Weaving

In this section, the yarn is weaved into fabric. Interlacing at right angles two or more set of yarn
or other material form a fabric

The Weaving Department is divided into three-

1. Preparatory Department
2. Loom Shed
3. Folding

Preparatory Department

The three main steps of weaving preparatory process are:

1. Winding
2. Warping
3. Sizing

Weaving
In this section, the production of fabric is done by the inter-placement of warp and weft.

Weaving Mechanism: There is three main motion of weaving. This process on looms is called loom
motions. These are as follows :-

1) Primary Motion

2) Secondary Motion

3) Auxiliary Motion

1. Primary motion: This is the main and initial motion, thus called primary motion. Every
looms requires three primary motion to produce a woven fabric. These motions are
Shedding, Picking and beating.
 a. Shedding: Shedding is the name given to the motion, which moves heald frame up
and down in order to separate the warp sheet into two layers and form the shed (< >)
in which weft yarn is passed. On the modern loom, simple and intricate shedding
operations are performed automatically by the heddle or heald frame, also known as
a harness. The two common methods of controlling the heddles are dobby and
jacquard.
b. Picking: Picking is the second primary motion in which weft or filling yarn is passed
through the shed from one selvedge to another with the help of shuttle, rapier, needle
or air-jet. A single crossing from one side to another side of the loom is called a pick.
As the shuttle goes back and forth across the shed, it weaves an edge or a selvedge
on each side of the fabric to prevent the fabric from unravelling.
c. Beating-up: Beating up is where the reed pushes the weft into the fell of the cloth to
form a fabric. This requires considerable force, hence the term beating-up. The
crankshaft of the loom is responsible for the beat-up action which must take place
after each weft insertion and so it will make one revolution per pick inserted.
2. Secondary motions: There are two secondary motions in weaving namely let-off and
take-up.
a. Let-Off: The let-off motions ensure that the warp ends are controlled at the optimum
tension for the fabric that is being woven.
b. Take-up: The cloth take-up motions withdraw cloth from the fell and then collect it at
the front of the loom.
3. Auxiliary motion: Auxiliary motions are warp stop motion, warp protector, weft stop
motions and weft replenishment.
a. Warp stop motion: Warp stop motions halt the loom when a drop wire falls as a result
of end breakage.
b. Warp protector motion: Warp protector motions stop the loom before beat-up in the
event of projectile falling to complete its traverse from one side of the loom to the
other side.
c. Weft stop motion: Weft stop motion halts the loom in the event of a break in the weft
yarn.
d. Weft replenishment: Weft replenishment ensures a continuous supply of weft yarn
to the loom whenever a supply package becomes exhausted.