Introduction

The interview was conducted mainly for the fulfillment of the subject Europe I. The
interviewers were tasked by the course instructor to interview a European citizen which is currently
studying in the Philippines and his field of discipline must be in line with the social science. The
goal of the interview is to find out how Europeans think of their own history. The mechanics for
the interview was to be decided by the students of the course, In this way they will be able to
provide a narrative report that fits on what they want to ask the interviewee. The students provided
their own question anchored to European history.

Methodology – Interview

Finding the interviewee who fits the criteria mentioned was not an easy feat as the
interviewers have insufficient resources in securing a European student who fits the role,
Nonetheless the interviewers were lucky to stumble upon an Italian citizen. Together with other
interviewers, the interviewers went led by a Reyvin Sagusay, went to Canossa Tondo Children
Foundation, which is inside of the San Pablo Apostol Parish in Tondo, Manila on August 11. The
interviewers constructed a profile sheet, which is for documentation and three key questions to be
answered. The profile sheet contains question about basic information and it is optional. The key
questions are about the history of Europe and Italy. Upon arriving at the site, the interviewers were
asked by the social workers to wait for the Italians. At around 8:30 the Europeans arrived, the
interview session began and the interviewers guided the Italian, Anna Ronchetti to the function
where the session will be taking place. The interviewee and the interviewers exchanged formalities
and Ms. Ronchetti was briefly oriented by the interviewers and was asked to fill up the profiling
sheet. While Ms. Ronchetti was busy filling up the form, the other Italians can be heard talking
from the outside. The room is well ventilated and well-lighted. Upon finishing the profile sheet,
the interviewers asked the consent of Ms. Ronchetti to be filmed during the session. Without
hesitation Ms. Ronchetti replied with a positive feedback and the interview went underway. The
use of the video was to record the response of the interviewee and for archival purposes. The
procedure of the interviewers in asking the questions was to read the aforementioned question to
Ms. Ronchetti, wait for her to finish writing her response in the answer sheet (which is provided
before the session) and asking her to explain what she wrote. The Interview is all about European
history and what the interviewee thinks of it. The questions aim to understand how Ms. Ronchetti
perceive the history of Europe as a continent. The interviewers also concocted a question relating
the interviewee’s academic discipline in relation to history, the goal of the interviewers here is to
build the foundation in relating the other matters in history as this will help in solidifying the
relationship of the interviewers to the interviewee and thus will result in a first-rate, high-class
discussion
Participant/Key Interviewee

The interviewers were looking for a European student which is currently in the Philippines
and his current education must be in line with the social science. This posed a problem in finding
the optimal interviewee for the interviewers because of its rarity and obscurity as in the time of
finding the correct European student suited for the interview, most of the universities that is the
hub of these Europeans, summer break is still in session. Nevertheless, the interviewers were
fortunate to find a European student which is still studying.

Background of the Interviewee

The interviewee’s name is Anna Ronchetti, she is from Crevalcore. Italy. She is 22 years
of age and she studies medicine which she is currently on her fifth year. She likes to dance and
watch tv series. She wants to be a traumatologist someday

Interview and Discussion

8:00 pm Somewhere in Tondo

Anna: Date? Uh I have to write the year

Rafael: Not the exact date but the year
Anna: Can I, calculate because I cannot do by min
***
Anna: Hobbies and interest? So, do I put a list? Maybe?
John E: It depends on you
Rafael: It’s up to you
(Anna writes on the form)
Anna: So I put my hobby, what I’m studying and my
interests. I do, I write more?
John E: That’s okay
Anna: Okay
Rafael: So you’re taking medicine
Anna: I’m sorry?
John E: You are studying medicine
Anna: Yes I’m studying medicine
John E: You’re still studying right?
Anna: yes
Rafael: How many years is left before you graduate?
Anna: In Italy, uh medicine is uh six years, And I in
September I will start my five, fifth year
John E: Uh this coming September is your fifth year in
Medicine?
Anna: Because in Italy school starts in September and
finish in July
Rafael: So you want to be a doctor
Anna: Yes
Rafael: So here is the first question now, “As a
European what topic or subject in European history
particular in your country are you fascinated with and
why, what event in your history, what year, what era,
what period
Anna: Can I uh read
Rafael: Yes, you can read the questions
Anna: Uh okay good question, I write or I speak?
Rafael: After you write you can speak
John E: You can explain uh what you wrote
Rafael: I think you have an interest with your history
Anna: Okay, so history
John E: We are very interested in European history, we
read many books about European
(Anna continues to write)
Anna: Can I ask a question?
Rafael: Yes, you may
Anna: Do you know the French Revolution?
John E & Rafael: Yes, yes
Anna: What year is it
John E: 18th century
Anna: 1700?
John E: Yes
Anna: I’m not good with dates
Rafael: History is not just about the dates; it is
about what happened
(Rafael smiles)
(Anna continues to write)
Anna: Okay I write about the revolution not only the
French revolution which is the famous one but also the
revolutions that takes place in Italy, where most of
the population composed by the bourgeois takes place in
the society because uh before then there were the
aristocrats and poor then there is the average of this
new kind of society composed of this new person who are
the new and so they have to take this place
John E: Class struggle right
Anna: Yes, they subverted the social parameters okay
Rafael: So why are you fascinated with the French
revolution, for you
Anna: Because not also the history but also the
philosophy behind-
Rafael: Philosophy like what, like what
Anna: Uhhh, at school I have a really good professor of
history so he explain all the really deep meaning of
the revolution uh the political, their philosophy by, I
think this is the year where Humanism appeared so they
start thinking that knowledge is not only for the upper
classes but also for the lower-classes.
John E: The masses
Anna: Yes the masses
Rafael: For you French revolution is about class
struggle, the struggle between who have and who have
not
Anna: Yes
Rafael: Next question is, “What is the importance of
your scholarship in regards to European history or for
example your taking medicine, what is the relation of
your field
Anna: So what is important history in my life? In my
daily life?
John E & Rafael: In your profession
Anna: I think nothing because I decided to study
different
Rafael: Yes because Medicine is a pure science, while
medicine is a social science
Anna: Hmm I can’t really understand the question
(Anna reads the question again)
Anna: What means in regards to
Rafael: What is the significance
Anna: What I mean is in my course I don’t study history
anymore
John E: Let’s say what is the place of history of your
study in history
Rafael: Do you think history is important in medicine
Anna: We study how medicine change
Rafael: Yes you can-
John E: You can historicize how medicine change
Anna; Okay, so I write
(Anna writes her answer)
Anna: I would say that in this subject called history
of medicine
Rafael: Hmm yes something like that
John E: Like how medicine developed
Anna: We study for example the innovation the discovery
of important things, so I write this
Rafael: I think you know a lot of historical
information about medicine
Anna: Yes
Rafael: The more the merrier
(Anna continues to write)
Anna: Okay we study innovation, discovery and also how
in different area in history of human being medicine
was made for example: Egyptian medicine, Medieval
medicine,
John E: So we move on to the next question
(Anna reads the question)
Anna: oh good question, ooh it’s so long the answer
(Anna laughs)
Rafael: If you think the answer is long you can use
this paper
Anna: I’d say a type of question so they say to me it’s
okay or if I have to say more, uh at school the teacher
always says “yes it is important you have to know
history is important” but the things that is very
important is to understand them uh the meaning why
things happen and in case of bad things like fascism
and Nazism and other things like that it is important
to understand political and historical fact that gave
this reason this regime to take up so for not doing the
same wrong thing
John E & Rafael: Yes
Rafael: Yes because history teaches us a lesson, if
something wrong happens in the past then you will
correct that wrong thing
Anna: Yes because political, unfortunately they act in
the same way so how we can prevent the same foes that
we have made in the past, History teach them how we can
do so do not repeat what is wrong
John E & Rafael: Yes
(The ate interrupted the session)
***

(Anna is Writing)
Anna: I, I would say that I write in a very simple way
because I’m not so good in English
John E: It’s okay
Rafael: We’re same I’m not good in English
John E: We’re not that good
(Anna continues on answering)
Anna: How can- Nazism, it’s correct?
John E: Yes
Rafael: By Hitler
Anna: Yes it’s Nazism because I don’t know the English
word okay
Anna: h hold on I have to write the (Italian phrase) in
English
(Proceeds to use her phone to translate)
Anna: Um can I say a thing about it?
John E: Yes
Anna: In particular war for example in Italy we have
problem because there is uh political event that are
taking up our presidents uh person that are really from
the. . . I want to say near fascism but
John E: Uh it’s like alt-right? Right leaning, alt-
right
Anna: I’m trying to
John E: Alt-right, right wing
Anna: Right-wing, yes and so in for example this is a
case in which you can understand your present way by
knowing history I would say.
Rafael: Are you done
Anna: I write what I said before
Rafael: You can explain what you have written, explain
to us
Anna: What I have to explain?
Rafael: What you have written
Anna: Okay, I have to read or to explain?
Rafael: Read then explain the third question
Anna: Only the last one?
Rafael: Yes
Anna: I think that knowing history its really important
not only but the fact itself but you have to understand
deep meaning of facts and why they happen so political
and historical dynamics in history and special case of
bad events like fascism and Nazism, it is important to
not make the same foes as past. Okay
Rafael: So, for you, who is the figure of fascism in
Italy?
Anna: I don’t-
John E: You mentioned Hitler earlier right
Anna: Yes, yes
John E: You mentioned fascism, tell me how the Italians
view Hitler as he was once a friend of Mussolini.
Anna: Yes um in Italy eh it was a really complicated
thing with Mussolini because he, By the population of
the years, Mussolini was like um uh a helper. Because
he makes a lot of things for the low population like
agriculture so it makes a lot of establishments for
poor people which are still going on and it also make
work for agriculture because for example in my place
where there are we have a problem with water
John E: Yeah
Anna: In the, where vegetable comes up what they call
you
Rafael: Farm
Anna: Wait I search, I search on google so
John E: It’s okay
Anna: Ehm , reclamation of the marshes, you do know
what are
Rafael: Uh marsh, like a river
Anna: Because when we need uhm, there are so many water
that goes up, up and so you have to, to make a river
upper so they cannot make water outside. We can say
Mussolini have done many uhm uh structural works okay
so the populations can see this and say “wow what a
great political” But then in, I’m thinking the
equivalent in English because uh in the first period I
would say it’s not good but it is low population then
it suffer about the
(Anna searches for the word)
Anna: Uh they feel the pressure from Germany because
Italy is not at the age of, because it is more poor
than Germany, because Germany is a rich state, a lot.
Anna: So you feel the pressure of Nazism and uh he feel
so near to Hitler so this start uh partnership. And
when it starts all changes so we start the bad things
against Jewish and other things. So, uh what is the
question about Mussolini again?
Rafael: How Italians view Mussolini, In outside Italy,
the people view Mussolini as somewhat evil-
Anna & John E: A dictator
Anna: Because uh, because when he start this
partnership with Germany and Italy they start to take
of rights from people. For example he consults some
article on newspaper so uh the I don’t know how to say
in English, Sorry
(Anna uses her phone to translate)
John E: It is okay
Anna: Uh so for example, he takes of press freedom
John E: Oh yes
Anna: Because they can only publish what the dictator
and the regime say it is okay and it starts of a
political based of socialism so uh they past to past
takes of a right from a person so they cannot be free
anymore so that we call dictator because first of all
is starts with the idea of helping poor people where in
Italy it’s a lot because of world war I. And then uh it
starts to make some not good things and so after that
it was more and more dictator, not so good political.
Anna: You understand what I’m saying
John E & Rafael: Yes
Anna: Because if you don’t understand, You can ask me
and I will repeat because I know this is difficult
John E: We, we what you’re trying to convey
Anna: Okay, okay that’s okay
Rafael: So for you, Mussolini was once a uh good leader
that becomes evil, so being a good leader then he
becomes an evil leader right
Anna: The good things, because I study a lot of it in
High-School its uh it at the beginning it was the mass
the population see him as like as a god or something
like that because they celebrate him, his beauty, by
his masculinity so it is not also a political figure
but an ideal man so it uhm in the Italians thought they
start thinking that he would be the man Italy would
bring to greatness but then it start to not seeing the
thing in the right way so past to past person see him
bad and evil so that’s why he died in a very brutal way
I think they show him in the head in uhm in a camp in
the countryside so he cannot even die in a good way I
think that it’s the idea that the person lose the
confidence with him so they start going against him
Rafael: What is the influence of Nazism in Italy?
John E: How Nazism influenced Italy
Rafael: Because-
Anna: Uh a lot because uhm occupation of Nazism in
Italy and uh for my country it is important especially
in our region which a lot of- In Nazism occupation they
(the people in my region) start going against Nazism, a
lot of revolution made by simple person
Rafael: Who, do you know his name
Anna: , yes I write it down
(Anna writes it down)
Anna: And uhm this is the name Partigiani it’s an
Italian name because there are no translation in
English a group of Partigiani because we have to think
that in Italy in second world war, Germany fight with
Italy and occupate all the north and all the middle of
Italy because Italy is long so we have north, center
and south. The south was free, but the north and center
was occupied with Nazism and in this state, there is a
rebellion called Partigiani that goes against Nazism
and uh it was a really bloody fight because uh each
they always teach at school that for one German soldier
that die they kill ten Italian person
Rafael: Oh that’s very brutal
Anna: Yeah for example they occupate the uh city, the
city they take babies, women older, they take in a
place then they shot one by one.
Anna: And that’s all you want to ask me more?
Rafael: Do you have question (asking John E)
John E: We don’t have anymore question
Anna: Okay
Rafael: Thank you for your time we’re really grateful
for this opportunity, can we have a picture
Anna: A picture, yes
Rafael: A selfie
Anna: Selfie yes
***
(John E and Rafael asked Anna one more question)
John E: present issues or problems in Italy
Anna: I think the big problem is because when you are
especially for young person it is difficult to find a
work that takes you for a lot of age. For example when
you are young you go to an industry they give you five
years of work only
John E: Oh contractual
Anna: Yes so you work for five then after five years
they say no I don’t want you anymore. So after fifth
years of work in a place you have to start again from
zero to another place and so it’s uh really stressful
for us
John E: Oh that’s also one of the issues-
Rafael: here in the Philippines
Anna: Uh the same
John E: But here it is always six months
Rafael: Unlike in Italy where it is five years
Anna: Uh yes because another thing is that o you get a
work you have to get an internship of six months where
you work a lot they pay you less haha little, little
then after six months they say “yes we give you a five
years contract” so its uh-
Rafael: So how do you think the government of Italy
solve that labor problem
Anna: Uhh they only says that they are not doing so
much for this they are no trying to force industry to
give you a long contract by giving you money so
benefits it should take a young for many, many year but
it is not common so they are trying to resolve that
problem but now we don’t see effect so now we have a
big problem but I hope in the future it will be
resolved but I’m not so sure
John E: Here too uh the current president when he was
campaigning he said he will eliminate-
Rafael: Contractualization
John E: But now he broke his promise
Anna: Yes it is common for political make a lot of
thing and when they are voted they don’t do what they
said. It is common really in Italy too unfortunately
Rafael: That’s all, thank you

Data Generation Report

Before the interviewers conduct the interview with Ms. Anna Ronchetti, the social workers
of the San Pablo Apostol Parish foundation office briefly oriented us on how to have a professional
and meaningful conversation with the interviewees. They taught us some basic Italian words being
used in greeting and farewell. They also taught us how to act gently with proper etiquette and
gestures since they are from the culture different from the Filipinos. It was really important for us,
interviewers and key informants, in order to have a fruitful conversation for the fulfillment of the
interviewers’ purposes.

Then after the brief orientation, the Italians arrived at the office. They introduced
themselves one by one and after that, the social workers introduced us and told them the purpose
of our visit: to conduct an interview for academic and learning purposes regarding with the
European history and present issues in their country. After we introduced ourselves to one another,
one of the social worker had assigned to us (Mr. Pamplona and Mr. Matela) Ms. Anna Ronchetti.
It was painted on her face the excitement of being interviewed about European history and
contemporary issues faced by the continent. The interviewers and the key informant greeted one
another and then our group proceeded to the office’s conference room.

At the beginning of the interview, in answering the profiling form, she again introduced
herself, but now more detailed in terms of profession, interests in life, hobbies, and studies. But
unlike in the other form of interview, she preferred to write her answer before she verbally
countered our questions, as if she is preparing her answers and assuring that her sentences are in
correct structures and grammar. As time went by, little by little, she seemed to be a non-English
speaker, because she kept stammering and it was hard for her to find the English words appropriate
for her answers. She could not answer our questions without her written answers. She often used
her phone, particularly Google Translate, to tell her answers in English. But for us interviewers,
we understand her because it is understandable that Italy is not a country aiming for English
proficiency.

But when it comes to the French revolutions, in which Anna Ronchetti told us that it is one
of her favorite topics in their history class because of the philosophy behind it, she was eager to
tell/narrate the French revolution with a Marxist point of view— the struggle between the
bourgeoisie and proletariat. In terms of the relevance of history in her medical profession, she
became confused at first, when we asked the question regarding this. For she thought that medicine
and other pure sciences cannot be compatible with liberal arts and social sciences. But as Mr.
Matela and I explained the question to her, she historicized her field by telling us that they study
the history of medicine.

Later on, we came to asking a question related to her country, Italy. When we asked the
implications of European past in the present issues in the continent, she eagerly particularized her
country. From answering that history teaches us a lesson that would guide them to the future, she
cited the role of Nazism in Italy, pertaining to the ideology as one of the dangerous ideas that
caused turbulence to her country. This time, it caught more of our interest to have a conversation
with her. She explained her answer to us like a teacher, having full knowledge about Italy during
the reign of Nazism. What we have not learned in our high school history came from Anna.

When we talked about Benito Mussolini, Anna gave us a glimpse of how Italians view the
late dictator. Her face while introducing us to Mussolini seemed regretful because for her, the late
dictator was once a good leader, having the support of the population, until he established a
partnership with Germany and started to take the rights of the people. She proved this by stating
that Nazism reign in Italy played a brutal role to the people that resisted lead by Partigiani.

At the end of the interview, despite of the fact that sometimes we could not understand Ms.
Anna Ronchetti’s accent, it was indeed a fruitful opportunity to have an encounter with a person
from a different culture and is well-equipped with her own knowledge in her country’s history.
Anna Ronchetti is a living witness that even though she took the field of medicine, it is still possible
to study and remember Italy’s past.

Analysis

In the interview with Ms. Anna Ronchetti, there are mainly four points of analysis
conceived by the interviewers namely: 1) the French Revolution in a Marxist point of view; 2)
History of medicine; 3) Nazism and fascism in Italy; and 4) contractualization in Italy. These points
of analysis derived by the interviewers from the key informant will be subjected to examination
and historicization.
 As what Ms. Anna Ronchetti said when she answered the question regarding what topic or
subject in European history she is fascinated with, she immediately brought up the French
Revolution, asking us if we knew about it. The reason that the interviewee is fascinated with the
French Revolution is the philosophy in which the revolution is viewed. And this is the philosophy
of Marxism— class struggle. For her, French Revolution was a struggle between bourgeoisie and
proletariat, the upper class and the lower class. But first, what is Marxism? Marxism is a method
of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist
interpretation of development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation. Therefore,
Marxist philosophy synthesizes the society being composed by the upper class and the lower class
with materialist perspective. For Karl Marx, societies emerged with class struggle: from the times
of primitive community, some men of capability exploited the goods and production of their
society. And as time goes by, the exploitation of these men continued— from being masters in
slave societies, landlords in feudal system, until now the capitalist societies. Anna Ronchetti
applied this Marxist philosophy in the French Revolution and scholarly, it is called “Marxist
historiography”. The role of Marxist Historiography in the French Revolution is to highlight the
actions of the masses to initiate and perform the revolution. For instance, on the fifth of October
1789, when six or seven thousand women of Paris marched in the pouring rain to Versailles to
demand bread and force the king to move to Paris. This movement of French women in one of the
decisive movements of French revolutions emphasizes that those who have no prominent place in
the society can affect the status quo. There were also the secret club and society composed by
masses to debate the burning issues, to listen to the most popular leaders, and to decide. Famous
of these clubs and revolutionary societies is the Jacobin club in Paris. In August 1792, the working
class in Paris decided to storm the Tuileries and arrest the king. They set up a “commune” and it
was dominated by the working class. This commune pressured the few in power and it pushed for
the National Convention in 1792. This was the motor-force that propelled the revolution forward.

Ms. Anna Ronchetti, for the next part of the analysis, as she takes medicine course in Italy,
emphasized that in studying medicine, they also study the development of medical profession and
the innovation, discovery of medicine in different civilizations, e.g. medieval medicine and
Egyptian medicine. In highlighting this, we can conclude that history is really important in
studying medicine. There are certain factors that underlined the place of history in medicine. The
reexamination of historical data has been used as a means of elucidating the effect of early life
events of long-term health experience. The understanding of how public health practitioners can
influence the health of human communities requires knowledge of how public health practice
evolved, its successes and failures. After all, knowledge of the past would guide us in the present
to innovate and discover more for the progress of medical profession and disease treatment.

The third point of analysis talks about Nazism, Mussolini, and Partigiani Movement in
Italy. This point is connected to the question regarding the implications of European past to the
present issues of the continent. The interviewee told us that in understanding history, you go to
deeper to the meaning of the facts, and the dynamics of politics in history. Ronchetti used fascism
and Nazism as examples in order to prevent these kind of foes. As what she said, the past presidents
of Italy have the characteristics of becoming fascists. Thus, the interviewee perhaps saying to us
that the ideology of fascism still existed in the higher political positions in Italy. Moreover, as she
introduced to us who Mussolini was, we have found out that the great dictator was one good leader
of Italy. This is proven by the structural works done by Mussolini that benefited most of the
population then. But all of these had changed when Mussolini established partnership with Hitler.
Mussolini was a great admirer of Hitler, especially in his early years as the leader of the Nazi party.
Vice versa, Hitler admired Mussolini’s “March on Rome” in 1922 which was a protest to support
Mussolini in his appointment as prime minister. But later on, Italians felt the pressures from
Germany when Nazism had its partnership with Mussolini, taking the rights from the people from
these historical events. Italians’ view on Benito Mussolini changed and they labeled him as a
dictator. In the first place, the Italian population celebrate him messiahnically because they thought
that he would be the man who would bring Italy to glory. But history judged Mussolini— according
to Ronchetti herself that the contemporaries of Mussolini viewed him as evil and bad that caused
his brutal death. Ronchetti also told us the role played by Nazism in Italy. This alien ideology
caused the emergence of the Partigiani (partisans in English), a revolutionary group that resisted
the Nazi rule in Italy. This resistant group opposed the Nazi and they always executed those who
were involved in this movement. This violent occurrence between Italy and Germany shows to us
that once a powerful nation has its own interests in the other, the people who had no prominent
place in their society. This was proven by the partisans who were against the dictatorship or one-
man rule being controlled by an alien power.

Lastly, the fourth part of analysis tackles about the most burning issue in Italy according
to the point of view of Ms. Anna Ronchetti— contractualization. We all know that the issue of
contractualization is hotly debated in the Philippines. But as we asked our last question to the
interviewee, we found out that the issue of contractualization is not an isolated case in the
Philippines. But the difference is, in Italy, the most common length of labor tenure is five years
while in the Philippines is six months! Here we see that the contractualization in other countries
could be tolerable, for the years given to the employees are too much longer than six months
contract. But the Italians still view contractualization in their country as a problem despite the
tenure’s length. Moreover, unfortunately according to her, the Italian government does nothing to
force the industries to give them a permanent contract of labor. Likewise in the Philippines, the
promise to end contractualization failed and the reported abuse of laborers and workers is still
spreading.

Conclusion

The interview with Ms. Anna Ronchetti surprised us alot of things that we do not know
about the European history and contemporary issues. The interviewers' encounter with her is really
beneficial for us as we walk on the path of the discipline of History. This experience taught us that
you cannot feel the things that you read in books if you do not encounter a person who has personal
knowledge with regards to the history and present issues of the European continent. In one way or
another, all the information she disseminated to us are helpful and important.

The four points of analysis we have derived from the interviewee help the interviewers to have a
new perspective on studying the European history. First, Ronchetti said that the French Revolution
has the philosophy of struggle between those who-haves and have-nots. In this instance, the
interviewers-wannabe-historians could use the Marxist theory of class struggle. Because of this,
history is not just about narration but also putting certain perspective to specific events. Second,
the interviewers gained a strong idea that history cannot be separated or cannot be conflicting with
pure sciences such as medicine. Despite the fact that History is a branch of liberal arts, we cannot
deny that this is really a great help to all the disciplines, whether in pure sciences, social sciences
or liberal arts. Because in history, man can trace back to the old times up to the present the
development and progress that happened through the centuries. Third, because of the interview,
we can say that history is our guide for the action and decision that we will make in the present for
the future. All the wrongdoings and failures of the past and all the victories and triumphs have
their implications to the present times. Nazism, Facism, and Mussolini as examples, guides the
Italians on how to correct the mistakes of the past in order for them to avoid hostilities and
violence. Perhaps that's one of the reasons why Ronchetti answered the questions regarding these
with eagerness, as if she was teaching us their history. And fourth, the interviewer found out a
common ground between Italy and the Philippines—contractualization. It is new to the
interviewers that Italy undergoes the problem of contractualization. Ronchetti view this as a
problem even though this contractualization has a long period of time. Unlike in the Philippines,
there are only six months that would be given to the applicant. Like many of the Filipinos,
Ronchetti still hoping for the end and resolving of the contractualization issue in her country.

To sum it up, this interview with Ms. Anna Ronchetti is a very fruitful conversation. Despite of
the fact that Ronchetti and the interviewers came from two different cultures, knowledges and
interests in history of one another bound us in that moment. The interaction between us is an
important happening for the continuous narration of man's history.