Technological Institute of the Philippines

Screw Heat
Equipment Tag SX-101 Equipment Name
Exchanger 1
Objective To increase the temperature of the sodium bicarbonate
crystals in preparation for the calcination unit.

11

21

Inlet Stream

Stream 11, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
NaCl(aq) 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00
H2O(l) 7,649.94 12.84 425.00 39.69
NH4Cl(aq) 3,947.45 6.63 73.85 6.90
NaHCO3(s) 46,609.09 78.25 554.87 51.81
NH4HCO3(s) 1,355.71 2.28 17.16 1.60
Total 59,562.40 100.00 1,070.88 100.00

Outlet Stream

Stream 21, kg/hr & kmole/hr

Composition Mass Mass % kMole Mole %
NaCl(aq) 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00
H2O(l) 7,649.94 12.84 425.00 39.69
NH4Cl(aq) 3,947.45 6.63 73.85 6.90
NaHCO3(s) 46,609.09 78.25 554.87 51.81
NH4HCO3(s) 1,355.71 2.28 17.16 1.60
Total 59,562.40 100.00 1,070.88 100.00
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Data:

Stream Pressure (kPa) Temperature ( oC)

11 101.325 30
21 101.325 70

Enthalpy Balance:

QTotal = QFeed + QProduct

Calculations:

Solving for 𝐐𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝 ,

QFeed = QSC + QW + QAC + QSB + QAB

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐂 ,

cal
Cp SC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

Table 8.4. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Chloride

C1 10.79
C2 0.00420

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

298.15
QSC = mSC ∫ Cp SC dT
303.15

298.15
QSC = mSC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
303.15

kg 298.15
QSC = 0.21 ∫ (10.79 + 0.00420T)dT
hr 303.15

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kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QSC = 0.21 (−60.26 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐠
𝐐𝐒𝐂 = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟏
𝐡𝐫
Where 𝐐𝐖 ,

J
Cp W ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

298.15
QW = mW ∫ Cp W dT
303.15

298.15
QW = mW ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
303.15

QW
298.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
= 7,649.94 ∫
303.15 −06T 4 )dT

kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW = (7,649.94 ) (376,738.05 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐖 = −𝟏𝟔𝟎, 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝟒
𝐡𝐫

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 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Where 𝐐𝐀𝐂 ,

cal
Cp AC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mol − K

Table 8.8. Constant for Heat Capacity Ammonium Chloride

C1 9.80
C2 0.0368

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

298.15
QAC = mAC ∫ Cp AC dT
303.15

298.15
QAC = mAC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
303.15

kg 298.15
QAC = 3,947.45 ∫ (9.80 + 0.0368T)dT
hr 303.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QAC = 3,947.45 (−104.32 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐀𝐂 = −𝟑𝟏, 𝟔𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟓
𝐡𝐫
Where 𝐐𝐒𝐁 ,

kJ
Cp SB ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.10. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Bicarbonate

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C1 1.01

Reference:

298.15
QSB = mSB ∫ Cp SB dT
303.15

298.15
QSB = mSB ∫ (C1)dT
303.15

kg 298.15
QSB = 46,609.09 ∫ (1.01)dT
hr 303.15

kg kJ
QSB = 46,609.09 (−5.03 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐁 = −𝟐𝟑𝟒, 𝟔𝟎𝟔. 𝟖𝟔
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐀𝐁 ,

kJ
Cp AB ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.9. Constant for Heat Capacity Ammonium Bicarbonate

C1 1.67

Reference:

298.15
QAB = mAB ∫ Cp AB dT
303.15

298.15
QAB = mAB ∫ (C1)dT
303.15

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kg 298.15
QAB = 1,355.71 ∫ (1.67)dT
hr 303.15

kg kJ
QAB = 1,355.71 (−8.35 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐠
𝐐𝐀𝐁 = −𝟏𝟏, 𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟏
𝐡𝐫

QFeed = QSC + QW + QAC + QSB + QAB

QFeed = −0.91 + −160,112.34 + −31,619.65 + −234,606.86

+ −11,320.21

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝 = −𝟒𝟑𝟕, 𝟔𝟓𝟗. 𝟗𝟔
𝐡𝐫

Solving for 𝐐𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 ,

QProduct = QSC + QW + QAC + QSB + QAB

Where 𝐐𝐒𝐂 ,

cal
Cp SC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mole − K

Table 8.4. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Chloride

C1 10.79
C2 0.00420

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

343.15
QSC = mSC ∫ Cp SC dT
298.15

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 Technological Institute of the Philippines

343.15
QSC = mSC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
298.15

kg 343.15
QSC = 15.58 ∫ (10.79 + 0.00420T)dT
hr 298.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QSC = 0.21 (558.39 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐠
𝐐𝐒𝐂 = 𝟖. 𝟒𝟑
𝐡𝐫
Where 𝐐𝐖 ,

J
Cp W ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
kmole − K

Table 8.5. Constant for Heat Capacity of Liquid Water

C1 276370
C2 -2090.1
C3 8.125
C4 -0.014116
C5 9.3701E-06

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

343.15
QW = mW ∫ Cp W dT
298.15

343.15
QW = mW ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
298.15

QW
343.15
(276370 − 2090.1T + 8.125T 2 − 0.014116T 3 + 9.3701E
= 7,7649.94 ∫
298.15 −06T 4 )dT

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kg J 1 kJ 1 kmole
QW = (7,649.94 ) ( 3463679.44 )( )( )
hr kmole 1000 J 0.01802 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐖 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟕𝟐, 𝟎𝟓𝟏. 𝟓𝟐
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐀𝐂 ,

cal
Cp AC ( ) = C1 + C2T
mol − K

Table 8.8. Constant for Heat Capacity Ammonium Chloride

C1 9.80
C2 0.0368

Reference: Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, Perry's

Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th Edition

343.15
QAC = mAC ∫ Cp AC dT
298.15

343.15
QAC = mAC ∫ (C1 + C2T)dT
298.15

kg 343.15
QAC = 3,947.45 ∫ (9.80 + 0.0368T)dT
hr 298.15

kg cal 4.184 J 1kJ 1 mole

QAC = 3,947.45 (994.44272 )( )( )( )
hr mole 1 cal 1000J 0.05845 kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐀𝐂 = 𝟑𝟎𝟏, 𝟒𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟕
𝐡𝐫
Where 𝐐𝐒𝐁 ,

kJ
Cp SB ( ) = C1
kg − K

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 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Table 8.10. Constant for Heat Capacity Sodium Bicarbonate

C1 1.01

Reference:

343.15
QSB = mSB ∫ Cp SB dT
298.15

343.15
QSB = mSB ∫ (C1)dT
298.15

kg 343.15
QSB = 46,609.09 ∫ (1.01)dT
hr 298.15

kg kJ
QSB = 46,609.09 (46.31 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐒𝐁 = 𝟐, 𝟏𝟓𝟖, 𝟑𝟖𝟑. 𝟏𝟏
𝐡𝐫

Where 𝐐𝐀𝐁 ,

kJ
Cp AB ( ) = C1
kg − K

Table 8.9. Constant for Heat Capacity Ammonium Bicarbonate

C1 1.67

Reference:

343.15
QAB = mAB ∫ Cp AB dT
298.15

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343.15
QAB = mAB ∫ (C1)dT
298.15

kg 343.15
QAB = 1,355.71 ∫ (1.67)dT
hr 298.15

kg kJ
QAB = 1,355.71 (76.82 )
hr kg

𝐤𝐠
𝐐𝐀𝐁 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒, 𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟗𝟐
𝐡𝐫

QProduct = QSC + QW + QAC + QSB + QAB

QProduct = 8.43 + 1,472,051.52 + 301,419.17 + 2,158,383.11

+ 104,145.92

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 = 𝟒, 𝟎𝟑𝟔, 𝟎𝟎𝟖. 𝟏𝟓
𝐡𝐫
Solving for 𝐐𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 ,

QTotal = QFeed + QProduct

QTotal = −437,659.96 + 4,036,008.15

𝐤𝐉
𝐐𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 = 𝟑, 𝟓𝟗𝟖, 𝟑𝟒𝟖. 𝟏𝟗
𝐡𝐫

Steam Requirement

QTotal = QS
343.15
QS = mS ∫ Cp S dT
303.15

Table 8.11. Operating Parameters of Steam for Screw Heat Exchanger

Operating Pressure 101.325 kPa

Inlet Temperature 180oC

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Outlet Temperature 130oC

Solving for 𝐦𝐒 ,

J
Cp S ( ) = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4
mole − K

Table 8.3. Constant for Heat Capacity of Steam

C1 33.933
C2 -0.00842
C3 3.00E-04
C4 -1.78E-08
C5 3.69E-12

Reference: Table 2. Heat Capacity of Gas - Organic and Inorganic

Compounds. Yaws, C. L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook.

343.15
J
QS = mS ∫ Cp S ( ) dT
303.15 mole − K

343.15
QS = mS ∫ (C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C5T 4 )dT
303.15

343.15
(33.933 − 0.00842T + (3.00E − 04)T 2 − (1.78E − 08)T 3
QS = mS ∫
303.15 + (3.69E − 12)T 4 )dT

J 1 kJ 1 mole 1000 g
QS = mS (−4,971.07 )( )( )( )
mole 1000 J 18.02 g 1 kg

kJ
3,598,348.19 = mS (−276.17 )
kg

kJ
QTotal = 3,598,348.19 = mS (−276.17 )
kg

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kJ
999.54 kW = mS (−276.17 )
kg
𝐤𝐠
𝐦𝐒 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟐
𝐬

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