COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL

ENGINNERING,JABALPUR

SEMINAR
SESSSION : 2018-19

TOPIC : HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

PRESENTED BY :
RAHUL KUMAR
ROLL NO. - 1814
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE :-
 It describes the storage and movement
of water between the :
o Biosphere
o Atmosphere
o Lithosphere
o Hydrosphere.

 It is a closed system. The total amount of

water in the cycle does not change but
the water is always in movement.
 The global hydrological cycle divided into
three subsystem :-
a) Atmospheric water system
b) Surface water system
c) Subsurface water system

Residence Time :-
It is the average duration of water molecule to
pass through a sub-system of hydrologic cycle.
𝑺
𝑇𝑅 =
𝑸

s = volume of water in reservoir (liters)

Q = flow through reservoir (liters per year)
 MAJOR PROCESS OF HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

 Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Precipitation
Interception
Infiltration
Runoff
Ground water flow
 EVAPORATION
 Conversion of water into vapour form due
to effect of temperature is called
evaporation.

 Hydrological cycle is activated by solar

energy.

 Approximately 80% of all evaporation is

from the oceans with the remaining 20%
coming from inland water and vegetation.
Factors Affecting Evaporation Rate

 Surface area of water body

 Depth of water in reservoir
 Nature of rainfall
 Humidity
 Wind velocity
 Temperature of water and atmosphere
 Salinity of water
 Moisture content of soil
 Transpiration
 It is the process by which water leaves the
body of living plant during the respiration
process.
 The transpired water passing through a plant
only 1% is used in growth process of plant.
The remaining 99% is passed into the
atmosphere

Evapotranspiration
 Total loss of water through evaporation and
transpiration from the soil-plant system.
 Consumptive Use
• The loss of water through evapotranspiration and metabolic
action of plant.
• Plant consumes the water in its metabolic action less than 1%
of evapotranspiration
Factor affecting evapotranspiration
 Soil factor
 Plant factor
 Atmospheric factor
 Cultural practices factor
 Condensation
 It is the process whereby water vapor in the
atmosphere is changed into a liquid state.

 The warm, moist air rises and it cools at high

altitude where the temperature below the
dew point temperature.

 Condensation is responsible for formation of

clouds.

 Clouds regulate the earths climate system.

 Precipitation
• Any form of water falling from the
atmosphere on the earth called
precipitation.

• Precipitation occurs when the tiny

condensation particles in clouds grow
too large.

• Water moves around the globe in the

water cycle by clouds.
 Forms of Precipitation
• Liquid precipitation :-
a) Rainfall
b) Drizzle

• Solid state precipitation :-

a) Glaze
b) Sleet
c) Snow
d) Hail
 Interception
It is that part of precipitation which is intercepted by the surface objects
and returned back to atmosphere by evaporation.
Stem flow :- falling of rain water along the stem
is called stem flow.
Through fall :-that part of precipitation which reaches to
the ground surface by passing through vegetal cover.
Factors affecting interception
 Storm factor
 Plant factor
 Season of the year
 Prevailing wind
 Infiltration
• The process in which water is enters into the soil through
top surface layer.
• Water moves downward by two action
a) Gravity force
b) Capillary action
Factor affecting infiltration rate
 Rainfall factor
 Soil factor
 Surface cover factor
 Climate factor
 Water quality
 Runoff
• It is that portion of precipitation which makes its way towards
stream rivers or ocean.
• Runoff occurs only when the rate of precipitation exceeds the
rate at which water may infiltrate into the soil.

Types of Runoff
a) Surface runoff
b) Sub-surface runoff
c) Base flow
 Factors Affecting Runoff
• Climatic Factors
a) Types of precipitation
b) Rainfall intensity
c) Rainfall duration
d) Direction of wind
• Physiographic Factors
a) Size of watershed
b) Shape of watershed
c) Slope of watershed
d) Land use
e) Soil type
THANK YOU