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    Nikhil Upadhyay
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    This document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet and Java programming language. It describes how the Internet started as a way to send email and transfer files, but grew with the introduction of the World Wide Web, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and web browsers. The document then explains how Java was created as a platform-independent programming language to develop applications for the Internet and World Wide Web. Key terms related to Java like bytecode, APIs, and the Java Virtual Machine are also defined.

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    This document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet and Java programming language. It describes how the Internet started as a way to send email and transfer files, but grew with the introduction of the World Wide Web, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and web browsers. The document then explains how Java was created as a platform-independent programming language to develop applications for the Internet and World Wide Web. Key terms related to Java like bytecode, APIs, and the Java Virtual Machine are also defined.

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    19 views10 pages

    1.02. - Intenet and Java

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil Upadhyay
    This document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet and Java programming language. It describes how the Internet started as a way to send email and transfer files, but grew with the introduction of the World Wide Web, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and web browsers. The document then explains how Java was created as a platform-independent programming language to develop applications for the Internet and World Wide Web. Key terms related to Java like bytecode, APIs, and the Java Virtual Machine are also defined.

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    of 10

    17/07/2019

    Internet and Java


    Dr. Pankaj Kumar

    Outline
    • Internet and its Evolution
    • Internet Tools
    • Web and its Programming
    • Java for Internet Programming

    1
    17/07/2019

    What is the Internet ?


    • It is a global network of computers that
    communicate with each other using a variety
    of protocols and overcoming various
    communication barriers.
    • It is like International Telephone System.

    Internet Technology Evolution


    • Internet is much bigger than what we think
    • More than 30 years old
    • More than doubling every year
    • Technology effect
    ▫ Suddenly everybody sees the need for a technology
    ▫ Like the radio or the TV
    • 10 terabytes flows everyday

    2
    17/07/2019

    Usage of Internet
    • Use of internet advertisement/elections/newspapers
    • Information is public
    • Network is the computer
    • Intranets - internal TCP/IP nets
    • PC accounts for 55% of total IT
    • Applications tied to platform - API lock-in

    Early Internet
    • Early Internet supported only email .
    • File Transfer Protocol development - ftp sites.
    • Network News was added to the Internet.
    • Archie - A program to canvass anonymous ftp sites and create a
    database of what is available.
    • Gopher- A menu-driven interface used to search for information.
    • Archie and Gopher could answer questions only like ‘what FTP server
    contains info about “xxxx”.

    3
    17/07/2019

    World Wide Web (WWW)


    • World Wide Web conceptualized by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in
    Switzerland.
    • Concept of Hypertext led to the development of the Hypertext Markup
    Language (HTML).
    • Tim Berners-Lee proposed the ‘Browser’ program.
    • Scientists at CERN designed a TCP/IP based protocol to share Hypertext
    information called HTTP.
    • WWW officially is described as a “Wide-area hypermedia information
    retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of
    documents”.

    Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)


    • Hypertext point to information which can be local or remotely located.
    • HTML - Derivative of the SGML (Standard Generalized Markup
    Language).
    • HTML - information, commands for the Browser for formatting
    documents.
    • HTML - The de-facto language for publishing on the Internet.
    • Hypermedia - Hyper-links to Multimedia.

    4
    17/07/2019

    Internet Tools
    • Browsers: A tool used to view documents on the WWW.
    • Web Servers: Machines which run the HTTP-server Software that
    respond to HTTP requests which it receives.
    • Authoring Tools: Editors specially made for editing HTML documents.
    • Filters: Tools to convert legacy documents to HTML format.
    • Scripting: Languages used for scripting.
    • WAIS: Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) for indexing and doing full
    text searches.

    10

    How does the Web work?


    • Web: Designed around Client/Server Architecture
    • Web Clients (Web Browsers): send requests for documents to any Web
    Server.
    • Web Server: Program that responds to HTTP requests
    • Hyperlink
    • Web client connects to the specified Web Server.
    • The server responds by sending the information asked for.
    • The Browser formats the received HTML data and displays it.

    5
    17/07/2019

    11

    Send the “INFORMATION”

    HTTP

    The client sends an HTTP message to a computer


    running a Web Server program and asks for a
    document

    Information

    The web server sends the hypermedia HTML documents to the client.
    We end up seeing the document on our screen

    12

    HTML
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Page Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>

    <h1>This is a Heading.</h1>
    <p>This is a paragraph.</p>

    </body>
    </html>

    6
    17/07/2019

    13

    Universal Resource Locators (URLs)


    • Every resource available on the Web - HTML document, image, video
    clip, program, etc. - has an address that may be encoded by a Universal
    Resource Locator, or “URL”.
    • URLs-Each name is unique across the Internet.
    • An URL looks like this
    http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html
    • Parts of a URL are
    ▫ Service type, System Name, Port, Directory path, Filename, Search
    Components or Variables

    14
    Application

    The Web
    • Seeded by HTML from CERN
    • Revolutionized by MOSAIC – a web browser
    • Standardized, universal interface to data and
    Graphical BROWSER
    • Broadcast capability - publish once, reach
    OS OS OS OS
    millions
    Application Application

    7
    17/07/2019

    15

    Making life easier!


    • Data on the web
    • Browser platform independent
    • Click on application - run on any machine
    • Java the programming language of the 21 century

    16

    Java - An Introduction
    • Java - The new programming language from Sun Microsystems (now
    owned by Oracle Corporation) in 23 May 1995.
    • Java - Allows anyone to publish a web page with Java code in it
    • Java - CPU Independent language
    • Created for consumer electronics
    • Java - designed by James Arthur Gosling
    • Oak -The predecessor of Java

    8
    17/07/2019

    17

    Java Glossary
    Term Definition
    Bytecode The instruction set for Java Virtual Machine, created from source files into bytecode
    by the compiler
    API Application Programming Interface is the way to expose a set of pre-defined classes
    and interfaces to external clients to interact with them, without sharing the
    implementation details
    Autoboxing automatic conversion between the primitive types and their corresponding object
    wrapper classes.
    Garbage Collection The process by which the JVM automatically frees up unused memory
    JAR Java Archive is the default Java packaging mechanism to aggregate multiple files into
    one (similar to .zip)

    18

    Java Glossary
    JDK JDK (Java SE Development Kit) Includes a complete JRE (Java Runtime Environment)
    plus tools for developing, debugging, and monitoring Java applications. JDK is
    required to build and run Java applications and applets.
    JRE JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment which is used to provide an environment at
    runtime. It is the cause of implementation of JVM. It contains a set of supporting
    libraries in combination with core classes and various other files that are used by JVM
    at runtime. JRE is a part of JDK (Java Development Toolkit) but can be downloaded
    separately.
    JVM The Java Virtual Machine is called JVM, is an abstract computing machine or virtual
    machine interface that drives the java code.
    JVM generates a .class (Bytecode) file, and that file can be run in any OS, but JVM
    should have in OS because JVM is platform dependent.

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    19

    JVM Structure

    20

    Difference between JDK, JRE and JVM

    10

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