28.4 - 22.8) = 127,271 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
56
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
0.8 300 0
-
0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0
8 .0
-1 00 0
45
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1150 80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
HU MIDITY RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Problem 3-53
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
90 %
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
0'
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
50 %
.0 V
%
90 m'
OL
UME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
r
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
s %
L B.
60
13
DR
45
.5
15 ADP 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - °F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40 m .004
43 (6)
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
0 70 (21)
IVE H UM IDIT
Y
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
3-53 SI Units
=1.17m3 s
=1.13m3 s ; Q
(b) Qr o
=1.41m3 s ; Q
(c) Q =1.02m3 s
r o'
(d) q c = 37.3 kW
o mr
m
= =0.36
r 0r
m
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa R
Copyright 1992
10 0
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
28
SEA LEVEL 30
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5.0 90
10 .0
0.7 2. 0
- 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -2.0 30
WE
TOTAL HEAT Qt TB
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2 .0 0.0 EM 24
0. 4 PE
0.6 -1.
0
80
R AT
UR
E-
0. 3
4. 0 1 .0 °C
-0 .5
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W
10 0
25
18
60
57
R
0 .9
AI
Y
0
R
Problem 3-54
C
D
-°
16
F
O
E
R
AM
TU
R
50
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
R
14
E
N
P
0
O
J
m2
A
r
Y
0
LP
TU
0 .8
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
90
s% 80
15
% 10
30 80
0 .8
15
6V
%
70
OL
8
U
10
ME
%
20 60 70
-C
UB
0. 8
10
IC M
0%
4
5 6
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - °C
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk
4
2
gD
3 0%
60
RY
0 .8
20 (68)
A IR
20 %
0
2
0 .7
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
18 (64) 25 (77) ENTHALPY - KJ PER KI LO GRAM O F DRY AIR
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
58
−424,000
3-55 SHF = = -4
530,000 − 424,000
mixing processes.
sen = -424,000 = m
(a) q sc p (t r -t s )
−424,000
s =
m = 88,333 lba/hr
0.24 (75 − 95)
m r hm
(b) = r = 0.33 x 88,333 lba/hr
=0.33; m
mm hr
h
m
h = 0.67 x 88,333
=1 − 0.33 = 0.67; m
m
m
= 59,183 x 13.1/60
h = 59,183 lba/hr; Q
m h
(c) q ph =m
hc p (th -t o ) = 59,183 x 0.24 (60-35)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
59
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
-1.
-4 LB
0
0 TE
MP
55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-°
70 .016
D
Problem 3-55
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60
90
% 50 %
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 r 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
20 % .008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
50 % .006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - °F
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40 m .004
1 3.
30%
35
0
s
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
0 h IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
(a)
q 34 = m x 60 (i -i )
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = Q3 4 3
v3
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
60
= 31
(c) Q 2 ; Q3 = 0.754 x 75.7 = 57 cfm or 0.028 m3 /s
12
= 76 - 57 = 19 cfm or 0.012 m3 /s
Q1
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
0.8 300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
Qs
Qt
4 .0
8 .0
-1 00 0
45
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
E
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W 75
35 50
90 %
14 .5
.018
Problem 3-56 75
IR
A
Y
70
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
50 %
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
TU
P
62
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
70
% 4
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
3 %
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15 2
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - °F
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10
50 58.5
15
75 84 20 25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
A reheat system is required. Process 1-2 is for the coil. Process 3-4
is defined by the SHF = 0.5
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
61
condition lines.
(b)
x 60
Q
q 34 = m
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = 3 (i4 -i3 )
v3
= q 34 v 3 = 100,000 x 13.4
Q 3
60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.2-23.9)
(c)
5,194 x 60
q 12 = m
a (i1-i2 ) = (34.2-20.2)
13.4
5,194 x 60
q 23 = (23.9-20.2)
13.4
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
62
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
1.0
SEA LEVEL 1 .0
60
85
15
50 00 0 .8 .026
.0
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- °F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HALPY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
Problem 3-57 75
IR
A
Y
F 70
R
-°
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
50 %
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
62 1
P
TU
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
56
ME
% .010
20 80 60
40
-C
55
4
U.F
%
70
T.
PE
.008
50 55
RL
%
60
B. D
2 3
13
ADP45
R
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - °F
IR
40 35
45
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
66
10 15 20 25
processes on
Supply Air:
sc p (t s -tr )
q sen = 120,000 x 0.5 = 60,000 Btu/hr = m
60,000
s =
m = 53,192 lba/hr
0.24 (75-70.3)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
63
Mixed Air:
Reheat:
q rh = m
c c p (t s -t c ) = 53,192 x 0.24 (70.3-55.2)
Coil:
q c =m
m (im -ic ) = 53,192 (34.4 - 24.2) = 542,558 Btu/hr or 159 kW
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
64
Copyright 1992 50
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
.028
5000 FEET 60
1 8 .0
80
1.0 1 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 000 45
-
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0 80
TOTAL HEAT Qt WE
0 .5 -8
-4.0.0 T BU
-2. 0 LB .024
0. 4 0 TE
0.6 MP
200
-1 ER
.0
75
0
AT 55
75 U RE
0. 3
-0 .5
-°
-0 .4
50 40 F
- 0.3
0
0.2
-0 .2
0.5 0
-0 .1
.022
0 .1
15
17 .5
00
10 00
75 50 %
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
35 70
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W 0
50
.018
R
F
AI
-° 70
RY
E
UR
D
AT
F
O
65
Problem 3-58 30
90 %
ER
ND
.016
P
U
M
PO
TE
17 .0
R
N
PE
O
TI
TU
RA
65 45
-B
.014
TU
m
Y
SA
60
LP
25
TH
EN
.012
60
%
55 90
%
r 16
80 .5 V .010
20 40
55
50 c s
OL
%
70
U
ME
-C
.008
45 50 %
U .F
60
T. P
15
ER
16 .0
40 45 %
50
LB
.006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - °F
.D
35 40 35
R
4 0%
YA
IR
35
.004
30 %
1 5 .5
20%
10% RELA
TIV E HUMID
I TY 70 (21) .002
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
55 (13) 75 (24) 90 (32) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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Exοerpts from this wοrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proΓrt basis for
testing or instructional purposes only tο students enrolled in courses for which the textboοk has been
adopted. Αny other reproduction or trαnsΙαtiοn ofthis work beyond thαt permitted by Sections ]07 or ]08
of the 1976 United Stαtes Copyright Αct withοut the permissiοn of the copyright owner is unΙαwful.
Requests for permission or further informαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment, John
Wiley & Sons, Ιnc, Ι ] ] Riνer Street' Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 4
(c) comfortabΙe
(d) too dry
(c) comfortable
(d) too dry
4-3 (a) Assume sedentary dry bulb of 78 F, clo = o.5, met. = 1 .8,
using equation 4-4a, to,act = 75 - 5.4(1 + 0.5)(1.8 - 1 .2) = 71 F
Relative humidity should be less than 50%
(b) Should wear a S\Ι/eater or light jacket and slacks.
(clo = 0.8)
4-6 From fig 4-3 @200 fpm, temp rise ρ 5.3 F (2.9 C)
with t,,"-t _ 9 F (5 c), temp rise ε 6.5 F (3.6 c)
tmft:82For27'8C
tu x72 F
with met = 2.0. to, active = 78 - 5.4 (1 + 0.5) (2 - 1.2) = 71.5 F, (22C)
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students enrolled in οοurses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted' Αny οther reproduction οr trαnsιαtion of this wοrk beyοnd ιhaι permiιted
by Secιions 107 οr ]08 ofthe Ι976 Uniιed Stqιes CopνriPhι Αcιwithouι ιhe oermission οfthe cοpyrighι οwner is unlωυful.
Αs an approximation
Tmrt = 2To _Τ, and Tflx = Tno * ci1Ι21Tg _ Τ,
) Eq ' (4-1)
ta=85F(30C)
4-11 (a) Even if the suit was heavy weight, many executives would be
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students enrollοd in οourses for which thΘ teΧtbook has been adοpted. Αny other reproducιion or trαnsιαtion οf ιhis νοrk beyond ιhαt permitted
by Secιions ] 07 or 108 o{ the ] 97 6 United Stαtes Copyrighι Αcι ινithout the permissiοn of the coρyright oινner is unΙωνfuΙ.
cool if sedentary.
4-13 Too much air motion in the cold winter months tends to cause drafts and
make people uncomfortabΙe. Air velocity just sufficient to prevent large
temperature gradients from floor to ceiling is best for winter. Τhe opposite
is true for hot summer months. Higher air velocity tends to compensate
for high temperature and humidity.
4-14 (a) Raising the chiΙled water temperature will cause the cooling coil to
operate with a higher surface temperature and the relative humidity in
the space will tend to rise if the latent heat gain is signifΙcant such as
would be the case with many occupants, this could lead to
u ncomfortable cond itions.
(b) Yes, during the unoccupied hours the space load may be almost totalΙy
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students enrolled in οourses for whiοh the textbοok has been adopled' Αny other reproducιion or ιrαnsιαιion of this νοrk beyοnd ιhαι permiιιed
by Sections ] 07 or 108 οf the Ι 97 6 United Stαtes Copyright Αcι τν ithοuι ιhe permissiοn οf the cοpyright oτνner is unlατνful.
SensibΙe heat gain and the load is much less than the design value. ln
this case the chiΙled water temperature may be increased.
4-15 Τhese fans may bring air down in the Summer, increasing the
velocity of air in the occupied zone and providing improved comfort.
ln the winter, air may be drawn upward, pushing the warm air at the
ceiling downward where it can increase the temperature in the
occupied zone without increasing significantly the air motion below
the fan.
4'16 (a) Τable 4-2 gives a minimum required amount of ventilation air
of 15 ft3 /min per occupant. this is the minimum amount of
outdoor air that should be used under any circumstances.
(b) on the basis of floor area, the occupancy wouΙd be 25 and the
minimum ventilation requirement would be
= (2001196 + (O.25l9oο)
ΕXcΘφtS from this work may be reprοduced by instruοtors for distribution on a not_tbr-profit basis for tosting or instruοtional purposes only to
students enΙoιled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny οιher reprοduction or ιrαnsιαιiοn of ιhis νork beyond ιhaι permiιιed
by Secιions ] 07 or 1 08 of ιhe Ι 97 6 Uniιed Stαιes Copyrighι Αcι w ithοul the permission of the cοpyrighι oιυner is unlαινful.
or using Sl Units
N=n(5.Oml/s)
4-19 Use the M-100 media of fig. 4-8. From table 4-3, select a
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StudΘnts enroιιed in οourses for which the teΧtbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reproduction or ιrαnsιαtιon οf ιhis νork beyond ιhαt permiιιed
by Secιions 1 07 οr 1 08 of ιhe Ι 976 Uniιed Stαtes Copyrighι Αcι lυithοuι ιhe permission οf the copyright oνner is unΙανful.
;g μ=(2000 l 514) = 3.89 or 4. This is a satisfactory number.
4-20 Use the M-100 media from TabΙe 4-3 select a O.3 x O.6 x-O.2 unit.
This is rated at 0.3 m'/s with 1oo pa pressure drop.
Αt ΔP 60 pa the alΙowabte flow rate for each unit would be
=
Q = (0.62) (60/1}q1t2 =
0.48 This would require more than two
units of this size. Εconomies would determine the best choice.
m=(2.8)/0.336=8.3
a (2.8)m3 /s
=1.73m1s
VelocitY =
FAcΕ AREA (0.3)(0.6)(e)m2
Velocity
a 0.4
=2.22m1s
=
A (0,3)(o 6)
4-24 No solution exists due to the fixed air quantity for the unit. This
part of the problem is intended to show the student that typical
direct expansion equipment cannot be used in this \May. lt also
shows that the load due to outdoor air is very large.
4-25
exhaust
sHF= 0.7
66.8 F wb
''''J8?rε;
is = 31 .- '' = 23'46 Btu / lbm
:8695'7 lb / hr
tr, = Γil1 = ^
-ΨΨ- 23.46)
(27 .6
(ο) Design filters for 2014 cfm, use M-200 media of fig 4-8.
Try the 24x24x8 units of table 4-3. 920 cfm @0.4 in. wg.
purpοses only to
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruοtional
Excerpts tiom this work ιnay be reproduced by instructors fοr distribution work beyond thαι permiιιed
or trαnslαιionλf thιs
students enrolled in οourses for which tl-ιe textbook ι-,u, υ..n uαopt"J '
Αny oιher reprοduction
Αcι thi permission ofιhe copyright oινner is unlαwfuΙ'
by Sectiοns ] 07 οr 108 o7 ιhe-|97|6 tJnited Stαtes Copyrighι \,'ithout
75
--
A fresh air balance on the filter gives QrEt + Qo = Qs
Q. is supply air.
= 7 .2 modules
RQr={-2OOxO.85[180-(1-0.8)0.0]+(10x150x35'32)]l
RQ.
' =(0.65)(0.7)(220)
-Ψ9-*_!1!5^, = 15.53 cfm/person
4-3o For filter location A, use Εq. 4-1 1, solving for RQ,
4-31 (a) This type of space will require a high ventilation (supply air)
rate to handle the load, air cleanliness is not the main criterion.
Therefore, a low efficiency filter with low pressure drop is
acceptable. From table 4-2, assume occupancy will be about 30
persons / l OOO ft2. So the total design occupancy is 90
persons. Τhe design will be based on this occupancy although
the cooling requirements may dictate a larger supply air rate.
Exceφts from this work may be reproduced by instruοtors 1br distribution οn a not-fοr-prοfit basls for testing οr instructiοnal purposes only to
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ιhαt permitted
by Secιiοns 1 07 or ] 08 of the Ι 97 6 [Jniιed Stαtes Cοpyright Αcι νιthout the permissiοn οf ιhe copyright oνner is unlανful.
77
4-31 (continued)
(b) A higher efficiency would reduce the total amount of air and
Qs = 3,149 cfm
(b) Φ, = Φo = 15 x225
Φ, = 3,375 cfm
-D 50 52
(c) Q. must be 3,375 cfm, find ne\Λ/ Supply air condition
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students enroΙΙed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny οιher reproduction or ιrαnsιation of ιhis work beyond thαι permitted
by Sections 107 οr ]08 ofιhe )976 Uniιed SιαιeS Cοpyright Αct withοut the permissiοn οfιhe cοpyright oνι]ner Β unlα:wful.
Exοeφts from this work may be reproduοed by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instruοtional purposes only to students enrοlled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Αny other reproduction or trαnslαtiοn of this work beyond thαt permitted by Sections Ι07 or ]0B
of the Ι976 United Stαtes Copyright Αct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlαwful.
Requests for permission or further informαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment' John
Wiley & Sοns, Ιnc, ] ] ] Riνer Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 5
tnb
Γ2
ιn2
5-5 R'= + η
2πk| 2πkoL
AssumeL=1ft
kι:0'2 Btu - in' t(ft2 _hr_F); kp =314 Btu-in tσe _hr_F)
81
lnsulation 1 1.0
110 " :
, =ΓΨ "14.14)
-)- ΓΨ " +1=
116 7.41J
0 o77Btu / (r',..-tt' -r)
by instructors fοr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only tο
"'.Φ;.;;;1l;l,,.o,rr.r'r-
Εxοerpts from this work may be reproduοed
has been adopted' Αny οther reprοclucliοn o^:.:::Ei::::":!,::iχ:,i''Ψ'y''o"!:*!
*nιοh texibook
the
-, - - ,
82
2x4 4'27
2x6 6.7
R = 3.55 (hr - ft2 _F) / Btu or 0.62 (.2 _c/W) [Τabte 5-3a]
q./Α
or
" --l'
U^ _ = o.625; q. /Α = 0.625(63 - 43) = 12'5 W/m2
(2x0
Γ, _ '4
|l _[ l' 'l
/ a '.4l
Q/A..
l(
=σ'n'Lι1oO] l _ι1οo] l'
-]'
ι
Iι I_
(o.O7 x117'2) + (O.4 x 17.78) + (0'81 x25'0)
117.2
Remove R for metal bath and plaster of 0.47 (f''ι. tt' - f)/Btu and
\"' - )
Uw= 9!+=oe71wr(m2-c)
0.1761 \ /
UΑ = U*A* + U6 + Αα + UwinΑwin
5-19
Rα = '1
'375 l 1.25 Rα = 1 '375 l 1'25
Ro = 0.25 Ro = 0.17
R, = 2.03 R* = '1.95
Rn ' ., = ++
=U-R', 1.og
1 .O1 = 1'94, Un = O.52 Btu/1ιlr-ft2-F)
5-23 (a) Uw = o.o89 Btu /(hr - tt2 _ 11 or O.51 W/(m2 _ c)τaοle 5-9
l l-
,.Jfl _ ο.o29 Btu
-ν'νLζ) lJιur\ιll/ (hr --ιLft2 _F)
_|
l or O'16 W/
ιJlv'l\J vYl1ιιl (-'_c)
-)
τante 5-1o
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students enrolled in οourses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny οther reproducιion or trαnslαtion οf ιhis νork beyond thαt permitιed
..-_''r-] ^_':'_^'- ! ^'.'.ι ^'.4'ι
86
5-23 (continued)
tg__35'8-22 = 13.8; tι:72re2c)
q* = 0.ο89 (4 x 20 x7) (72 - 1 3'8) = 2,900 Btu / hr or 0.85 kW
qn = 0.029 (20 x20) (72 - 13.8) = 675 Btu /hr or 0.2 kW
Re 2.08 36.6
=
#"+ =
Rfι =
-:
0029
+ (1 tO.4s):\ 36.6
5-26 Rins =
# = 4'1z (rrr _f( _r)l εtu
Excerpts fτom this work may be reproduced by instruοtors for distribution on a not-for-prοfit basis for testing οr instructional purposes only to
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbοokhasbeenadopted. ΑnyοιherreproductionοrιrαnsΙαtionofιhisνοrkbeyondιhαιpermiιιed
'l-''':'''
bνSectiοη.s1[]7ny ιnρn{t]ιo 1076'ΙΙb;l.)ζl-l-"/-^4'-')-ι"} :"'''.Ι^''Ω'Ι l λ / .*'
87
Then from Fig. 5-8, U' = 0.85 Btu/(hr -f( -F) or 1.47 W(m-C)
Q= U'P (ti - to) = 0.85 x 300172 -101 = 15,8'10 Btu/hr or 4.63 kW
R^- 1 +7.22=26.5
- 0.052
U" = o.o38 Btu / (hr -ft2 _F) or o'22ννl(m'z_c)
Rn:++(t69)+ lw
0.16 \ '
(1 t4.6) =6.611m2-c1
EΧcerpts frοm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_pΙofit basis fοr testing or instruοtional purposes only to
students enτolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted . Αny οther reproduction or trαnsltιιion of ιhis νοrk beyοnd ιhαt permiιιed
hιi 9λ"};.-" ιηa ^'' ]Λ9 ^.}L- ιoaA ι L-;.^) c'-''^' '.''-:-ι'ι ^'"-^-:' "'-ι5υ{ιi ' . . .
88
(a) q/P = 0.81 (70 - 5) = 52'7 Btu / (hr - ft) or 50.7 W/m
(b) q/P = 1.37 (70 - 5) = 89'1 Btu / (hr - ft) or 85.6 W/m
R'=
2πkL
of pipe wall.
purposes only to
for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instruοtional
Excerpts from this work may be reproduοed by instructors οr ιrαnslαιioi οf this νork beyond ιhαt permitιed
hu, υ"., uJo|i"a. Αny oιher reprολucιiοn
Students enΙollod in courses fbr ινh'iοh the textbook : ''
^' '1-"4'ι "'
L- Q.nl;n-" ιnη ^.'
'Λο
6- 70-42 - =3,4488tu / hr; q/L = 34.488tu/(hr-ft)
' 8.12 x 1O-'
orq=1.01 kW; 9=33
L
1W/m
R'g =
=4.98x10-3 C/W
2π (1.4) 100
5-35 Moisturewillmovetowardtheinside.Locatethevapor
insulation'
retardent on the outer side of the
retardent is placed on the
The insulation will beοome wet if the
plywood would probably \Λ/arp
inside or left out entirely and the
and rot.
_F1
Uo = O'o71 Btu /( ιrr - ft2
purposes only to
basis for ιesting or instructiona'
reproduced by insιructors for distribution οn a noι-for-proΓlι ιyt.pern:ted
Excerpιs Γrom ιhis \νοrk lnay be
students enrolled in courses foΙ ^γηι:ι lh.
j:*tbook has *9,i'"Ιl'Ji."o"'i,-:';;;;;;;;;;;"Ζii"111i117; γ,:y:γ:'::'|"*o
90
or 2-
tdp=37F<65F-Πocondensationexpected
(c)Since|z=lS.3Fismuchlessthanthedewpoint,condensation
would oοcur'
Place vapor retardent at the location of interface
1'
+(U*Α* +U'P+rhcp)to',ti=72F;
*ιc __UrAtt, to = 1o F
(UtAt + U*Α* + U'P + rhc, )
'1'5l0'8 =1'88
Αssume 1.5 in. of wood floor, Pine; Rwooο =
rr -a'R*
"*_Rw νv =0.68+(6/15)+ O'17 =1'25',U* = O'80
only to
basis foτ 1e^sting or lnstructional purposes
ExcΘrpts from this work may be rοproduced
by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pτofrt ιhis νork beyond ιhαt permitιed
'
of
ι-'", υ"* t.d. ,ι-ny otlr", ,rproEu.ιiοn οr ιrαnslαιioλ
students enτolled in courses fοr whiοh the textbo"t "J"p
91
(c) lf room air leaks into the air space for the case of no roof deck
insulation (b) there could be some condensation since t6p = 50
tl = ti _
_ to) = 22_ = 3.98 C or 39 F
ft,' ffiιr'+17)
tdp = 9.5 C, Assuming room air can diffuse into the air space,
condensation likely will form on the concrete block surface.
Therefore, place vapor retardant on inside surface of gypsum
board. Use foil backed retardent. Retardent must not touch
concrete blocks!
purposΘS onιy to
Exοerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruοtional
;;#;;;Ι;ln o'l
_
rL6=
_(4.4+15.4)70+(2 x 0.8 x o) + (15.a x o)
" (2 x 1.08) + 15.4 + 14.4 + 5.4 -S5.8F
1
Ut = ; Rf = (2 x 0.92) + (1 5/0.8) + 2.1 = 5.82
&
Carpet and Fibrous pad assumed, Ur = 0.172 Btu/ (hr - ft2 - F)
ltΑrti
+( U*Α* + Ubf Αf )tg
tb=
U1Α1 + U*Α* *UυrΑr
l'b-_(0.172x400
r, x72) + (.1G4 x 80 x 7 + 0.029 x 4OO)1a.6
to = 30.3 F or -0.95 C
Exοerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit
basis for testing or instruοtional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fοr whiοh the textbook has bοen adopted. Αny oιher reproλucιion
or ιrαnslαιiοi qf ιhis νork beyond ιhαι nermiιιed
by Seαiοns Ι 07 οr ! 08 n! n." t o7A t Ιr;lDs <}-t-^ .^^',-]-Ll λ οt 1η: ιΙ^^...'Ι- -
basis fοr
Excerpts frοm this work may be reproduοed
by instructοr9 jor distribution on a not-for-prοΓrt
textbook has been
enrοlled in οourses for whiοh the
testing or instructiοnal purposes on1y to studeπs Sections ]07 or
of this work beyond thαt permitted by
adopted. Αny other reproduction or trαns,lαtion is unlαwfuΙ'
Ι0B οf the ]976 Unitei Stαtes Copyright
Αct withλut the permission of the copyright owner
John
should be'αddressed ti the Peimission Depαrtment'
Requests fοr permissioln or furthir"infοrmαtion
iiria sonλ, nr, ] 1 ] Riνer Street, Hoboken' NJ 07030'
CHAPTER 6
6-1
Wind
Direction, deg.
CCW from N
6 140 0.0
(a) Pendleton, OR 11
-2 13 290 0.0
(b) Milwaukee, Wl
4 10 0.0
(c) Anchorage, ΑL -9
12 340 0.003
(d) Norfolk, VA 24
18 I 360 ο.0
(e) Αlbuquerque, NM
20 0.003
(f) Charleston, SC 28 7
6-2
possible condensation on inside
Design relative humidity is determined by
(which is the maximum dew-
of glass. Find glass surface temperature
poi;t temperature of the inside air allowed)'
tr=
Uti + to (Cr - U)
cl
Design or
lndoor Outdoor tr=
City oF oF oF Max.
Tου, Του, top,
RH-%
(a) Caribou, ME 72 -10 35.5 26.2
6-3
Assume that the weather strip does not change the conveοtive heat loss.
From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.3. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the air density of 0 'F,
the pressure difference due to wind is
ΔP* = 0'037in'wg
I
Now Q, = rh cr(t1 - to) = v cp(t; - tr)
Q,r-8,, 64.t-20.5
-At-4, - 64.r
Q,, Qt = 0.68
6-4
Βry]
s) _ 53.6Pα
ΔP., =
_*
z.( ι.okg
t i/-s'
(a) From Table 6-2, K = 1 for tight-fitting.
Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 L/m-s
Q = 0.60 x (0.9 + 2'0) x2 = 3l8_LΔ
Αssuming that the wind speed and wind direction are the Same as the
given conditions for the bank at Rapid City, SD, the heating load (at -20'6
EΧcerpts from this work may be reproduοed by instructors foι distτibution on a not-fbr-prοfit
basis for testing or instructional puφoses only to
in οourses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reprοiucιion or ιrαnslαιion οf ιhis ννοrk beyond ιhαt permitιed
students enτol1ed
]08 ofthe Ι976 rJnited Copyright ΑcιΙνilhouι ιhe permission οfιhe copyrighι owner is unlαwful'
by Sections 107 or States
--σ6-
.C outdoor temp. and 72'C indoor temp.) due to the door infiltration can
be calculating using Eq. (6-2b) as:
(: ε* ο. o ο
(' .#l r r,
* }r)rr,
_
1_zo.o1)" c= 393.tW
a, =
Τ) ι
+ 1
6-5
From Figure 6-2, Cρ = 0.52' Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density,
the pressure difference due to wind is
r2
οs#) (zz-en- ι κl
Λ p _
ι\ΓΙυ-
o'sz (o oτ
(
#)' ( o.rnro :n:γ
r,
b^_f) ι lbflft')
^\
z.| ιz.17':::-_!-
ι lbf _s'z)
|
ΔP' = 0't35in'wg
b-b
3'd Floor: ΔP"/Cο = 0.037; ΔP, = 0.037 x 0.8 = 0.03 in. water
orientation ΔP, ΔP* ΔPτ
Windward 0.03 0.066 ο.ο96
Sides 0.03 -0.066 -0.036
Leeward 0.03 -0.033 -0.003
gth Fιoor: ΔP./Co _ -0.100; ΔP, - -0.100 x 0.8 = -0.08 in. water
orientation ΔP.ΔP, ΔPτ
Windward -0.08 0.066 -0.ο14
Sides -0 08 -0.066 -0.'146
Leeward -0.08 -0.033 -0.1 13
(b) For Bitlings, MT, design conditionS are to = -7oF, tι= 72"F, Φι= 28o/o.
From Table 6-3, K = 0.66 for conventional οurtain wall.
6-7
6-7 (Cont.)
only to
instτuctors foτ dlstribution on a not-for-profit
basis for testing oΙ instructional puφoses
Εxcerpts tiom this wοτk may be reproduced by νork beyond ιhcιt permiιιed
students enιolled in οourses tυ. *ι-'λ}, the
textbook has been uaoρt,i 'ιny ornr, ,rprort|urιιon'o''trαnsΙαtιon-ξthιs
per-ission of ιhe cοpyright oινner is unΙανfuΙ'
by Sectiοns 1 07 or ] 08 o7 ιn' to:ii'inιir-d Sιαιes Cοpyrιgh' 'ι'i"rii'i"''
'i"
9V
70oF
For Charleston, WV: to = 1 1oF' ti =
q, = (897 x οοll \ 'τz)(o'z4)(70-11) = 65'ο25 Btu/hr
q. = (897 x 60/1 1'72)(1060)(O'OO5 - O OOO) = 24'338 Btu/hr
q = q" + 9. = 89,363 Btu/hr
6-8
pressure difference due
(a) Assuming standard sea level air density, the
to the wind sPeed of 20 m/s is
(
o.o,urtψ\'(zo*pt *1.461ιL:\ /
fi,J =o 197in,water
,,_ |υ.Ι9/+ tbfl
UUWindward: ΔP*=O197xO25=ooo:
Windward Leeward
puφoses only to
basis fοr testing οr instructional
by instruοtoτs foτ distribution on a not-for-profit ιhαι permιtted
Excerpts tiom this work may^bο reproduοed
the textbook *' γγ119iJ]1'^"'Ιi";:i:j!i::;:;:;:':""":jfi,':i:,i{:x:λx#,.beyond
students enrolled ιn couΙSes tor whiοh
;}i::j;μιfii,Z'i'"fλ!"in:ii'ini,a s**, copy,ign,'a;,\iιiio"i''Ι, i,.ι'i-n of ιhe coρyrighι owner is unlαwful
& r *--,-,
100
(b)
6-8 (Cont.)
.*
& \λd
tl
Fιoor
Exfiltration _ Wind\Λ/ard Sides, from 14th to 2oth
Leeward Sides, from 2nd to 2Oth Floor
(c) 1rt floor, lnfiltration on all sides - through doors, walls and fixed
windows
Then,totalinfiltration(neglectingtrafficeffect)is
Qtot = 154 + 1O + 356 31 =
+ 551 cfm'
6-9
[Note:Δt=70-(-11)=81oFisinconsistentwithProblem6-8where
to be minor]
Δt = 40"F was used; however, an
error is assumed
6-10
windows, doors,
Transmission heat loss (negtecting infiltration) through
walls, and roofs can be determined by Eq. 5-19 as:
q = UA(tι -to)
Doors: A 2=243ft2',
= (3 x 6.75)1
From Table 5-8, U = O'28 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F);
(assume panel with metal storm door)
q = 0 28 (243)(70 - (-4)) = 5,035 Btu/hr
can be determined
Transmission heat loss through the slat-on-grade floor
bY Eq 5-23 as:
Q = U'P(ti -to)
heat losses;
Finally, total transmission heat loss is the sum of all
6-1 1
(0 5η[ 0.0765ψy\-
fr' )
LP, - ι
z.(nlιlbry__s2
_
ι lbf
ΔP* = 0.058 in. water
pressurization' thus
For a low-rise building, neglect stack effect and
ΔP1 = 0.058 in. water
and doors'
From TabIes 6-'1 and 6-2, Κ = 1 for tight-fitting windows
From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = O.'13 cfm/ft'
L" = [(3 x 3) + (2 x a)]x3 + (3+6.75)x2x3 = 109'5
ft
Qr= (ιι'zx60/12'15)(1ο6OXο.Oο5_0.00ο)=372Btulhr
Qt= Q, + Qr. = 1,617 Btu/hr
6-12
6-13
oF; ti 70"F
Memphis, TN; to = 21 =
R*= 0.92+ 1.55 + 0.99 + 1.77 +0.17 = 5.4 (Tables 5-1 a'5-2a)
U* = 115.4 = O.'185 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F)
Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr - f( - "F) (Table 5-5a)
Αs = 6xax3 = 54 ft2
n* = (40xl O)-54 = 346 ft2
q,= 0.185 x 346 x (70 - 21) = 3,136 Btu/hr
qs = 0.81 x 54 x (70 - 211= 2,143 Btu/hr
Qtotrl = 5zβ auk!
6-14
6-15
6-16
(a) q=9s
vs
(i' - iu)
puφoses only to
for distτibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
Exceφts from this work may be reproduοed by instΙuctοrs οf νork beyond thαι permitιed
udo|ted ' Any other reprοiuctιοn or trαnsΙαtion ιhis
students enτolled in οourses tbl which the textbook t-'as b"en oνner is unlcnνful'
cοpyrighι
by Secιiοns Ι 07 or ] 08 ο7 *e l ol i inιιed Stotn, Copyrιght
Act iιthouι tie permisiion of ιhe
105
.Ο^= qν":-=:-_
(280'00Ο)(14.6)
_
19(S
_21.8)60 =^251
v! cfm
i._iu β2.7
(b) q = rh cp(t, -
9ε
t..) =
vs
cp(ts - tr)
. qν, (250,00Ο)(14.6)
Q' = ;r=δ= (O24X1 15_7O)ω =
5'633 cfm
6-17
SHF = 4st
Q./(9. + α") = 33, ooo
-100'999
(1 - oo, ooo)
===,
= -3.O3
1
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permiιιed
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106
t
ffi
p
n
i
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] 07 or 108 of ιhe Ι976 [Jnited SιαteS Cοpyright Αct νiιhout the permission of the copyright oνner i3 unlωνful.
by Sections
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrοlΙed in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Αny οther reproduction οr trαnslαtion οfthis wοrk beyond thαt permitted by Sections ]07 or Ι0B
of the Ι976 United Stαtes Cοpyright Αct without the permissiοn οf the copyright owner is unlαwful.
Requests for permission or further informαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment, Jοhn
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Chapter 7
7-1
First, find longitude from Table B-1a
Then, convert Daylight Saving Time to Local Standard Time using Eq. 7-5
7-2
Ηour angle (negative for morning and positive for afternoon) can be
determined by
7-4
/= 33.0 deg. N
From Eq. 7-8; sin(B) : οos(/). οos(ft). οos(δ) + sin(/). sin(δ) = 0.593
β = 36'37 deg'
. sinδcos/
οosΦ="
_οosδsin lcosh
=-0'751
From Εq'7-11;
from north)
Φ= 138.67 deg. (ctockwise
7-6
Maximumsolaraltitudeangle,βwilloccuratsolarnoon,h=0
]09-
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |δrrr| so we need largest
positive value of δ.
From Table 7-2, δ'u" = 23'45 deg. and hence β'", = 73.70 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |δrrr| so we need largest
positive value of δ.
From Table 7-2, δ'u"= 23.45 deg. and hence β'u"= 70.68 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
For south latitude, / is negative and |/| is greater than lδ'u"l So \Λ/e need
largest negative rralue of δ.
From TabΙe 7-2, δ'u, = -23'45 deg. and hence β'", = 79.50 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on Dec 21.
7-7
Longitude'. Lt= 100 deg. W
Excerpts from this ινorktnay be reproduced by instruοtors for distτibution on a not-fοr-profit basis for testing or
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l . _-__t!^lj.-^^''-^^^ ''^'^-^).'^1:^'"^-|-^aclntinnnfthj.sνοrkbeνondιhαιDermiιιed
110
Using Eq. 7-6, LSf = 15.50 - (100-90).4 /60+ '13.8/60 = 15.063 Hr or 3:04
pm.
7-8
θ = 39.92 deg.
7-9
ΕXοeφtS from this work may be reproduced by lnstruοtors for distribution οn a not-for-profit basis fοr testing or instructional purposos only to
studerrts enrolΙed in cοurses for whiοh the tcxtbook has been adopted. Αny οιher reρroductioη or ιrι1fisΙαιiοn οf ιhis work beyond ιhαt ρermitιed
Equation of Τime: ΕoT = -6.2 min
7-10
For Philadelphia, PA on July 21,
Longitude'' Lι= 75.25 deg. W
Latitude: / = 39.88 deg. N
Equation of Time: ΕoT = -6.2 min
Declination: δ= 20.6 deg.
Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI = 10:30 am
Εxοerpts from this work may be reproduοed by instruοtors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fοr testing or instruοtional puφoses οnly to
students enrol]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αnyl other renro,l1ιft;Λh ^v lνΛf.l^ιi^,^ ^{lL]d 'ιl^yL λo1'^') tι1nt ^trmιtted
112
Using Εq' 7-11 to find solar azimuth; Φ = 114.30 deg. (clockwise from north)
(a) Using Εq' 7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
(b) For vertical surface facing southeast, Surface Tilt; α = 90 deg., and
Surface azimuth; ψ= 135 deg. (clockwise from north)'
(c) For inclined surface faοing south, Surface Tilt; α = (90-40) = 50 deg.,
and Surface azimuth', ψ= 180 deg. (clockwise from north)'
7-11
7-12
7-13
For Calibou, MΑ on July 21,
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instructional puφoses only to .
students enrolled in courses for which the texδook has been adοpted. Αny other reοrοιlu"',--:':::':::!*::ι::]'-υg:,oηd ιhαl permιιted
113
Using Εq'7-11 to find solar azimuth; Φ__ 230.2 de9. (clockwise from north)
Using Eqs, 7-18 and 7-2O, Gα= 26'13 Btu/hr-ft2 or 82'46 Wm2
7-14
Given lnformation:
Date: June 21
Longitude' Lt= 96'0 deg' W
Latitude: / = 36.0 deg. N
Εquation of Τime: ΕoT = -1 .4 min
Declination: δ= 23.45 deg.
puφoses only to
EΧοerpts fiom this wοrk may be reprοduοed by instruοtors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis Γor testing or instructional -
οf ιhis wοrk beyond ιhαι permiιted
students enrolled in οourses fbτ whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny οther reρrολucιion οr ιrαJ'lsιalion
114
7-15
Given lnformation:
Date: lιΛar 21
Latitude: / = 56.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: ΕoΤ = -7'5 min
Declination: δ= 0.0 deg.
Solar Parameters; Α = aoε.g Btu/hr-ft2 or 1164\Nlm', B = 0'149'
and C = 0.109
Local Solar Time: LSf = 12:00 Pm
Surface Tilt; α = 90 deg'
Surface Azimuth, S; ψ= 180 deg' (clockwise from north)
Clearness number; CN = 0'95
Diffuse Reflectance from Sno\Λ/; ρn = 0'7
puφoses onιy to
distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instruοtional
Excerpts from this work may bο reproduοed by instructors for ιrοnsιαtion of ιhis ιοrk beνοfrr] .hot nermiΙtρi
has been adopted. οthei ,eοroλucιion or
students enrolled in courses for which the textboοk 'qnν
115
Using Εq' 7-11 to find solar azimuth; Φ = 180.0 deg. (clockwise from north)
G^: PrF'r(slnβ+C)G'o
7-16
Given lnformation:
Date: Aug 2'1
Latitude: I = 32.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: ΕoT = -2'4 min
Declination: δ= 12.3 deg.
Solar Parameters; Α = 350.9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1107 \Λllm2, B = 0'182,
and C = 0.134
Local Solar Time: LSf = 10:00 am
Surface Tilt; α = 45 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; ι/ = 225 deg. (clockwise from north)
Diffuse Reflectance from ground; ρn = 0.3
Exοerpts from this wοrk may be reproduοed by instruοtors for distribution on a not-for-pιofit basis for testing or instructional puφoses only to
students enrolled in οourses for which the textbοok has been adopted. Αny οιher renrοdυcιiοn or trαnsΙαtion οf thi't τνοyk hcνοnι] thηl nPrmittρ/]
116
Using Εq.7-11 to find solar azimuth; Φ= 118.7 deg. (clockwise from north)
7-17
The following results are determined from a computer program employing
equations in the book from Eqs. 7-6 to 7-26'
Following tables summarize input and output data calculated for southwest-
facing vertical window at32 deg. N latitude, 90 deg. W longitude, for all
daylιght hours of a clear day on July 21with ground reflectance of 0.2 and
clearness number of 1.
lnput Data
Longitude 90 deg
Standard Meridian 90 deg
EOT -6.2 min
Latitude 32 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Surf Azimuth 225 deg
Surf Tilt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0,186
c 0,138
cN1
RΗoG 0'2
Output Data
cDsr LsI o . o
Gruo* Go* Ga* Gρ* G,* "
h, Φ,. β, Ψ, θ,
7.00 5.90 -91.55 9.50 71.57
153.43 151.90 112.19 O.OO 6.97 3.40 10.37
8.00 6.90 -76.55 21.78 78.63 146.37 140.64 209.84 o.OO 13.03 10.68 23.71
9.00 7.90 -61.55 34.38 85.69 139.31 128.74 249.18 o.OO 15.47 17.51 32.98
10.00 8.90 -46.55 47.09 93.60 131.40 116.76 268.71 o.OO 16.69 23.39 40.07
11.00 9.90 -31.55 59.65 104.24 120.76 104.98 279.23 o.OO 17.34 27.g5 45.2s
12.00 10.90 -16.55 71.33 123.59 101.41 93.63 284.65 o.OO 20.57 30.90 51.46
13.00 1 .90 -1.55 78.52 172.69 52.31 83.01 286.52 34.88 24.03
1
32.03 90.94
14.00 12.90 13.45 73.44 229.79 4.79 73.4s 285.30 81.05 27.54 91.28 139.87
15.00 13.90 28.45 62.18 252.83 27.83 65.62 280.70 115.85 30.36 28.70 174.91
16.00 14.90 43.45 49.71 264.52 39.52 60.08 271.44 135.41 31.69 24.45 1g1.54
17.00 15.90 58.45 37.00 272.79 47.79 57.55 254.30 136.46 30.69 18.81 185.97
18.00 16.90 73.45 24.37 279.93 54.93 58.44 220.69 115.51 26.33 12.15 153.99
19.00 17.90 88.45 12.00 286.94 61.94 62.60 141.60 65.16 1s.97 4.90 86.03
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
7-18
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output
data caΙculated for south-facing Surface tilted at 45 deg. on Apr 21 in
Louisville, KY.
lnput Data
Longitude 85.73 deg
Standard Meridian 90 deg
EoΤ 1.1 min
Latitude 38.18 deg
Declination 1.6
1 deg
Surf Αzimuth 180 deg
Surf TiΙt 45 deg
A 358.2 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0.1 64
c 0.12
CN 1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
o
tSI h, β'. Φ," ψ,"θ," Gruo* ιJD Gα* ^*
ιJR ^*
ιra
1.0 -165.0 -38.3 18.8 161.2 164.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 -150.0 -32.9 35.7 144.3 150.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 -'135.0 -24.8 49.8 130.2 135.4 0.0 0.ο 0.0 0.0 0.0
Exοerpts from this work may be reproduοed by instructors for distributiοn on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instruοtional purposes
only to
students enrolled in courses for whiοh the textbοok has been adοnted. Αnll nthρy
"o^.^)"
118
7-19
Using the developed program,.following tables
summarize input and output
data calcuΙated for an east-facing windδw, 3
ft. wide by 5 ft. high, with no
set baοk on a clea r Jul21 day in-Boise, lD.
Ιnput Data
Longitude 116.22 deg
Standard Meridian 120 deg
ΕoT -6.2 min
Latitude 43.57 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Surf Azimuth 90 deg
Surf Titt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B ο.'186
c 0.1 38
CN 1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
LSr h, o β,. o Guo* Go"
Φ,' ψ," θ, Gα* GR* Gt* e
5.0 -,105.0 3.8 25.3 21.5 19.5
6.0 -90.0
65.0 25.0 3.6 0.4 23.5 352.4
14.0 74.8 15.2 20.6 160.9 .150.6 27.4 6.'1 184.1 2761 .3
7.0 -75.0 24.7 84.4 5.6 25.3 222.0 200.7 36.8 12.3 249.9 3747.9
8.0 -60.0 35.6 94.8 4.8 35.8 251.6 203.9 38.5 18.1 260.6 3908.9
9.0 -45.0 46.2 106.9 16,9 48.6 267.7 177.2 36.1 23.0 236.3 3544.7
10.0 -30.0 56.1 123.0 33.0 62.1 276.8 129.6 31.4 26.8 187.8 2817.2
1 1.0 -15.0 63.8 146.7 56.7 76.0 281.6 68.2 26.2 29.2 123.6 18s3.6
12.0 0.0 67.0 18ο.0 90.0 90.0 283.0 0.0 21.5 30.0 51.4 771.7
13.0 15.0 63.8 213.3 123.3 104.0 281.6 0.0 17 .5 29.2 46.6 699.7
14.0 30.0 56.1 237.0 147.0 117 '9 276.8 ο.0 17 '2 26.8 44.0 659.8
15.0 45.0 46.2 253.1 163.1 131.4 267.7 0.0 16.6 23.0 39.7 594.8
16.0 60.0 35.6 265.2 175.2 144.2 251.6 0.0 .15.6
18.1 33.7 505.9
17 .0 75.0 24.7 275.6 .185.6
154.7 222.0 0.0 13.8 12.3 26.1 391.9
18.0 90.0 14.0 285.2 195.2 159.4 160.9 0.0 10.0 6.1 16.1 241.6
19.0 105.0 3.8 295.0 205.0 154.7 21.5 0.0 1.3 0.4 1.8 26.7
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft2
oE
is the rate at which solar energy strike the window in Btu/hr
7 -20
Given lnformation:
Latitude: l= 32.47 deg. N
Surface azimuth, S; ζz-= 180 deg. (clockwise from north)
Windowwidth;W=4ft.
Windowheight; H=6ft.
Setbackdistance; b=1 ft.
(a) On April2l
Declination: δ= 12.3 deg.
Local Solar Τime: LSr= 9:00 am
Using Εq' 7-1'1 to find solar azimuth; Φ= 106'27 deg. (clockwise from north)
4'
Εxο.erpts from- this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-Γor-profit basis for testing or instructional puφoses only tο
students enrol1ed in courses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reprοducιion or ιrαnslα.tiοi of ιhis wοrk beyδni thαι permiιιed
bySections]07οr]08ofιheΙ976UniιedlδιqaeγC-apyrighιΑcιw,iιhouιιheDern&1!!Mοf1hecιwιlrjsh1 oνue-r j'9g!!-ιg+&!. ."!:'.''' a
'-7
120
Α,h =W * H _ (W
- x) * (H _ y) = 22'52 ft2
7-20 (Cont.)
(b) On July 21
Declination: δ= 20.6 deg.
Local Solar Time. LSl. = 12:00 pm
Using Εq.7-11 to find solar azimuth; Φ= 180.0 deg. (clockwise from north)
(c) On Sep 21
Declination: δ= 0.0 deg.
Local Solar Time: LSl. = 5:00 9m
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by Secιions Ι07 or ]08 ofιhe Ι976 [JnitedιSιαιesCοnνriqhl Α'| \υithn1ιt thο hovh'i'CiΛ' n{tho '^---:nιot '1ιlv'-
;a ''"Ι^''t\'1
121
7 -20 (Cont.)
7-21
Given: Problem 7-20 with a tong 2 ft overhang located 2ft above the top of
the window.
For this problem, bo for overhang is the sum of the overhang depth and the
setback; henοe, bo = /+] = 3 ft.
(a) Τhe vertically shaded dimension on the window due to the overhang
can be calculated bY:
lo=botanβlcosy_!o-.
where 1rr-, is the distance of the overhang above the window. Therefore,
Υo = (3 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos
(73'73) - 2 _ 8'27 ft'
7 -22
setback'
Given. Problem 7-2owith 6 in. setback instead of 1 ft'
is 59'1%'
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded
(c)UsingEqs.T-28to7-3Otocalculateshadeddimensions,
Α,h =W *
H _(W _.χ)* (H _ y) = 21'27 ft2
7 -23
on December 21, Declination: δ= -23'45 deg. Using the same procedure
as described in Problem 7-20, the following table summarizes the
calculated data.
7 -24
This problem is similar to ProblemT-21 but the overhang depth is 3 ft
instead of 2ft. Since the window in ProblemT-21 is completely shaded
in
7 -25
7 -26
7 -27
Eqs'
First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar irradiation. Using
problem),
7-8 to 7-26 (or a computeiprogrφ developed for previous
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 12'44
ft2
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 21c
are
From Τable 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum frame with thermal break utilizing metal spacers is 1.13 Btu/hr-
ft2-'F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance of the aluminum frame (assuming the
window is not a nev/ one) is 0.8.
Αssuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" = Aruπ), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq' 7-31 as:
7 -28
glazing
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the
system lD 21c are
puφoses only to
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has υ.", uJopt"α. Αny oιher reproλuction or ιrαnsιαtιοi of ιhιs wοrk beyond ιhαι permitted
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125
7 -28 (Cont.)
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.42 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be calculated by:
Nt=0.42 14.0=0.105
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calculated
by:
,11
flo'2=
1 1=-1 1 =o'59Btu/hr-ft2-'F
U hi 0.42 ι.46
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
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permitted
126
7-28 (Cont.)
Using Εq. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the gΙazing system is
Using Eq. 7-39 and the SHGGr calculated from the previous problem, the
solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is
Using Εq' 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration
system is
7 -29
From Table 7-4, lAC for a lighted-color Venetian blind installed on a
residential double-pane window is 0.66.
Q suc = φ'226-2'56-220'9)
+ [0.548*12.44*163.4 + 0.52* 12.44*57 .5]*0.66
= 1108.48 Btu/hr.
7 -30
From Table 7-6, for a Ιighted-color Venetian blind, shade transmittance,
reflectance, and absorptance are 0.05, 0.55, and 0.40, respectiveΙy.
7-30 (Cont.)
Qrroo = 0.05*1130.91 = 56.55 Btu/hr.
7-31
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b
are
7 -32
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the glazing
system lD 5b are
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
λ
Q πllc'g = [1 63.4*(0.1924+0'12) + 57.5-(0. 1 9+0. 1 1)1-12.44
-===Ξ
7 -32 (Cont.)
= 849.60 Btu/hr.
ho,z=t\ =T-]
1 = 0.88 Btu/hr-ft2-"F
(]_τ O55 - 1-46
Τhen' the Ιnward flowing fraction for gtazing
layer 2 canbe calcutated by:
/vz=0.55/0.gg=0.625
Qwc = 1448'64
+ 212J6 = 1661'4 Btu/hr'
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Chapter 8
B-1
a) The heat gain is generally gΓeater than the cooling load during the
morning hours M/hen sunlight first strikes a building and the internal
loads first begin. Heat is being stored in the building structure,
furnishings, etc.
b) Late at night when occupants are not present, lights and equipment are
off and solar radiation is zero, the building gives up stored heat to the
air, which the equipment removes as cooling load. The heat gain may
be quite small, zero, or negative.
c) At some time during the day, probably early evening, as heat gain is
decreasing, and equilibrium condition can be established when heat
gain and cooling load are equal. Or, some interior zones, where the
cooling load is driven only by internal heat gains may reach equilibrium if
the heat gain remains constant for a number of hours.
8-2
8-3
Norfolk, VA 91 76 75 50 30 36.90
131
8-4
into the tayer library' The
select materials; some may need to be entered
resulting wall construction ,pp"rrt as shorrun
here' (Note that not
using a density of 120
everything is specified exacity, .o that a student
ιυit1yt"i υiicκ wiιι get a different set of CTF coefficients')
-"..-"...-τns1] 130
0
3
-
5α]
5nΟ "18
3.
B-5
except that the R-
This problem is solved in the Same \Λ/ay aS Problem 8-4,
13 insulation is changed to 5.5" thick R-19 insulation.
or instructional puφoses only to
for dtstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing
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t,u, υ"., uai-pt.α' iny oιh* up-iurrιλn-o, oαnsΙαtionΖf
students enrolled in courses tor whiοh the teΧtbook owner is unlανful'
by Secιions 107 or ] 08 o7 ιne ii;i' initid Sror^
copyrιg|rt 'a|ι rr"ιiiλuι ιn, prr^ι''ιλn of the cοpyrighι
132
8-6
Αgain, this problem follows the procedure of the last two problems. The
thickness of the roll roofing must be estimated, and the conductivity chosen
to match the overall conductance. (k=thickness*conductance)
8-7
ln this case, a reasonable value for the resistance of the air-space must be
selected. For the air^-space, an R-value of 1 is chosen; thus conductivity is
set to '12 Btu-in lhr- ft2- F, and the thickness Ιs set to 12 in Density anα bp
are set to zero and 0.24, respectively.
Νntε: Ιayers listed fιnm tοp tο bοfiom :epr*s*ni {rα:n thg nutsiιJ* tο inside ot lhe sur{εce
8-8
8-9
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136
RΗoG 0.2
Output Data
lnput Data
U-Value 0.1 Btui(h-ft2-F)
Solar absorotivitv 0.8
Ihermal emissivitν 0.9
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137
Τis 72.O F
Peak temperature 96.0 F
Dailv Ranqe 25.4 F
Mean Wind Soeed 10.0 mph
Output Data
1.00 23.79 75.2 64.4 67.5 74.60 1.58 0.46 0.47 73.14 0.1 1
2.00 0.79 73.9 63.1 66.3 73.15 1.58 0.46 0.47 71.93 -0.01
3.00 1.79 72.6 61.8 65.0 71.94 '1.58 0.45 0.46 70.72 -0.13
4.00 2.79 71.6 60.8 64.0 70.72 1.58 0.45 0.46 69.75 -0.23
5.00 3.79 70.9 60.1 63.2 69.75 '1.58 ο.45 0.46 69.02 -0.30
6.00 4.79 70.6 59.8 63.0 69.03 1.58 0.45 0.46 68.78 -0.32
7.00 5.79 71.1 60.3 63.5 69.'18 1.58 0.45 0.46 72.34 0.03
8.00 6.79 72.4 61.6 64.7 74.55 1.58 0.46 0.47 77.55 0.56
9.00 7.79 74.7 63.9 67.0 78.99 1.58 0.47 0.48 82.47 1.05
10.ο0 8.79 78.0 67.2 70.3 83.53 1.58 0.48 0.49 87.66 1.57
11.00 9.79 8'1.8 71 .0 74.1 88.42 1.59 0.49 0.50 92.76 2.08
12.00 10.79 86.1 75.3 78.5 93.24 '1.59 0.5ο ο.51 97.77 2.58
13.00 11.79 90.2 79.4 82.5 98.33 1.59 0.51 0.52 102.84 3.08
14.00 12.79 93.2 82.4 85.6 109.05 1.59 0.53 0.54 122.43 5.04
15.00 13.79 95.2 84.4 87.6 131.23 1.61 0.57 0.58 142.11 7.01
1 6.00 14.79 96.Ο 85.2 88.4 148.77 1.62 0.60 0.61 155.98 8.40
17 0ο 15.79 95.2 84.4 87.6 159.92 1.62 0.62 ο.63 162.15 9.02
18.00 16.79 o?ξ 82.7 85.8 162.49 1.62 0.62 ο.63 158.51 8.65
19.00 17.79 90.7 79.9 83.0 153.00 1.62 0.60 0.6'1 138.39 6.64
20.00 18.79 87.4 76.6 79.7 118.72 1.60 0.54 0.55 86.48 1.45
21.0ο 19.79 84.1 73.3 76.4 84.81 1.58 0.49 0.50 81.63 0.96
22.00 20.79 81.3 70.5 73.6 81.65 1.58 0.48 0.49 78.96 0.70
23.0ο 21.79 78.7 67,9 71 .1 78.97 1.58 0.47 0.48 76.54 0.45
24.00 22.79 76.7 65.9 69.1 76.55 1.58 0.47 0.48 74.60 0.26
8-11
lnput Data
Longitude 116.22 deg
Standard Meridian 105 deg
EOT -6.2 min
Latitude 43.57 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
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138
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
lnput Data
U-Value 0.1 Btu/(h-ft2-F)
Solar absorptivitv 0.9
Γhermal emissivih ο.9
Tis 72.0 F
Peak temoerature 96.0 F
Dailv Ranqe 30.3 F
Vlean Wind Soeec 1 1.0 mph
Output Data
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students enrolled in courses for which the textboοk has been adopted. Αny other reprοducιion or ιrαnslαtiοn of ιhis work beyond thαι permiιιed
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139
1.00 23.15 73.0 62.2 65.3 71.15 1.72 0.45 0.46 71.15 -0.09
2.O0 0.15 71.2 60.4 63.5 69.41 1.72 0.45 0.46 69.41 -0.26
3.00 1.15 69.6 58.8 62.0 67.96 1.72 ο.45 0.46 67.96 -0.40
4.00 2.15 68.'1 57.3 60.5 66.51 1.72 0.44 0.45 66.51 -0.55
5,00 3.15 66.9 56.'1 ξoa 65.35 1.72 0.44 0.45 65.35 -0.67
6.00 4.15 66.0 55.2 58.4 64.48 1.72 0.44 0.45 64.48 -0.75
7.00 5.15 65.7 54.9 58.1 64.1 I 1.72 0.44 0.45 65.5'1 -0.65
8.00 6.15 66.3 55.5 58.7 68.60 1.72 0.44 0.45 70.67 -0.13
9.00 7.15 67.8 57.0 60.2 74.15 1.72 0.45 0.46 75.96 0.40
10.0ο 8.15 70.5 59.7 62.9 81.31 1.73 0.46 0.47 89.08 1.71
1 1.0ο 9.15 74.5 63.7 66.9 99.67 1,74 0.49 0.50 106.51 3.45
12.00 10.15 79.0 68.2 71.4 116.02 1.74 0.52 0.53 121.05 4.90
13.00 11.15 84.2 73.4 76.5 129.01 1.75 0.55 0.56 131.75 5.97
14.ο0 12.15 89.ο 78.2 81.4 137.21 1.75 0.57 0.58 137.47 6.55
15.00 I 3.15 92.7 81.9 85.0 '139.67 1.75 0.58 0.59 137.47 6.55
1 6.00 14.15 95.1 84.3 87.5 136.52 1.75 0.58 0.59 132.07 6.01
17.00 1 5.15 96.0 85.2 88.4 127.91 1,74 0.57 0.58 121.67 4.97
18.00 16.15 95.1 84.3 87.5 114.37 1.73 0.54 0.55 107.09 3.51
19.00 17.15 93.0 82.2 85.3 100.24 1.73 0.52 0.53 98.57 2.66
20.ο0 18.15 89.6 78.8 82.0 93.64 1.72 0.51 0.52 91.61 1.96
21.00 '19.15 85.7 74.9 78.1 85.63 1.72 0.49 0.50 83.43 114
22.00 20.15 81.8 71 .0 74.1 79.56 1.72 0.48 0.49 79.56 0.76
23.00 21 15 78.4 67.6 70.8 76.37 1.72 0.47 0.48 76.37 0.44
24.00 22.15 75.4 64.6 67.8 73.47 1.72 0.46 0.47 73.47 0.15
B-12
This problem is solved in the same manner as Example 8-2. The results
(conduction heat fluxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in
tabular form as:
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140
8-13
This problem is soΙved in the Same V/ay aS the previous problem. Note that
the additional insulation substantially reduces the conduction heat flux, as
expected. The resuΙts (conduοtion heat fΙuxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2))
may be summarized in tabular form as:
8-14
The solution to this problem is similar to that of Problem 8-9, except that to
estimate the maximum possible surface temperature, the surface may be
assumed to be adiabatic, and U is then zero. Also, the surface-to-ground
radiation coefficient is zero, and no correction is necessary for the sky
temperature, as the surface is assumed to be horizontal. Assume the wind
is windward, h"= 1.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Then, the final converged answer for the
surface temperature is:
B-'15
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are "Seated, very light work"
have 245 Btulhr (72 W) sensible heat gain, and '155 Btu/hr (45 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70% radiative/ 30%
convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is72 Wperson x 30 people = 2160 W.
The sensibΙe heat gain from lighting is '1 .5 ννft2 x 4OOO sq. ft. = 6000 W;
20o/o is assumed to enter the plenum space directly, leaving 4800 W which
is assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective.
The sensible heat gain from equipment is 1 ννfi( x 4OOO sq. ft. = 4O0O W,
which is assumed to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this
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142
8-16
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are involved in "Sedentary
\ι/ork" is275 Btu/hr (81 W) sensible heat gain, and 275 Btulhr (81 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70o/o radiative/ 30%
convective.
Τhe sensible heat gain from lighting is '15 \,ΙΥlm2 x 75O m' = 11250 W; 50%
is assumed to enter the plenum Space directly, Ιeaving 5625 W that is
assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective.
The sensible heat gain from office equipment is 7000 W, which is assumed
to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this assumption is based on
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143
8-17
Problem 8-18
At 4.00 p.m., 70 people are present. Assuming "seated, light offiοe \Mork",
the sensible heat gain per person is245 Btu/hr (72νν) and the latent heat
gain per person is 200 Btu/hr (59 W).
Αt 6:00 p.m., no one is present; sensible and latent heat gains are O Btu/hr.
8-19
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by Sectiοns 1 07 or ]08 of the 1 976 United Sιαtes Copyright Αcι ννithout ιhe permission of ιhe cοpyrighι οινner is unlανfuΙ.
144
Τhen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each Surface (Q,.uα), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"rα). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaοes = -69,769.5 Btu/hr. Divide by the total
Surface area, 2623.4 ft2, to get the baΙancing factor, -26'6 Btu/(hr-ft'1, which
must be subtracted from the previously caΙculated heat flux from each
surface to determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface
(q,rοlbal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from
each Surface (Q,"α/bal)' Cheοk to see that they noνv Sum to zero.
Qraο qr"6/bal
Q,uo Q,u6lbal
Suι"face Fit Trus (R) hri (Btu/ (BtΨ
(Btu/hQ (Btu/hr)
(hr-ft2)) (hr-ft'))
I North roof 0.872 576.0 11.4 129.7 82950.9 156.3 99964.1
2 South roof 0.872 583.1 11.9 463.7 296624.7 490.3 313637.9
3 West wall ο.897 567.6 11.2 -132.6 -11140.0 -'106.0 -8906.1
4 East wall 0.897 562.7 1 1.0 -242.5 -20368.1 -215.9 -18134.2
5 Αttic floor 0.832 571.4 10.6 -355.3 -417837.0 -328.7 -386561.8
8-20
Area
Surface (m2) A-ε T(C) Α-ε-Τ A, t1 Ti(e)
1 North roof 120.7 ο.9 108.7 43 4672.9 ' 372:7, 0.:,9, 38.3
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by Sectiοns l 07 οr Ι 08 of the Ι 976 Uniιed Sιαtes Copyrighι Αcι withοuι ιhe permission of ιhe copyrighι olυner is unlaνvfuΙ.
145
Τhen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each Surface (9,"rα), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"α). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaces = -3027.9 W. Divide by the total surface
area, 493.5 m2, to get the balancing factor, -6.1 Wmz, which must be
subtracted from the previously calculated heat flux from each surface to
determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface (q,u6lbal).
Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each
surface (Q,"α/bal). Check to see that they no\M Sum to zero.
qru6/baΙ Q,,ο/bal
Surface Fir Tuus (K) hrt
Qraα
(Wm'\ ^ Q,"o (il4 (Wm') (w)
1 North roof 0.872 313.8 6.'1 28.6 3459.0 34.8 4199.9
2 South roof 0.872 316.2 b_J 87.2 10534.5 93.4 11275.4
J West wall 0.897 310.9 6.1 -22.0 -395.4 -15.8 -285.0
4 East wall 0.897 31 1.9 6.2 -9.4 -168.4 -3.2 -58.0
5 Attic floor 0.835 31 1.8 57 -76.2 -16457.6 -70.1 -15132.3
8-21
Τhe total radiative heat transfer from a|l surfaces = -3476.1 Btu/hr. The
balancing factor is -1. 3 Btu/(hr-ft2).
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146
(hr-ft')) (hr-ft'))
1 North roof 0.098 569.5 1.2 30.3 19378.4 31.6 20226.0
2 South rooi 0.098 579.5 1.3 60.8 38903.3 62.1 39751.0
3 West wall 0.874 560'ο 10.5 35.5 2984.3 36.9 3095.6
4 Εast wall 0.874 555.3 10.3 -74.1 -6220.9 -72.7 -6109.6
5 Attic floor 0.222 563.8 2.7 -49.8 -58521.2 -48.4 -56963.0
Note that the radiative heat fluxes from surfaces 1 and 2, and to surface 5
are significantly lower. (The heat flux incident on surface 5 has been
reduced by s5%.) Τhe catch is that "in real life", everything else does not
remain the same. ln particular, the temperatures would change
significantly.
8-22
Area
Surface (m2) A-ε r(c) A-ε-T ,Λ ε',Ι Tτ(c)
The total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -341.5 W. The
balancing factor is -0.7 Wm2.
qru6/bal Q.,a/bal
Surface Fy Trrs (K) hrl
9raα
Q,"ο (h4 (Wm') (w)
/Wm') ^
8-23
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147
8-24
Surface Direction of hc
Surface Area (m2) r(c) Position Heat Flow (wm2-K)
Qt'"onu""1on
rιΛ//m')
Sloping -
Νorth roof 120.7 43 Downward 2.39 33.46
45 deqrees
1
Sloping -
2 South roof 120.7 50 Downward 2.39 50.1 9
45 deqrees
J West wall 18.0 36 Vertical Horizontal 3.18 22.26
4 Εast wall 18.0 38 Vertical Horizontal 3.18 28.62
5 Attic floor 216.0 32 Horizontal Downward 1.02 3.06
B-25
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r_
148
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17. The following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
lnput Data
Longitude 101.7 deg
Standard Meridian 90 deg
Eoτ -6.2 min
Latitude 35.23 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Surf Αzimuth 270 deg
Surf Tilt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0.186
c 0.138
cN1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
15.00 13.12 16.75 69.25 229.59 40.41 74.35 283.92 76.59 27.06 30.47 134.12
The layer absorptances of the double-pane \Mindo\Λ/ v/ith '1l8 in. sheet glass
(lD5a) can be found from Τable 7-3 as:
8-26
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149
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17 ' Τhe following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
lnput Data
Longitude 108.53 deg
Standard Meridian 105 deg
EOT -6.2 min
Latitude 45.8 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Surf Αzimuth 270 deg
Surf Τilt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0.186
c 0.138
cN1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
MDST LSr h, " β,' Φ,' Ψ, o θ, o Grvo* Gρ" Gd* Gπ* Gt*
15.00 13.66 24.92 57.57 227.35 42.65 66.77 277.89 109.60 29.57 27.29 166.46
The layer absorptances of the double-pane \Λ/indo\M \Λ/ith 1/8 in. sheet glass
(lD5a) can be found from Table 7-3 as:
8-27
8-28
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150
The RTS method is used to obtain the cooling load results for this problem.
The following table shows total cooling loads and cooling loads due to
window heaigains for both low-e and regular double-pane windo\Λ/S' Αιl
cooling loads due to other heat gains are the same as those shown in
Example 8-16.
Low-E Windows Regular Windows
(from ExamPle 8-16)
Window Window Windοw Window Total
Hour Total
Conduοtion SΗG Conduction SΗG (BtuAr)
(Btu/hr) (Btu,4lr)
(Btu,hr) (Btu,&r) (Btu,&ιr)
As shown in the above table, usιng the regular \Μindo\Μ Would resuιt in
slighily higher cooling loads than using the low-e window. The following
'hcrease in cooling loads due to changing the type of
figure illustrates the
w]ndow from the low-e window to the reguιar window.
puφoses onιy to
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students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbook has been λ"p"ο
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by Sections]07 or 108 ofιhe Ι976 Uniιed Sιαtes Copyright thδ
151
18000
'15000
αl 12000
dΦ
o 9000
cr)
:Ξ 6000
o
o
ζ)
3000
0
't0 '13 '16
Tirne, Hour
8-29
8-30
First, the solar irradiation must be determined and is the same as that
shown for Problem 8-10. Τhen, the hourly dry bulb temperature is
calculated using Εquation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar
time has been used to determine the temperature. Finally, the sol-air
temperature is calculated using Εquation 8-63 with the thermaΙ radiation
correction term being zero for a vertical surface.
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152
8-31
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-30. Note
that the solar irradiation is the same as that shown for Problem 8-1 1.
Local Outdoor
Clock Solar Ιnsolation Drybulb Sol-air
Time Time (Btu/h-ft2) Temp (F) Temp (F)
1.00 23.15 0.00 73.0 73.0
2.00 0.1 5 0.00 71.2 71.2
3.00 1.15 0.00 69.6 69.6
4.00 2.15 0.00 68.1 68.1
5.00 3.15 0.00 66.9 66.9
6.00 4.15 0.00 66.0 66.0
7.00 5.15 3.96 65.7 66.3
8.00 6.15 17.83 66.3 69.0
9.00 7.15 29.69 67.8 72.3
10.00 8.1 5 62.38 70.5 79.9
11.00 9.15 107.15 74.5 90.6
12.00 10.15 142.58 79.0 100.4
13.00 11.15 164.39 84.2 108.8
14.00 12.15 170.24 89.0 114.6
15.00 1 3.15 159.50 92.7 1 16.6
'!6.00 14.15 133.31 95.1 115.1
17.00 15.'1 5 94.57 96.0 110.2
18.00 16.15 48.18 95.1 102.3
19.0ο 17.15 26.46 93.0 96.9
20.00 '18.15 14.28 89.6 91.8
21.00 19.15 0.32 85.7 85.7
22.00 20.15 0.00 81.8 81.8
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153
8-32
This problem uses the simiΙar Solution procedure as Problem 8-3O. First,
the solar irradiation is determined for the flat roof using the procedure
described in Chapter 7. The resuΙts are shown below.
Ιnput Data
Longitude 106.62 deg
Standard Meridian 105 deg
EOT -6.2 min
Latitude 35.05 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Surf Azimuth 0 deg
Surf Τilt 0 deg
Apar 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
Bpar 0.1 86
Cpar 0.1 38
CN 1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
24.00 22.79 161.83 -31.74 339.93 339.93 121.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
*Unit of lrradiation is Βtu/hr-ft2
Then, the sol-air temperature is determined using Equation 8-63 with the
thermal radiation correοtion term being 7 "F for a horizontal surface.
8-33
For hour 15, Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
.00645 x (120.3-74)...
= 2.897 Btu/(hr-ft2)
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155
8-34
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour.
q" q"
Hour (Btu/(hr- Hour (Btu/(hr-
ft2)) ft2))
1 1.835 13 0.828
2 1.824 14 0.798
J 1.772 15 0.791
4 1.693 16 0.810
5 1.595 17 0.861
6 1.486 '18 0.948
7 1.372 19 1 .071
8 1.259 20 1.225
ο 1.149 21 1.396
10 1.047 22 1.563
11 0.956 23 1.704
12 0.882 24 1.797
8-35
For hour 12, Εqυation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
= 7 .028 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-36
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat fΙux for each hour.
q" q"
(Btu/(hr- (Btu/(hr-
Ηour ft2)) Hour ft2))
1 0.674 13 1.050
2 0.401 14 1.544
3 0.1 99 15 2.012
4 0.051 16 2.409
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156
5 -0.058 17 2.694
6 -0.138 18 2.841
7 -0.197 19 2.834
8 -0.232 20 2.671
9 -0.209 21 2.361
10 -0.075 22 1.936
11 0.194 23 1.466
12 0.583 24 1.031
8-37
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour with
soΙ-air temperatures calculated in Problem 8-31.
q" q"
(Btu/(hr- (Btu/(hr-
Hour ft2)) Hour ft2))
1 3.492 13 -0.055
2 3.147 14 0.1 65
3 2.758 15 0.563
4 2.348 16 1.112
5 1.937 17 1.754
6 1.536 18 2.417
7 1.154 19 3.026
I 0.796 20 3.510
9 0.472 21 3.823
10 0.1 99 22 3.958
11 0.00ο 23 3.931
12 -0.098 24 3.765
8-38
Using the simplified approach, the solution procedure is the same as that of
ProbΙem 7-27. First, we need to know angΙe of incidence and Solar
irradiation. Αssuming a west-facing window, the incidence angle and solar
Ιrradiation for Albuquerque, NM on a c|ear July 21 day at 3:OO pm solar
time are (see solution in Problem 8-10 for reference)
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by Secιions ]07 or 108 of ιhe Ι976 United Sιαιes Cowrighι Αcι withοuι thb permissιλn of the copyrighι
oνner ii unlανful.
157
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 27 .2 ft2
and 4.8 ftz, respectively.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b
are
SHGG9ο(65") = 0.515 and SHGGsα = 0.60.
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.48 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
From Τable 7-1, solar absorptance of the vinyl frame painted white is 0.26.
Αssuming the window with no setback (Ar,r'" = Asuπ), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as:
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7 -32 as
B-39
This problem uses the same solution procedure as the previous problem.
Assuming a south-facing window, the incidence angle and solar irradiation
for Boise, ]D on a clear Jυly 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are (see solution
in Problem 8-1 '1 for reference)
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t '158
The area of the glazing and of the frame is the same as that calculated in
Problem 8-38.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 29a
are
SHGG,ο(68.8") = 0'408 and SHGGsα= 0.57.
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, triple glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.44 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
The outside surface conductance and solar absorptance of the frame are
assumed to be the same as those in Problem 8-38.
Assuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" = Asuπ), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-3'1 as:
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7-32 as.
8-40
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'159
Conduction Radiative
Convective Radiative Cooling
Hour Heat Gain Cooling
HG HG Load
(Btu/h0 Load
1 5462.3 2021.0 3441.2 2903.7 4924.7
2 4899.6 1812.8 3ο86.7 2813.1 4625.9
3 4334.5 1603.8 2730.7 2702.9 4306.7
4 3796.4 1404.7 2391.7 2583.0 3987.7
5 3300.5 1221 2 2079.3 2460.2 3681.4
b 2854.1 1056.0 1798.1 2339.0 3395.0
7 2460.6 910.4 1550.2 2222.4 3132.9
8 2123.8 785.8 1338.0 2113.0 2898.9
9 1854.2 686.1 1168.2 2014.0 2700.1
10 1673.6 619.2 1054.4 '1930.6 2549.9
11 1598.0 591.3 1006.7 1868.0 2459.2
12 1629.0 602.7 1026.3 1829.3 2432.1
13 1759.4 651.0 1 108.4 '1815.8 2466.8
14 1983.0 733.7 1249.3 1827.8 2561.5
15 2318.0 857.6 1460.3 1868.9 2726.6
16 2803.7 1037.4 1766.3 1947.4 2984.8
17 3450.5 1276.7 2173.8 2068.9 3345.5
18 4215.9 1559.9 2656.0 2230.3 3790.2
19 5016.0 1855.9 3160.1 2419.2 4275.2
20 5741.3 2124.3 3617.0 2614.7 4739.0
21 6266.5 23'18.6 3947.9 2789.4 5108.0
22 6473.8 2395.3 4078.5 2913.3 5308.6
ZC 6345.1 2347.7 3997.4 2969.4 5317.1
24 5971.2 2209.4 376'1.9 2961.2 5170.6
7ο00.0
60ο0.0
5000.0
Ιt
Φ
4000.0
Θ
G
Ι6) 3000.0
oδ
ω 2000.0
o
J
1 000.0
0.0
Exοeφts fiom this work may be reprοduοed by instructors for distributron on a not-fοr-profit basis fοr testing or instruοtional puφoses only to
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16ο
8-41
Conduction Radiative
Convective Radiative Cooling
Hour Ηeat Gain Cooling
HG HG Load
(Btuihr) Load
1 2227.2 356.4 1870.8 4864.4 5220.7
2 1338.2 214.1 1124.1 4530.5 4744.6
J 627.7 100.4 527.3 4222.8 4323.2
4 57.3 9.2 48.2 3938.6 3947.7
5 -397.4 -63.6 -333.8 3676.2 3612.7
6 -746.0 119.4 -626.7 3436.0 3316.7
7 -935.8 -149.7 -786.0 3228.9 3079.2
o -610.8 -97.7 -513.1 3120.5 3022.8
9 507.2 81.2 426.1 3179.7 3260.8
10 2313.5 370.2 1943.3 3417.1 3787.2
11 4567.1 730.7 3836.3 3808.3 4539.0
12 7028.4 1124.5 5903.8 4316.0 5440.6
13 9455.0 1512.8 7942.2 4893.4 6406.2
14 116ο9.7 1857.6 9752.2 5486.8 7344.4
15 13293.3 2126.9 I 1 166.3 6042.8 8169.7
16 1 4350.1 2296.0 12054.1 651 1.5 8807.6
17 14672.7 2347.6 12325.1 6849.5 9197.1
'18 14222.5 2275.6 I1946.9 7024.8 9300.4
19 13ο18.3 2082.9 1Ο935.4 7018.0 9101.0
20 11142.9 1782.9 9360.0 6824.5 8607.3
21 8809.6 1 409.5 7400.1 6467.5 7877.0
22 6593.1 1ο54.9 s538.2 6042.8 7097.7
z3 4782.8 765.3 4017.6 5622.2 6387.5
24 3353.'1 536.5 2816.6 5228.0 5764.5
1 6000.0
1 4000.0
L
1 2000.0
fl '10000.0
αl
--r-- Conduction Heat Gain
(! 8000.0 (Btu/h0
(,
(!
6000.0 -*x* Cooling Load
Φ
!
οδ
Φ
o
J
911131517192123
8-42
Conduction Radiative
Heat Gain Convective Radiative Cooling Cooling
Hour (Btιl/hr) HG ΗG Load Load
1 809.2 129.5 679.7 1203.0 1332.4
2 481.0 77.0 404.1 1105.3 1182.3
3 238.5 38.2 200.4 1018.3 1056.5
4 61.2 9.8 51.4 941.3 951.1
5 -69.3 11 .1 -58.2 872.8 861.7
6 -166.0 -26.6 -139.5 811.4 784.9
7 -237.0 -37.9 -199.0 756.2 718.3
o -278.7 -44.6 -234.1 707.9 663.3
I -250.9 -40.2 -210.8 674.0 633.8
10 -90.4 -14.5 -75.9 667.9 653.4
11 233.3 37.3 196,0 699.7 737.1
12 700.2 112.0 588.2 771.3 883.3
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students enrolled in οourses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reproducιion or trαnslαιion of this work beyοnd ιhαt permiιted
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162
4000.0
3500.0
3000.0
2500.0
αt
_--ο_ Conduοtion Heat Gain
Φ 2000.0 (Btu/hr)
Θ
(τ
*_α_* Cooling Load
1500.0
ΙΦ
cδ '1000.0
ιl1
o
J 500.0
0.0
-500.0
8-43
First, the hourly Soιar heat gains are determined using the same solution
procedure Shoν1/n in Problem 8-38. The results are Sho\Λ/n below. Note
that the SolaΓ irradiation on the window is the Same aS that shown in
Problem 8-10. Also, note that the calculated Soιar gain at 3:00 p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-38 due to rounding errors.
lnput Data
Glass Area 27.2 ft',
Frame Αrea 4.8 ft2
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students enrolled in courses for whiοh thο textboοk has been adopted. Αny οιher reproducιiοn or ιrαfiSlαιiοn of this work beyond thαι permiιιed
by Secιions ]07 οr ]08 ofthe Ι97 i United Stαtes Copyrιghι Αct wiιhout the permission οfιhe copyright oνner is unΙαwfuΙ.
163
Output Data
Clock lnc. Dir lrradiation, Diff lrradiation, Solar Heat Gain,
Time Αngle, ' Btu/hr-ft2 Btu/hr-ft2 Btu/hr
1.00 87.03 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.00 101 .06 0.0ο 0.00 0.00
3.00 114.99 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.00 128.63 0.0ο 0.00 0'00
5.00 141.58 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.00 152.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.00 159.17 0.00 9.93 163.51
8.00 156.37 0.00 23.08 380.04
9.00 146.65 0.00 32.24 530.96
10.00 134.23 0.00 39.29 647.01
11.00 120.81 0.00 44.53 733.28
12.00 106.97 0.00 47 .91 788.98
13.00 92.97 0.00 52.42 863.28
14,00 78.94 54.68 56.44 1314.44
15.00 65.01 1 18.63 59.38 2657 .05
16.00 51.37 170.01 60.32 3940.06
17.00 38.42 201.20 57.93 4657.12
18.0ο 27.20 202.07 50.35 4594.55
19.00 20.83 151.27 33.70 3393.40
20.00 23.63 5.07 1.03 111.74
21.00 33.35 0.0ο 0.00 0.00
22.00 45.77 0.00 0.00 0.00
23.00 59.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
24.00 73.03 0.00 0.00 0.00
ln the original RΤS methodology, two types of radiant time faοtors v/ere
utilized to convert So|ar heat gains into cooling Ιoads. The Solar.-RTS was
used to convert the beam transmitted solar gain whiΙe the NonsoΙar-RΤS
V/aS used to convert all other Solar gains' However, to simpΙify the
calculations, only one RTS (Nonsolar-RTs) is used in this edition. Since
the calculated Solar heat gains include both transmitleΞ aιd absorbed Solar
gains, the recommended radiative and convectivΞsplits shown in Table 8-
20 would not be applicable. For this problem, it is assumed that the
radiative fraction of the combined solar heat gain is about 0.9. Therefore,
Exοeφts from this wοrk may be reproduced by instructors fοr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for tΘSting or instructional purposes only tο
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164
Solar Radiative
Heat Gain Convective Radiative Cooling Cooling
Hour (Btu/hr) HG HG Load Load
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 141 0 141.0
2 0.0 0.0 ο.0 91.6 91.6
3 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.8 59.8
4 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.2 39.2
5 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.9 25.9
6 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.2 17,2
7 163.5 16.4 147.2 87.6 103.9
I 380.0 38.0 342.0 215.2 253.2
9 531.0 53.1 477.9 339.6 392.7
10 647.0 64.7 582.3 450.5 515.2
11 733.3 73.3 660.0 543.8 617.1
12 789.0 78.9 710.1 615.8 694.7
13 863.3 86.3 777.0 687.3 773.6
14 1314.4 131.4 1 183.0 932.5 1064.0
15 2657.1 265.7 2391.3 1661.8 1927.5
16 3940.1 394.0 3546.1 2566.6 2960.6
17 4657.1 465.7 4191.4 3304.7 3770.4
18 4594.6 459.5 4135.1 3630.8 4090.3
19 3393.4 339.3 3054.1 3261.0 3600.4
20 111.7 11.2 100.6 1624.6 1635.8
21 0.0 0.0 0.0 912.1 912.1
22 0.0 0.ο 0.0 549.4 549.4
23 0.0 0.0 0.0 343.2 343.2
24 0.0 0.0 ο.0 218.7 218.7
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students enrolled in courses }or whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reproducιiοn or ιrαnsιαιion of ιhis νοrk beyond thαι
permiιιed
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--
165
5000.0
4500.0
4000.0
I
3500.0
Φ
3000.0
(! _ο- Soiar Heat Gain (Btu/hr)
Θ 2500.0
G
*x- Cooling Load
Φ
J. 2000.0
Φ
1500.0
(!
o
J 1 000.0
500.0
0.0
B-44
This problem uses the same solution procedures as Problem 8-43. Note
that the solar irradiation on the window is the same as that shown in
Problem 8-11. Also, note that the calculated Soιar gain at 3:00 p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-39 due to rounding errors.
ThΞ radiative/convective split of 90%l10% is also used for this problem.
lnPut Data
Area
Glass 27.2 ft'
Frame Area 4.8 ft2
Diffuse SHGC 0.57
Angular SΗGc - 0" 0.68
Angular SHGC - 40' 0.65
Αngular SHGO - 50' 0.62
Angular SHGC - 60' 0.54
Angular SHGC - 70' 0.39
Angular SHGC - 80" 0.18
Frame SHGC 0.029
OutPut Data
Clock lnc. Dir lrrad, Btu/hr- Diff lrrad, Btu/hr- Solar Heat Gain,
Time Angle,' ft2 f1' Btu/hr
1.00 152.14 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.00 154.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.00 '150.59 0.00 0.00 0.00
Solar Radiative
Heat Gain Convective Radiative Cooling Cooling
Ηour (Btιl/hr\ HG ΗG Load Load
1 0.0 ο.ο 0.0 356.3 356.3
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 341.8 341.8
3 0.0 0.0 0.0 328.6 328.6
4 0.0 0.0 0.0 316.4 316.4
5 0.0 0.0 0.0 305.0 305.0
o 0.0 0.0 0.0 294.1 294.1
7 61.9 6.2 55.7 297.0 303.1
I 278.9 27.9 251.0 338.9 366.8
I 464.4 46.4 418.0 391.2 437.6
10 680.7 68.1 612.7 457.1 525.2
11 1139.7 114.0 1025.8 583.2 697.2
12 1721.4 172.1 1549.2 763.0 935.1
13 2140.2 214.0 1926.2 935.3 1149.3
14 2255.4 225.5 2029.8 1046.5 1272.0
15 2046.8 204.7 1842 1 1067.8 1272 4
to 1551.0 1 55.1 1395.9 991 0 1146.1
17 978.1 97.8 880.3 853.6 951.4
18 592.5 59.2 533.2 723.9 783.1
19 413.9 41.4 372.6 633.6 675.0
20 223.4 22.3 201.1 551.8 574.1
21 5.0 0.5 4.5 465.4 465.9
22 0.0 0.0 0.0 421.3 421.3
23 0.0 ----ΑΔ 0.0 393.5 393.5
..--o.0
24 0.0 0.0 373.0 373.0
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167
2500.0
L
2000.0
Φ
I 500.0
ιE
Θ
--l_Solar Ηeat Gain (Btu/hr)
(E ,--x- Cooling Load
Ι
Φ
1 000.0
Φ
Φ
o
J 500.0
0.0
8-45
EXceφtS from this wοrk may be reprοduced by instructors fοr distribution on a not-fοr-profit basis for testing or instructional puφοses only to
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bySectiοns Ι07 or Ι08of ιhe ]976UniιedStαtesCοpyrightΑctwithοutthepermissiοnοf thecοpyrighιownerisunlcrννful.
'168
2500.0
2000.0
Ξ
'6
o 1500.0
(!
+- lnternal l-1eat Gain (W)
Ι
(Σ)
*x- Cooling Load (\Λ/)
oδ
(υ
o
J
8-46
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by Sectiοns Ι 07 or ] 08 of the 1 976 Uniιed Stαtes Copyrιghι Αcι'ννiιhouι ιhe permissionbf the cοpyrighι οwner is unΙαlνful.
'169
2500.0
2ο00.0
1500.0
---ο- lnternal Fleat Gain (W1
*-s* οooling Load (W)
1000.0
&-x** *
.::l L-.*
500.0
; :.
0.0
ΕΧcerpts tiom this ινork may be reproduοed by instructοrs for distributiοn on a not_for-profit basis fοr testing or instruοtional puφoses only to
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170
8-47
Ξ 2000.0
Ξo(!
o
σ, 1500.0
:= --r-- lnternal Heat Gain β)
o
o MW1 Zone Clg. Ld αv)
o Ι
_--α.*
τ, -_.*- ΗW Zone Clg. Ld. (W)
(τ, 1000.0
aι'
'6
Θ
\Η
ι*.
(τ,
α)
50ο.ο \
ι ξ--'.
_
5**+-
-t-
l)*
ι ':'*
Ι^__x
11 '13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
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students enrolled in courses fοr whiοh thΘ textbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reproclucιiοn or ιrαnsιαιionbf ιhιs work beyoλd ihαι permiιιed
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171
8-48
Latent
Total Total from
Name: ξ99p]9_ Liοhtino Eοuipment Τotal Radiative Convective People
Radiative
Fraction: 0.7 0.59 0.2
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Τable 8-
21, as shown in the next table.
ΕΧceφts liom this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br dlsιribιltlon οn a noιtbr-pτofit basis for testing or instructiona] purposes onΙy to
sιuderrts en:-olledit-ι οοιlrses fοr ιhich the teΧιbook has bοen adοptοd. lπ;l οιΙιer reprοdιιction or trαnslcιιioιι cf ιhis ιι'ork beyond ιhαι
ρerfrιiιted
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172
120ο0.0
10000.0
Ξ
8000.0
'6
Θ
Φ
Φ 6000.0
Ξ
oδ
4000.0
π,
o
J
2000.0
0.0
8-49
Latent
Τotal Total from
Name: People Liohtinο Eουioment Total Radiative Convective Peοοte
Radiative
Fraction: 0.7 ο.59 0.2
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using Εquation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Τable 8-
21 , as shown in the next table.
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by Secιions ]07 or ]08 ofthe Ι976 LΙniιed Stαtes Cοpyright Αctlυithοut the permissiοn οfιhe cοpyright oνner is unlανful.
174
18000.0
16000.0
14000.0
Ξ
'12000.0
'6
Θ 10000.0 ---G- lnternal Fteat Gain (W;
(!
q) *x* Cooling Load (νγ)
Ξ 8000.0
oE
6ο00.0
IE
o
J 4000.0
2000.0
0.0
8-50
Heat gain to the space = 0.8 x 6000 W = 4800 W, assumed 59% radiative,
41o/o convective, from Τable 8-20' The sensible loads are then determined
from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the
radiant time factors from Table 8-21, as shown below. Τhere are no latent
cooling loads.
A plot showing the lighting heat gain and resuιting cooling loads follows.
6000.0
5000.0
Ξ
,6 4000.0
Θ --{- |nternal Fleat Gain (\Λl)
(υ
3000.0
Ι
Φ ___x* Cooling Load (\Λ/)
oδ
ιl,
o
J
57 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
ι-
8-5'1
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table
8-
21 , as shown below.
Latent
lnternal Radiative Cooling heat
People Heat Gain Convective Radiative Cooling Load gain
Hour οresent (w) HG HG Load (w) (\Λ/)
6000.0
5000.0
Ξ
4000.0
'Ξ
Θ --*- lnternal Heat Gain (W1
π, 3000.0 *-s*
Φ Cooling Load (W)
Ξ
οδ
2ο00.0
π,
o
J
1000.0
puφoses only to
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students enrolled in course s for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reproducιiοn or ιrαnsιαιion of ιhιs νork beyond
ιhαt permitιed
by Secιiοns ] 07 or ] 08 οf the Ι 97 6 (Jnitecl Sιαιes Copyrιghι Αcι Ι|iιhοuι the permissiοn οf ιhe copyright οwner is unlανfuΙ.
178
CHAPTER 9
f-
(24hrldαy)(6283'F_dαy)(Ζ-^?5,000Βtulhr)(0'60) = 102,867 kw-hr
(1 J) ql o _Γz' r)βaL2Βtu
l kW _ hr)
0'287
$Elec = 102,867(0.1 O) = $1
$Gas = 438.7(4.5) = $1,974
SΕΙec_$Gαs |0287_ι974
= 4.2
$Gαs ι914
(1 02,s 67 k-t4l
_ hDβ a lΨ !u_
l kY-' hr)
lmΦ
Source energy using eιec' =
@at)(000stdff
= 1063'6 mcf
Source energy using gas = 438'7 mcf
>_Ξ-
9-3
DU'
The following are information for Washington'
degree day is 4224'
From Table g-l,1he number of average
From Fig. 9-1 , CD= O'62'
is 20 "F'
From Table B-1a, the outdoor temperature
Forenergyefficientfurnace,assume85o/oeffiοiencyfactor,
Using Εq' 9-2,
l
-, F
,-,= 04hr l d αν)(4224"
_ dαy)(|20'000Βt u hr)(0'62\
'o'=177,468stdft3
" 20"trX1O00Βtu l stdft3)
Or F = 177 .5 mcf of natural gas
-10.85X7O_
9-4 Load Profiles
80000
+5
Qro" = ato
1
160000
-
120,OO0=a(20)+b ξ tηoooo
g=2(gQ)+b
αt_ l z000ο
€6 lοοοoο
j
12ο,ooQ =(20 _60)a E'
soooo
6oooo
a = -3OOO, b = 180,000
Ξ3 4oooo
Q uo" = 180,000 -
3'000 to 2OoOo
0
30 4o
9-5
9-6
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
1481012162024
Hour
il 0 0 0 28 0.0 1.0
Πt 2 5 1ο 28 0.36 0.64
IV 4 5 20 28 0.71 0.29
V 4 5 20 28 0.71 0.29
VI 4 5 20 28 0.71 0.29
9-6 (Cont.)
9-7
The procedure is the same as Problem 9-6. Use appropriate bin data from
Αpp. B in last step as per Table 9-3.
9-8
Refer to Εxample 9-2, insert shift hours of Problem 9-6 in column 2 and 3
of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
9-9
Reconstruct Τable-9-3 for the appropriate city to obtain Shift A and Shift B
hours. lnsert the hours in columns 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
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188
9-10
Reconstruct Table 9-3 using the shift hour fractions from Problem 9-6 and
bin hours and temperatures for the appropriate city. lnsert the shift hours
in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and bin temperatures in column 1 and
recalculate.
9-1 1
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by Secιions ] 07 or 108 ofιhe Ι976 [Jniιed Sιαιes Copyrighι Αcι ινithout the permission ofthe copyrighι oνner is unlανful.
Exοeφts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributiοn on a not-for-prοfit basis fοr
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adοpted. Αny other reproduction or trαnslαtion of this wοrk beyond thαt permitted by Sections 107 or
Ι 0B of the 1976 ΓJnited Stαtes Copyright Αct without the permission οf the copyright ov)ner is unlαwful.
Requests for permission or further informαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment,
John Wiley & Sons, Ιnc, ] ] ] Riνer Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
CHAPTER 1O
28.7 psig
(b) Neglecting the pump, the pressure or head required for this pipe is:
Δ Η 20.1 ft.
87I 20 Note:
I
1
Γ This is the
lo
t-
characteristic
lο
lσ
for only part
lο) of the total
|Ξ system.
Ξ
0L_
oa 150
100
10-4.
(Ι +ΙΙ )+ 12 + 1b
Ξ(σ
ο
Ξ5o
75
10-5. (a)Ηl=alΦι+Zι ιL
H2
Hz=ΔzQz+Ζz U z2
I
(σ
ο.) Hq
-c.
z
Series Connection
a a
Ql=Qz;SumΗ H=Ηlr
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191
H=Hl *Hz
Η=Qz(aι+Az)+Gι+zz)
Parallel Connection
Hl = Ηz, Ζι=ZzorZ=0
Sum Q
Ql= ^E,Φz=
Yar ^E
Yaz
Q =Q l +Q r= JH_Ζ(Jil q * ^[-νη) .
a +Ζ
6ra*M)'
4.026
10-6. t t=f!Y1
' D2g ; V = 6. 3ft/sec, L = 3OO ft, D = 12
/3OO)
(,= 0.022 \' (6.30)2
= 12.1 ft of 30o/o E.G.sol.
(4.026 t 12) 2(32.17)
= 12.6 ft of water : 38 kPa
-'.--Ξ-
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permitted by Secιions ] 07 or 1 08 of the ] 976 United Sιαtes Cοpyright Αct νithouι ιhe permission of ιhe copyright οwner is unlανful.
192
10-7. (a) so
Ξ(σ
J-
925
(c) 28ft
(d) Qn 60 gpm
=
Qs = 32 gpm ο_ 125 gpm
Qc = 41 gpm }
ai +
(a) Hn= uoQi, θn= 9= =O.9O8O
50'
Hs = auQ3, Θs = 9=
a6 30'
= o'o278
=
Hc = a.Q3, θc = +=+
aa 45' =o.O'148
H- a2 02
= 0.001 55Q2
(^n/o!o8 + JΤt ozτa + J.roιua)2 645.06
Qn= =55qpm
e = 125 gpm
_Pr)l'''' D2
1o-9. Q = CαA r|2g"(P,
'--L 'D1 =84.8 v'vv
= O.55
ρ -] 154.1
-4 ζ (O.os4s)2 = O.00565
Ar= m2
Pι_Pz
= O.O98(13.55)9.s = 13.O13 J/kg
ρ
Q = 0.63S(0.0056 5)t2(13,013)11/2 = 0.0184 m3/s x 292 gpm
999(3'26)(0:085)
V z= 3.26 m/s; Re - = 1.98 x'105
1.4x10-3
C6 ^:
0.638 From Fig. 10-9.
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ι
194
10-11 (a)
40
#
35
Ξ(σ
T2s
Φ
(d) Τhis is actually out of the operating range of the pump and the
efficiency is very low. ln situations like this there is a danger of
overloading the pump motor; however, that does not appear to be
a problem in this case since the motor is probably a 2HP model.
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195
10-15 From Problem 10-14b, the original system defined by 225 gpm and 149
ft of head and would operate at 242 gpm, 173 ft of head and require
14.4 HP with the 7in impellor. Τhen,
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students enrolled in οοurses for which the textbook has been adopled' Αny οιher reproducιion or ιrαnsιαιion οf ιhis wοrk beyοnd thαι
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_.ι _Ι
196
" Π3
H^ = (go37 )' = l3O ft
ι3500/
w^ 4.4(s037)' e.4 HP
" 1
ι3500,
=
η 1. .[Ψ)u = 14'4(o'g17) = 13 2 ΗP
Exοerpts 1iom this work may be reprοduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-fοr-profit basis for testing or instructional puφosos only to
students enrolΙed in courses tbr which the textbook has been adopted' Αny οιher reproduction or trαnsιαιion of this νork beyond ιhαι
permiιιed by Secιions ] 07 or Ι 08 of ιhe ] 97 6 Unιted Sιαιes Copyrighι Αcι ν ithοuι the permission of ιhe cοpγ,ι'ighι ονner is unlαwful.
197
1ο-18. (a) K = 30 ft, ft = 0.019; K = 0.57 (Table 10-2; Figure 10-22a)
V = 3.82 fVsec; ! r = 0'57(3'822lβ2.2x2)= O.13 ft
ΔPg = 35 kPa
- Γ o-99-1'
| ' ι7
For strainer. ΔP" " 1 0.00722 J
= '27 kPa
Then for the pump:
Ηp = 145.419'807 = 14.8 m
10-21. Size the pipe using Fig. 10-20 or program PIPE. Fitting equivalent
lengths found using Fig. 10-22a; 10-22b and Τable 10-2' Program
PιPE could be used to solve the complete problem including fitting
losses. Data for hard calculations are summarized below:
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L
198
/o\
lO(3) 1ot3] Θ \:-/
Θ
ro(3) I o(3)
] 5ι5)
qpm
Sec. it Le ιt Con. Coil
Τotal
ft.
No. stze tn. ft./'100 ft ft. ft. Valve ft. ft.
120
1 3.38 45 1.5 1.5
3
70
5 3.64 '15 0.6 0.6
2.5
40
6 3.'1 24 0.7 11.4 12.1
2
40
7 3.'1 13 0.4 12.0 12.4
2
90
4 5.84 27 1.6 1.6
2.5
120
10 3.38 42 1.4 1.4
3
5ο
2 4.7 22 1 10.0 11.0
2
50
3 4.7 26 1.2 10.0 11.2
2
30
I 6.3 28 1.8 14.4 16.2
1.5
30
9 6.3 13 0.8 15.0 15.8
1.5
ch 120 20
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students enrol]ed in courses Γor whiοh the tΘXtbook has been adopted' Αny οιher reproducιiοn or trαislαtiοn of ιhis νori beyoncl ιhαι
permitted by Secιions ] 07 or Ι 08 of ιhe ] 976 (Ιnιted SιαιeS Copyrighι Αct wiιhοut the peimission οf ιhe cοpyrighι owλer is unΙcnνful.
199
The head losses for the three parallel runs are approximately the
same.
V = 8.0 ftlsec
. 4.17(41e\
/, = -Ι_1}-J "/ = 17 '5 ft of water
L
200
6oott*:;*g -,l) - 3x6 sxlo-u (1,0 -oull
,,_ _
-
". = 19.4 9a1. = 74 L
I
gz.οgο og.οgο ]
οoo[[9 Ψξg
L[ 0'ο1ο0zz
_,'l _ 3x6.5x1
) o_u (1,, o _
'-___-_-J
ou1l
10-24' Use Eq. 10-34 v, =
ι '_ 69:ο%,
Vr-_8.Ζ-gal = 33 L
10-26
(a) Use Eq. '10-16
Τ
P,+ PτPzι= Pzgzz +ρνv+ρg
'g"9cι
lL 24o tΙ,
9c
Ι
P9nLE
''
=
ff (zz-zι)+ ρw +
-9cl
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testing οr instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in οourses for which the textbook has been adopted,' Αny other reproductιon or ffαλιαιion
of ιhis wori beyond-ιhαι
permiιιed by Secιiοns ]07 οr ]08 οfιhe Ι976 L]niιed Sιαιes CopyrightΑctνΙιhouι ιhe peimission οfthe copyrighι
owλer is untιιυful'
-
=
# e4o)
#(60)
+
# es1=Be psis or 61 2 kpa201
(b)
P,'+ρg!= P2+ρg2
9c - --gc
Pz=Pι-
t (zι-zz)=89.o -effi
Pz = -15 psig = -i03 kpa or about o absorute
62.4(240)
= 5+ 62.4(60) . 62.4(25)
'n0.8
144 144 144
10-28
(oo , sz) + (a, x +o)= (ao x ιτ)
Qo *Q. = Qα= 100
Solve Simultaneous
ab = Ψ
17
= 41.2 say 41gpm
10-29. (a) Each chiller requires 600 gpm. Since chiller 2 is partially loaded it
must have the full flow of 600 gpm.
Therefore, Q"p = 1200 - 750 = 450 gpm
(d) Main pipe to and from sec. Circuits: D = 8 in. com. stl.
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203
Dns = Dco = O in. com. sfl. (S in. a litile small)
Dsc = DRo = 6 Ιn. com. stl. ( could be 5 in. but easier to make all
6
in.)
or 75o/o
**ntΓ*if Φr
u? 1*{S}
ι$
BaΙ*n*s
ve,v*
{typi*aii
Ω*{s} s 2Ο(s) 8
**rnnr** pip*
)
3-4 50 2 5.0 30
^,^il C r; 355
' he reproduced by instruοtors for distribution on a not_Γor-profit basis fortiting or instructionai puφoses onΙy
to
-ιhαι
hiοh the textbook has been adopted' Αny oιher λeprοduction
''/ United Sιαιes Cοpyrighι Αcι ιιithouι ιhe permission οr ιrαislαιiοn of ιhis wori beyond
of ιhe copyv.ight oνλer is unlωυful.
205
Con. C 15
4-5 130 3 3.7 40 1.5
Com. oi 0 3 0.0 39.2 ft (tote
2-6 40 2 3.4 30 1.0
Coil A 12
Con. A
3-7
10 23 ft (total)
40 2 3.4 10 0.5
Coil B 15
Con. B 12
7-8 80 2% 3.9 20 0.8 28.3 ft (totat)
r
f
*hill*r
p ιl Π]$} $
ι*
{} *οntr*i
ιJ
. valv*
{ typi*xi}
10-32.
Notes: PΙpe is schedule 40, commercial steel.
Αll lengths are total equivalent lengths exc|uding control valves.
Circuit 1-2-3-4-1 has the largest head loss of alΙ paths. Select pump for 2OO
gpm at 81 ft of head. From Fig. 10-1 1, use: 5Υ' in., 3500 rpm model. Will
operate at 96 ft at 200 gpm.
/1 _ gst 480000
= 512.8 ft3
ρc, (t,.-t.) 62.4(1) (60-45)
orQ=3,8369a1
(b) Vol = 513 ft3 ora Space 8 ftx 8 ftx 8 ft ora cyΙindrical tank 8 ftdia. x
10.2 ft
' 1le reproduοed by instruοtors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruοtional purposes only to
'.'hiοh the textboοk has been adopted. Αny oιher reproduction οr trαnslαtion of ιhis wοrk beyond thαt
^76 (Ιnιιed Sιαιes Copyrighι Αcινιιhout ιhe permission οfthe cοpyrighι oιυner is unlανful'
207
(a) Use 2 chillers of '15 tons total capacity in a reverse return system
similar to figure 10-32. The piping would be routed overhead around
the complex with supply and return running parallel, starting and
returning to the equipment room.
10-36.
IE
ι o r--5
erξι--]
!- - -<-'-'
Possible
-ξ2 < Vacuum Breaker on each
Heatinq Device
;-
10-37 ' Αssume boiler pressure of 2'O psig with ΔP/L = 2'O oz or 0'125 psi/1OO
ft' (TabΙe 10-4a). Τhen, ΔP = o'125x 175l1OO = 3'5 ozor 0'22 psi ΔP
is about Υzthe alΙowabΙe from Table 10-4a'
Assume boiler pressure of 1.o psig with ΔP/L Ξ 0'125 psi/1Oo ft.
(TabΙe 10-4a)' Then ΔP = 0'125 x 175l1OO = 0'22 psi which is near
the maximum in Τable 10-4a' Either boiler pressure could be used,
but select2.0 psig to be conservative.
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basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in cοurses for whiοh the textboοk has been adοpted. Αny oιher reproducιiοn
or ιrαnsιαιion of ιhis wοrk beyoncl thαt
permiιted by Sectiοns Ι 07 or 108 of ιhe ] 97 6 (]nitect Stαιes Cοpyrigh} Αcι νith'οuι ιhe peimission
of ιhe cοpyright ονλer is untωνfuΙ.
209
From Figure 10-48a at 850 lb/hr; ΔP/L = 0.'125 ρsil100 ft, and boiler
pressure of 2.0 psig: Pipe diameter = 4 in., with steam velocity of
4,00ο ftlmin at zero psig. Correct velocity to 2'0 psig (Fig. 10-49a)
V = 3,800 ftlmin
10-40 (a)
q = rhcp(t,-t,) =
ga##(1)(6s - 42)
ι'ι
^ - 1200x 1200x7'48 -= λ1'250
= ^F^ gpm -..-
60 X 624(654η
(b) Αssuming no changes in the temperatures, the total flow rate would
be:
-P Ξ9t
Φ., =
1200 \
1l25O) '/
= 937.5 or 938 gpm
jι 469
- = 0.75 or or Ts%
Qmin 625
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students enrolΙed in οourses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny οther reproducιiοn or ιrαnslαιion οf ιhis νork beyond thαι
permitted by Secιions ]07 οr Ι08 οfthe E976 LΙniιed Stαtes Copyright Αct\νithout ιhe pe'ιmission οfιhe copyrighι οwner is unΙαlvful.
210
RPM, = *x
625
35OO = 2,626
This is too much flow for one chilΙer and not enough for two chillers
at minimum flow of 875 gpm or 438 gpm each. Τherefore, both
chilΙers will have to operate at least at 438 gpm each and some ftow
bypassed equal to:
Φυ, = 875 - 75O = 125 gpm
RPMP =
' ,9'?
1250
ι35oο) = 2'450
which is less than the minimum flow rate for even one chiller.
Τherefore, shut down one chiller and operate the other at least its
minimum flow of 438 gpm. The bypass flow would be:
One pump would be shut down and the speed reduced for the other
pump to:
GHAPTΕR 11
1=L959ll-,
, = '-Ao'ν= Ψ= O.353 Αssumed K
ζJΑ" =6
ft2;
s5ο
-=ug-^o)
X5o = ' 50.,/0.353
1: = 68.5 ft; x1ρρ = 34.2ft; xlso = 22.8ft
(Δt*)loo = 2'04 F
11-5. A ceiling type diffuser system has the ability to handle large
quantities of air because the air is discharged radially and
diffuses the high velocity jet in a short distance.
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213
(b) An overhead type system would be preferred because
of the
greater need for cooling during the summer
and less need
for heat durΙng the winter.
11-7 ' Α perimeter type system would be the best choice. This type
system is required to do a good job of heating. Α spreading jet
should be used when heating and a nonspreading jet should
be used when cooling.
NC=0.5x(21 -17)+17=19
x5o = 0.5(1 1-10) + 10 = 10.5 ft
p=oo62(ffi)'=oo73in wq
11-10.
11-11. Model 28, 4-48 T-Bar; Table '1 1-6, 270 cfm
lnterpolate:
, ^-^'t2
p=O.r[ +l )
ι245
=o.13in.wq
-
11-12' From Table 11-1, L = 12 ft' Then from Τable 11-2 at
Q= 40 Btu/(hr-ft21, lxuo/L1rr*
=1.3 and the range is1.2 - 1.8, and X5s = 1.3 x12= 15.6ft
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reprοducιιon or ιrαnsιαιion οf this ιυork beyond thαt
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215
The best choice would be a 12 in. size with 600 cfm
14'3
(b) xso = 13. --'-'--νν'-
:9 Q) = 14.3ft;x5e/L
80'ι - = 1.02(in the range)
14
NC = 22*,
^po:
o.o6e (#)'= 0.065 in. ws.
11-15 lt is good practice to keep the core veΙocity below 5OO ftlmin. A
solution is the 18 x '1 2; Table 11-7
65
NC= 21 + fZl
135' ι =24
Note that static pressure and ΔPo are negative.
11-16. Guidelines:
1-Place diffusers under or between double windows.
2-Select throw using the ΑDPl procedure. Characteristic length
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' Αny oιher reproduction or ιrαislαtiοn of ιhis wori beyond'thαt
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216
= floor to ceiling.
3-Noise criteria (Nc) should usuaΙly be less than 30.
4-Be Sure that the totaΙ pressure required is compatible
with the pressure characteristics of the system. For example,
a smalΙ commercial system may have a fan that produces only
about 0.6 in. wg. total pressure while a large commerciat system
may operated at2-5 in. wg. total pressure. The diffusertotal
pressure Ιosses should be no more than abo ut 10% of the
fan total pressure.
5- Use data from Table 1 1-3
11-18. Guidelines:
1-Locate diffusers about 12 in. below ceiling on inside waΙls. Setect
throw using ADpl procedure.
2-Τhe jet may be spread with this type diffuser. However, more
than one diffuser should be used where the room width is at
least two times the room depth.
3-
Iζ. See problem 11-16
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students enroΙ]ed in courses for which the textbook has been only tο
adopted Αny oιl'r, Ιrpioauαιοn or ιrαnslαriοn of this νοrk beyond ιhαι
peιmiιιed by SeCιionS Ι07 or Ι08 οfιhe ]976 (]niιed Sιqtes Copyrigh'ι
Αcιlνiιhλuι ιhe peimιssiοn οfιhe copyrighι ονner is untανυful.
v&
217
4-
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218
-ffi
11-19. Guidelines:
'1-Locate grilles in ceiling near
the inside wall.
2-Noise criteria (NC) should be less than 30.
3-The negative static pressure should be held to minimum,
especially for light commercial systems with small fans.
core velocities of less than 5oo ftlmin will usually yield a
quiet system with a reasonably low-pressure loss. Higher
velocities and pressure ross may be tolerated with heavy
commercial applications.
4- Use data from Tale 11-7.
(b) X1oo= 3ft; L =7 ft; X19ρ/L =3l7 = O.43; o.3 < (x19ρ/L) < 1.o
89 cfm/diffuser; ΔPo - 0.06 in. V/g.; ΝC = 20
Νote: other acceptable soΙutions also exist.
650 cfm/diffuser; L = 20 ft 80
Room Load = 18
Btu
(hr _ ftΖ )
=
78
x = 16 ft (desired)
(650 - 630)
Xactual = (7 _ '15) + 15 = 15.5 ft
F5 _ 63οi
-fl :
xact_15.5_.,
= 0.78 (in acceptable range)
^
NC = 27; ΔPo=O 105 rΨ]'=
ι630/
O.112 in. wg.
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220
Desired throw: xloo = 0.3 x 20 = 6 ft.
o.K.
ltLr
Xr"t/L = 6'5Ι20 = 0.33, 80
78
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students emοlled in οourses for which the textbook has been adoρted' Αny οιher reproduction or trαnsΙαtion of ιhis work beyond ιhαι
permιtted by Secιions ] 07 or Ι 08 of the ]976 tJnited Sιαtes Cοpyright Αcι νithouι the ρermission of ιhe copyright oνner is unlανfuΙ.
Exοerpts from this wοrk may be reproduced by instructors fοr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
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adopted. Αny other reproduction or trαnslαtion of this work beyond thαt permitted by Sections ]07 or
Ι 0B of the t 976 United Stαtes Copyright Αct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlαwful.
Requests for permissiοη or further informαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment,
John Wiley & Sons, Ιnc, ] ] ] Riνer Street, Hοboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 1 2
(b) r,=
ξffi =#ffi+ = O 54 or 54oλ
a Po HP a Po HP
12-3
2.4 6
σJ
(d) Po = 1-30 in. wg
Ξ 2.0 5
.Ξ Φ = 9625 cfm
'1.6 4
ΗP = 2.34
I
Φ
Ξ
Φ 1.2 3 (L
U) Ξ
Φ
α 0.8 2
E
Ξo
t- 0.4
1
0.0 0
02 468111214
cfm x 10-3
12-4. Since pressure in in. wg. is plotted on the ordinate instead of head the
pressure must be adjusted to reflect the barometric pressure at 5280 ft
elevation.
Po = (Po)rtο(ρ/P.tα) = (Po).tα(Po/Po,'tα)
Q cfm
6,000 '10,000 14,000
Po W Po W Po W
Sea Level 2.3 2.75 1.87 3.5 1.15 3.45
Denver 1.9ο 2.27 1.54 2.88 0.95 2.84
:.
(b) ΔW=ff= _ 35
(w",0 - w)1oo 3.5 - 2.88
.
ΔW = 18% (decrease)
(a)
Q m3/min
Po W Po W Po W
Sea Level 400 1 350 320 1 600 260 2000
οnly to
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students enrolled in οourses fοr whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reproducιion or ιrαnsιαιiοn of ιhis
wοrk beyond ιhαι
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223
(1600--1315)
(b) ΔW = 10O = 17'ro/odecrease
1 600
12-6. (a) This is at the limit of the good selection range. lt would be
better to choose a different fan.
(b) Α near perfect match with the fan capable of producing about
1.85 in. V/g. totaΙ pressure at 10,000 cfm.
P" = [+Ψl'
ι4005,
= o.zs in. wg., Po = P, + P, = O.88 in. wg.
0.94
O.BB
\o10e2 rPm
0.80
1240 1420
cfm
. 't3,500 15,00ο
Q cfm
12-11.
/2istem, actual
βε,,f-οr whiιih tl
οr ]08 οfthe ]9
225
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basis for testing οr instructiona1 puφoses onΙy to
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or tαλhfiοn οf ιhis wοri beyond ιhαι
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226
V" = 25001(12x 121144) = 2500 ft/min
One eff. Duct length = 2.5 diameters,Table 12-2
L = 2.5 x 13.5 = 33.9 or 34 in.
12-17. (a) Τhe design condition and the observed condition are on
nearly the same system characteristic. Therefore, it is
probable that the fan is not running at the desired speed
of about 920 rpm but at a lower speed of about 6'10 rpm.
1.5x5000
12-18' Wsn,l = 16 HP; Wsh,2 Ξ = 1.62
6350x0.73
% Diff = rco(16_,!62)
16 = +οO% [decrease from 1 to 2!
ι )
puφoses only to
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students enrolled in courses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reprοductiοn or ιrαnslαιion of
ιhis work beyond thαt
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227
12-19. (a) Assume 15,000 cfm is an equivalent value for the day.
Forfull load point 1: Wr = 16 x0.746x24=286.5 kwh
For part load cond.: Wp = 6.7 x 0]46 x24 = 120.Okwh
(28q'9_ ]20)
ιW = x '1OO
= 58o/o (decrease)
286.5
(b) No, the fan would be forced to operate to the left of the maximum
pressure and would probably be unstable.
12-22' The actual inside dimensions are 10 x 8 in. or D" = 9.8 ιn., Table 12-7
For duct, unlined, ΔPo/L = 1 .8 in. wg./100 ft (Fig. 12-21)
2ooox144
O - = 3600 fvmin
1 0x8
From Fig. 12-23, roughness corr. Factor = 1.51, then for the
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228
lined duct, ΔPo/L = 1 .8(1 .5'11 = 2'72 in' wg./100 ft. and
ΔPo - 50 x2'7211ο0 = '1.36 in. wg. or about 338 Pa
12-24.
Q = 600 cfm
|
tl
()Θ
-=t'
Dz = Ds = 10 in'', A2lA1= 0.6 = Α3/Aa
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229
12-25' (a) Bellmouth, Co = 0'2i Αbrupt, Co = 0.5; Table 12-109 & 10Α
ΔPos = O'2(1ooo/4oo5)2 = O.o125 in' W9. - 3.1 Pa
ΔPon = O.5(1oOo/4oO5)2 = O.0313 in. wg. x7'8Pa
(0'0313 - 0'0125)
o/o Diff . - (1oo) = lsoo/o
0 0125
also
Vo = 0'6l|@lξ(0.35)2] = 6'24 mls
ΔPo - 0.25(6.2411.2q2 = 5.8 Pa
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230
Aυ/Ac=(6112)2=O.25
Co = 0.345, Τable 12-11A
Qr/Qο=55O/80O=0.6875
ΑS/Ac = (0112)'= 0.694
C" = 0.135, Table 12-11A
V. = 550l|(πla)(0l12)'! = 1οo8 ftlmin
or V, = o.26ll(ila)(0.25)21 = 5.3 m/s
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231
or ΔPo, = o.135(5.3/1 29)2 = 2'3 Pa
lx 0'25
-
γ'=
12 0.017
= 17 '2ft
Note: Most of following duct sizing problems can be solved with the computer
program, DUCT.
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234
= 0.'10 in. wg./100 ft size ducts using Figure 12-21 and record the
actual ΔPo/L from Figure 12-21'
12-36. The design pressure loss is (0.25 - 0.1 ) = 0.1 5 in. wg. (for supply ducts)
1-2-3-4-5, Le = 185 ft
(0'15 _ 0'03)
Τhen for design: ΔPo/Le - x 1OO = 0.065 in. wg./'1oO ft
185
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235
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\
236
12-36. (continued)
(a)
With the equal friction method, every branch should have a damper for
balancing purposes.
Αctual total pressure loss:
ΔPo - ΔP1 + ΔP2 + ΔP3 + ΔPa + ΔPu + ΔPοs
ΔPo = 0'146 in' wg'
Note that run 1-2-3-4-7 actuaΙly has the greatest loss in total pressure
but the difference is not significant. Use ΔPo = 0.15 in. wg.
(b) Sizing of the longest run, 1 -2-3-4-5, is the same as (a) above where
ΔPo/L = 0.065 in. wg./100 ft. Construct a new table as follows:
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----------------
237
MAIN DUCT RUN BRΑNCH DUcτS
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (e) (10) (1 1) (12) (1 3) (14) (1 5)
Sec Le cfm DJwxh ΔP v ΔPo ΣΔPo Br. ΔPι Le ΔPi οfm D"/wxh v
No. ft. in. L fpm (2)(5) Σ(7) Seο ΔPoot ft. L in. fpm
100 No. -(8)* ('10)100
ΔPα (11)
2 '18 595 12 0.070 760 0.013 0.070 7 0.036 43 0.084 200 I 570
J 16 ?oξ 12 0.034 500 0.005 ο.ο75 8 0.035 49 0.071 120 7 500
The left 8 columns are the same as (a) above. The branches, 6-7-8-9,
are sized to balance in the right hand 7 columns.
-- Design Procedure --
Sysιem type: Supp}y
Duct Sizing Method: Equal Friction
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Ean Selection --
Knoι\Ιn Fan Parameter: F'an TotaΙ Ρressure : 0. 250 in. wg
Total B45. Ο
-- Design Procedure --
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permiιΙed by Sectiοns ] 07 or l 08 οf the 1976 United Stαιes Copyright Αcι withοuι ιhe permissiοn of ιhe cοpyright oνner is unlανful.
____
-- Fan Selection --
Known Fan Parameter: Fan Total Pressure : -
0.250 in. wg
ΔPo/Le
(0.23 - 0.03) 100 = 0.092 in. wg./'100 ft
=
217
Size all Suppιy ducts for this pressure loss per unit length.
EΧcΘrpts from this work may be reproduced by instructοrs for distτibution on a not-for-profit
basis for testing or instructional puφoses only tο
in courses for whiοh the tΘXtbook has been adopted' Αny other reproductiοn or ιrαnslαtion οf ιhis work beyond ιhαι
students enrolled
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pe,rmιιed by Sections ] 07 οr l δε o7 ,ιr, νiιhout
1976 Uniιed Stαtes Copyrigh't Αct ιhe of ιhe
241
1 1200 16 150
2 1 050 14 100
3 850 14 100
4 750 12 75
5 650 12 100
b 550 12 200
7 475 10
8 225 I
9 175 7
10 50 5
11 125 6
12 50 5
13 75 6
14 50 5
c
12-42. (continued) Ξ
lo
9,rE c) o o Θ Θ
o ιo o o ο
Ν Ν
Γ..- Γ.- Ιt*
O
ιο
(o
Ξ o Θ
c c{
ιo (o c{
(o
IO
Ιιf,
|Ξ Ξ
lo
-.l
z l=
tα] ιΓ)
lΦ
lΝ
o Θ O ιο
ιΙ.J
Φ
Ε
(σ
σ)
Cη
Γ.-
Γ.t
Lο Φ
Γ.-
ιο ιa) (r)
lω
t- ]ο
lcΛ
σ)
o o Θ o τΦ Θ lο
Ξ*-*uΦ{ lΦ
Γ-* ιΓ) οn (o
Φ Φ Φ co Γ.- Φ
ο- IL
cj c; ci ci ci Θ ci Θ ci I()
€Φ lc
Ξ
ο-
oδ Ε2 o l-c
I
co Cη σ) (\ Θ \r c{
E ο.l c.l c\l αl lσ)
o l-c
O
lo
-l-
=
Ξ
δds ti-
cο
Θ
Θ
vO
ιΓ)
c;
(o
Θ
ci
σ)
(o
ο
c)
Cη
Φ
Θ
Φ
σ)
o
o o o ci ci o Θ
σ)
Cη ιo (o σ, ο.l
ο.l
lo
l- U)
^l^
Θ
o sσ) =
o
ε*"3Ξ v ιΓ) o
(o Φ
Φ o o Θ
c! o Θ (η
o o $o Θ o
I o Θ
<) cf)
Ι- ci ci ο Θ ci Φ
o c; c;
(o Θ
cη (Ι)
o o Ξ
z !cr>a
I Θ O Θ c) Θ
o o Θ Θ
c{ O c{
Φ
Θ Θ
Φ
ιο
Φ Γ.- ο ιο
$
Ι (σ
σ) cO Γ- (o
ο
Γ.t
Ξ Γ..-
.c t Φ
_ο
c
t--
O
Ξ
Ξ
ο oXl - σ)
οo cO
-i ci Θ
Φcf)
Θ
Θ(o c{ σ)
o
(η
q α
(o ο Φ
Θ
o
ι- z O ci c; ci c;
-O
Ξ
U) Σ
U'
(σ Ξci.Ξ $ $ c{ c! Θ σ) οo οo (o (o
(σ
!-
_ο
(Ι)
o
Θ Θ o
(σ
-o
(σ Θ ιo ιο
() Θ
ιo
Θ ιο Φ () Ω
Φ (o
ιΓ)
u. $
ιΓ)
(η
Γ--
c.l
c.l
C.l
ιf)
.c
(σ Ξ(υ
o Φ Φ οo c{ \r τ $ (η Θ cf) .Ξ
t-
Ξ Cη Cη Φ ιf) c{ J
# ζΣ
t
(υ
c
U)
o Ν cr) v ιr, Φ
Φ
+ σ) cf) o
O Γ- F (υ
ο-
E
(σ
-ο ο
*
12-37. (continued)
ΔPo for the longest run will be about 0'22 in. wg' for the above sizes"
Τherefore, size the return system for a pressure loss of (0.35 _0'22)
or 0.13 in. wg. -
-- Desiqn Procedure --
System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Equal- Γriction
Rounding Method: Round Nearesι
-- Ean SeΙection --
Known Εan Parameter: Εan Total Pressure : 0.700 in. wg
244
Εan Airflow: 1000.0 cfm
Fan or ExternaΙ Total Pressure: 0.700 in. wg
Coil Lost Pressure: 0.25Ο in. wg
F'iΙter Lost Pressure: 0 . 10Ο in. wg
Μisc. Lost ΡresSure: 0.0Ο0 in. wg
AHU %
-- Fan Selection --
Known F'an Parameter: Ean Tοta1 Pressure : 0.700 in. wg
TotaΙ 10Ο0.0
12-38. The three branches from the plenum must be designed as close as
possibιe for the Same preSSUre ]oss. Start \Ι/ith B since it appears
to be more extensive than Α or c.
For B: ΔPo/Le =[
0.18 - 0.025 '100 = 0.107 in. wg./100 ft
145
0.18-0. 025
For Α: ΔPo/Le =( '100 = 0.109 in. wg./10ο ft
142
0.18 - 0. 025
For C: ιP"/L" =( 100 = 0.149 in. wg./100 ft
104
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250
12-38. (continued)
c 17 48 100
^
.085 510 0.04'1 '136
Note that the resulting total pressures losses turn out to be:
(ΔPo)a = 0.144 in.wg., (ΔPo)n = 0.157 in. wg.; (ΔPo)c = 0.161 in. \Μg.
12-38.
15 100. Ο 0.171
19 100.0 0.155
23 100. Ο 0.141
29 100.0 0.187
Total 400.0
AHU .ο %
Total 5Ο0.0
-- Design Ρrocedure --
System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Εan Se1ecιion --
Knoιtn Ean Parameter: Plenum Total Pressure : 0.180 in. wg
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for testing or instruοtional puφoses only to
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-
255
12-41.
SF
2
1 F
M c E
Po=o S
1 A
2 8,,
12-42.
4 SF
2 S
Space Pressure
S
1
Pυ=0
-1 A
-2
le
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257
12-43.
1 RF
M c Ε
Pυ=0
S
-1
-2
12-44.
SI
Pυ=0
-1
-2
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258
Fan, ΔPo = 5'75 in. wg.
12-45.
(a) Αssume a reasonable duct velocity of about '1200 fpm. ΔPo/L = 0.095
in. wg./100 ft. and D" = 18 in. (may be converted to 20x14 in. for
example)
For the duct: ΔPο - (0.095 x 40)1100 = 0.038 in. wg.
(b) For 18 in. duct with 1,ο00 cfm, ΔP/L = 0'027 in. wg./10ο ft
For duct: ΔP6 = 0'027 x 401100 = 0.01 1 in. wg.
For elbows: ΔP" = 2x0'15(59ol4og5)2 = 0.006 in. wg.
For griΙle: ΔP, = O'25(1Qoo/2oοο)2 = 0.063
-- Deslgn Procedure --
System type: Supply
Duοt Sizing Method: trqua1 Εr1ction
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Fan Selection --
Known Fan Parameter: E'an Tota1 Pressure : ο.900 in. wg
AΗU %
-- Design Procedure --
System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
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261
_- Εan Selection --
Known Γan Parameter: Fan Tota1 Pressure : 0.9OO in. wg
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Ι0B of the Ι976 United Stαtes Copyright Αct without the permission of the cοpyright o'ι)ner is unlαwful.
Requests for permission or further infοrmαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment,
John Wiley & Sons, Ιnc, ] ] ] Riνer Street, ΙΙοboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 13
ft3
ho =
h
18.g7tbai(hr -ft )
#(0.g3)-2l3 =
Le-2t3 =
cp
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for distributiol on a nοt-for-profit basis for testing
students enrolled in οourses for which the or instructionaΙ puφoses only to
iextboοk t-'u, υ""r, adopted. Αι-ιsl oιher Ιrj)a""rnn
permitted by Secιions ] 07 or ] 08 οf the Ι 976 |Jniιecl or ιrαnslαιion of rhis νork beyοnd thαι
Sιαιes copyrιgh't ιcι νιιnλut ιn" po7'iriοn οf
the copyrighι oνner is unlανυful.
263
Γh* = hdΑ(Wb - W,); Wn = 0.0312;W^= 0'0152
Γhr, =
} 'ΔΘ=m*/[hdΑ(Wv_W")]
Δθ=
(16 - 4)
= 0.71 hr
I 8. 87(56)(0. 03 1 2 - 0.01 52)
13-9. The procedure is the same as example 13-1 except that the
energy balance line A-B will have a positive slope
and tl ι=75"F, tlz = 90"F
Ans: 68162"F; 17 .4 ft2:4.8 ft
13-11. The procedure is the Same aS example 13-2 exοept that the energy
balance line A-B will have a negative slope and the inlet and outlet
water temps. are reversed.
Αns: 71t69"F; 17 '4 ft2;5.5 ft
13-
50
12. A. = rh r/G,
hαam =5510.24=229.2
45 4000 x 0.071 X
Ε
_ο 40
h1/h6 = -3.05 =#, 6O/1OOO = 17 ft2
J
οο 35
|ι 'l
o- 30
τ
I
-J- I
Ι_
ιlJ
25 t t2t
ι
Εxοerpts from
students enrοl] Y or instruοtional puφoses only to
|αιion οf ιhis wοrk beyond thαt
permiιted by Sι 20 ghι οwner is unlαwful.
60 70 80 90 100
264
Υ : 2'7, Then
L = Gry/hdθm = 10ο0 x2'71229'2 = 11 .8 ft
qpm/ton= 50
-^^. =3.0
(250,000 /1 5,000)
Note: !n this case, '1 ton = 15,000 Btu/hr
Cold water temperature; t" = 70 - 10 = 60 F
From Fig. 13-7; t*o = 42 F
gpm = ΨΨ
15,000
x2'5= 83 gpm (a & b)
13-23' (a) tons = ''?9?99o = 80, gpm/ton = 24OΙ8O= 3.O, maximum two = 72F
15,000
(b) gpm/ton = Ψ
80
= 4'o',max. t,5 = 65 F
13-24. Model G, nominal rating - 600 gpm & 250 tons (Table 13-2).
Using Figure 13-9; assume gpm is constant.
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266
With cooting range of (97 - 85) = 12
Max. two = 76 F (Figure 13-9)
With cooling range = 15, tu, = 100 F
Max. two = 74 F (Figure 13-9)
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students enτolled in courses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny οther reproducιion or trαnslαιion of ιhis νork beyond thαt
permitted by Sections ]07 or ] 0B οf ιhe Ι976 United Sιαtes Cop1ι'ight Αcι without the peιmission of the copyrighι owner is unΙττννful.
-------_-=\ ---
basis for
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textbοok has been
testing or instruοtional puφbses orty to students enrοlled in courses for whiοh the
permitted by Sections 107 or
adoptΞd. Αny other reprοiuction oi trαnslαtion of this work beyond thαt
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ΙOti οf the lbτo υnιeλ Smtes Copyright Αct withοut the the
Requests for permission or furtλer ffirmαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment,
CHAPTER 14
120-60
14-1. (a) P - 200 60 = 0.43
-
200-180
*= = 0.33
120 - 60
F = 0.985 {Fig. 14-191
(29'92x0'491x144)
(b) C" = (fr = 50oo *uo φ'24)
"r)",, 53.35(520)
= 5490 Btu/hr-F
cn = cc(1,2 - tu1)/(t*z - t*r) = 5490(1 20 -60y(200 - 180)
= '16,500 Btu/hr-F
(d) q = UAF(LMTD)
Cι-., (t*z--t*l) _ 16,500(2ο0 _ 180)
UA = = 3390 Btu/hr-F
F(LMTD) 0.985(e8.7)
UA UΑ UA
(e) NTU =
Cmin Cc Cair
3390
NTU = = 0.62
5490
^-
267
(f) 120-60
\/ 0.43
"= 200-60
268
14-2' (a) q
UΑF(LMTD) = (rh cp),i,(1 10-50)
=
Γh, = 4000 x 14'7 x 144l(53.35 x 510) = 311'2 lbΙmin
or 18,672|b/hr
Q = 18,672(0.24)(110-50) = 268,874 Btu/hr
q = (rh cr,,)('l80 - tr.,o) = Q5 x 8.33)(1)(180 - tho)60
-
tι.o = 1 80
=?9y+
25x8.33x60
= 158.5 F or 159 F
't[
^J
A = 9/(UF x LMΤD)' ='!u!!!^o== = 312 ft2
10x0.98x88
3294
ε = 0.615, Fig. 14-18 T
atr.
at C.inlCrr, = 0
+
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r_.-
269
14-3. (continued)
0.61s = ,':"=-'^? , tco = t"o = 0.6'1 s(125- gs) + g5
125 - 95
t,o = 113'5'F
lm =
(1.0 - 0.5) 18.26= 0.76
12
R/r = 1l0.5 = 2.0i η = ο.8, Fig' 14-4
taηh(mrl)
(b) = [E -,][.'+ O.35rnBj 1.243
\mrφ) \r )\ ,ο =
,., =
r/
mrΦ - (18.26)(0 '5112)1.243 = 0.9454
tanh(0.9454)
,_
' 0.9454
=0.7g
(c) Within readability of Fig. 14-4 the answers are the same
'1 Λ^
1 1 Δx 1 1 (0.01 5112)
Uo ho?ro k(Α, /Αo ) hi(Αi /Αo ) 10x0.8 (100x1)
1
J-
= 0.17; Assumes Α; = Αo and k.opp",. = 100
200x(1/9)
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny οther reprοducιion or ιrαnslαιiοn οf ιhis wοrk beyond thαι
permiιιed by Secιions ]07 or Ι 08 of ιhe 1976 United Sιαιes Cοpyright Αcι withouι ιhe permissiοn οf ιhe cοpyright oνner is unlαlνful.
270
The second term may be neglected
Uo = 5.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
'1
14-7.
Uo=!10x0.8 1 100(1/9)
=0.133
Uo = 7.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
tanh(m/)
14-8. ,' -
m!.
+=\:γ--J^
u 1400 57(0.96) = O.O19; U = 52.3 W(m' _ c)
Excerpts from this rνork may be reproduοed by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puφoses only to
students enrolled in οourses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny οther reprοducιion or trαnsιαιiοn οf ιhis work beyond thαι
permitted by Secιions ] 07 or l 0B of ιhe ] 976 United Stαtes Cοpyrighι Αcι lνiιhout ιhe permission of the cοpyright owner is unlαwful.
271
tan h(m r/ )
14-11 η=
'Φ= [}_,][,+O35.(})]
.
mrΦ
R"
= 1.2s ψ(β - 0'2)'''; m =
r
Γ znl1l2
Lπ]
*=},β=;;L>M
(a) Diml =;'=Ψ = 0.56 in
b = 1.35 in
2x10
φ = (2.22-- 1)t1 + O.35ln( 2.22)!= 1'56; . = = 16.33 ft-1
f'''
Γ
L e0(0.01/ 12)
mrΦ - 16.33(0.32112)1.56 = 0.631
tanh(0.762)
n_
' =0.869
0.762
(b) Dim.-a-12.5mm
'2
Dim2 = ' !2'lZZt + 12.5'ltt2 = 12.65 mm
L = Dimz = 12.65 mm
b=22mm
M = Dimr = 12.5 mm
12'65
t=12'5 =2.s:g= =1.012
5 12.5
R"
r
= 1.27(2.s)(1.01 2 - 0.g)1t2 = 2.69
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students enτolled in οourses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted' Αny οther reproducιιon or ιrαnsιαtion ofιhis lνοrk beyond thαι
permitted by Sections ] 07 οr ] 08 οf ιhe Ι 97 6 United Sιαιes Copyrighι Αcι y,ithοuι the permission of ιhe copyright owner is unlωνful.
272
2.69 -
1)t1 + 0.35 ln(2.69)] = 2.26
Γ zxoε ll=66.67m-1
Φ =
m=l E'\vv _^ -_
1170(0.00018)_j
mrQ = 66.67(0.005)2.26 = 0.753
_ tanh(O.753)
'
11 =
0.753
η = 0'85
)
(a) 1o=1 -η)-1_o.9(1 _O.s4)=0.86
*(1
1 1
%
=
1o10€6
* :^
οoo(l o)
= 0.120; Uo = 8.60 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
1t12
0 64( 1)'
14-13. (a) Rct = 2.222 x 10-6 ι 0.010- )
ο.010
]""'
Rct = 4.15 x 10-a 1hr-ft2-r1/εtu
Re=ffi=20,940
'045Δ 63.02(3.4 4)0
Re=#=11,670
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students enτolled in courses for which the textbook has been adοpted. Any οιher reproduction or trαnsιαtion of this νork beyond thαt
permitted by Secιions ] 07 οr 1 08 οf ιhe 1 976 United SιαιeS Copyrighι Αcι withοuι the permissiοn of ιhe copyrighι oινner is unlαwful.
274
h = O.O23 9Ψ
0.125
(32,556)0r11o.21o. = 5O9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
Re=
c, = 0.89 btu/(lbm-F) [Fig. 14-8]
k = 0.28 Btu/(ft-hr-F) [Fig. 1a-g];
Pr = 2.35 x 1 o-3136oο)(o.s9) l0 '28 = 26.9
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students enrolled in courses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reproducιion or ιrαnsιαιion of ιhis work beyond ιhαι
permitιed by Sections ] 07 or Ι 08 of ιhe 1 976 United Sιαιes Cοpyrighι Αcι y,ithouι ιhe permission of the cοpyright owner is unlανυful.
275
(a) Cooling
h 0.023 ('13,900)0t126.910t = 28s Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
=
#
(26'9):1
(b) Heating: h = '""
285
(26'910'e
= 396 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
99ο'2(1 '5)(0'012) _
14-1g' (a) Re = ρΥD _
μ o'uffi =29'905
^'''
0.o12
h = 8287 W(m2 - C) = 8.29 kw(m',- C)
(b) Re =
(1 'ο28)999(1 '5)(0'012) 15,4OO
=
1.2x10-3
,r=ffi=8.9
.2x10-3x3.7x10-3
1
:- o.o23
h = Ξ'Ξ]Ξ (ο.5o)(15,4oO)08(8.9)oo = 5140 W(m2 _ c)
0.012
= 5.1 4 k\Νl(m2 - c)
62'4(0'5)(0'3!112)
14-20. (a) Re = = 922< 2soo
(3.45l3600)
hD .1.86tReP. D .,lls
-
= l.vvιl.-,, [ra)o 'o : Αssume ( n)o'o =,
τ L, ιr',,l,,1oΦLΙl,,- ιλJ
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students enτolled in courses Γor whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reproductiοn or trαnslαιion of this work beyond ιhαι
permitted by Secιiοns ] 07 or Ι 08 of the ] 976 Uniιed Sιαιes Copyrighι Αct |νiιhout ιhe permission of ιhe cοpyright οlιner is unlcrlνfuΙ.
276
,,=ξ1# =1O'4
p22(1o.ol(ffi),"'
π =
sff# = 66 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
992.2(0.1.0)x103
14_21. Re - = 1519
653
There is a question about the flow regime. lt is probably
in the transition region. Assume it is laminar and use
7 10.14
Eq. 1 4-24 and assu me | -U- I = 1.
[ρ'J
o.653X'1ο_3(4.182)
Pr - = 4'34
0.63
τ- 1 89φΞ3)
n=-O.O1 ι'--_\- -
'ι 3 )'
1519(4'34)rΨ']]1/3 328 W(m'- c)
138(pr.,,.
[#j"'L?
=
H= E)"102
Εxcerpts from this work may be reprοduced by instruοtors for distribution on a not-fοr-prοfit basis for testing or instruοtional purposes οnΙy to
students enrotled in οourses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reprοduction or trαnsιαιιon οf ιhis work beyond thαι
permiιιed by Sections ] 07 or Ι 08 οf the ] 97 6 Uniιed Sιαtes Copyrighι Αct νilhout ιhe permission οf the copy'ighι oνner is unΙαινfuΙ.
277
pρ'( e")"' .,u.o1, 61 o )"'
= = 1oo8
βι lρ") ι0.0135/
Pr' _ 0.95(1.001) =2.48
0.384
i,, = 1001 Btu/lbm
Δt ρ 80 = 1'160 _ s0); twall Ξ 80'F (Using water outside the tubes)
6 13.8
0.384 - '4n' Γ 1φ]-l"u
'' 2
= - - ο.58 g t12
QΑ8)
L,1 ,(uη]Uυδl' ,,,oo8]o
"
h = 888 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(ο.s8)o. 126x1o_3 Ιz
(G. )"us = = 0.314 kg/(m2 - s)
1.767x10-a
0.126x10-3 (1 + O. 1 2) t 2
(Gu)"ug = = 0.399 kg/(m2 - s)
1.767x10-a
DGr _ ο 015(0.311)
= 12'1
βι 0.390x10_"
gzο Ι2
DGu ( ρr)"' =
O.o15(0.39_9
[ l1 = 1024
βι |ο" ) O.39Ox1o_3L0'219J
h=13gφj95)(2'46)1t3lffi].,u..o24)o2=5022W(m2-c)
h = 5.02 kw(m2 - c)
rh= 80
rJ = -:-
A j 6.417x10-a
= 124,700 lbm/(ft2 - hr)
ξ = 30%, Xe = 100%
Tsat = -24C a|210 kPa abs. Pres. [Table A-3b]
μ. = O.27O x 1O-3 N-s/m2 [Table Α-3b]; extrapolate
k. = 0.107 W(m - c) [Table A-3b]
iβ= 223 kJ/kg [Table A-3b]
GD=200(0.0085_)
=6296
βι 0 '270x10_3
Cι = 8.2 x '1O-3; n = O.4
. r0.
(o'1O7)Γ 7(223)1 000
6 = 8'2x 1O-3 β296\2
0.0085 L' Ie 2x9.80 7 J]
h = 4106 W(m2 _ C) = 4.11 kννlm',_ c
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students enrolled in οoursοs for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reprοducιion or ιrαnsιαιion οf ιhis work beyond thαι
permitlecl by Sectiοns ] 07 or Ι08 οf ιhe ] 976 tJnited Stαtes Cορyright Αct \νiιhout ιhe permissiοn οf the copyrighι oνner is unΙπwfuΙ.
279
14-26. " f !!1
lr, =
D2g
, Assume isothermat
CF = 1.25
ΔP. = 0.04 x 33.75 x 1'25 = 1.7 psi
= 8.91 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.173
f = 4.2 x 1O-2 or f = 0.042 (Note that f may be in error up to
!35o/o (Figure 14-15)
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permitted by Sectιons ] 07 οr Ι 08 οf the 1 976 Uniιed Stαtes Copyrighι Αcι wiιhout ιhe permission of the copyrighι owner is unlαwful.
281
Gc(0'0275)
14-30. (a) G" = 4.5 kg/(m'-.); tp = 2OC; Re = '
μ
μ = 1 8'2 x 10-6 Ν-s/m2 1Table A-4b]
4'5(0'027Ξ)
Re = = 6800; Cp = 1.OO5 kJ/kg-C
18.2x10-o
j = 0.009; f = 0.020 [Fig. 14-121
lh
β214)2
''=2(32'17)(0'072)(0.075)(3600)Ζ _Γ(, * ιo.u6), )r9Ψ _ l)*
/\0.068 )
L\
o 042(1 1s 5)(0 075)l
o 072 -l
h = 12.2ft of air
ΔPo = Ω, (1i::?)Α;'z
= 0 18 in. wg
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permιtted by Sections ] 07 or Ι 08 of the ]976 United Stαtes Copyright Αcι νiιhout ιhe permissiοn οf the cοpyrighι owner is unΙανful.
282
14-32. Use Equation 1 4-42 or 14_45
ti = 10C; t2 = 30C, ffΑ" = 1 18.5 from problem
14-31
1O1x103
oι =
ffi1 = 1.244 kg/m3; Pz= 1.161 kg/m3;
pm = 1.203 kg/m3
t' =
ffi[(,'. (0 56)2
)(#- 1).
\
o.O19(1 18.5)/ 1μ!1
1.203 )
I r, = 1.67 m of air
κe=lffi 2700(0.0101)
=621
ΔPo _
_ e7oq2 _ t(o.32 * l- os2)
4)(3600)'
π 2β2.17 )1 4'6(1 44)(0.07
_'''1#'\
+ 2 (#- 1) -o 053(1 3r)ιffi#] _ r _ (o 5)2
ΔPo/Pg1 =4'126x10-a
0'17 in' wg'
ΔPo = 4'126x 1o-4114.6)(1 44)(12)t62'4 =
inches
Fin pitch = 8 fins/inch Fin thickness = '006
Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches basis for testing or instructional
puφoses only to
by instructors for distribution on a not-fbr-profit ιhis νork beyond ιhαι
ΕxcerDts from this work may be reproduced λny- o,rnr, ,rρroλur'ioλir-ιron,Ιαιιoi
of
,ι-'. ιexibook ιr, υ..nrjopi.α*'
sιudenιs enτolled in courses ι", *-L1.λ ciiilii, iri ih" prr^ιr,rio' oj'n" copyrighι
oνner is unlωυful'
permiιιed by Sections ] 07 * ,oi'iiiλ)jili'bnii i,o*, ''ιhout
284
Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches
Tube outside diameter = .500 inches
Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
lnside tube fouling factor = 'OOOO BTU-HR-SQFT-F
'/6C
14-95. (continued)
Btu/hr
Total heat transfer rate = -48783'2
-48783'2 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate =
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temPerature = 95'0 F
Tubesideheattransfercoefficient=388.88tu/hr-SQFT-F
Finnedsideheattransfercoefficient=12'5Btu/hr-SQFT-F
-20'7 F
Mean temperature difference =
(b) Yes
o
ιJ.ιr, 872
js
_
, ^ = g
1 _ (5x1 2s0)(63o 6l_ι 'z
ha = 7.77 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
jο _ 1_(6x128ο)(680)] 2
js 1- 64OO(6801-r z
= 0.96
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students enrolled in cοurses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny οther reprοducιion or ιrαnslαιion of ιhis τνork beyond thαt
permιιιed by Sections ]07 οr Ι08 ofthe ]976 United Stαtes CοpyrighιΑcιwithοuι the permιSsion ofιhe copyright o'ννner is unlαwful.
288
ιl ur rr s = jo/js = 0.96
h = 10.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.0123 - 0.0092 .1 .033 x 1O-a,) Using Chart
v ι_
1 or
c.. =
_ 85 55
0.0123-0.0063 ) PSYC
.^^ -
νz- 1O-a
-- 85_q5 = 1.5 x
- = 1'265
Ψr = 1'27 ψ(β- o.3)"' = # (1 o.3)1t2
tanh(mrl)
-
'
Πm-_--'- = 0.g74 or
g7.4o/o
mrΦ
where
--"-'_
1 =-1' *,1*,Αr=Ai
UιAi hiAι kΑ,
""- 1U,=!*41=
,nα ' :_- '9o]:^
hi k 1000 12x190
= O.OO1
t* = tr .
ffi(i,-
i*) = 50 +
ffi (31.7 - i*)
1 1 Uι= 52.98
= +0'0005 = O.O1888;
ui 53 58
t*=ti -
ffi (i"_i*) =14'3-,g4,,* β4.2_i,) *H
For t* = 16, i* = 45. Checks O.K.
greaterthanthedewpointtemperatureoftheair.
Coil DescriPtion:
Type of coil = water or brine solution
Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube coil
Material = aluminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid = water
Finned side fluid = air
Finned side air pressure = 29'92 inches of Hg
Finpitch=12fins/inchFinthickness=.008inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches
Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches
Tube outside diameter = '500 inches
Tube wall thickness = '016 inches
lnsidetubefoulingfactor=,OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipeihead er = 2'5 inch(s)
or instructional purposes only to
for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for tΘsting
Εxοerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors of ιhis work beyond thαι
has υ*,' iy oιη" or trαnsιαιion
students enrolled in courses fbιwhich the texibook "J"pi"α. 'q "p'oλucιιon
permission οf the copyrighι owner is unlανful'
l
permitιed by Sectiοns ] 07 * οε'"iiλr''i ii'6-inι,"d S,o'r, coiir|ιgn, 'a"i
'ιthout
ihe
291
14.42. (continued)
Total heat transfer rate = 232885.0 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = 164919.4 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 80.0 F
Wet bulb temperature Ξ 68.0 F
Enthalpy = 32'3 Btu/LBMΑ
Humidity ratio = 83.3 grains/LBMA
Face velocity = 550.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 6875.0 CFM
Comment: coil is 34.3 percent dry
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 57.4 F
Wet bulb temPerature = 57.1 F
EnthalPY = 24'4 Btu/LBMA
Ηumidity ratio = 68.7 Grains/LBMA
Tube side conditions:
Entering fluid temperature = 45.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature = 62.4 F
Τube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 26.9 GPM
Air pressure loss = .774 inches of water
Τube side head loss = 14.09 feet of water
Coil Description:
Type of Coil = Water or Brine Solution
Τube Pattern = Staggered Plate_Fin-Tube Coil
Material = Αluminum Fins With Copper Tubes
basis for testing or instruοtional purpοses οnly to
Excerpts 1iorτ this wοrk may be reproduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit
students enroΙled in οourses for whiοh the texibook has been adopted. Αny oιher
reproducιion or ιrαnsιαtion οf ιhis work beyond thαι
permitιed by Sectiοns ] 07 or l oε i7 ]976 Uniιed Sιαιes Copyrighι ,ιci νithouι ihe permission of ιhe copyright oνner is unlιτwfuΙ'
'n,
299
Tube Side Fluid = Water
Finned Side Fluid = Air
Finned Side Air Pressure = 0. FT. of Εlevation
Τhe above results show that a 5 row coil would easily satisfy
the specified requirements. Τhe manual calculation of the
examples are very conservative.
Exοerpts from this work may be reproduced by instruοtors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruοtional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reproducιion or trαnslαtion οf this wοrk beyond ιhαι
permitted by Secιions ] 07 or Ι08 of the ] 976 Uniιed StαιeS Copyrighι Αct 1νiιhout ιhe permission of ιhe copyrighι owner is unlανful'
Exceφts from this wοrk may be reproduced by instruοtors for distribution on a not-for-proΓrt basis fοr
testing or instruοtional purpδsο, on1y to students enrolled in courses for whiοh the textbook has been
adoptΞd. Αny οther repiodiction οr trαnslαtion of this work beyond thαt permitted by Sections
]07 or ]08
o7 ilιe lιzο (]nited Smtes Copyright Αct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlαwful.
iequests for permission or furtier-idormαtion should be αddressed to the Permission Depαrtment, Jοhn
Wiley & Sons, Ιnc, 11Ι Riνer Street, Hoboken, ]\ΙJ 07030.
Chapter 15
= 63 Btu / lbm
4.5
0r= = 0.63 or 63 %
7.14
(c)
ψ= Q" =
10 (12,000) _26,667
Btu lhr = 1ο.5 HP N 7.8 kW
coP 4.5
HP 10'5
then
ton 10 =
= 1.O5 and Ψ
kW
=O.22
10 (12,000)
(d) Qe = ΓhQe oΓ Γh = = 1905 lbm / hr = 0.24 kg /s
63
300
1905_ι0'68) x
(f) PD = rhv. = = 21'6 ft3 / min O.O1 m3 / s
60
coP
( )carnot =
#*:3.86
(c) iι = 448'4 kJ / kg from part (a)
is = i.l +iι _iz = 44'94 + 101 '54 _ 37.98 : 108'5 Btu / Ibm
Qe = i+
_i3 : iι _iz = 1o1 '54 _ 37'98 = 63'6
15-3 (continued)
HP 132
^t
ton rhge
TT8
P
t9
HP (18.5) 778 (12,ooo)
=1.37
ton =
(63.6) 60 (33,000)
15-4 0ν =| 1+ C
Γ.
_ c^ rr..1l"' v3
L \PoJl
I
vb
rh 0.75
PD 2.14
tροt;fσΛrinctrlotinnql nllrnnsεsnnlvt^
Exοemtsfrοmthiqrνnrl-tra\,L--__-^j,'^^lL-.:__}_'.^a^.^.--f,j_+-:!_,'+:^-_-___^}ε^--.nfi'+λ-"iafΛf
rh / PD = 0.15 t 2-14 = O'07 lb / ft3
15-5 0ν =o'7o
a
PD= GπlΦ() β00) = 52.36 ft3 / min
1728
1ιz=ηPt" (iz_,.,l =
Ξ#f4 (.ε'46) = 2g26 Btu / min
Υ2a
ι|1
35
tl:130-10=120F
iι:iz:46 Btu / lb
^ l1 .'jL''L:^-.^_-^^+f^r-nrnfithasisfοrtestinsorinstructional purposesonΙyto
304
Evapl a),( c)
t-
Ξ
φ
α)
o
()
o
o
(d Ξ
ο- -Ξ
(τ,
ζ) ι_
Φ
Ξ
o
o-
( b) (a)( c)
io
orator Tι
15-8
Design Pointo -o(
-c
Ξ Ξ
Φ Υ
o
o 13.7 ;
o =
co-
'δ (ι)
ω Ξ
o- o
(σ α
o
Measured Operating
Points
(a) Τhe condensing temperature is still about '1 '15 F, but the
Check for proper air fΙow over evaporator. Fan speed may be
ExcΘrpts from this work may be reproduοed by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolΙed in cοtlrses fnr whinh tLΔ +__}L^^l'- L^^ L^^- ^j^_ι'
l
V3 = Vg at 45 F; vg = 0.604 ft3 / lbm (Τable Α-3a)
16l /o οo+\
(a) (Ξ+\1/1
L "_v'vι'ιs&rcJ .*
o" =| 1+ O.O5 _ o.O5 + 0'εeε
]ι .,l
(b)
ri'r - ry, (PD) / v. : (ο.838) 20 / 0.604 : 27.75|bmlmin N 0.2 kg /s
.n-1 I
P. n
(c) ψ=!Ψ, W=*o",[[ I
Pυ) -11
]
l, 2'79 ,oi6 I
* = 1J9(ss.73)
0.16'
(144) (o .66) l (
'|(8εzs)
)l 'ο _.' I
1
15-9 (cont inued)
(Ψ
ι*l
Γ
'15-10 (a)
'ν
ou
L
=|l+ O.04 _ o.o4
)'''o]
'u'
Note: Αn average value c>f k assumed and 2 psi p res. loss
Excerpts from this work may be reproduοed by instruοtors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instruοtional purposes only to
ctrr.lan+. i
^--^ir-
307
- 1'4_1
Γ
*
(1'4_1) \ /
-_1!- \ /Lι53/
w = (53) 44 (o'77) l [Ψ']
1 =94 91( ft _ lbη / lbm
fr*
vιl = = 9491 (11.44) / (0.9 x778) = 1t55 Btu / min
I
0m
15-10 (Continued)
j9491
W23 =i2 -i3, iZ =iZt W = 133 +
778
=125.2Btu / Ιbm
P3 will decrease with the lighter load but Pz is also lower and
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis flοr testinρ οr l'nstnlctiοnaΙ nιlrnοses onlv to
j
-+,,f,^-+-.-.---rl
308
ΠoWW
9491 (48)(1 03) : 14.78 Btu / tbm
53 (0.77) 778
=
valve.
15-11 Reduced air flow reduces the load on the evaporator. Without
purposes only to
Εxοerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
309
valve to faiΙ.
i
18.5 o/o
vapor (Use chart 2)
X3 = 0.495; ts = 125 F
28ooF
l8ooF
TzΞτ7 l6TT-sia
0 0.25 .495
χ+
Excerpts from this rπork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instruοtionaΙ purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fbr whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reproduction or trαnslαιiοn of this work beνond ιhαΙ nemilto)
by Sectiοns ]07 or ]08 οfιhe !Q76 [Ιnifa'] Slnlo" r'^'.'-':'-ι'' ι ''
310
(COP)ma x = 2.675
at 50 F, P = 0.178 psia or
15-17 (continued)
P = 10 mm hg
Locate point I at x = 0; P = 10 mm hg
ffru=1;m.=5
ms5mv
mm6ms
E
lv = ;5- tΠS = i x 45'5 Ξ 37.g (depends on scale used)
ob
(a) x = 0.50
(b) Q, = i, - io = -50 - (-70) = 20 Btu / lbm of solution
Exοerpts Γrom this work may be reproduced by instruοtors for distribution on a not-fοr-profit basis for testing or instruοtional purposes only to
students enτolΙed in οourses for which the textbook has been adopted. Αny oιher reproducιion or ιrαnslαιion of ιhis νοrk beyond thαι pemιιιed
by Sectiοns Ι07 or ]08 ofιhe ]976 tΙnited Sιοιρs Canιιriohι Δ?r1υ!a!"^''a n'^ ' '
311
lm \m-1
ib 70δ
h9
Excerpts from this work may be reproduοed by instruοtors for distribution on a not_for_profit basis foτ testing or instructional purposes only to
students enτolled in οourses for whiοh the textbook has been adopted. Αny other reproduction or trαnslαtion of ιhis ιιork beyond thαι permitιed
bν Sections ]07 or ]08 οfιhe ]976 [kιitad Stntρc Γnh1'';-L} ι^l''':'1''' ' ''
311
ADDENDUM
to
Solutions ManuaΙ fοr McQuiston, ΙΙVAC 6e
ProbΙem 6-10
For the floor, it is unοlear what2 in. vertiοal edge insulation means (whether 2 in. is the
thiοkness of insulation or the depth of the edge insulated).
. The solution assumes that the insulation has R-value of 5.4 hr-ft2-oF/Btu and the
depth of the edge is 2 ft.
For the door, Table 5-8 in the 6th edition does not have U-value for the wood storm door
and there are three types of the wood door with 1 % in. thickness.
ο The solution assumes that the doors are panel doors with metal storm doοr; henοe,
its U-value is 0.28 But/hr-ft'-'F.
ΡrobΙem 7-9
The standard time zone for ottawa, ontario is Εastern Standard Time instead of Central
Standard Time.
. The solution uses Eastern Standard Time.
Prοblem 7-14
For the specified loοatiοn, the sunset oοοurs before 9:00 p.m. CDST on June 21.
ο The solution uses 8:Ο0 p.m. CDST instοad of 9:00 p.m.
Tabte 8-20
Reοommended radiative and conveοtive fraοtions for solar heat gains should be revised
sinοe the 6th edition uses the SHGC values in the calοulation of the (οombined) solar heat
gain for the RΤS methοd.
Example 8-16
Τhe example actually uses 90%/10% of radiative/οonveοtive split of the cοmbined solar
heatgain. Ηowever,thetext (page270) says 100%/0Υoforthetransmittedsolarheatgain
and 630Λ1370Λ for the absorbed sοlar heat gain.
L--**-
312
The solutions for both problems use 90%11,0% for the combined solar heat gain.
ExampΙe 9_1
('1Ι11?2Ψoi19.']!o:9Φ
= _ Ι22'606
" (0.ssx70- 0)(1000)