dWo:ytf P]g, @)%%

nfndf] x/ / k| sfzg ldlt

@)%^.!.@
@)%^ ;fnsf] P] g g+ = !

!= s]xL g] kfn P] gnfO{ ;+zf] wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$ @)^$.%.(

dWo:ytf ;DaGwdf sfg"g L Joj:yf ug{ ag]s f] P]g

k| :tfjgf M dWo:ytf ;DaGwL k| r lnt sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;dofg' s" n agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf] n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb] jsf] zf;gsfnsf] ;QfO;f}+ jif{df ;+ ;bn] of] P]g
agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b – !
k| f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P] gsf] gfd ædWo:ytf P]g , @)%%Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g t' ?Gt k| f/De x'g] 5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu] df o; P]g df,–
-s_ æ;D´f}tfÆ eGgfn] s/f/ ePsf] jf gePsf] s'g} lglZrt sfg"g L ;DaGwsf
ljifodf tTsfn p7] sf] jf eljiodf p7\g ;Sg] ljjfbnfO{ dWo:ytfåf/f
;dfwfg u/fpgsf] nflu kIfx? aLr ePsf] lnlvt ;xdlt ;D´g' k5{ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of] hgsf] nflu b]x fosf s'g} lnvt ePdf kIfx?
aLr lnlvt ;xdlt ePsf] dflgg]5 M–
-!_ dWo:ysf] k| fjwfg ;d] t Joj:yf u/L ePsf] s' g} s/f/ jf tT;DaGwdf
ePsf] cGo s'g} 5' §} ;D´f} tf,
-@_ dWo:ynfO{ ljjfb ;'D kg] u/L kIfx? aLr cfbfg k|b fg ePsf] kq,
∇
6] n]S;, 6] nLu| fd, 6] nLkmofS; jf lnlvt clen] v /xg ;Sg] To:t}
k| s[ltsf cGo b"/ ;~rf/ dfWodx?,

∇
s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+ zf]w g ug]{ P] g, @)^$ 4f/f ;+zf] wg .

1
 -#_ s'g} kIfn] s'g} ljjfb dWo:ytfnfO{ ;' D kg] u/L bfjL k] z u/]s f] df ;f]
bfjL pk/ k|l tjfb ug]{ kIfn] dWo:ynfO{ ljjfb ;'D kg] ;DaGwdf
OGsf/ gu/L k] z ePsf] k|l tjfb .
-v_ ækIfÆ eGgfn] dWo:ytf;+ u ;DalGwt s' g} kIf ;D´g' k5{ .
-u_ ælhNnf cbfntÆ eGgfn] ;D´f} tfdf dWo:ytf x'g] 7fpF tf]lsPsf] df ;f]
7fpF sf] / To:tf] 7fpF gtf]l sPsf] d f ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] jf dWo:ytfsf]
sf/afxL / lg0f{o ePsf] jf ;fwf/0ftof s'g} kIf a;f] af; u/L cfPsf]
7fpF sf] k| fb]l zs If] q flwsf/ ePsf] lhNnf cbfnt ;D´g' k5{ .
-3_ æk' g/fj]bg cbfntÆ eGgfn] ;D´f}tfdf dWo:ytf x'g] 7fpF tf]lsPsf] df ;f]
7fpF sf] / To:tf] 7fpF gtf]l sPsf] d f ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] jf dWo:ytfsf]
sf/afxL / lg0f{o ePsf] jf s'g} kIf ;fwf/0ftof a;f] af; u/L cfPsf]
7fpF sf] k| fb]l zs If] q flwsf/ ePsf] k'g/fj] bg cbfnt ;D´g' k5{ .
-ª_ æljjfbÆ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]l hd dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg] ljjfb
;D´g' k5{ .
-r_ æk|l tbfjLÆ eGgfn] bfjL ug]{ kIf pk/ k|ltjfb ug]{ kIfn] u/]s f] bfjL ;D´g'
k5{ .
-5_ æk| To'l QmÆ eGgfn] k|l tjfbL lj?4 bfjL ug]{ kIfn] u/] sf] k|l tjfb ;D´g' k5{ .
-h_ ædWo:yÆ eGgfn] ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] nflu lgo'Qm dWo:y ;D´g' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] dWo:yx?sf] ;d"x ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
kl/R5]b – @
dWo:ytfåf/f ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg
#= dWo:ytfåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} ;D´f} tfdf dWo:ytfåf/f
ljjfb ;dfwfg ul/g] Joj:yf ePsf] df To:tf] ;D´f} tf jf ;f] cGt/utsf ljifo;+ u
;DalGwt ljjfb ;D´f} tfdf g} sfo{ljlw pNn] v ePsf] d f ;f] xL adf]l hd /
gePsf]d f o; P]g adf]l hd dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf]
k| rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ldnfkq x'g ;Sg] Jofkfl/s k| s[l tsf] s' g} b] jfgL d'2f

2
 ;DalGwt kIfx?n] dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg ul/kfpFm egL] lgj] bg lbPdf To:tf] ljjfb
;d] t dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
$= d'2fsf] nut sf6\
sf6g
\ ] M -!_ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg
u/fpg rfx] sf] ljjfbsf] ljifodf bfo/ /x] sf] d'2 fsf] nut sf6\g cbfntn] cfb]z
lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]x fosf] cj:yfdf
cbfntn] d'2 fsf] nut sf6\ g] cfb] z lbg] 5} g M–
-s_ dWo:ytf x'g ;Sg] ljifosf] ;fy ;fy} dWo:ytf x' g g;Sg] ljifodf
klg lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ b]l vPdf, jf
-v_ dWo:ytfåf/f ljjfbsf] lg0f{ o x'g g;Sg] s' g} dgfl;a sf/0f b]l vPdf .

kl/R5]b – #
dWo:ysf] lgo'lQm / sfof{no
%= dWo:ysf] ;+Vof
o M -!_ ;D´f} tfdf dWo:ysf] ;+ Vof tf]lsPsf] df ;f]xL adf]l hd /
gtf]l sPsf] df ;fdfGotof tLghgf dWo:yx? /xg]5 g\ .
-@_ ;D´f}tf adf]l hd lgo' Qm ePsf dWo:yx?sf] ;+ Vof ;d ePdf
To:tf dWo:yx?n] /f]h]sf] s'g} Ps JolQm ykL dWo:ysf] ;+Vof ljifd ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
^= dWo:ysf] lgo'lQm M -!_ ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf] d f afx] s dWo:ytfåf/f
ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg u/fpg' kg]{ sf/0f pTkGg ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq dWo:y
lgo'Qm ug]{ k| s[o f z' ? ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ;D´f} tfdf dWo:y x' g] JolQmsf] gfd pNn] v ePsf] df ;D´f} tfdf
plNnlvt JolQm g} dWo:y lgo' Qm ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
-#_ ;D´f} tfdf dWo:y lgo' Qm ug]{ ;DaGwdf s'g} 5' §} Joj:yf ePsf] /x]5
eg] ;f]x L adf]l hd dWo:y lgo' Qm ul/g]5 .
-$_ ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf] df afx]s k|To] s kIfn] Ps Pshgf
dWo:y lgo'Qm ug]{5g\ / To;/L lgo' Qm ePsf dWo:yx?åf/f lgo' Qm t] ;|f] dWo:yn]
d' Vo dWo:y eO{ sfd ug]{ 5 .

3
&= cbfntåf/f dWo:ysf] lgo'lQm
lQm M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} kIfn] dWo:ysf]
lgo'lQmsf] nflu k' g/fj] bg cbfntdf lgj] bg lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;D´f} tfdf pNn] v ePsf] k|s[ of ckgfpF bf dWo:y lgo' Qm x'g
g;s] d f .
-v_ ;D´f} tfdf dWo:y lgo'l Qm ug]{ ;DaGwdf s' g} s'/ f pNn] v gePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lbOg] lgj] bgdf dWo:y x'g ;Sg] sDtLdf
tLghgf JolQmsf] gfd, y/, jtg, k]z f / lghsf] ljz]i f1tfsf] If] q ;d] t v' nfpg'
kg]{ 5 / To:tf] lgj]b g ;fy ;D´f} tfsf] k|l tlnlk ;d] t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lgj]bg k| fKt ePkl5 k'g /fj] bg cbfntn] ;a}
kIfnfO{ ;" rgf lbO{ dWo:y x'g] JolQmsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] dt}So
ePdf ltgLx?n] k|: tfj u/] sf] JolQmnfO{ / dt}So x'g g;s] df k'g/fj]b g cbfntn]]
pko' Qm 7x¥ofPsf] JolQmnfO{ To:tf] lgj]bg k| fKt ePsf] ;f7L lbgleq dWo:y
lgo'Qm ug]{ 5 . To;/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] u/]s f] lg0f{ o clGtd x'g] 5 .
*= ljz]if kl/l:yltdf dWo:ysf] k"lt{
t M -!_ dWo:ytfsf] nflu lgo' Qm ePsf] s'g}
dWo:yn] /fhLgfdf lbPdf jf dWo:y x'g OGsf/ u/] df jf lghsf] d[ To' ePdf jf
cGo s'g} sf/0fn] lghsf] :yfg l/Qm x'g uPdf To;/L :yfg l/Qm ePsf] ;fwf/0ftM
tL; lbgleq ;f] :yfg lgh lgo' Qm x'Fb fs} k|s[ of cg' ;f/ csf]{ dWo:y lgo' Qm u/L
k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq dWo:ysf] l/Qm :yfgsf] k"l t{ x'g
g;s] df To:tf] Dofb gf3] s f] kGw| lbgleq s' g} kIfn] k'g /fj] bg cbfntdf lgj]bg
lbg ;Sg] 5 . To:tf] lgj] bg k/] sf] df ;fwf/0ftM kGw| lbgleq k'g/fj]bg cbfntn]
bkmf & sf] cwLgdf /xL dWo:y lgo'Qm ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
(= dWo:yn] zky lng' kg]{ M -!_ dWo:ytfsf] sfd sf/afxL z' ? ug'{ cl3 dWo:yn]
cg' ;"rLdf pNn] v eP cg' ;f/ lgikIftf tyf OdfGbfl/tfsf] b' O{ k|l t lnlvt zkydf
b:tvt ug'{ kg]{ 5 / To:tf] zkysf] Ps k|l t ldl;n ;fy /fvL csf]{ Ps k|lt
k'g/fj] bg cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-@_ s'g} klg dWo:yn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd zky lng' cl3 lghn] ;dfwfg
ug'{ kg]{ ljjfbsf ;DaGwdf lghsf] lgikIftf jf :jtGqtfsf ;DaGwdf dgfl;a

4
 dflkmssf] z+ sf ug'{ kg]{ s'g} s' /f ePdf ;f] s' /f ;DalGwt kIfx?sf] hfgsf/Ldf
Nofpg' kg]{5 .
!)= dWo:ysf] cof]Uotf M b]xfosf] JolQm dWo:y lgo' Qm x' gsf] lgldQ of] Uo x'g] 5}g M–
-s_ k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd s/f/ ug{ cof]U o ePsf],
-v_ g}lts ktg b]l vg] kmf} Hbf/L s;" /df cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPsf] ,
-u_ ;fx' s f] bfdf;fxLdf k/]s f] jf 6f6 pN6]s f] ,
-3_ dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg x'g'kg]{ ljjfbsf] ljifodf s'g} :jfy{ ePsf] ,
-ª_ s'g} ;D´f} tfdf dWo:y lgo' Qm x'g sf] nflu s'g} vf; of]U otf tf]l sPsf] /x]5
eg] To:tf] of] Uotf gk' u]sf] .
!!= dWo:ynfO{ x6fpg ;lsg]
;lsg M -!_ dWo:ynfO{ x6fpg] cj:yf / sfo{l jlw ;D´f} tfdf
pNn] v eP adf]l hd x' g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ;D´f} tfdf cj:yf / sfo{l jlw pNn] v gul/Psf]
eP b]x fosf] s' g} cj:yfdf dWo:ynfO{ x6fO{ kfpF egL s'g} kIfn] dWo:y lgo'Qm
ePsf] jf lghsf] sfd sf/afxL o; pkbkmf adf]l hd gePsf] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn]
kGw| lbgleq dWo:y ;dIf lgj] bg lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} dWo:yn] lgikIf ?kn] sfd gu/L s' g} kIfk|lt ´' s fj /fv]sf] jf
kIfkft u/]sf] :ki6 b]l vPdf,
-v_ s'g} dWo:yn] dWo:ytfsf] sf/afxLdf cg'l rt cfr/0f jf hfn;fh
u/] df,
-u_ s'g} dWo:yn] dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf a/fa/ q'l 6 jf
clgoldttf u/] d f,
-3_ s'g} dWo:yn] dWo:ytfsf] sfd sf/afxL cg'lrt ?kdf nDAofpg]
jf l9nfO{ ug]{ p2]Zon] dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f gb]v fO{ tLg k6s
eGbf a9L dWo:ysf] a} 7sdf pkl:yt gePdf jf a}7ssf] sfd
sf/afxLdf efu lng OGsf/ u/] df,
-ª_ s'g} dWo:yn] k| fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt jf lgodsf] k|l ts" n x'g] sfo{
u/] df, jf
-r_ s'g} dWo:ysf] of]U otf gk' u]s f] ePdf jf of] Uotf g/x] df .

5
 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd lgj] bg kg{ cfPdf x6fpg dfu ul/Psf]
dWo:yn] :j]R5fn] kb Tofu gu/] df jf x6fpg dfu u/] sf cfwf/ pk/ csf]{ kIf
;xdt gePdf dWo:yn] ;f] ;DaGwdf lgj]bg k/]sf] tL; lbgleq lg0f{o ug'{
kg]{ 5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf ph'/ nfUg]5 /
;f] cbfntn] u/] sf] cfb]z clGtd x'g]5 .
!@= dWo:ysf] sfof{no /xg] :yfg M -!_ dWo:ysf] sfof{ no b]x fosf] :yfgdf /xg] 5 M–
-s_ ;D´f} tfdf dWo:ysf] sfof{ no /xg] :yfg pNn] v ePsf]d f ;f] xL
:yfgdf .
-v_ ;D´f} tfdf dWo:ysf] sfof{ no /xg] :yfg pNn] v gePsf] d f kIfx?n]
/f] h]sf] :yfgdf .
-u_ dWo:y lgo' Qm ePsf] kGw| lbgleq kIfx?n] To:tf] :yfg g/f] h]df jf
To; ;DaGwdf kIfx?sf aLr dt}So gePdf ;Dk"0f{ ;Da4
kl/l:yltnfO{ ljrf/ u/L dWo:yn] tf] s]s f] :yfgdf .
-@_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h' g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg kIfx?n] cGoyf
Joj:yf u/]s f] d f afx]s ;fIfLsf] jskq u/fpg, ljz]i f1sf] /fo lng, s' g} lnvt,
j:t' jf :yfg lg/LIf0f ug{ ;'ljwf x' g] cGo s'g} pko' Qm :yfgdf ;d] t dWo:yx?n]
cfk;df 5nkmn u/L d' sfd tf]Sg ;Sg] 5g\ .
!#= dWo:ysf] sfd sf/afxLdf k|of]u x'g] efiff M dWo:yn] cfÇgf] sfd sf/afxLdf
k|of] u ug]{ efiff ;D´f} tfdf pNn] v ePsf] df ;f]x L adf]l hd / pNn] v gePsf] df
kIfx?n] cfk;df 5nkmn u/L lgwf{/ 0f u/] sf] efiff x'g] 5 / To;/L lgwf{/ 0f x'g
g;s] df ;D´f} tfdf k|o f] u ul/Psf] efiff dWo:ysf] sfd sf/afxLdf k|of] u x'g] efiff
x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b – $
dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/afxL / dWo:ysf] clwsf/
!$= bfjL, k|ltbfjL, k|ltjfb jf k|To'lQm k]z ug]{ M -!_ ;D´f}tfdf bfjL k] z ug]{ Dofb
pNn] v ePsf]d f ;f]xL Dofbleq / s'g} Dofb pNn] v geO{ dWo:y x' g] JolQmsf]
gfd;Dd pNn] v ePsf] df dWo:ytf u/fpg' kg]{ ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] ldltn] /

6
 ljjfb v8f ePkl5 dWo:y lgo' Qm ePsf] d f dWo:y lgo' Qm ePsf] ldltn] tLg
dlxgfleq bfjL k] z ug'{ kg]{ 5 . To;/L bfjL k]z ubf{ kIfn] s'g s' /fdf dte]b
ePsf] xf] / s' g s'/ f u/fO{ kfpg rfx]sf] xf] ;f] v' nfO{ k| df0f ;lxt dWo:y ;dIf
cfkmgf] bfjL lnlvt ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To:sf] Psk|l t csf]{ kIfnfO{ ;d] t lbg'
kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfjL k]z ePkl5 ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf
ePsf] df afx]s csf]{ kIfn] bfjL k|fKt u/] s f] tL; lbgleq To:tf] bfjL pk/ k|ltjfb
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq csf]{ kIfn] k|l tjfb / ;f] ;DaGwdf
lghsf] s' g} k|l tbfjL eP ;f] ;d] t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / lghn] k|l tbfjL ;d] t k] z u/]df
dWo:yn] To:tf] k|l tbfjL pk/ k|To'lQm k]z ug{ bfjL k] z ug]{ kIfnfO{ kGw| lbgsf]
Dofb lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L k|To'lQm k] z ePsf] df k|ltbfjL k]z ug]{ kIfnfO{ To;sf]
Psk|l t pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq s'g} kIfn] cfkmgf] sfa'
aflx/sf] kl/l:yltn] ubf{= =======
, k|l tjfb jf k|To'lQm k] z ug{ g;s] df To;sf]
dgfl;a sf/0f v' nfO{ To:tf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq Dofb yksf]
nflu dWo:y ;dIf lgj] bg lbg ;Sg] 5 / lgj] bgdf plNnlvt sf/0f dgfl;a
b]lvPdf dWo:yn] ∇lgj]b g dfu adf]l hd dgfl;a Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]l hd bfjL, k|l tbfjL jf k|l tjfb jf k|To'lQm k] z ubf{ ;f]
ljjfb ;DaGwL ;a} lnvt tyf To;nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ s'g} ;a" b k|df0f eP ;f] ;d] t
k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 . kIfx?n] s'g} s'/ f ;fIfLåf/f k|d fl0ft ug{ u/fpg rfx]d f bfjL,
k|ltbfjL, k|ltjfb jf k| To'l Qmdf ;fIfLsf] gfd, y/, jtg ;d] t v' nfpg' kg]{ 5 /
dWo:yn] tf] s]s f] lbg To:tf ;fIfLnfO{ ;DalGwt kIf cfkm} n] dWo:y ;dIf pkl:yt
u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-^_ o; P] g adf]l hd k| To] s kIfn] dWo:ytfsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ;Gbe{df
dWo:y ;dIf bflvn u/] sf sfuhftx?sf] k|l tlnlk csf]{ kIfnfO{ lbg' kg]{ 5 .

s]xL g]kfn P] gnfO{ ;+zf] wg ug]{ P] g, @)^$ 4f/f lemlsPsf] .
∇
s]x L g]kfn P] gnfO{ ;+zf] wg ug]{ P] g, @)^$ 4f/f ;+zf]w g .

7
!%= dWo:ytfsf] sf/afxL cGTo jf hf/L x'g] cj:yf M kIfx?n] cGoyf Joj:yf u/]s f] df
afx]s b]x fosf] cj:yfdf dWo:ytfsf] sf/afxL cGTo jf hf/L x'g] 5 M–
-s_ bfjLstf{ n] bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq bfjL k] z gu/] df
dWo:ysf] sfd sf/afxL cGTo x' g]5 .
-v_ bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] Dofbleq k|l tjfb k] z geP tfklg ;f]xL
sf/0fn] dfq k|ltbfjL k]z gug]{ kIfn] jfbL bfjL :jLsf/ u/] sf] dflgg] 5} g
/ bfjLstf{s f] bfjL / ;f] bfjL k'i6L ug{ k] z ePsf k|d f0fsf] d" Nof+s g x' g]
u/L dWo:yn] cfkmgf] sf/afxL hf/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-u_ dWo:yn] tf]s]sf] ;' g'j fO{ s f avt s'g} kIf pkl:yt gePdf jf lnlvt
k| df0f bflvnf gu/] df k]z x'g cfPsf k| df0fx?sf] cfwf/df dWo:yn] lg0f{ o
ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lg0f{o sf] k|ltlnlk k|l tjfb gug]{ kIfnfO{ ;d] t k7fpg'
kg]{ 5 .
!^= dWo:yn] If]qflwsf/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]
;Sg M -!_ dWo:y ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljjfbsf]
lg/f] k0f ug]{ dWo:ysf] If] qflwsf/ g/x] sf] jf h'g s/f/sf] sf/0faf6 ljjfb pTkGg
ePsf] xf] ;f] s/f/ g} u}/ sfg"gL jf ab/of] Uo jf k| e fjxLg ePsf] bfjL s' g} kIfn]
lng rfx] df To:tf] bfjL lghn] dWo:y ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 / dWo:yn] cfk"m nfO{
;'lDkPsf] sfd sf/afxL k| f/De ug'{ cl3 If] q flwsf/ jf s/f/sf] j} wtf jf
k| efjsf/Ltfsf ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'‰g] kIfn] ;f] lg0f{o
ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq k'g /fj] bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] 5 / ;f] ljifodf
k'g/fj] bg cbfntn] lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x' g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd s/f/sf] j} wtf jf k| e fjsf/Ltfsf] ;DaGwdf
lg0f{o ug]{ k| of] hgsf nflu s'g} s/f/df dWo:ytfåf/f ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug]{
k| fjwfg /x]5 / ;f] k| fjwfg ;f]xL s/f/sf] cleGg c+ usf] ?kdf /x] sf] /x] 5 eg] ;f]
s/f/sf] dWo:ytf ;DaGwL k| fjwfgnfO{ 5' §} ;D´f} tfsf] ?kdf lnOg] 5 . dWo:yn]
To:tf] s/f/ ab/ jf cdfGo x'g] u/L jf k| e fjxLg ePsf] lg0f{o u/] tfklg ;f]xL
sf/0fn] To:tf] k| fjwfg sfg" gtM ab/ jf cdfGo jf k| e fjxLg ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .

8
 -$_ bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd k|l tjfb k] z ug]{ Dofb gf3] kl5
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] bfjL ug{ ;lsg] 5} g .
-%_ s'g} kIfn] cfkmgf] tkm{ af6 dWo:y lgo' Qm u/]s f] jf dWo:y
lgo'lQmdf ;xefuL ePsf] jf dWo:ysf] lgo'lQmdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] sf/0fn] dfq
To:tf] kIf pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] bfjL lngaf6 j+lrt ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]b g cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] lgj]bg ;f]
cbfntaf6 clGtd lsgf/f gx'Fb} dWo:ynfO{ cfkmgf] sf/afxL hf/L /fVg / lg0f{o
ug{ afwf k' u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
!&= dWo:yn] ckgfpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ dWo:yn] ljjfbsf] lg0f{ o ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{
sfo{ljlw ;D´f} tfdf pNn] v ePsf]d f ;f] xL adf]lhd / To;/L pNn]v gePsf] df o;
P]g adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
t/ o; P] gdf Joj:yf gePsf] sfo{l jlw kIfx?sf] ;xdltdf
dWo:yn] tf] s] adf]l hd / To:tf] ;xdlt gePdf dWo:y cfkm} n] lgwf{/ 0f u/]
adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
-@_ dWo:y ;dIf k]z x'g' kg]{ bfjL, k|l tjfb, k|l tbfjL jf k| To'l Qm k]z
eO;s] kl5 dWo:yn] cljnDa dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL z'? ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ dWo:ytf ;DaGwL s] s:tf] sfd sf/afxL s' g lbg / ;dodf x'g] xf]
To;sf] hfgsf/L kIfx?nfO{ lbg' kg]{ 5 / ;DalGwt ldl;ndf To;/L hfgsf/L lbPsf]
clen]v /fVg' kg]{ 5 .
-$_ tLghgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L dWo:y /x] s f] ljjfbdf lg0f{o ug]{ jf
clGtd cfb]z lbg] sfd afx] s dWo:ytfsf] cGo sf/afxL pkl:yt dWo:yx?af6
x'g ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd hfgsf/L kfPkl5 s' g} kIf dWo:ytfsf]
sf/afxL x'g] lbg / ;dodf pkl:yt geP tfklg dWo:yn] sf/afxL hf/L /fVg /
pknAw k| df0fsf cfwf/df cfkmgf] lg0f{o lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-^_ dWo:y ;dIf ;'g' jfO{sf] sfd ;lsP kl5 dWo:yn] ;'g' jfO{sf]
sf/afxL cGt ePsf] cfb] z u/L ;f] s'/fsf] clen] v ldl;ndf /fVg' kg]{5 /
To;kl5 kIfaf6 k|d f0fx? a' ‰g] jf ;'g' jfO{ ug]{ sfo{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .

9
 -&_ ;D´f}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s pkbkmf -^_ adf]l hd
cfb]z u/]s f] ;fwf/0ftM tL; lbgleq dWo:yn] cfkmgf] lnlvt lg0f{o ;'g fpg'
kg]{ 5 .
!*= dWo:yn] ckgfpg] ;f/jfg sfg"g M -!_ ;D´f}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df
afx]s dWo:yn] ckgfpg] ;f/jfg sfg"g g] kfn sfg"g x' g]5 .
-@_ kIfx?n] :ki6 ?kdf clVtof/L lbPsf] cj:yfdf dfq dWo:yn]
ljjfbnfO{ Gofo / ;b\l jj] s -PS; PSjf P6 jf]g f]_ jf k|fs[l ts ;dGofo -PldPjn
sDkf]l h6/_ sf] l;4fGt adf]l hd ljjfbsf] lg/f] k0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg dWo:yn]
;DalGwt s/f/sf zt{x ? adf]l hd ljjfbsf] lg/f] k0f ug]{5 / To;/L ljjfb lg/f] k0f
ubf{ ;DalGwt sf/f]af/df nfu" x'g] Jofkfl/s k| rngx? -o' ;] h_ pk/ ;d] t Wofg
lbg' kg]{5 .
!(= dWo:ytfsf] ;'g'jfO{ uf]Ko ?kdf x'g] M kIfx?n] cGoyf rfx] df afx] s dWo:ytfsf]
;' g'j fO{ uf]K o ?kdf x'g]5 .
@)= ;"rgf tyf Dofb tfd]nL M -!_ k| rlnt sfg" gdf h'g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg
dWo:ytfsf ;DaGwdf lbOg] s'g} ;" rgf jf dWo:yn] ;'g' jfO{ ug]{ ljifodf jf
dWo:y ;dIf ljrf/fwLg /x]s f] ljjfbdf g]kfn leq jf g] kfn aflx/ /x] a;] sf]
kIfsf] gfpF d f s' g} Dofb jf ;" rgf tfd] n ug'{ k/] d f ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf ePsf] df
afx]s ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ l;w} a'´ fO{ jf kIfsf] 6] n]S ;, 6]l nkmofS;, 6]l nu| fd jf
lnlvt clen] v /xg ;Sg] ∇To:tf] k| s[l tsf cGo s'g} b" /;+ rf/ dfWodsf] 7] ufgf
;D´f}tfdf pNn] v ePsf] /x] 5 jf ;D´f} tf ePkl5 kIfx?n] To:tf] 7]ufgf Ps
csf]{ nfO{ jf dWo:ynfO{ pknAw u/fPsf /x]5g\ eg] To:tf] 7] ufgfdf Dofb jf ;" rgf
k7fpg ;lsg] 5 . To:tf] ;+ rf/ dfWod jf 7] ufgf pknAw gu/fPsf]d f ;DalGwt
kIfsf] Joj;fo /x] sf] :yfg jf lghsf] :yfoL a;f]a f; ePsf] :yfgdf a'´ fpg'
kg]{ 5 . o;/L lbOPsf] ;" rgf jf ePsf] Dofb tfd] nL /Ltk" j{ s eP u/] sf] dflgg]5 .
t/ x' nfsåf/f To:tf] Dofb jf ;" rgf k7fpF bf /lhi6«L u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .

∇
s]x L g]kfn P] gnfO{ ;+zf] wg ug]{ P] g, @)^$ 4f/f ;+zf]w g .

10
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h' g ;' s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg cbfntsf] sfd
sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf o; Joj:yfn] k|l ts" n k| efj kfg]{ 5}g .
@!= dWo:ysf] clwsf/ M -!_ ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]d f afx] s dWo:ysf]
clwsf/ b] xfo adf]l hd x' g]5 M–
-s_ kIfx?nfO{ cfk"m ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg], sfuhkq k] z ug{ nufpg] /
cfjZostfg' ;f/ aofg lng] ,
-v_ ;fIfLx?nfO{ askq u/fpg] ,
-u_ s'g} vf; ljifodf ljz]if1 lgo' Qm u/L hfF r u/fpg] jf /fo lng],
-3_ s'g} kIf ljb] zL gful/s ePsf] sf/0fn] cfk"m n] lbPsf] lg0f{o
sfof{ G jog x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf] cj:yf gePdf dWo:yn] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] a}+ s Uof/]0 6L jf cGo pko' Qm hdfgt lng] ,
-ª_ kIfsf] cg' /f] wdf jf cfkm} n] pko' Qm b] v]df ljjfb;+ u ;DalGwt :yfg,
j:t' pTkfbg, ;+/ rgf, pTkfbg k|lqmof jf ;f] ;+u ;DalGwt cGo
s'/ fsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ tyf gfl;g] lalu| g] lsl;dsf lrh j:t' ePdf
kIfx?;+ u k/fdz{ u/L laqmL u/L cfPsf] /sd w/f} 6 /fVg] ,
-r_ kIfx?n] k| bfg u/]sf] s' g} vf; clwsf/sf] k|o f] u ug]{ ,
-5_ k| f/lDes cfb] z, s'g} kIfsf] cg' /f] wdf ljjfbsf] ljifo j:t' ;+u
;DalGwt s' g} s'/ fdf cGtl/d cfb] z jf cGt/sfnLg cfb] z hf/L ug]{
jf zt{ ;lxtsf] lg0f{o ug]{ ,
-h_ lnvtsf] k|dfl0ft gSsn lbg] ,
-´_ o; P] g n] k|b fg u/] sf] cGo clwsf/sf] k|of] u ug]{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -5_ adf]l hd dWo:yn] lbPsf] cfb] z pk/ lrQ
ga' ‰g] kIfn] kGw| lbgleq k'g/fj] bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] 5 / ;f] ;DaGwdf
k'g/fj] bg cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g] 5 .
@@= kIfnfO{ ;dfg cj;/ x'g] M -!_ dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf k|To]s kIfnfO{
cfkmgf] s'/f k| : t' t ug{ o; P]g sf] cwLgdf /xL kof{K t / ;dfg cj;/ lbOg] 5 .

11
 -@_ dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf s' g} klg kIf cfkm} jf cfkmgf]
k|ltlglw dfkm{ t pkl:yt x' g ;Sg]5 / cfkmgf]] tkm{a f6 sfg"g Joj;foL d's// ug{
;d] t ;Sg] 5 .
@#= k| df0f a' ‰g cbfntsf] ;xof] u lng ;lsg] M k| rlnt sfg"g df h' g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf]
eP tfklg dWo:y ;dIf ljrf/fwLg /x] sf] ljjfbsf ;DaGwdf s'g} k| df0f a' ‰g
dWo:ynfO{ cbfntsf] ;xof] u cfjZos k/]d f dWo:y cfkm}+ n] jf kIfsf] cg'/f] wdf
lhNnf cbfnt ;dIf To:tf] ;xof] usf] nflu cg'/ f] w ug{ ;Sg] 5 . o;/L cg'/f] w e}
cfPdf k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd lhNnf cbfntn] k|df0f a' ‰g] ;DaGwdf ;xof] u ug'{
kg]{ 5 .
kl/R5]b – %
dWo:ysf] lg0f{o / To;sf] sfof{Gjog
@$= lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ cjlw M ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf pNn] v ePsf] d f afx] s bkmf !& sf]
pkbkmf -&_ sf] cwLgdf /xL bkmf !$ adf]l hdsf sfuhftx? dWo:y ;dIf k]z
ePsf] ;fwf/0ftM Ps ;o aL; lbgleq dWo:yn] cfkmgf] lg0f{o lbg' kg]{5 .
@%= lg0f{o lbg gx'g] cj:yf M -!_ dWo:ytf ug'{ kg]{ ljifo;+ u dWo:yn] lg0f{o ug{ gx'g]
ljifo cleGg ?kdf ufl;Psf] /x] 5 eg] To:tf] ljifodf dWo:yn] lg0f{ o lbg] 5} g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lg0f{o ug{ gx'g] cj:yf k/] d f dWo:yn] ;f] sf]
;" rgf ;DalGwt kIfx?nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ;" rgf k| fKt u/]s f] ldltn] k}+ tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt
kIfn] k| rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg cbfntdf ph"/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
@^= dWo:ysf] lg0f{o M -!_ tLghgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L dWo:yx? ePdf ax' ;+Vossf] /fo
g} dWo:ysf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-@_ dWo:yx?sf] /fo leGg leGg eO{ ax' d t sfod x'g g;s]df ;D´f} tfdf
cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf] d f afx]s d' Vo dWo:ysf] /fo dWo:ysf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -$_ sf] cwLgdf /xL k| To]s dWo:yn] lg0f{odf b:tvt ug'{
kg]{ 5 .

12
 t/ s'g} dWo:yn] lg0f{ odf b:tvt ug{ g;Sg] s'g} sf/0f ePdf ;f] v' nfO{
afF s L dWo:yn] b:tvt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} dWo:y dWo:ytfsf] lg0f{ o;+ u ;xdt x'g g;s]d f c;xdltk"0f{
/fo JoQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@&= lg0f{odf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/f M ;D´f}tfdf cGoyf pNn] v ePsf]d f afx]s dWo:yn]
lg0f{o df b]x fosf s' /fx? :ki6 ?kdf v' nfpg' kg]{ 5 M–
-s_ dWo:ytf ug{ ;'lDkPsf] ljifosf] 5f] 6s/L ljj/0f,
-v_ dWo:ytfsf] If] q flwsf/ pk/ s'g} kIfn] k| Zg p7fPsf] eP If]q flwsf/ ePsf]
7x/ ug]{ cfwf/,
-u_ dWo:ysf] 7x/ / pQm 7x/df k'U g lnO{ Psf sf/0f / cfwf/,
-3_ e/Le/fp jf Ifltk"l t{ u/L lbg' kg]{ s'/ f jf /sd,
-ª_ e/Le/fp ug'{ kg]{ /sddf nfUg] Aofh / bkmf #! sf] Dofbleq dWo:ysf]
lg0f{o sfof{ Gjog gePdf To:tf] ;do Joltt ePkl5 nfUg] yk Aofh b/,
-r_ dWo:ytfsf] lg0f{ o ePsf] :yfg / ldlt .
@*= lg0f{o ;'gfpg' kg]{ M dWo:yn] kIfx?sf ;dIf lg0f{o k9L ;' gfpg' kg]{5 / To;sf]
Ps Ps k|lt ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx?nfO{ lbO{ ;f] sf] lg:;f ldl;n ;fy /fVg' kg]{5 .
s'g} kIf lg0f{o ;' gfpg tf]l sPsf] ;dodf cg' kl:yt /x]df jf pkl:yt eP/ klg
lg0f{osf] k|l tlnlk a'l´lng OGsf/ u/]df ;f] s' / f hgfO{ lg0f{ osf] k|l tlnlk ;+ nUg
u/L lghnfO{ ;" rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
@(= bf]x¥ofO{ lg0f{o ug{ gx'g] M -!_ bkmf #) adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] cfb]z
lbPsf]d f afx]s dWo:yn] cfk"m ;dIf ;'lDkPsf] ljifodf Psk6s lg0f{o ul/;s] kl5
lg0f{osf] d" n ;f/df c;/ gkg]{ u/L ul0ftLo, 5kfO{ , 6fOlkË jf To:t} k|s[l tsf
;fgfltgf q' 6L ;Rofpg / To;df 5' 6 ePsf] s'/ f ;dfj]z ug{ afx] s ;f] xL ljifodf
k'gM csf]{ lg0f{o ug{ x'Fb} g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dWo:ysf] lg0f{ odf ePsf q' 6L ;Rofpg' kg]{ eGg]
s'g} kIfnfO{ nfu]d f lghn] lg0f{osf] k|l tlnlk kfPsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq dWo:y
;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / dWo:yn] To:tf] q' 6L ;Rofpg jf 5' 6 ePsf] s'/f
;dfj]z ug{ dgfl;a b] v]d f To:tf] lgj] bg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq 5'§}

13
 krf{ v8f u/L 5' 6 ePsf] s'/f ;dfj] z ug{ / q'6L ;Rofpg ;Sg] 5 . dWo:y cfkm}n]
To:tf] s'/f ;Rofpg plrt 7fg] df lg0f{o ePsf] tL; lbgleq krf{ v8f u/L ;RofO{
To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt kIfx?nfO{ lbg' kg]{ 5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} kIfn] bfjL k]z
u/] s f s' /fx? dWo] s'g} s'/ fsf ;DaGwdf dWo:yn] lg0f{o u/] sf] /x] g5 eg] To:tf
s'/fsf xb;Dd csf]{ kIfsf] ;xdlt lnO{ dWo:yn] lg0f{o u/]sf] tL; lbgleq ;f]
s'/fdf lg0f{o x'g lgj] bg lbg ;Sg] 5 / To;/L lgj] bg k/] s f]df lgj]bg k/]sf]
k}+ tfnL; lbgleq ;f]xL xb;Dd ;Lldt /xL k"/ s lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ kIfx?sf] ;xdlt ePdf lg0f{ osf] s'g} s' /f jf c+ z c:ki6 ePsf]n]
JofVof ug{ s'g} kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ ;" rgf lbO{ dWo:ysf] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] tL;
lbgleq dWo:y ;dIf cg'/ f] w ug{ ;Sg] 5 / To:tf] cg'/ f] w ePdf k}+tfnL; lbgleq
dWo:yn] c:ki6 ePsf] s' /fsf] JofVof u/L :ki6 kfg{ ;Sg]5 .
#)= lg0f{o ab/ x'g;Sg] M -!_ o; P]g adf]l hd dWo:ysf] lg0f{o ;' gL kfPsf] jf
lg0f{osf] ;" rgf kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq To:tf] lg0f{o df lrQ ga' ‰g] kIfn] ;f]
lg0f{o ab/ u/fpg rfx] df ;DalGwt sfuhftx? / lg0f{osf] k|l tlnlk ;d] t ;+ nUg
u/L k' g/fj]bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ 5 / To;sf] k|l tlnlk dWo:y / ;DalGwt
kIfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj] bg k/]sf] df dWo:ytfsf] lg0f{odf b] xfosf s'g}
s'/f /x] s f] lgj] bg ug]{ kIfn] k|dfl0ft u/]d f k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] To:tf] lg0f{ o ab/
ug{ jf cfjZostfg' ;f/ k' gM lg0f{o u/fpg cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ;D´f} tfsf s' g} kIf ;D´f} tf ubf{sf avt s'g} sf/0fn] ;D´f} tf ug{
c;Ifd /x]sf] jf kIfx? h'g d' n'ssf] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /x] sf 5g\ ;f]
sfg"g cg' ;f/ jf To:tf] sfg" g :ki6 x'g g;s] sf]d f g] kfn sfg"g
adf]lhd ;f] ;D´f} tf j} w g/x]sf] ,
-v_ lgj]bg ug]{ kIfnfO{ dWo:y lgo' Qm ug{ s f nflu jf dWo:ytfsf]
sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf ;dodf g} /Ltk"j{s ;" rgf glbPsf],

14
 -u_ dWo:ynfO{ g;'lDkPsf] ljjfb;+ u ;DalGwt ljifodf jf dWo:ynfO{
;'lDkPsf] zt{ ljk/Lt jf dWo:ynfO{ ;'lDkPsf] If] qaflx/ uO{ lg0f{o
ePsf] ,
-3_ g]kfn sfg"g k|lts" n ;D´f} tf ePsf] df afx]s dWo:ytfsf] u7g ljlw
jf To;sf] sfd sf/afxL kIfx? aLr ;DkGg ;D´f} tf cg' ? k gePsf]
jf To:tf] ;D´f} tf gePsf]df o; P] g cg';f/ gePsf] .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h' g ;' s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_ cg' ;f/
lgj] bg k/]s f] df k'g /fj] bg cbfntn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf dWo:ytfsf] lg0f{ o ab/ ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ dWo:yn] lg0f{o u/] sf] ljjfb g] kfn sfg"g adf]lhd dWo:yåf/f
lg/f]k0f x'g g;Sg] ePdf .
-v_ dWo:yn] u/] sf] lg0f{o ;fj{ hlgs lxt jf gLlt k|l ts" n x'g] ePdf .
#!= lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog M kIfx?n] dWo:ysf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk kfPsf] ldltn] k}+ tfnL;
lbgleq lg0f{o sfof{ Gjog ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
#@= cbfntaf6 lg0f{o sfof{Gjog x'g] M o; P]g sf] bkmf #! df tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq
lg0f{o sfof{G jog x'g g;s]d f ;f] Dofb gf3] s f] tL; lbgleq dWo:ysf] lg0f{o
sfof{ G jog u/fpgsf] nflu ;DalGwt kIfn] lhNnf cbfnt ;dIf lgj] bg lbg
;Sg]5 / To;/L lgj]bg k/]df lhNnf cbfntn] ;f] lg0f{o nfO{ cfkmgf] km} ;nf ;/x
;fwf/0ftM tL; lbgleq sfof{ Gjog ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
##= Aofh ltg'{kg]{ M ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf] df afx]s s'g} kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{
s'g} /sd a'´ fpg' kg]{ u/L dWo:ysf] lg0f{o ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ljjfb;+ u ;DalGwt
Joj;fosf] k| s[l t pk/ ;d] t ljrf/ u/L To:tf] sf/f] af/df jfl0fHo a}+s n] tTsfn
ckgfPsf] Jofh b/ eGbf a9L gx'g] u/L dWo:yn] tf]l slbPsf] Jofh ;d] t a'´ fpg'
kg]{ 5 .
t/ dWo:ysf] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv o; P]g adf]lhd lg0f{ o sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{
;dofjlw;Ddsf] cjlwsf] xsdf eg] s'g} Aofh nfUg] 5} g .

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#$= ljb]z df ePsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog x'g] M -!_ ljb] zdf ePsf] lg0f{ o g] kfn
clw/fHodf sfof{Gjog u/fpg rfxg] kIfn] b]x fosf lnvtx? ;+ nUg u/L k'g/fj]bg
cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ dWo:ysf] lg0f{osf] ;Ssn jf To;sf] k| d fl0ft k|l t .
-v_ ;D´f} tfsf] ;Ssn jf To;sf] k| dfl0ft k|l t .
-u_ dWo:ysf] lg0f{o g] kfnL efiffdf ePsf] /x] g5 eg] ;f] sf] g] kfnL
efiffdf ePsf] cf} krfl/s cg' jfb .
-@_ ljb] zdf ePsf] dWo:ysf] lg0f{o nfO{ dfGotf lbg] tyf sfof{ Gjog
u/fpg] ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ePsf] s'g} ;lGwsf] g] kfn kIf ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ;f]
;lGwsf] kIf ePsf] ljb]z L d' n's sf] Onfsfdf of] P]g k| f/De ePkl5 ePsf]
dWo:ysf] lg0f{o To:tf] ;lGwsf] Joj:yf tyf To;sf] kIf aGbf pNn] v ul/Psf
zt{ x?sf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfosf] cj:yfdf dfGotf lbO{ g]kfn clw/fHodf sfof{ G jog
x'g]5 M–
-s_ ;D´f} tfdf pNn] v ePsf] sfg"g tyf sfo{l jlw adf]l hd dWo:y
lgo'Qm eO{ lg0f{o ePsf] ePdf,
-v_ kIfx?nfO{ dWo:ytfsf] sf/afxLsf] ;dod} hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] ePdf,
-u_ ;D´f} tfsf zt{x ? jf dWo:ynfO{ ;'lDkPsf] ljifox?df dfq l;ldt
/xL lg0f{o ePsf] ePdf,
-3_ h'g d' n's df lg0f{ o ePsf] xf] ;f] d'n's sf] sfg" g adf]lhd ;f] lg0f{o
kIfx?nfO{ clGtd / aGwgsf/L eO;s] sf] ePdf,
-ª_ h'g JolQmn] dWo:ysf] lg0f{ o sfof{Gjog u/fpg lgj] bg lbPsf] xf] ;f]
JolQmsf] d' n'ssf] sfg" gdf jf dWo:ytf ePsf] :yfgsf] d' n'ssf] sfg" gdf
g]kfn clw/fHodf ePsf] dWo:ysf] lg0f{ o sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg] sfg" gL
Joj:yf gePdf,
-r_ lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq lg0f{ o sfof{G jogsf nflu lgj]bg
k/] sf] ePdf .

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 -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd k/]s f] s'g} lgj] bgdf pkbkmf -@_ df pNn]l vt
zt{ x? k"/f ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/ fdf k' g/fj]bg cbfnt ;Gt'i 6 ePdf ;f] cbfntn] ;f]
lg0f{o nfO{ sfof{ G jog ug{ lhNnf cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h' g ;'s} s' / f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]x fosf cj:yfdf
ljb] zdf ePsf] dWo:ysf] lg0f{o sfof{G jog x'g] 5} g M–
-s_ h'g ljjfb lg/f]k0f e} lg0f{ o ul/Psf] xf] ;f] ljjfb g]k fn sfg" g adf]lhd
dWo:yåf/f ;dfwfg x' g g;Sg] k| s[ltsf] ePdf .
-v_ To:tf] lg0f{osf] sfof{ G jog ubf{ ;fj{ hlgs gLlt lj?4 x'g] ePdf .
kl/R5]b – ^
ljljw
#%= dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf nfUg] vr{
vr M -!_ ;D´f} tfdf cGoyf pNn] v ePsf] df
afx]s dWo:ytf u/fpg] kIfx?n] dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/afxLsf] nflu pkl:yt
kIfx?;+ u k/fdz{ u/L dWo:yn] tf]s]sf] /sd a'´ fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-@_ ;D´f}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]d f afx]s dWo:ytfsf] sfd
sf/afxLdf nfUg] vr{ ;Da4 kl/l:yltx?nfO{ ljrf/ u/L dWo:yn] tf]s] adf]l hdsf]
cg' kftdf k|To]s kIfn] Joxf] g'{ kg]{5 .
#^= dWo:ysf] kfl/>lds M -!_ dWo:ysf] kfl/>lds ;D´f} tfdf pNn] v eP adf]l hd
x'g]5 .
-@_ ;D´f}tfdf dWo:ysf] kfl/>lds pNn] v gePsf]df pkl:yt
kIfx?;+ u k/fdz{ u/L dWo:yn] tf]s]s f] kfl/>lds kIfx?n] a'´ fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf]
kfl/>lds pkl:yt kIfx?;+ u k/fdz{ u/L dWo:yn] cfb]z lbP adf]l hd k"/} jf
k] ZsLsf] ?kdf e' QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
#&= dWo:yn] /sd lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ M dWo:y ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljjfbsf] ;'g'j fO{ x'g
g;s] df jf dWo:ysf] :yfg s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf To:tf] dWo:yn] bkmf #^
adf]l hd kfl/>lds kfO;s]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] dWo] dWo:yn] sfd u/]s f] cjlw;Ddsf]
/sd kIfx?;+ u k/fdz{ u/L s6fO{ afFs L /sd lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} dWo:ynfO{ bkmf !! adf]l hd x6fOPdf lghn] ;f] eGbf klxn] s'g}
kfl/>lds lnPsf] ePdf ;f] kfl/>ldssf] k'/} /sd lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

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#*= xs / bfloTj ;g]{ M o; P] g adf]l hd dWo:ytfsf] sfd sf/afxL k| f/De ePkl5
s'g} kIfsf] d[To' ePdf jf lgh a] kQf ePdf jf ax' nfPdf lghsf] ;Dk" 0 f{ xs /
bfloTj k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd lghsf] ;DklQ vfg] xsjfnf dfly ;g]{ 5 .
#(= cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ gx'g] M k| rlnt sfg" gdf h' g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg o;
P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]d f afx] s o; P]gåf/f lgoldt ePsf ljifodf s'g}
cbfntsf] If] qflwsf/ x' g] 5}g .
$)= kIfx? ldNg ;Sg] M o; P] g adf]l hd dWo:ytfsf] nflu k/] sf] ljjfbsf ;DaGwdf
kIfx? ldNg rfx] d f cfk"m ldNg rfx] s f] zt{ ;lxtsf] Joxf] /f v' nfO{ dWo:y ;dIf
kIfx?n] lgj] bg lbg ;Sg] 5g\ / o;/L kg{ cfPsf] lgj]b gdf dWo:ysf] ;xdltk" 0f{
lg0f{o x'g] 5 / To:tf] lg0f{o pk/ ;xdlt adf]l hd gePsf] s'/ fdf afx]s s' g} ph' /L
nfUg] 5}g .
$!= rng rnfPsf] b:t'/ ltg'{ kg]
kg{ M -!_ k| rlnt sfg" gdf h'g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP
tfklg dWo:ysf] lg0f{o sfof{ G jog u/fpFb f lg0f{ o sfof{G jogaf6 k| fKt /sdsf] )=%
k|ltztsf b/n] x' g cfpg] /sd lg0f{o sfof{ Gjog u/L lbP afktsf] b:t'/sf] ?kdf
;DalGwt cbfntnfO{ a'´ fpg' kg]{ 5 / To;/L sfof{G jog ul/g] lg0f{o /sd ltg'{
a'´fpg' kg]{ ljifo;+ u ;DalGwt gePdf lg0f{o adf]l hd ug'{ kg]{ jf ul/kfpg]
ljifosf] k| rlnt ahf/ efp adf]l hd d"No jf /sd lgwf{/ 0f x'g ;Sg] ePdf To;sf]
)=% k|l tztsf b/n] / To;/L lgwf{/0f x'g g;Sg] ePdf kfF r ;o ?k}o fF b:t'/ ;f]
lg0f{o sfof{ Gjog u/fO{ dfUg] kIfn] a'´ fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd a'´ fPsf] b:t'/ csf]{ kIfaf6 e/fpg rfx]df
lhNnf cbfntn] k| rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf]6{ lkm ;/x e/fO{ lbg]5 .
∇
$@= dWo:ytf
dWo:ytf ;DaGwL ldl;n
ldl;n M -!_ dWo:yn] kIfx?n] k]z u/] sf] lnvt tyf
k| df0fx?, ;DalGwt JolQmx?nfO{ u/fPsf] aofg, cfkmgf] lg0f{o / dWo:ytf;+ u
;DalGwt ;a} sfuhftx?df ldlt / ;do hgfO{ l;nl;n] j f/ tl/sfaf6 ldl;n
tof/ ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-@_ dWo:yn] dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sf/afxL clGtd ePkl5 tT;DaGwL ldl;n
lhNnf cbfntdf a'´ fpg' kg]{ 5 .
∇
s]x L g]kfn P] gnfO{ ;+zf] wg ug]{ P] g, @)^$ 4f/f ;+zf]w g .

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 -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd k| fKt ldl;n lhNnf cbfntn] cfk"mn] u/]sf]
km} ;nfsf] ldl;n ;/x ;' /lIft ;fy /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ k| rlnt sfg" gdf h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg kIfx?sf] ;xdlt
lagf dWo:ysf] lg0f{ o / ;f] ;+u ;DalGwt lnvtsf] gSsn kIfx? afx]s cGo
JolQmnfO{ lbOg] 5}g .
$#= clwsf M o; P]g adf]l hd cbfntn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd sf/afxLnfO{
lgod agfpg] clwsf/
lgoldt ug]{ sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf ;jf]{R r cbfntn] cfjZos lgodx? agfpg
;Sg]5 .
$$= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ dWo:ytf P] g, @)#* vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g k| f/De x'g' cl3 dWo:ytfsf] sf/afxL z' ? eO{ ;s]sf]
dWo:ytfsf] xsdf dWo:ytf P]g, @)#* s} sfo{l jlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ dWo:ytf P]g , @)#* adf]l hd ePsf] dWo:ytfsf] lg0f{o ab/ ug{ lbOg]
ph'/ Lsf] Dofb Pj+ ph'/ L lbg] cfwf/ dWo:ytf P] g, @)#* df pNn] v eP adf]l hd
g} x' g]5 .

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 cg';"rL
-bkmf ( ;+u ;DalGwt_
==================================== / =================================== sf] dWo:ytfsf] nflu d ÷xfdL ;dIf
k] z ePsf] ljjfbdf d ÷ xfdL s'g} kIfk|lt g´' sL lgikIf tyf OdfGbf/L ;fy sfd ug]{ 5' ÷ 5f}+ .
gfd b:tvt ldlt

s]xL g]kfn P]g nfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^$Æ

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