𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑙í𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒

𝑥 2 −4 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2) 𝑥−2
1) lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→−2 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2 𝑥→−2 (𝑥+1)(𝑥+2) 𝑥→−2 𝑥+1
−2−2 −4
lim = lim =4
𝑥→−2 −2+1 𝑥→−2 −1
2
𝑥 −5𝑥+6 (𝑥−3)(𝑥−2)
2) lim 𝑥−3
= lim
𝑥−3
= lim 𝑥 − 2 = lim 3 − 2 = 1
𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+4 (𝑥+2)(𝑥+2) 𝑥+2 −2+2
3) lim 𝑥 2 −4
= lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2) 𝑥→−2 𝑥−2 𝑥→−2 −2−2
0
lim =0
𝑥→−2 −4
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2 (𝑥+1)(𝑥+2) 𝑥+2 −1+2
4) lim 𝑥 2 −1
= lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 (𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) 𝑥→−1 𝑥−1 𝑥→−1 −1−1
1 1
lim =−
𝑥→−1 −2 2
𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−1) 𝑥+2 1+2
5) lim 𝑥 2−3𝑥+2 = lim (𝑥−2)(𝑥−1) = lim 𝑥−2 = lim 1−2 =
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
3
lim = −3
𝑥→1 −1
9−𝑥 (9−𝑥) (√𝑥+3) (9−𝑥)(√𝑥+3)
6) lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→9 √𝑥−3 𝑥→9 (√𝑥−3) (√𝑥+3) 𝑥→9 𝑥−9
(9−𝑥)(√𝑥+3)
lim = lim −(√𝑥 + 3) = lim −(√9 + 3) = −6
𝑥→9 −(9−𝑥) 𝑥→9 𝑥→9
2
𝑥 −1 (𝑥+1)(𝑥−1) 𝑥+1 1+1 2
7) lim 𝑥 3−1 = lim (𝑥−1)(𝑥 2+𝑥+1) = lim 𝑥 2+𝑥+1 = lim 1+1+1 = 3
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
√𝑥−2 (√𝑥−2) (√𝑥+2)
8) lim 𝑥 3−64 = lim (𝑥−4)(𝑥 2+4𝑥+16) ( =
𝑥→4 𝑥→4 √𝑥+2)
(𝑥−4) 1 1
lim = lim =
𝑥→4 (𝑥−4)(𝑥 2 +4𝑥+16) 𝑥→4 (4)2 +4(4)+16 48
𝑥+1 2+1 3
9) lim 𝑥+2 = lim 2+2 = 4
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
(𝑥+∆𝑥)2 −𝑥 2 𝑥 2 +2(𝑥)(∆𝑥)+(∆𝑥)2 −𝑥 2
10) lim
∆𝑥
= lim
∆𝑥
=
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥→0
∆𝑥(2𝑥+∆𝑥)
lim = lim 2𝑥 + ∆𝑥 = lim 2𝑥 + 0 = 2𝑥
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥→0
2(𝑥+∆𝑥)−2𝑥 2𝑥+2∆𝑥−2𝑥 2∆𝑥
11) lim = lim = lim =2
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
(𝑥+∆𝑥)2 −2(𝑥+∆𝑥)+1−(𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1)
11) lim
∆𝑥
=
∆𝑥→0
𝑥 2 +2𝑥.∆𝑥+(∆𝑥)2 −2𝑥−2∆𝑥+1−𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1 2𝑥.∆𝑥+(∆𝑥)2 −2∆𝑥
lim = lim =
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
∆𝑥(2𝑥+∆𝑥−2)
lim = lim 2𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − 2 = 2(𝑥 − 1)
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0
 (𝑥+∆𝑥)3 −𝑥 3 𝑥 3 +3𝑥(∆𝑥)2 +3𝑥 2 (∆𝑥)+(∆𝑥)3 −𝑥 3 ∆𝑥(3𝑥.∆𝑥+3𝑥 2 +(∆𝑥)2 )
12) lim = lim = lim =
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
lim 3𝑥. ∆𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + (∆𝑥) = 0 + 3𝑥 2 + 0 = 3𝑥 2
2
∆𝑥→0

𝑥2 − 9 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) 3+3
13) lim = lim = lim =6
𝑥→3 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 𝑥→3 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥→3 3 − 2

𝑥2 − 1 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 1+1 2
14) lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→1 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 𝑥→1 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥→1 1 + 2 3
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2) 2−3 1
15 lim 2 = lim = lim =−
𝑥→2 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2 𝑥→2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥→2 2 + 1 3
𝑥 2 − 16 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4)
16) lim = lim =4+4=8
𝑥→4 𝑥 − 4 𝑥→4 (𝑥 − 4)
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) −1 + 3
17) lim 2 = lim = lim =2
𝑥→−1 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 2 𝑥→−1 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥→−1 −1 + 2

𝑥−4 (𝑥 − 4) (√𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4)(√𝑥 + 2)

18) lim = lim . = lim = lim √4 + 2 = 4
𝑥→4 √𝑥 −2 𝑥→4 (√𝑥 − 2) (√𝑥 + 2) 𝑥→4 (𝑥 − 4) 𝑥→4

√𝑥 − 3 (√𝑥 − 3) (√𝑥 + 3)
19) lim 2
= lim .
𝑥→9 𝑥 − 81 𝑥→9 (𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 − 9) (√𝑥 + 3)
(𝑥 − 9)
= lim
𝑥→9 (𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 − 9)(√𝑥 + 3)
1 1 1 1
= lim = lim = =
𝑥→9 (𝑥 + 9)(√𝑥 + 3) 𝑥→9 (9 + 9)(√9 + 3) 18(6) 108

𝑥3 + 8
20) lim 2
𝑥→−2 𝑥 − 4
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4)
= lim
𝑥→−2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
2
(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4) (−2)2 − 2(−2) + 4 4 + 4 + 4
= lim = lim = = −3
𝑥→−2 (𝑥 − 2) 𝑥→−2 (−2 − 2) −4
𝑥 3 − 729
21) lim
𝑥→9 √𝑥 − 3
(𝑥 − 9)(𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 81) (√𝑥 + 3)
= lim .
𝑥→9 (√𝑥 − 3) (√𝑥 + 3)
2
(𝑥 − 9)(𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 81)(√𝑥 + 3)
= lim
𝑥→9 (𝑥 − 9)
= lim ((9)2 + 9(9) + 81)(√9 + 3) = 1458
𝑥→9

𝑥−5 (𝑥 − 5) 1 1
22) lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→5 𝑥 2 − 25 𝑥→5 (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 5) 𝑥→5 5 + 5 10
 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥+2 1+2 3
23) lim 2
= lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1 𝑥→1 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 1 𝑥→1 1 + 1 2
√3+𝑥−√3 (√3+𝑥−√3) (√3+𝑥+√3) 3+𝑥−3 1 1
24) lim = lim . (√3+𝑥+√3) = lim 𝑥(√3+𝑥+√3) = lim = 2√3
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 √3+0+√3

(𝑥 + ℎ)3 − 𝑥 3 ((𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑥)((𝑥 + ℎ)2 + (𝑥 + ℎ)𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )

25) lim = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥ℎ + 𝑥 2 )
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2
= lim (𝑥 + 0 + 0 + 𝑥 + 0 + 𝑥 2 ) = 3𝑥 2
2
ℎ→0

𝑳í𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒐
1
𝑹𝑬𝑪𝑶𝑹𝑫𝑨𝑵𝑫𝑶 𝑸𝑼𝑬: lim =0
𝑥→∞ 𝑥

1
1 𝑥 0
1) lim = lim = lim =0
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 + 3 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 3 𝑥→∞ 2(1) + 0
2 (𝑥 ) + 𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑥2
1 − 𝑥 − 𝑥2 − ( 2) − 2
2) lim = lim 𝑥
2 𝑥 𝑥 = lim 0 − 0 − 1 = − 1
2
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 − 7 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 2 7 𝑥→∞ 2 − 0 2
2 2− 2
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 3 5𝑥
𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 3+ 3 1+0
𝟑) lim 3 2
= lim 3𝑥 2𝑥 = lim =2
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 4 𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 𝑥 4 𝑥→∞ 2 − 0 + 0
− 3+ 3
𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
4𝑢4 + 5
4) lim
𝑢→∞ (𝑢 2 − 2)(2𝑢 2 − 1)
4𝑢4 5
4𝑢4 + 5 + 4 4+0
= lim = lim 𝑢4 𝑢 = lim =2
4 2
𝑢→∞ 2𝑢 − 5𝑢 + 2 𝑢→∞ 2𝑢 4 5𝑢 2 2 𝑢→∞ 2 − 0 + 0
− +
𝑢4 𝑢4 𝑢4
√9𝑥 6 − 𝑥
5) lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 3 + 1
𝑥
√𝑥 6 (9 −
)
𝑥6
= lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥3 + 1
𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥
𝑥 3 √9 − 6 √9 − 6
𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥 1. √9 − 0
= lim = lim 3 = lim =3
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 1 𝑥→∞ 1 + 0
+
𝑥3 𝑥3
6) lim (√9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥)
𝑥→∞
(√9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3𝑥)
= lim (√9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥)
𝑥→∞ (√9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3𝑥)
9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 9𝑥 2 𝑥 1 1
= lim = lim = lim =
𝑥→∞ √9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 3. √1 + 0 + 3 6
3𝑥√1 + 2 + 3𝑥
9𝑥

7) lim (√𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥)

𝑥→∞
(√𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥)
= lim (√𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥) .
𝑥→∞ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥)
𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥
= lim
𝑥→∞ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥)
𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑏)
= lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥
𝑥√1 + + 𝑥 √1 + 2
𝑥2 𝑥
𝑥
(𝑎 − 𝑏)
= lim 𝑥
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 𝑥 √ 𝑏𝑥
+ + 1+ 2
𝑥 √1 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥
(𝑎 − 𝑏) (𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑎 − 𝑏
= lim = =
𝑥→∞ 1. √1 + 0 + 1. √1 + 0 1+1 2
3𝑥 5
3𝑥 + 5 + 3+0
8) lim = lim 𝑥 𝑥 = =3
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 4 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 4 1−0
−
𝑥 𝑥
2 3𝑦 2
2 − 3𝑦 2 − 2 0−3 3
𝑦2 𝑦
9) lim = lim 2 = lim = −
𝑦→∞ 5𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 𝑦→∞ 5𝑦 4𝑦 𝑦→∞ 5 + 0 5
2 + 2
𝑦 𝑦
𝑡2 2
𝑡2 + 2 3+ 3 0+0
10) lim 3 2
= lim 3 𝑡 2 𝑡 = lim =0
𝑡→−∞ 𝑡 + 𝑡 − 1 𝑡→−∞ 𝑡 𝑡 1 𝑡→−∞ 1 + 0 − 0
+ −
𝑡3 𝑡3 𝑡3
𝑥+2 (𝑥 + 2) (√9𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑥 + 2)(√9𝑥 2 + 1)
11) lim = lim . = lim
𝑥→∞ √9𝑥 2 +1 𝑥→∞ (√9𝑥 2+ 1) (√9𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑥→∞ (9𝑥 2 + 1)
1 1
(𝑥 + 2)(√9𝑥 2 (1 + 2 ) (𝑥 + 2). 3𝑥. √1 + 2
9𝑥 9𝑥
= lim = lim
𝑥→∞ (9𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑥→∞ 9𝑥 2 + 1
1 3𝑥 2 6𝑥 1
(3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥)√1 + 2 ( 2 + 2 )√1 + 2
9𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 9𝑥
= lim = lim
𝑥→∞ 9𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥→∞ 9𝑥 2 1
+ 2
𝑥2 9𝑥
(3 + 0)√1 + 0 3
= lim = = 1/3
𝑥→∞ 9+0 9
12) = 𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜 5
13) lim (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)
𝑥→−∞
(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
= lim (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) . = lim
𝑥→−∞ (𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) 𝑥→−∞ 2𝑥
𝑥 − √𝑥 2 (1 +
𝑥 2)
−2𝑥 −2𝑥 −2
= lim = lim = lim = −∞
𝑥→−∞ 2𝑥 𝑥→−∞ 2𝑥 𝑥→−∞ 1 − √1 + 0
𝑥 − 𝑥(√1 + 2 ) 𝑥(1 − √1 + 2 )
𝑥 𝑥

14) lim √𝑥 2 + 1
𝑥→∞
√𝑥 2 + 1
= lim √𝑥 2 + 1.
𝑥→∞ √𝑥 2 + 1
2
𝑥 +1
= lim
𝑥→∞ √𝑥 2 +1
𝑥2 1
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥2 + 1 2 + 𝑥2 1+0
= lim = lim = lim 𝑥 = =∞
𝑥→∞ 1 𝑥→∞ 1 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 1 0 √1 + 0
√𝑥 2 (1 + 2 ) 𝑥 √1 + 2 √1 + 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥
𝑥 3 2𝑥 3
3
𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3 − +
15) lim = lim 𝑥 3 𝑥 3 𝑥 3 = lim 1 − 0 + 0 = 1 = ∞
𝑥→∞ 5 − 2𝑥 2 𝑥→∞ 5 2𝑥 2 𝑥→∞ 0 − 0 0
3 − 3
𝑥 𝑥

11𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠

3𝑥 + 2 , 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 4
𝑓(𝑥) = {
5𝑥 + 𝑘, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 4
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim−(𝑥) … . 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎
𝑥→4 + 𝑥→4

lim 5𝑥 + 𝑘 = lim− 3𝑥 + 2
𝑥→4 + 𝑥→4

5(4) + 𝑘 = 3(4) + 2
20 + 𝑘 = 14
𝑘 = 14 − 20
𝑘 = −6
𝑘𝑥 − 3, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 + 𝑘, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ −1
lim + 𝑥 2 + 𝑘 = lim − 𝑘𝑥 − 3
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1
(−1)2 + 𝑘 = (−1)𝑘 − 3
1 + 𝑘 = −𝑘 − 3
𝑘 + 𝑘 = −1 − 3
2𝑘 = −4
 𝑘 = −2
𝑥 2 , 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≤ −2
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑠𝑖 − 2 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
2𝑥 − 6, 𝑠𝑖 2 ≤ 𝑥
lim + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = lim − 𝑥 2
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2
(−2)𝑎 + 𝑏 = (−2)2
−2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4 … (∗)
lim 2𝑥 − 6 = lim− 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑥→2∗ 𝑥→2
2(2) − 6 = (2)𝑎 + 𝑏
4 − 6 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = −2 … (∗∗)
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 (∗)𝑦 (∗∗)
−2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = −2
2𝑏 = 2
𝒃 = 𝟏 → 𝑒𝑛 (∗∗) 2𝑎 + 1 = −2
2𝑎 = −2 − 1
2𝑎 = −3
𝟑
𝒂=−
𝟐