SEVEN TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS ‘7A INTEGRATION BY PARTS INTEGRATION FORMULAS You sould memorize the following ntagration formals 1 [uence 2 [a du—aus where ois any consaat 3 [tesereonanes frereens foes 4 [ranttec net 8 [Gomme [ovdeaphhscotena>tanted 1240 where > 0 venaTAINTEGRATION BY PARTS 469 coh eC a foahe a feotade=siahate 2 [oct vauetun use M4 Joa? wtna-on vee sah ee [oasoninase 28, foebeotindea eh wx a lyferate ut Vs) 40 foro an, [ost gncat Poe ables VPA) settesan0 = [i -[ho aHanllourdre iieise Interntion by at Teer nea orf nai nd eine ae Jadow. [ow at [neon [oe To wr the foe me ith ctr he gic eg tm cha gta a lngete he fcr ee igns d-aad pat Se er Star—rtih econ shad we searchom eee weak tay tat fo dust tng, We olsen oe mot by fata dee rg cy Saeed © x covet ine nsw caste iaapatog Suen 3 anu Sy spn ren cE wap tpete Paweud: meer Some aon ernest ‘cote th somal iso few Ma He Siggaed se poe of Gh entation o epitome pow f= ‘eine Bacar ad (a bree geomet tartar yatine fco, lt te oweral's ribo edo ae 9S Sean oe har eign ly pe oe a a a tartan su, the lone area we dvd aap 8 eek itu ta and a Xd eee 4 an 5. [rete =eret—nertetee ® [errs we = Eyer ms neon mad 0 [eves wen = He cos msi +0 o SARS aE gpa Oe your ae Wy BT 1 tae and dom de Then dw de and e Orn} forse 2. l= rand dos. Then = deed = Jan 2 faceted nJese te {finze den Jose teedeatere soatadde Haeo lena yaar ea oc por T aR taco [perdearoca-HocetansisC47) TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPERINTEGRAIS 4 [ste 1» We use intgration by part with use dusetde desde v= fostes Bh ads | or ae= Bl -dy Byre MERE saan we [on 1. [St ePare [en oete foo? sued ede 1 Were integration by pate with see We ew Then, eps one fet tae to sian Hndz =Je%ar“!s 4 = Alleativdy, ls 87-4} Thea vd cP ayers} fa UO, Let v= je? +1), dv de, Then d= PF ts and w= = nce? +1ye0= sini fe fen “alo aheoemeen WL Let eae andde = 28 Thom du (a8 ede and» assets he | ae tnee = + Jeter sted e "AES som E40. Nan ina [oR ae on te stan de Deastene tegrated ony f= in te te = JP conte aff wow te de For the iatgea on the rght sie f (1), me fetTU INTEGRATION BY PARTS 471 Ths, | xovsede=}esinae—}f Substituting hrm (2) nto (1), we obela -|Pentes enn te tf conte +e sate + Jom sere o Pin tet = tin 2d Then [sine ene = ft Now lt went, dv = dt. Ten du= et and ra feme— fod) sn 22 Penn 1 ins (-eeone [ee do) (ia 2 4:c08 2)+ 26:1 = Jen e008) +0 [ees 1 Tosimpliynenpsntial we a and d=30d. [eetens forreteane fea a 2 waves inree sae Th fetetae= pe foe ® or the iavgralon the ight seo (1), we et sei wave wee The at drnat=[edrnree40 « Sobran fen (2) nt (0), we inn [edenpresese-0= ip -eriyse shop C=C. inl, uttiatg = 2, we get faeteeade-sane*sc asleep Te Viz sod fo = fll The de 2dr nds = Vi | bps faevin tee VE f-2e 1 atu,442) TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRAIS 18, Let y= ef and dv in 2x Then du=—e"Fie and » tee Ye Psnde +4 a Ded) = tone ain 0p 1 = Hea eo 2p 2) +6 sah da. Then du Be dad veoh tet [ein eae eet ees a [she d= Foe Peshe seat 240 |e > Intezaton by pst is ot reeds We titans weebias eee (ereds) = (OME. [genic ait [geet [EER [EIRP = feet eree ter nats =p u-9)400V 70 AViTFase 4c bu Ps enone t= Yh stg le Mant = [2A se aferiece Tan du=—e dead & ean Now let = cot™t andl du = dt. Then du. Tpisdtandy=e aeeacits {2d teas 42) +6 By cor YEsttt Ha) AC W Let w= con"? 2e and dv = de. Then dua —— dns and ort tedeezen* tee [fig a teortte Wine Bint sueitates = 8 de =2¢cde Taw t = [eon de = [2teon de Now et taatsine— faain eae dint 2 cont 20 BYE sin/F + 2eonfE+O 2 fan! yaa > Hint leas = 8, Then= (owt yaee= [reusctse est, weintegate by pstson the righ side of E(1)- Let dated ant! and d= 2 de Thus, ‘Note that we are foe to chsoe te most convenient antdeivative, Ths, Peart Jace @aenins= [2 aetna e= [a (2 bya 20 = let an ye- ye‘A INTEGRATION BY PARTS 473 i, a In Exsncines 25-82, find the axel value ofthe dnt integral. Check by 25, Ts compute [?a, lt wm Band do = Pde, Than de = de nd © [etree = $25) see esa =e and dv 0d Then du =de nd 7 = Jose = Sats ats | 2) ES -Eapeapte ce [Perce Ba ET «(BS i)-ae- n+) and d= de, Tendo fy and ve te Peete ntesnmtes f= [ des entde Tm vento ting af, 28hee-anaunir 1 Toeompte [sn Seew de in Secon ede =sin S2sin te ee cel cos Beda 2 de asf se secs [inaecourde=—Jonaean2—feose cores (4 stoner mated i ein Bam 72.4) [ seseoesde=—fan sms onsen sy 2 (hain xn Powe oe) —(-f a0 ind Zeer en 0) —— a me [Pearse Dickie a oa ere Sentinel lat ons sete] + [2s as) —ffin ze =o S088 29, Let w= In, dom Pd, The dw 2d and © = 967 and wd = Beds PloPinceen pe nal [*o ae Holnan fo" Fie Bn cans cot sca di, Then fo = de and eee n [ihre cacs des roe ls [Mace den eV faites sen ot Ve — a /F 1)+ n/FT Ah “Donen diz te de Tor uae trad dented Tm v={74 "TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS ‘where te contaat in © mas choen toslmply eu. ‘Tes [Reset sarap l= [SME mond ft vI=mee on the Fight side repent the azen of a quaiercide of raius | ant wo has value Je. ‘ntiderrstive can be found using the eubaitation 2 = sin @) Thos i hy coy 4A [7 ew ay d= 50 +f nay = Jeo = be te Baie 39 and, oe equation () ts evalate he intel, Check by NIN aa [reas = 26 [setede he —20 + [eortde = 4 ast 4c [td = (2-82 62-8), [Peds (27-2 48-6) 0-34 8-Ge = RE + te 26.463 choles inte, Bente tf [Paenene-eP=02-8 C= se: ep ae em at pies by regain ese amr pee ae os HOGS ale icra el ple sin te wt dion es eee as ena wise See teh na oe Soe ‘ me ve ui? are [orm ese Up 5 row a= |? sy 8 ana al inten pv ssin’s dusde heise var = Peete ae[iveme deerme +1e'f = 522 —2)= 102-10 18 In es the was and 22 2, ae [heteaeit eos | esde Sows nega page t wohe1.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS 475 , [wseiseie=| aepess @ We har tn 0 the ete gl an neo te er oe ete () and hen ito (2), we obtaie In e+ 222) (la? 1 21a 1 42)) gel Suing fom 8) waste? stein 2422} =r a 22 1 The volume the soli revelation i 2r(— 1) cube wi. [HT V cubic units jn the volume when the region of Ex. 38 is revalved about they axis. An element of volume is 8 clindrcal tell eonored om the yes of ean radios, and attade Io m ing teminmaete | atnnae Tat w= Ine and do do, Then do ed de and vn 2 ve2d} is} -}[* 2e)=24) ue] P i, seine wit et seg il zeae ee ede = [pente te nan semen ton whofe teen et basatestcin wararuat ies tacay eb tee ea “ied Tat Ge and de xe-*Vde, Thea du = de and seach 2] "ee ad reset afte tate) (4) ate? iF) er of ttn pnd yactag ees ong ney curve y=2ze"*/3, the x axis, and the line ee OIE, ie / en cleemmimenclionm ant tintene oss vgn a Soar eso a wilt Sage ae alge dent v aaa oS ‘Sm Sqtorteraed rec fy) eae esha unie ws elena the maa svete, tet Y= ,tp 3 dneoP ae [tee aente['eete (1) ‘We us itagration by pans. Let thes Jeeta: @ We integrate by pats agai with uae « a Thus, retane carts fire ere aes ® ‘Substituting fiom (3) into (2) and then into (1), we obtain Ven trlastet 420-2 ef = b(t 8 Barge) 1+ The volume ofthe slid of evoation s 8e(1— 13) cab ules 24) = (= 20) Ai 6e-4)443} TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRAIS AL IF M kg ie the mas of the ted, then M = [2a tod dn Pb Tend sect [Baer Mya} "oats —sinteyee = 44" et w= Eapd d= (on «si 2. Then = do and My= atin ston [Mine ten he FVE-[-ew ein FT HVEA1 aes a * |. The region in he fis quctant bounded by tbe une 9 =€082 the nes y= Land 2 = reveled lie 2 fr Find the wedome of the + Thetague Mos the sepce ads plar sein of ie sid of revolution. The ement of ae is rctangl srdih'S nla, and cement f wale lo lndiod el of hickaww A= At wat, ean nts, nad sae & = 1 com Tham tp rar dp, Steir mnlmoaeae fe = Lew 04. The comida (287,008 THO Te (0.267.050). cP emayt ems) ée Weve iegraon By pat wh ere wares Ths ym aef grate —at ef + [27 eine de} ~ ao etree] aed —9) The volume of he sald of evolution 2x? — 1) cubic uals {45 Choe the org at th top of te tak withthe pstive 2 axis downward. Let W fs be the mr dome fring il tie wae tthe top ofthe tank Ag sonent of ume mm drelar dk of raion ©" reload Let s= ds tey eee wu fo* ingen we [nets = woffa effectual — wef bert feoeh meat bete DH ster te egw tant: [eae= siecle Tests ae have O=6. 5 eee avi ede Let exe-sins tort is 40. With # <0 and f= 0 we1:1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS 477 45. A manutactwer has Gisevereé shat if 101 unis of a patticular comedy ace produged per otk, the ‘marginal cost is deermined by 22°/* and the macginal reve i Getemined by £2 "7, where bth the [poductba cat and the pvenue are in thousands of dallats I the weekly fixe costs smut te $200, find {he masinuen wee'y peo tha! can be obtained, > Lat C(e) thewnnd dollar be the ont of yrocing 0k ula of the comenadity, Becmae Ce) theseand dlls the marginal cot of producing Ur wits and C(0)thowand dlls isthe Fined cost, me are giver Ce) eso C00 Thus, = Be ea 8 ta He) trend oy Sete wrasse Dw ches) md sh pedal corgloprepctiat aii ghaeetetia Rie) = [8)2~*/? and R(O)=0 em aft te)= [oar de =" IEP(z) tossaad doles isthe wekly profit when 100¢ sais ate priced and mld per week, thes P(e) = Rls) ~ C2) Pile) = BY) Ce) = (a-#F antl By wal, we Sad P(2)=0. Furthermore, P(s)> 0 # 2.<2 ané Pile) <0 if 2>2. Thus the abwluie ‘maximum occare when 2 = 2. We ld he pofit when 22. Prom fq (2 we go BI qaapt? ar (2) (2) or [r ay? + Became 100P(2) = 625, ne conde thatthe mus weely profit is 6925 ‘Thos, Pea ieds ecinnirs or receaon eranonsrt 100 a Beri ne [om md EERE = fern Abo a fern na — Gee taste aan in ado = ae focm neg nso m) se tu ceria 52, we fora (4 (terete the defi inal 6 dite, Chek by NINT: s. [opetanse dam pg sin te — 300030) = Bye 04 9) OTH Pgh Seo [orotate fornala (6) with o = 8 and n= 4, we have cute de glen 4a) a= eH) + KO) 2790) +401 ange lta get ni.te80 sven [ete ede= [ined ana? +6. te Then fon dds nd v= E25 i: 8. (I wae —h ke [resie= etme a (Win ra webwve ['Pinede Eine He oateg ot a al = Oo ER [Fy ato nh fee = | (fra and gé -1, fa eyegE= [te 2984002) 2 betta eens) ia sive yf + fferae ntectnetl wtntuetie so(ter-§-Br4) a orig feinsyrae. raven 1a-mgoNOMETHIC METNGRALS tor [eae te, ini pith oi ge ad n= oe sin dx) = (sin%ey! "1? (ain 2 de) = (1-1 conte) 8(—d cos 2) (ooo de) cue nec dw iter mo 5 (va pve gs Gy nnhs cae dem seHe cnn 2 ds) = ins!" eon 2 (i sate os de = sas cal™la(con sda) = sin*a(osts) "(om = de) Mou may vo uve reduction frrula. See Eeries 67 and 68. [ante du= de satu (rah 79) atu de= or-tusin et Ven 2 de) sista (ew 2) oate(— ene 3) {1 sina" (asin 2) cosh coet-Fy dy (Formula 74) ao aim ene essa ann acaose®72 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS 479 ted) [odo [de a de vhs mw pve nine eta = tw ihe =I oho | went Oh (he fon ar be dy) fom are ds) [nae en sin asin b= fons) eos(s-+8)] cos cos b= Hean(a—') +cesa+8)), sino cond = Hsin{a—b) +sin(a+8)] ave 4:6) flants ds on) [sore de, where ms pntve integer Lip tante tant Fe ante de = tan" Aafeate thde (fi cote de a cote cole de cot Fa(ecte2)de an: () Joke ds ori) Jae de we ni te neg ad 92 en, i) sees dz = see Fa{oee2s de) = (secte)"-*! eects da) = (tana + 1)°7V"(d tan 2) (i) eves dem coe #a(osee de) = (nce f 7 Merete de) = (cots + 1} dot 2) ese) uresnr ae [attrearv ee mis npai lagral n—D fi) tan*reecedz = tan" sec" Pelsccte™ I ecete de) = tasiteltarts + Wa tan 2) i) cot cscM adem cots cae” 2e(ccle de) = ct a{ acs! (eue2s de) = cotMeootte + 1"-2V% deat 2) Select de) Ce ee {sansa de~ tates" tan se) ~ (inte 2) = ce = a ae 2) A eotrcneedr= cota (setr= hee Eaadees) aun 8 Ue tration ola 0 footage hee e tan e+ 2f foeFede (ora 7) (i [ests de = — Lee Pa cat case 9: feanrasces az or (uy [cots see de vere ms evn and isd - Apply Cae to leottfese™4a( dese) (ese reo) lcet"4e da (Formula 78) fi) tants secs = ee eee ey ee Gi) cots exes = (cote) Fese™ = (eee = 1)" ese Wal For = cemrnery 1.6) [rats ery [uate din) = dec (0) fooPae sin ae ae See Bue 67 Sa vate theif ater, Chk your anewer by difewntintion or graphically I nte-tnateds)= feats 20 (0 fo esa ede = feo Je en = 2 (a) fasteade= [Reese J = cotenine de = fine des frota(osin de) cos des foe dine) =aites Foot Jes weenthiorte (0 foot eae = [Ja tcsaye=fersnz)+¢ 4 (9 fotedsi fustarce > (a) Becanse we havea od pone of in, meat the method af ae Let [eodede= [eceteooe wd) Jo-wpe H+ We440 "TRCHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS (0) Beas we ar ve peo in own he hed fe ar ares [mcontepen e—pan tev 1 tense foes dem fae sidan de [is saan ee js — Join’ (0) [ VasFsiets d= [e!? = fort -en?ah-dess) = feasts) feos poe 96 vee 4:0 mtorr fet neonates [testo = Igee- sia3z)(sin 32) ee Be de 1 fom tecntede mf core tone tehtem Joins fysin THC fine ala 3e)-¥— in 30) coe de) ~ fin 38 —f in SFP fe fitbeaeleat ease pt (oa C3 J-tec [ina sa ote ote fersn ee coins emt + 0, [em ty coe yay =| f(a 2y sin dy —f erty — feet +0 uw, [eset fle sca anat=an2ls ain tdr C=} Jinete u [ewteaem [ecte-the=funbe-r8 6 de Then we apy Ce, eaat(eryerda)= [rade [lec —1pdu = tan wat Cmean 4 Biante de = tee [cotstee=1)) we fo sata [(eeat—net=—toet-t4e ws. feted [loc net tata [ae teartonta~ eiedtafottoitanele€ 6. (eatin fea wpe te= forte pete wate We apply Com 4 ite [tants = [tats fumes) [ee afte [ects iide fame eFC a [itae de = [tanttelon’8e— Dae = ffantaus acts de)— [ranttede tanks [auPteon82— 1 =f anso— pfsstactsattc de) [tants de a fytantte feasdaet [(oeeie de = fet defeats tans e tSTa tmcoxoMerRc Bonus «1 ~foreones}foceaee-pureete-tuferesea +c Joust ymca ce= fate van esc “penta [otro = penta [on tft) [ote de» —foute featae la 6c dt, [sede [eacte= [etotnta te st Da(ee?2e— 1) (edu —de = fianta tan 0 +O =ftane) ne) +e+6 we = facet [ectenetade= [cater un = ftan'u + tan e+ C= 5 taste 2) +can(ln 2) +0 a3, feasiewete de= [tasPates?e tee de= [Gas +tanfestede =Beante + }rants+ 7m. [rssteseds de Beceme webare sold power of gent, we te Ca 7. osteme do [viteedaeestaneds)= {ab iPucae inne) let reseed see stan zd Then Jatontrae= [ot rverm [tence bt —Bheieec nec Fnects +h secs + C 25, [cote ca'te de = [eor’3{eo23e + tose? de =} (et 32+ cotkte)(9 oc*8eds) a= pestis Jeoaes as, [(eceae tae sofas = [ntie 42 meds meds + ecthayde = | nelie +1 ee We tectazs han See hiten fel—feotSa+C a [an 2s toot ede = [(tntte +2 cateehte = [soe =142 ce Me juan 2- foot 2040 ™ rots . Ine lee ocetied te) =tan ewe te, [tingmlae [san wien matey tea —ttn ws6 30, tat um J dale [Pee a2 featdu 2 fanaa 2 [tan ee = 2 tan wood de)—2 [tan udu tan'u—2lase nt + C= tx? /F2 Ine | +6 [tatersee-tentere‘2 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPDR INTEGRATS = [Sie Wem ened etn Je [iter an [atten =ba'nsc aa. [etigee= [paamiz aes [omgde ——faw tere —foctese in Jastatianres + Nontse de) vR RE xh an ™ news| (Geen f arnt (1-2 corre tentenyde oe cate ie Nae mre delle pant ft gan ei, a0, [sa Se cos yeas We ue the tind formals of Cue 3. [Patent preen [™ fobtedes [°? [too tee af ate at. [2 sn ae cosseds =} "sin 2e +n Sele = fem 2e— Hees f= GVH 9)~ G1) 24-0 [fhe ensetentf Manta rants tonts pent AGHA pas 4 m4 I as aelaeclae dn) PP oan Aa de 19. [Rca fT tiene dem [71 tn elt te) [2 ote Gf -foe iff) = font afb [7 bse eae on > Whyte method of Ge 5 tet tan aed dy 22 tlt |! oe! 4) [Peta 24 et 2 a= [62 1h) aye spe tgove-riovi-mimovi-212 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS 483 (042 uate ttantebetede he a Sinan. ete a fenton wif fa) tay t= 6. Trig bumde by 9 ‘ Azydp, Sanwaes [- tearad|" @-exrnae Iny3=1 fa? sinks and the» eal: ak cared on te «atin «© [0] [sate de= Jo [coe ane fe fotnze, ode? 8, Andes of wore endl dk ite on hai [t,o nin ia Eretarne| cations |, (egeaty ag] -zentesentote ae -sete] off) Prefer diel Pak Be 52 The mgins bonded by they ach andy ~ dw andy ene fr 02 Ferenc ss ad the ele ofthe dal ecaongeot To leu shove the ein: The sort ofl» cen fg of ke ses By tetera co er a ner adi nite Te Vn, tim, SE xemPe; -eateyaje = (77, bea Br ae (code —nale ie (142 em 2x eoetoeyde te, Et tnttan =f fn (PAY Jom of -4f Utama —Jetsnzek - 3" ( Pr etdae ef <3 peg ge % Anco tr nh and om Jin, Seay484 TECHNIQUES OF INTIGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS Sh The gn intended bpp mosh = Lad eo ae [ mwotemieliiotoat Myo [P7 sor des bat wm and de cone de. Thon du de and w= sine. Fen a sain ef [1 inne ems he ef freee HH[rPootese nf beep ae Hes baal =p fane- fey The cote aa the pot (=p taat bro death) 96. Find the cent ofthe region of Beerche 52 > There iz bounded by the yas and = enone aos fee 02 che Wishvi-1= 3-1 M,= | GEESERET = ain teens) "— [ine tem eye = fpvi-[eesetanef! = eye! Meo fe niasie whom arte fana} a} rel RS Jo/42) (EHD) = The centroid is at r(V142) - V/E+ IK V2=1)). S51. Te eon nbounded by y = unt, be aim 2 = J Aa [Paateaee (Gate ptenta safe 58, Therebon bounded hy ~ fees the vas = ester on te =a, 2 seh ol eds Ses Let Ve, fp, § roacwPacaor| (ote + 17a de) 98 | een [Seen nae = oft de + uly = of koe + se 1) YS = 50, An ten ln er dk ert en thea eo An Vey fing 3 wloctesaene [7 atomic de = |" (ante +theete de sw affuante stan e[/* =a} 41) =$e 0, The fate of a dam isin the shape of one atch cf ZFC [_1N0,104}, ad the surface of the voter fe st the top {ne force due o water presure on the face af the dam fisiance i measured > Sie the Sguie, Let f(s) —p. The force gn a vertical element of area fle)dz and reas dept 1/(6), i fo)? IF Ib isthe force on the Gsm, brace of symm, Poe ted baie =o "Cena smn? cong = oe ange] = eo = The fore on the dar is 52,200000 Ib = 15.600 ters. infer dz =} "(1 ~eostno)dz = Y2—ghsin Yne], = Js because sin Ine =0 for any integer n12'TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS 485 [J oteue= (27 I= [J cotede= [27 os aytie [ote —uitee= [°7 (os artee [°" Ceo eee Heat ie dae them fea te inten 9 =. 68 tata dew Th cos resin dem [*co(-neusn(maray-d)= "cones nai ec ibs it de i igen tam {ony nen ad 17 ny nan sf" = ey pad eg ew a em ee cticerialt ERAS > ie ce ayn ig = Yodo ih wre a0d b= rice, Ths o @ ® [sor mee cos mrs ge =0 men Parthermere, ifm = m then n= m= 0, and bate cos 0= 1, then teal mae de = [és ® By aibatiaing rom Bas (2) a8 (4) ino Be, (1), ve obtain f 6a) fence = ne” *AEEE AE nA ns nin 2p Meme] =esicatangctem [tere Phos (nyt teeta tame (02) area de and m= oeerecoemreds = ifm=n heme Pean (no font de tesa haf tote esjfacon) fife bBo fk fede Ne ctieetdbeontine 66 a) [ ected =f eet tan +f [secede =f sete an 2 fGeccetan 243 ees de) sfunctstan 24 fects tan shuns C (0) [ects de = fee's tans tf ectede fod rtan 2+ Mees ans Hfees tans + fineee ean 246 socetan 2+ Some tan 2 fyscer tans jlsace bien 214.6 Bb. (m1 [lhastre de BEL A MaaPade = FG OAD. ttm tm I, then496 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS, [Paesmnttsh tanned Woce cfr tsi tecsintme cstv [Fax twan< [Patan [Fanta de Bebesee (Sm) 1.5..u(2m—1) g Pen lOm—2) doe 2.2.4-4...,2mi2m) se Te I a eT Fra ee Bese i BO ~ 1, Walla forma fellows Ue goer rnp (6) [ante dem fants eos 8 [ste de mbintecons fpisteose— feos 4C (0 = oe feos) +0 cas) +8)4C- == fh oe 19 cots = 10 cts 15) 40 = con 24 JeoPe feo 1. (0) Dei the nds forma shar mean nar gute shan 3 foot sdu=droe usin +251 feet? wis (Formas 74) nz de)ac trcon s+ {pene con 242} eos sinte + 4sia?s +8) tos 2 Gente +2 coca +4—A coe 48)+C in Example 1 (0) As enn maa rn etd (0 Showa rr er arco Bagh > (a) Beene si? ww cad 4 then Dos" usin w) = (2 ~1}eo8"? ui =1)c0e"? ufo a 1) eae ea! u=(n— eos"? site cor edn we afestadin tot fea tte chia nda 3) Gijon uname oerre x cenn [ets ee fenPeina sifted coPesin e+ Hj co sin 2432) =feotesnet feoeda e}e+e @ (©) Applying te double angle formulas sin 22 =2in 2 cos and cos 2 =2ecs?s—1 to the answer of Example we get $e fai Be tgp sine + fet fin 2+ psn 2 con De net fan coon 184 2000%)+6 hich is evant to (2) (0) feats den fac tecs at 2ds)=—Late 46 de fn 2b tenes) (0) Jeane cers de = [one ste tan ds) sae'e + to, [rats co'e as, i= [aeeentaen nn = fat (0m fade dob [meade nde dens [teen =) feat (23 (esin zeos2Pde = 4 side de =f (cokes 8 de) = | coe ~ Me os 28) Bee -co 29) 4 Cy (2) a (©), we ew 22 = 1 wontons sto go (a) und con 22 = 2eas'e—1 to get (0).+73 INTEGRUTION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION 487 73 INTEGRATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION inate the sqvae root radia! in an exprsion that we wh to integrate y ranking & 2, Hea the integrand may covtain an expesion ofthe fort: cue 2 VTP Come 3 We ke @ ein“! Welet ¢=ta0"? § Wel ‘Then, w= asin ‘Then, =a ten VE =e w acct and VEE a1 8, du =acont d0 denenton ‘You shoukd memorize the choice for (in each of the three cass, but do not attempt co memorize the {eplceuent fr she exrensoa cotaiing th eda or the eplcement for du. Rather se the tigonemetic ‘denies tnd the difientiton frmuls forthe trigonometric functions te derive thew repeemveat I the {dual vovtnine © guedraleelnomiah, we int rompleta the aque. The Metin nea are the flowing. taste td Beatin mind that if the integrand contains an odd power of u, then ax lgstaic satiation may be ese. ‘A llipe of sesanes and 8 ba area 4. Thus atl of rains rhs aren ar4 See Perce 1 icntris nearve sch that theleng of the segment of every tangent lite frou the pont of tangency is = oie costan Ax equation (ne Bx. 46) 2 = inf) VATE = emt $= VPP Baris 13 8 1 etan8¥ = sed cto) In Exercaes 1-12, eslvale the inte integral Le tets=2un? these b-20 Cand “br £0< Oi <0, Than de=2 cu PP and Yard = Vana = ea = Bont we \aftcan easyer ec Jose pin here <0 <]r if >and fr <8 < its <0, The de= 2 ew 6 dP and Yard 2 Vina = 2oaTi ~ 202 pe Jeera fiooe-nya 3 tt s=Dand whet <0 ce > 0and fc <0 <0 Ten de VF Fa = VF ant 24 = 2V/sec'f = 2eee 8, [ojo Inari if > Weise method of Case? witha = sand a= Vi. "Thus, welet tm-F, 2=Vétans, de = yb dd and Ai Pen aT = Vio et er = |ieantvenco a. nd fart [octal dyacracess cron face] {han 0 1an Hideto] Cm tne an 0-3 Ban 16 ae 5-1 SF alec beVFTE- se /FFE+ NHS [esther es out sft nett thcb488, TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRAIS where © =C-Sinv/é- Doan tedentede [finn [88h févauscavFBre a = Tian 8, de = YP rwe’S dd and 2427 = 2+ 2ian"d = 2(1 + tan*s) =? sec. Lie at vena = ES iota epintvon see wher 0<0

Jand r<0 ‘Teg: Let w= 2 wed where 0<0-< Jr fu >2and r-<0- 0, VET = VIG tO = te ft pli = WiEsgocd[invarcpuecs-mst §— Xe “Hp ale pe LBD onso . ° Methed 2. Lot v= +25, 2 du = 40d, otee Seams [Sages = Pate wile AEE] tar! b= tan B Then du =5 se? a and « [layiee We te the methal of Case 2 with «=2 and o= tnd=t (ome ssvit eV 0073 ae yet oa bie (cas [Se [ata Met tectemnet nba naresatiggona dean facet iivindlcaaiad stk Ly ran ane tan dt ae eels his +2y)—lna-+ VB) = nat58 sec, 16+ P= 16 +16 tn? ~ 16 se tat (ogee fleece fein ol avi waous490 "TOCHNIQUES OF INTPGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS Tig Lan tie x el sine denbent dbnnd VoD = VETER [iit [PRS af tana cont-en tan = 64 can 84 cod! = (tt VI-+ 8 JV) (-64-+14) = 0+ 54 4M = 12a Align ft 16— 24 02. Then =A em Peli fh, ses [i e-whyte= tof =) 02/3 ay) = byw aor » oes > We compete the squire. Nae ee [eee = iE risen de Jgrdviwocnss pe mel ota Ligig eet oneness ata He Ag she tan) — he worans an 6 where € [Jo] becaue 2 €[V 3.2/9. Then a aucrinag Vera eiraneavee sie of

(RSs eae psiloc Ota dt, VEG = VID = Bad as [2 MEHR ioe [States cep tan 148) ~ [BCP ZLL9 [mc 8 con 9 -=hefsccO-+ tan 9|-sin 9? =n} +9)-3=1n3-$ Wyola ZaL it miso thelagh of ue fom #21104 then 20d Lag 8 tans, btan 8. Then == tan 6 de = sec and YETI be [Ecc tencae) = [cc manta na = [* nea tan te MO nn ns ae den afc tae cot 6) y= V8 A=} — Vinh y8—1) m 23009 36, Pad the vlan of the ad grad by reveling th open hounded by the curve = VEFT/, the « ten and te ne #5 aut te 9 aie . > Sein fgee An cement of same ea eda hl of ck 3 teen alos and ale) = €[3.9} IV cae waite the ete, the Valea Etreatedse = [een 6 tie vane hae We see the mithod of Case 3 with 93. at @— wet Ebene“! Thos denser ianed) aed a vate? Cran etn d eat 6, (cy —a)de eft = | Fees hen 9 ad de = du Tan aarft pega a2 igi seen tie gf = ted sean + The volume fe 2e(4~S eo? §) = 2e(6—3 un?) cue une Algebras Weld east1:8 INTEGRATION OP ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION 495 An slemest of olme isa Gs catered op the x ai, = € 15,0 radios (P= voy kp, Eeeaerh some? ave P es tect 2 btin Bhar € [0 fe] bene € [3 Then de = 94008 and Van2 = 9-9as8d = Vex = Beast. vane | on 0 98 sent d= tte [77 ate td = se ee Rah ee gate Sy 224, =2e IL eit the hag of we om £= 0 ce tet = tenrtas, botan- sa} tan de =hsedd 68, TF a= Vit aD =e 8 Thos Le fp weenie} [nor ara oben t +e tD HOV/S/542) a My= [eve FSG = 5 (24 420)"P ae ae) = He? +367 = fr000-219 = Ht [iV FB ae tees tart f bmtan hf Thee == tant dem 6 mc at and VETPGS ~ VETTE TT = bie ~ 6 8. Thro Ma JP 96s d= tec tan #+ nee ¢ an off = flo 1 40-418 a 392 ya Eom the ae oe py ib aey The eter of ei gg om em ss meters fv one nd is JES? haf. Pind the rms an center of We dei el ppt be he a= [2 be a Weare gen thet (a) Ostan“{aja) Tees aan Guo de= 346 o0 and VO4 4 =Soee 6, This OF M129 Ct db atin ans gl Ba 308 y= [evTa Beeb 404 aPAP = Van) 90-9) novi=1) 207-1) y wpa es + The mam in atous 103 aid the enter of mas i aout 1.59 m fom the od 4 Dh opin el by p= VE he ain and em a= f° MED Let e= dace Pand a= vee", there #€ [al bene + € [8,5 Then de 3 #108 #48 and VE= = VoD = Vag = 3 a 6. There [pepe somosane an [anipae [tg an = [ne afte vn alma Tif §|-$)—0% ies [fe Bae f fame tan tds 8 [unt a =3 |e ne Sin 34 ting the ame substation, 2 3um 0-9 n3-§-3 me wnifeetern ake corpal ioe 29-1bea 5 =o BRIT 1" BIG I=496 TECINIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND INPROPER INTEGRALS aa Lt O=sin%a/e), 42 An equation of elapse 4/24 +y#/4*— 1 inthe rst quadrant is ea asin de con dl, ft fat = VT =ain = con®, Are = 18] taco a) = 20h (rte 20 = 2a = a 20 18. Choon th sda ind ab ey were. Th fh utah nen ch Side eirner esa diam eects wae = Bei val ceca eis tas mare be Foyt, B tev/ Ce 1?3 can Pp einai) = ee JF = Va= asin — 2V ios = 2 coe, Therefore saanjeanconta=t gt | ean cafe (tsseeande Bream ife shun lyfe ap =Adjp +|n+)-4v3) 42V50 =(Gr+3va)onsyx 0 44. A gus in an ivgntion ditch i inthe shape of segment of sive of rion 4 (The top af the gate a horizontal sd 5 £ above the lowest pint ofthe gate f the water lave in? & above the tp ofthe gate, Hk the freon the gate ds to water preseare 1 See th figure Choose the = axis downward with the orga at the ceier of, the chele- An element of aren bas » with 2/IB—u, Height Ae and is = faye bam aad (uF I badow the water lev IF F pound isthe oer the gir Mpa det eanlie-ataents|usaviewdae Re =a [{vie=Pas + [iv=Fe] 7 ” Fog the mcos intial af (1) He have 4fos ~23)!(-2ed) Vib~F = Vi6= WARY = A coe 6 epee, ten [dom oyseond an) 8% srg = fo inal? = 80+ ain # coe 9]? = be ~ (oom! J +4V7)] ® ‘Substituting from (2) and (3) lato (1) we get = 244 Baio"! =} +8) = leant Sway Tena) sm. The fore onthe gue dt wate resus abst 2491 1, 45, Chom bez ais owed nd tle te ya a hg lve The a of he ak the gon eco 1p the cele =O 4? = Ot An denent oa ina ero rp of width 9/E=T— 9? ms en ep IF thf onthe ed due al pra, hen 1 dpa Beale inet athe tes 224 Fai Owere de [bb bese (0,2 Then de = ce and (e—e— fie GA sind = 8y/coe = 8 c08 8. Therefore rasa tameyeennyoons a = e[ 7 en eraiog [Pet ane FE78 INTEGRATION OF ALGRARAIC FUNCTIONS BY TR:GONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION 495 269 [7 (on 20, Ep cao = 156 04a), + 184 ya) soe fet iV3) = tap = (E+ s0V/8) a = 084 oF et etn il rn tg eins peg oem -[ EE Sainiate yas dy wesw ode, JEP a Va Pao 222 [igtecn adn) =e tgtidstexaftine-ceonte a wacom ritecotetelad =F fg, SB] “The constant in eenste y= a when 2 AF. The distance walked ew = 24 VOTH = ale VE) 7 1B (9 When oi and y=, = 1515 f%) = poche yy a oh AI TS | aa. Sunge © hound moving song te pias carve, a tracts. chasing & UBL rns loge © ae rae ging nthe eon palating 3 ‘he sbbit Eipnin wiy the hoaod ie aways he same datance from the {oblit o that ne cathe the mb o> Becats the hota i alas poining a the MBO, dane rom he SS slong s tangent tae tothe tc. By ent, ts tangent Tine eget almaye Bethe ame ne 60) ine 8, de = 200 Oran Od, = | rend aap ]7Pocede=pindeace+eee| Moga W- “Seedy Mavi ~tay) = nd (6) We enor na #2 in 9 cane sin 12 ‘All PARTIAL FRACTIONS =e cos" g and sof = ost 2 oat seas (0) When om Sand © wra08 40 = ano Partial Fraction 1. If degiP) > éeg(D) divide to get quien Q(x) and remainder Riz). Fons on R/D. for B/D 2, Fector D into powers of distin linear and iedaeible quadratic tars. 3. For eth (a2 +8)" we gt the terms Se Aabenepvege MEEE 4 MEtBL gg tae te 4: For nth (a+ betel wend a irget take tata beber Phan For distinct fctors, use the methed of uadsternined coeffelente muliply by D to get a Dpobuomual identity sad sabntate the rout Corpere caliente of the highat powet to ge Stree equation if edd, Tr repeated fetor, jun divide repeal: the quotient ie over Tower power, the temaindes is cover the origin pover. Whpn powers are aegativ, arrange iv inezeaing order. We indicate the oni lone dian by = a eae(96 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS eres Att ipso san Gn a eine a pO Op 1 Byeacatern artes ‘ae a b= Ale 2) m2) fit, HEMalass oa Resery= Dt ebeteSs Gea! 238). ag +8) Cade 2) beh eal avats #48 Ale s4B6-3) ea, 1 a2 sea ott ath y= hye on Dee 2) ae © afar isa tt Sem Airs 2)4 B21) 4 ants 1 SB etitionsrta eeu aaner nro 2) eee eT 5B, B=?Adil PARTIAL FRACTIONS 497 eer) te feu Be aes Hee aeciesgt tats Pin Geraery- Baste? * eae oth ey Alt 1+ Ble—5(¢+1)+02—5) ‘3b=36A,A=1 yo, —ee15 S415 Gre ep ee F let rane f= pee Ltr gut ~ Spe = 3418s ee? fey = aS nase a Sis Bs aaa kafactemeash Kectanetag ay ny Based. 1 Patent ‘en ere a sseath] faz m pias cul Bate fish ap aor aesees a=) mo Eth eau ~ EE teal een Poues6 ae ar Ar = Alea 2s Bet Ne—2}+ C+) fete tl rte es Posed _ S244 1 a Be eieaeen Eyota s, Tree Tete498 TRCHSIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRAL ne et an. ace Mya Hata)” 4yet 7 F827 432412 We 44) +32 s4) -Hetpie+§ A ,Beac erated) EFF 2 a3 Az + Le 8 =A(2e4 4-3) + (2 4-42 +0) > st EE sie nets sest ste aie+) 3et4 tra (e+) 324 2e~ (22422 +4) +(2 ~2)(Be+C) —2+%s3 A, By were ey” Pt EsT det tate eve wtept= Safe = Alz+ I(x? +1) + Bz(z* + 1) + (Cz + D)zie +1) > Genesee Far (eA NG Bet) 4 (Ce Dhan) 6242 Ale Sgt) +4 1NBS+C) 2B, B= -2 BA, A. 32742 4: *Ditesdaaeinaesas (es tere) wee tesan2ea204(Ce+ De +2) te ~ 32-1 =(2 +1(Be+C) wal ¢2=(Cz+D\z +2) Divide bye Diideby ac tei taeec teh eS a 28nts1 Prese-1 a 22 Te nese * eee ET ieee dette = N41) 4(6-1KBe40) tae det te4 12) to ae(e~1\Be +0) +(A-B= Cet (B+) 4s? Te$5=(2-1)Be +O) Divide by =~ 4e-8= Bes fake St stores store, B Byasatd Fert ser) So—oss8 A Bese Geren) FT rae feo tens Mes eleHtRe+O) 2 aA aa Heat + 15+ (2+ 1(Be+C) F442" emt yoents, j=2e, e+ ibe +O) Sie OT eye 2.4 peas e+e SS FeesA.lI PARTIAL PRACTIONS 499 zo 8 phi FEET) eSee bot ety A “i — 2a sea a SEE Ppeieate—nie +9 sme) Bett4 _ aeted 1 Sete tte —S2)—4r-1 Heat sa ya eT 22 det —823 8+ Q(e—1Ke 42) ME) Saated (Hae FS soc bb for-or tl] = Qe = fe? 9) 4 Ble 1) Divide by = 1s u sense Fret rm ait i214 P42 (+7 Divide by 2° +2: Q=3r+4, 15 a pee faogbyeteets l 6 tet ete ie 1 stiles 221 Bp : shes go, asim He2eta ret btetae-d > qo lg 28 ___ ‘ gh itagiet * nevinderaesa Sa ra as ; On es lest tera? partes Gia] ana yee & A ae (tots) Sota ous tabs ate mi ene) Tete. tt sags “Fal Fy ay L =e —— ase2u , -ue we Sateee Gate P tent, Wend Sceeet ia eee ‘A INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS AND LOGISTIC GROWTIL Partial Fractions The lutions asue that Appendix A.1 above has bess std well Topic Grom 1° = Ay =9) hes y= 2 nt + Mam Action for Second Orde: Reactions $f = Ka—2)0~2) Serco 14 a Bers 1-10, evalate he nda tel e+) +Be~ B=, Jigefe=2[ rhyee sa | yie= eile ris sble tile ticl = ce Des HF]500 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 3 yaate 4 Ge er D ee B=S let e+e 2 Multiplying by 2(2-+ (2-2) we obtain 42-25 Ae 412-2) 4Be(e-2) +Ce(s+1) Lets -2=-2A, A= Leen 6238, Ra? Let 6=80,C=1 festestagte= [4-2 fare [step mereaitegrintte-atenacto if SED In Exercise 5 and 6, divide sumerstor by denominator. 8 ge bite eats cB = Me 4+ Ble) y2n26t=5_ get tite aeceiaa Tay To Dare (2:21-TA,4=3.t=-} Halo, Ba? JeRetesere [foal aggre nt—ande aif 4 t eeesart eva fat om [HED cee (tery pla een 14 (642) (429% oh plgchdtsaientesiiec Ape gBp t-te ages) +n-2) #(e—1), We divide by 2? and thea by x—1 a8 shawa below: a [ezeepe ge (Be ort We-titlec‘A INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL PUNCTIONS AND LOGISTIC GROWTH 501 ». fasta [ently [Fepe# [ede ela ienb-deretessic ene pa. pte nthe bert spt t-te a tes tert s0He= ieee 2 Letw= =I: #220, lege lobe 11-2 fw + lac ecu eso is-ke neh [xtaieet 4 [edey=t0erfuvees1efudoin uf eRe "| ats fe Method 1, Pector the denominator into Hncar and quadrats factrs. Clear fictions and sqeate potent af 2 min® aint w4+BtSie A(2z"4 1) +(Be +O); 1= (244 Ble? 40244 Therdore 284B=0; C= 0 A=1. tence B= ef [$2] fasts}? le fice dul] abe» oe [EMG = fava ledtcle del S| ter 18. We fictor the desominstor 24-42 (2? +4). We divide by 2 and then by 4.4.2" as shomn below. Sasbiats [agiitnte [Berek le peat zener tne rosteiere aad f 28 dt BND kisB, sabytcte t= Saket ae02 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS ap pn A By te Yeti (= 1yet) BAT AT aT Um A(Re+ 12241) + 82s 1) 6024+ 1) + (Ce Dba? —1). Let x = lets 1218, B= he sO AB Compare ceticientsof 2: 0'= 8+ 88+ Af de if. do _t{_de fetes fatr-t ts # lofts > Wefactor the denominator e+ 2? lagfiy~ Site (Ga! +1). We divide by 2 and then by 922 + 1 a4 shown below. he Ie Hie 2A Bree Gee ET ST @+1)+(Be +C)(e~1). et 2=1: +B)" +(C-B)e+(A—6). A o 1 ep A Fre (1) weg B=1—A= 0 rm (2) wept C= A= 1 Tete (geile fir [fe alle thsta tec mi4se42 te 45r42 obese M Breseat Tae sieh He Fee 248242 AGP 28-42)4(2-+2KBe-4C) r= =2-4-= 9A, A=? Subatitng Or A, 2243242 ete 442444 (= 42KBe +O} 2-25 (2-4 2KB24C), Be +C Jrete- e-aE Ine +2|— tan Mest) 40 (otew tmecods _ (nai ( (ame trams] tee Jee ne er) 18. Let u tan 2; x sects de. Then 2 A, Buse Gane ery Tt eT (F041) (Br+Olu+l). Leta ‘Sobstitotng fr A, Aud TS(BubO\ut e+ 1 = But Olv+ I, BeFC=t bS=sAo A nbc Mantis fptaor Ec Ma a Ten 64D 43 The fd om A Band Coch tat P4134 B. aisles i8 4, Hestaoe = Lat 1829, A= -32-0B,B=1 o=A-28. ee ese ~[e Teter ahead ahali=t0ee- nants ape 33%) Be BEES 4 4 Set Ae a) 4 (Beh Che 44 502 Therdoce A+B 4 (64 Seide Far Part ees2e Heh D 4 MerD alee oe le (AER)! 4 Cee48 4A, Hence A = 1, B= 4, and C= 0. Thus © [6G ate taste ctnlets alt= (ane+2in 2105 ~61n 2 41588 est Dery eter BE A(z? 41) + (Be +C)(x 42). Let z= 2% -2=5A, A = -He2+1)+(Be +0), Hae? +5242) = (Bet Cle +2), Be+C= (2241) fo araetasan wi sea |, e+, ots tte] beeen In3+}in2+t. Jen fuisfeatgentioes Sa®—3z 418 Sz ~3z 418 — Set gagary triste Se! Je 18 AD- 2G +2) + Be +2) +02(0-2) 0:18 = ON 49 Am 2 fet ao 9654 9D 9D Lt oe 87D 16 Om 2 5 State ae = [hy gS gt = 2idei-aind—el-a a reff a en Send fing) (Sn 2-4 las) = 19 in 2-4 lng 257316 am [fate Js aa16 2 ate wie 2 A,B Ged Method 1 ris ~The SOTA tear era ba 4 Bm A(e 42)244) 4B =2)44)+(Ces DEH lat AG ASL Metra -8= 2B. B=1. GP te NP 4207 te 8) + B20 4 te 1)4 C24 Dat Ace AD Sa? —dz (A+ B+ Ce? + (2A 28 + De? +(44 +4B-{C)e + (8A-8B ~4D) Thenloe A¢B+C-5 2A=204D=0; (A4(B—AC=—h €4~62-4D=0 Solving the is wo ost we ge © Sates f* hays [* ey a" etme siete ae ale + all =((n2:+106-+ $0) (05 «in 19)= In 238 4 fin 2 tn «Sin 2w 0.00001TA INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS AND LOGISTIC GROWTH 605 spa af" flolet—s6l-Zn psy |, ae ara) “gus “yin (ase de)=miee tit oo Prana 2s Footer Genes et oat P Ade +0 ATA) + Be HOMes tee t= TA ARE Fe dest = [et +)+ (tie + Oe +1) Het + be +56) Bet Oe + 1k Be HC RMS +5) [eee ee if seit fe Hide sted sale Step S(juasdintsfear")-0-fu ssf Eafinne fe wna wo eh Ee tat BES steal ece ny s(meso—o te 2am, A Tet eXE 4D, $eP— 1-1) ae 0, BEC fer4y). [2° Lege 3) eg]? GAME = pinto? sgn? seal! an [Pgh gf? eM — fi 6492 = Sil +H) tat +] Bn ozs 2 [2 o/s asta Tr foc ing gain vst adits astets [here reer], =}in joss aitire” wate a ce ae 3 ea a} = [iG s-2-h- plyfe=2inlesi-tle-alf =(@i9-ng)-(-ind)—2I09-n? taht en ets « siete saint and 26. Mi | Pase46 ii be = |S vrzhg—ghge mes ohle t-te ats (6461932 1n4) 2102) =242in2s6in3 2-20 246103) 1 The centroid atthe pont (2g) where # = y¥ = 252! 2A61DI ang p= Me1506 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 1H and $8. The repo inthe int. quadrant bounded by y= AEE Leta ath 2s0-2 dem de = [La tehee= [tee [ed e-fchuntnns oo” is [ee = net Sinus BE 4 46in§ 428 In 3-8. 2=: men 3ft Oe See ale £96 ay al [* ort—ina te seed ei gsey of GD D4 48. An ement of rehame bs yds se ceed nthe ily of eas inn and atede rat ay € (48). IV cube Ae te-62Ae-2)48(-3) Leen Poo Bat Let = ke phe= ale setde—31-21n—21f =2(6'46 in 3-204) - 4-212) =24(246 103-202) ‘36.Find the volume of the sold of sevoation if the cegon in the frst quadrant botnded by the com (et fy hss evolved about the = is > Solving the given equation fer 3. we get y= fle) af the slid of seclusion, The leant of vole his FV cab unitate role of te Sl of fevlatin, then aay v= im, Setstmarae== ae ie, SAmaas fete Were yaed2.e2y-2,(-2 = 0-pand de= a. Thefore, [t tsp a(S ay v all Dedi bk 1 The ot ft allo rl cobs, the yatis, and z= 1. Let #41 Su, Thee 2? =u ~0 ede du A wae ie the arnt heros A= [Pe [i BEA, =A Spa Ge bed bel ACD Ot 1. The gion i bounded by y= 72g the = 39. The resi by y= ats be“74 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS AND LOGISTIC GROWTH 507 40. Find the area ofthe resin bounded bythe cure ya? +8) =the zai they ais aed the ine 2= 1 2 The Mute stows the ein. Let Je the neon del by J(2) =A. The emeat of acon 4 rectangle with width Oz units and aliede fm) units, Thus . 42 AG? 2044) 4(Be4 0042) 2A, A= }Subattate fr A. AB felt +0) + (Be +0[2=2) He 20-8) = fe +oKe+2) mag htr Deere s-Ueh-z! awa In d+ ievie + The re inn 5 eV ana ite 4A and ©. The ein i hounded by yn the ai they ai and = 1 An elment of slume is irae eyder centered on they atin sf rari mand aieude 3 IE cai se the volume of the solid of revolution, \i died tata |, 3 Pi pacha a FE A(e? 25-44) 4(Be + Ole +2) bets = 2: -2= UA pm-fe-aeia)e(eerOieeah Je sega (tee oiesty Beton kes2h ve of fiat [SSB ol otc tenes scalo veh ie eee pieces M, =4v5e—ftea; x= BAE— Us arate Sieg ate A eave eae a one y ie © [eee |[etp-ataplt “acta agp ‘Show thatthe graph ofthe enti f deine by 7() = A hs point of aoaion «= AEB. Method 1 at u~ Akt Besuse Dau = Ak, then Dyflo) = (AR)DJA(L-+ Ber™)""] = AHL + Be“) 4 Alvin he peadue ae, Disa) = AME HL BMF te Ee ARE] = BRL + Bey + Be* = 28M) = AMBER + Bem™K I~ Be™) vehih changes sgn when Be“*= 1 Mettod 2. The iletanpott ean be found fom the eo AP abe 4 Bey? were function, From (6) aad partial factions awe508 ‘TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS Heider) ae = pict nes Sen whe (Ave Ame 1A, that i, when Her4M = 1, eAM = B, AE = In B, ¢= In 6/(A4) ‘Afi ¢ ria, y pople have beard the rumor where 17 3000, We have a table of bourdary con 4 ayn [ud 148 we gc 0= aah I pag With €=10 and y = 144 we gt (5000K)10 a = SNS, sone, S00 = 1998. (6) When #= 90, 2g = (b) When t= 18, Y45= -s;~ 8000, everybody will eventually hear the rumor. ‘From Bx.2.26—0 have {Y= rerttr(1.00,000 ~2) aad 4.00000 3 rns, (0) 102,948 (0) (150) = $08,546 fe) y( 320) = 999,99.9. (2) v(90)= 100201 () 96220) Beg 1-4 18H FE = 2, C/O — 1000, Frm 1a eine = ia) = 20. Teen B= h-1 = fp Tha fo) = Stas (oxen) = 248 (180) = 1909 00 i) 250 = 323 fd) wl00) wa =e er 500 residents beard a radie anncuncerzent about & loca! polite ‘hformation shout the scandal was jintly proportional to the number Tf at DAM 2000 rsidenss Ax SA in town of 5000 peop, ‘The rate af gromth of the spread of people wi had heavd it and the nurber of people Foard abot the sandal, find a mathematical tf the mathesiatical mode on your graphics « Irard about the seandal at JOAN, and (@) a what time. ‘rcimatee analytically. (c) Show that by 3PM the entire popu (a) Iry msident have heard the story tour after SAM, then dy/dé = ado y = GOAN = Land y= 200. Thos (0) A plot ie shown atthe riht, (6) AE IOAM, t= 2 ané y ‘rho had not bead ey ring the sea of foeaion. (bP the 8 ae sree eom ine graph (©) om any rides bad al he population bad bed about Conte Yat toe Ind and owe tbe mada ey(3000y) and ath 3, fated & trim, = gg = rns 5800-1 210 an ot 00. = (4) We olve fe & rest ep = inne = ie and y(7)= 200 w 490.8, tha the whale town and 9= praca When ta y= 5.Thae ‘By 10:6, half the town had heard (e) AE SoM = p 1440y=74 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS AND LOGISTIC GROW'TI 508 ‘0, After weoks y percent ofthe suceptibles have been infbeted. We have a table of boundary conditions. A100 9h fede | esrb rat in 100th Wh = 0 and y=10 we get 0 = Ia PS C=, han tke = InP, Wa (3 andy =25 we got m= BE = k= fin 10-9 9 5 100 100 iy 149-8 ye HD. Afler 6 weeks 50 ofthe susceptibes have bees infected. M09 = SL. If grams of sabstance C are present ott min, then ae 5 to $B HS z)(d—2), We bave a table of boundary conditions. ed 1=Dq~2)+26-2) J Ut z=: L=B Therefore a sl-te— alt= Hl = hl gt GY ait nbn 25 — 459531 = aye 0 + Therefore of ubtance wil be frmed in 10 in ‘52 Suppose in the law of ma actin thai « = 6 and 6 = 3 and 2g of whstatce Cis formed in 4 mia, How long will it take 2 gof substance C tobe formed? » rz gram of substance Care proent at ann, theo (6 =){3~2). We have a table of boundary conditions. Set marr ram ests bud inate ninco When 22 = fray le #1842. To grams wl be ome in sot 12 mia 28, 1S Cia after the alt ingine to dino, Ib he amount of salt preeat, (102) Ib of i ie dialved, a (10 to wm lis ite concentration, We have a table of boundary conditions. 2 WE ty z toe 4 e dpi gta) ate tae an | B= a stpBig m= Ale+50)+0¢ teers ss 1-108 0B Thevore Je +901+ 0) = -kts i= 8) -zdan bs = ee Jone 1-08. ts Because = 10 when t= 0, $= 1; C =6. Thus <8510. TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS mashn0 _( p70, omni = (FY! $0 =O a 1 remains = Therefore 1099 = 0 7-4 1h of sal ‘54 If y millions of dott in te company’ yenlyinceme # year flr the company begins operating, then Pash eT 1 ATs tye ctat ey eT MEDEA) 7 “iethed iile-tin® Thais faa Gerivar ore-revrpe veroeien when i= 4 wo gt = S+iné+9ln3+C; Wien ¢=5, p= }-15 +l 7+3ln 6-216. The total expeted income fs $11,201,100, tothe nearest £100 ticle at toe, then v= Batt Beeaise » = ff, me have 58. If vem/sc i the velocity of the particle at toe, th re 1 See (ee #otet cisD oan “cary tT : Pate AGEN) EBS ICE + 1) HCE DEED J We subsicate for A, subtract, fctor and divide by (42) (c+ F42) 4 (e+ DME) ene -He a Hora) SEH (Cr+ DIED 2; J = 5B & B=. We substiateforB,subunct, itor and divide by (42) on A t-+24st-+4) = (Cr+ ONe42), Ft) mEephy tiieate gpl ale a cos “Ebeedon Tiles neues yk (22? _7 . aeF=D) sth {8 A pach is moving along line 9 the if face the wlosity ofthe particle at tm then © ES Find the distance traveled by the parte fem the tte when ¢ = 0 o the time mhen ¢ = 2. bp Lvs ft be the distance ofthe patel from a Sxed point on the line at ¢ sec. Becanne s/t = v, we are givct (Cah an om | ae a aa? Pyaea isn tes 2 eH oeiery roe Thea £42 AL ED-+BIELD) Wiel, then 2= A. If t= =2 then Fee aT tha de =-Bor B= 1, Th sd fern (1) we have hot +1 |e #146. In }+C. When f= 0, we have aoh}ec 4. distance traveled 8 la et.7.5 INTEGRATION BY OTHER SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUES AND TABLES 811 115 INTEGRATION BY OTHER SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUES AND TABLES Fractional Powers If an integrand involves fractional powers of a variable 2, the integrand e4n be simplified by the substation 2 — 2" where isthe last commor denominator of the denomiaators of the expooss. ‘Sinea and Cosines If an integeal is rational fustion of sin = and cos 2, it can be redveed to @ fof by the bation sata Tf tat coredeh deserts addy remington (rn) To anid we a me ional Suetion ofthe formula tan“te—tan™¥y = tan“. See Faerie 8. “Table of Integrals A short tabie of integra found on the endpaper ofthe text and at the back ofthe Online Eeercies 1: 1 Bacsne 1-40, vaunted inden akoel I. date= Then = 2 and 2 fag Pee =) ae 4182 —s4iqs + v2 Se In) 2 Lats = Ye Then 8 and 32d Puli -Alec=-fudlt-2" lec JFRE=1) Viraet| =e 1. Thun BMac hse? iene forbes = 40 +5'pas2—s}ec=guse eens Method 2 Integrate by pas olazsPPas] == p12) 3 [a teh Peem ba +2)! Bi +e) Mee 30+2) Stes = VFB Thaw 8K? J0+2"+c = f+ 2560-2) +6 ) and de = od gab sede _ 1 f(2e? 22a z (oe aie 3s 2 Day JAS ae tana —prageec whos +6402 |VisieC +2) 4626 [ViFFessnsc512 ‘TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS de * ligt Became 6 a the least commen denominator ofthe frstinal exponents of the given powers of 2, whi ohana weeds hens = dem OP: Yo fe = Th, Ingle Jitio= B= [oe ovo 6224 2s 48 ele $24 C= 22/7 62" 2424! — a8 In(2/* 42) 4 ait Tren ead = 2d code = Bde = Tis t= fate = Ew tea [rata Ngee *| ate atar eae: Sale + fees 1b Welet e=tan fe. Then 12 cos Je sin § pape noi thee rpae tices C= tebe sta te equation (8) is valid only fr = €(—x,=) while cquotion (1) fs valid fr all = * fetter Galante late as ate ~fge Ga tere) fae Ged ed) Seite PEE, gogo pall vBnmgeng “Ve gery ae Se" Tired priate Ee SB pin a 8 = 5 nfs ya oricen aro a ree vinat to7.5 INTEGRATION BY OTHER SUBSTITUTION TECUNIQUES AND TABLES 613 Taw ce Method 1 Let vm ton fe [ L Method 2. Mukiply and divide by 1—sin 2, [L=SR.242 = [leec?e—tan2 see e\de =tan 2—s0ez $C ore warts |Z =2f tat ia) @+p-4 = este ye SRS eo told ec = lec awetane tet em tn fe Them Jaws fams= Ufeacineraete ietina =[ttale|-} anf +c ts Exo 10:24 cate he eit gal Chek wing NINE 0 sucan is, B Lge ve the en wd d= 2c 2 Therefore 3)-0)= =23 2180278 mu ety dem ae of Sawa (Cs tee idle Fee sade Babraham AS Letz = ioe ‘Then 2 = 42? and 4: when ‘Therefore errno in tt in s0= Ie) a oonse2 fe > eta = and = 18/4 Then VF =o, de = Adu. Thus shin fern lerd: ips Epa -ietedSM TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS. ag _ [*t_ae a [rete | ae s__Waetie Need Lat siieeie = lage Casstsncep ile ae sierra Gaye = ecpdaesyt coarse hae tees aivide lve Matod 21 tip | et = | SE ti gia at = ah = We 19. Let 2 = taa 2, Then sin 22 =; ye ee Iiedtin- ieee [orersticin* acti Se SM = flin a-nat]l 8)-Bn womans mo. [oh wo [otters [2M titetene gta eal mesic waftaceal AMEE) I aden atane AF 4M tn mo 42 nt 480m80 a teri fa tone Fo and z= 2, [Ehrdtae[. wigs = fvizcaate as - “sane nin Ai i aia {fpPoneee- fo 4am] =Hecons4 azo stf 221 +2in) =24d mgm carne 23. Let 2 = 24. Then dz = 625s. When 2 =| 0; when z= 1, 2= 1. Therefore [ei pate ee ear ade tabe- etter tep =o(l-b4t-149)-0=}. 12 ee b Let w= YeGa Then of a2 44, oo dAdu = 22 de. Hence de = Bhdu and Pau? ea [te (Peat 3 ut aayte = fe nt = feos 90) “@-1 )-8215 INTEGRATION BY OTHER SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUES AND TABLES 515 le ein 2-46, heal of teen hedonic eine 2. Hom fom) has and ife-2-gh-12e-a]e0 ee ee ze BaF 26. From formals 10 with «=5 and 6= 2, [ 21, From formla M4 with «= 1 and b= 2 aylFBbds = yey -22— 2) 14 207? 28. The integrand isa form containing YEU, Ue one of the formas 4yse— m4 29)? +6 2. ‘the table of integral van ‘ain Da e » Pormule 22 au Dare We apply the formula with =|, viz Formals 21 bs an example of & Yeeuction formula. Note that ia Bq, (1) we have used the formula to reduce wn @ Viet = the gen integral fo one tht is sixpler. Formula 20 the abe of integrals Verna Vilec iano wen Ayame” We apyly Forma 20 1oevalae the intgral that remain on the right side of Ba. (1). Thus, yee +c @ ae " Ji+ie41) Presrs ‘Subsetutng fers Ba, (2) fata Bq. (2), we obtain 2e—1 c | i | lave 28, rm oma 5h =, | 20 Fem fri with =5, [i tan nig iis esse (erHF=s|+0 JET on fhe oman 18 rom formela 27, with - lear 32. The integrand i for cata Vara Tee > Roma 28in the table of eerie Fade VTE Ets VFA +O 2, and d=? de. We apy he mala with «= 1 Th Tata 42 then «= [varia - 3] VT au doleieidets aan 438. From formela 42 wit ae VEE, = [OO Pye oe a1f2tVo=e |516 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 3 age age te te 35 From formula $9 with 204, 0=2, [:Vie= Fide w B= PEEP Jae + 1cor(1 -g) + a fee -Vie=#F sear (253) 4¢ 136. The integrand in form containing 2au~ ¥, Use one of the formulas 49-58, eds fie > Formula 5 he ais fatal is dy _ (0450), 72, aS PO Vaaw =e + Neon WE spy the frmala with = =2. Thus, Gis = SSS fe Fat ee ttt fey 0 97, From formula 72 with n = Sand n= 2, sibs de=—Leatrcor 2+ fake de =—fsinte cos 3A. From formula 45 with -i+c siecons+}{oin + de) = fein cons fisteene pears +6 38. From formula 1 with n= 6 a0 2, cate dem foateas 29 cate mH nc dyortn er joominn ee) Posins+fpeonzsin s+ fin Joutesin e+ jcotesins+3)eoeue) Jewtesin s+ fot 20 From formlan with n= 4,86 wth m= 8,7 with m=, and 82 thon t= tin (4 Pain ct = tan {ean 43 Pa at) Lan atone ne |evmret)nPan erator oPane gaan toa +6 ain t+ 4c t— (2tsin t= 18 cost + 240 14.0 40, The integrands form containing trigcnometre fusetons. Use one of the fous 89-88. sin Sw cee Su te > Pormula 1 in the table of itegeate i coum ene calmande 41, Prom formula 93 with w= Se, fe Af 35(9 ds) = Yas sec~'32 — lol 9s + Vow —ih +6 sreclis-}iae+ VF Il+C 42, From formula 91 with essen dt) = Hat tant — In /T FTO) +C 43. From forma Of with = 9 and formas 97, both with w= 4, Pda yl anes te) =f eyee—2 foot de] beet dpe te 1140 metas sc an7*at J In( + 16F) +15 INTEGRATION BY OTHER SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUES AND TABLES 517 4A. The otepand ia form containing an exponential faction, Us one ofthe formulas 95-106, [eae > Formule $9 he table of faterals is [ores Hea foros re gtrte feipd Vik #2, onde 2 oe worse fae i [Pree Badan) SAH “ine We fete the table of integrals to evaluate the Ist intra. 46. From formula 108 with n =3 and w= 2, JH %otaeide =| Gone) 42) = gh Sein 3e-1)+0=fpa"4inde—1) 46 $e sn 80s con) +6 “46, From forma 105 with o =2 and = =6 so that a? +n — 29, 4. rom formula 121 with w=8y, J exsinn sy ay = § [sy son ys 29) — (rent ty —nh59) + C= By ooh ri inh y+ 68 Theintegand i orm containing» hyperbobe fonction, Use oe ofthe formulas 17-124 [Preah se de Grom SUR LaL Hitka conn me d= f(a conh nu ~ nna) +6 ‘We apply the formla with u = 2,6=8 and n=5, Thus [Peosh Sede = ~ $0 oh 52-5 sah 52) + a ei, he able of alo the edna to rut the dae nea 46 Fig formant with = and [pepe eed - 5 From frla 8 with 91 ad b=, Sp ttperdstme top =-dene 51, From formula 31 with s? =16 and chosing te plu sign, I vita IVFFT- Wile + VAT (9-5-8 8)-(-81n4) ~HB-8 are > Formula 38 in the table of integra is Seating We apply the foumula with 2? = 8 Thus, Nae tl gael geal ie518 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 8, rom formula 10 with n= 4, ain ede = 26 nef = P6421) = Bina B 3. Hom formula 9 with n = 2and a= ~x, allowed by formula 97, i r -2] wee tzuanyp 1 = 241, and chosing the minus sige * fei -tese=25!Vler)f-10-Bulesis lero -ieh =I 8 in(6-+ Yi)] Sind = PB in 84 8 In we ['evFee © Plea 24 he able of iter it PVE oaau= for - Waa fnlus VETBl4e We apply te formal with s= = and a=3. Thus, FAVED a= G0st—9V 2-9 H oles VFO = 81. Flom formula 49 with retaae=jacrin sf Hf Pace tent. avte fpucotn 9-5 ("Moe ce] 2 it wiht 2V8 + vi-+jt(2-= ¥5)]= v5 +f int2-+ V5) and © 6, From formula 8 with n = Sand 2 and formu 9, both with 9= 2 eras =f con?ee se) Hfentar—s | mf —Banyer—2 ten de) =} Per —Fetee tev] =RATION BY OTHER SUESTITUTION TECHNIQUES AND TABLES 519 4 [7 eins dt > Formula 109 inthe table of integra ie ‘We apy the formals with aod a= 3. The, 1 in 30 dt = afin 8 ~ 3 con 9] = feC2 an fr 3 coma) (2 in 0308 i oP sin 3 dtm Ft vin 3 cn By]! = Her ain fx -B cow) (Rain 0-3 e080) Beet) 65, (9) et e= 2 Then de 2 22 de There Jxtege [Bet=2] sya e-tiec=2nlve-tiee () Let w= JE —1, Then du = 25. Thexfore [eles ogy [Pbtenimisex2vinsiec t6 ween) finzaen [Bey Bee= [FES Tse nee + sete far =3\chs+ qotggit si = = tars 2) a(t ~~ besuriueaig hen (ads o20 (68. Use the substitution 2 ~ tan }x to prove that Joweae 402-123 40=-cer+0 pt1+0=-1E 8 += ~ca e+ oases w fcsae i eer rae o fe eeecin Tee Jecsees foi = ® Because cor ifollons thas 2 = Leone ® ‘Sbatieting from (8) into (2), we obtain (2) (9, From foremule (2) ne have focsee=di tsa 2 TEEBE+ C=} lem Te |) osin | ox tol obo + BRE|+C = Inlsee x +tan 2/40 10, From the rest of Bxerce 6, we have Lads ancees? pabsegs+o= deg Sag cog re = ufbgenes| +c Jocre= wdgl GBs] +0 ! +2v07] 0.248 {Bract: 0.298) 099 (3.6530) ‘Te value ofthe integral 0.84 to thee desi places 1a Everts 19-18 find bound forthe trncaton ere a the approximation of the indicated exercise 18, fl2)= 2, P(e) =I, f"(z) =6e J" in increasing on [0,2- Therefore, the aboolte minimum vale off" of {0,2 is (0) =o, andthe abeotive maximum valoe of {” on 0.2) is P42) — 12 If eps the error in the tes of Exerc 1, Seat Az = there in some nurs i (0,2) noch that <= HE-OPONG?=—H"OD Thas 4S) Ser S Af} MINS er & - 140) -O5 Ser 50. M4. fle) ving, #2) = cor, a) = sin 2 Theor, the absolate minimen valve of fon [Oe] i Ste) ~ 1, snd th saat maxtnrn vale of J on (0, i $0) =O. Hey ie tha enor in the tat g Exercise 4, because Az = fr, ther is some rumber 9 i 0.x] such that He OF GN = er) Maas — har s"0) Seo < aber "eI sdar'O) Seq < ~gheM-I 0 Sep sha oan 16. f(2) = oo 2, f"(2)= sin =, f"(@) ~~cos =. The absolute maximum value of J" on [Ma] J") Ue abeolutevsinisman value of /¥ om [Os] = JO) = ~t- We inthe error in the renal of Baeccbve 3, loca z= Fr thereis some number in [03] such that He OIHG) » Ths = BO Ser < - 1}, 0181 Sep € 161 ep =O)1.6 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION 923 er = BRE? =) © Wend the abuluteextret off” on 2,20} We kave Fe)=04 Me)=—N4sT% Memes? Becnuse [te deerening on (2,20, the sate maximum sale of fat and the absolute minininn value of jis a 10 From Bq, (1), we have -302)- {= vay Bru) =-B,)--ome Weconelade that 0408 coq <-tatt hy $*(@)= fe deresig om 02 Thtelore, the able masimum value of f* 08 [nyt ie f"(1) =2, at the absolate minimom wal of #¥ on [1,2] e $72) =}. [fey is the errr in the result of Buercve 5, boca A = 0.2 there is sone number 1 (1.2] such that ep = Fg2— 1S.) = 0.0083 7"(n) 00999") ey < — OOHEF(D) — 99(0) < en € — 1s —.007 < eg < O01 8 (2) VTE Pe) = = js deerming om (29) Thus, the absete masimnamn 16. £6) P= Fes Meal (2,3. Thos te value of (on 2,8] 1%(2) = 57/7, and the abslute minimum value of /* on [2.3] & £"8) = 10°97. Wey ie the exror inthe real of Exerese 8, because Az = there some ramber in (2,3) such that ep = Hx? IN? = at) mdaf") Sen < ZI" ~ ATP) Ser < — lO}, ~ 00021 < ey < ~.00007 [2 Pecan a ara bgta 250-4} ny Speer t Pasa} JO Hag? +207 4G +2) 2B. Approsiate [f sin 2 €z by Sinpons rile with »= 6. Comat he et wif tho bined a xo 4 Zest AE Siopcn rl ges ber cny Chet penal tle a theme mare ‘ebsteraln » asa Ez2=f By Simpy le D405 424 18.548) =.24=4 [fine dang 4 tin G3 sin f+ in G2 4 Ain Eo] etefee bv bar 2 dye ae} +a] gia V8) = 20008 tn Exar 4, wa fin the cxrt sabe tobe 2 and th trepezidl anocoimatin o be 1.854. The with ma, the erin the tapes Tale O46 ac i Simeon rile 8 OOOO. Sion rele bet Beret for may eve integer the tapeaial approximation 0 [ides exact bt Slnaon is not tn Exercises 21-24 compute te four decimal plices the approximate value of the definite integral by Simpson's ‘ae forthe Ladicatel value of (o} Gomspare the seoat im prt (x) with the exact value of the cfinite integral =. Sion al y= yssin = at524 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS = mae vez a Sage 125. By Simpoo’s rile, 52362 72535 = 0.6045, tre, wie bte peated o [Mme » (9) r= 152.0128, By Sinpeo' ae [i f= fens) erste decreed erig ttre nbs |] 0.054655 © 2, Ep mes NP mato 15 w 04081 In Ertclns 25-24 find bounds fr the treatin ern the approxi of he ndialed excel. 223, Je) = 62, £%(2)=0, M2) = 0. If cg in the ertor inthe reat of Exercise 18, ‘because Az =} there is some number in [0,2] sach that <5 = —s£¢2—0)/" nj). Because (2) mO, then ¢ = 0. Thus the result in Exercise 19 is exact. 28. fla) = sin 2, '(e) soe, fe) = ain = f"(e) = 00 x, fa) aa x; The ablalute minimum valoe of f° cao. ix 4X0) =0, andthe sole maximum vale of on Or) i Hf) =1, I ego the eee fn the reat of Exec 20, beste = fr ther some nermber mn [63] etch that dale 0n¢ Madey" = 00197). Thue =0019-1 < 45 < ~.0019-05 0.0018 < eg <0 Fey qap = Gap Mela Me= oF {4,0} is (2) = 3, and the bec Mites tay py rier Meena eM sn ieause Ar =f thee sre num 7 in [1,0 such tat eg eal — (Fant = — aaa 0) Thus gehen 24 Seg <— whey} ~ 0.005 < cg £0469 = -0.0001), {R. Find bounds forthe truncation error in Exercise 2 1& We nse Thorn 765. He)= (HN LM) =I $e) = ASHI $e) =—Ole +) YM a) = e+ 1) Because f%) is deceasing on [1,2], the absolute minimum value of fis at 2, ané the sbeolute maximum value of Fs at MBE 10)= B= waa CVA)" = SELDEN" And —rbeb— 0) 2)(Aa)f = fel = 1984 10-7 We conde tat 10210 eg < 110 =F Because £9 is increasing on fry) ee re x pinimm value of AN =-L0ix*ABNUMERICAL INTEGRATION 525, tn Bercies 29-9, compute to four decimal places the approximate value ofthe deste integral by Simpaos file fr the ndieaed valve of. The neal cannot be evaluated exacdy in term of eementa fncios. By Simpeons elo [2° stzas jaa ete SE tees o4 40-6306 + 1.8540 + 0.3820 + 0~0.2028 0.8270 ~ 0.2122 = 2805 {Paaet: 02376) ventas gl] my Sm [VIE hen fof fH 7) = 3.65954 (Exact: 9.65918) L203, By Simpne's rte | SVIFH ae njeaiee IST AAFP WASP TF | VinFannee 1 g@=k py simpin’s nde, [erent hry al a] “is ses pet ete dats of I= ae ned o (61) td Ther 245 dns ta fave La hae Aplin Spe se win nb e200 ag mah Lore ge Spel abner eat ene ca tr ocd dge-TO mutton = Sem ps Vp gRES duh pad bas wave (engage te Fee pedis ora ck OMI fret ad 0310 orn S18 wha eae Be pal inion ee Aen bea dete 1 Simpacn’s rte [? He 33, ac bgt 250 0.06. By Simpain eS sph pe Bp 4 aoptl rts (Baa 4028) me aan tgtnTAY 5 eee 6 By Spon me [°° VEE 2 tat B20 We use 1, BySimpon’s le [7 VaRe de af fo + Sal +2 GRE +4 /SEAE 2 44/041) =. The set in spect tek the derivatives of Vain = are unbounded on (0.!>) an! a» Theacem 7.6.5 does not give a beund for the ever. Apoying Sizapon’s rule with m= 12 we get 1.10400, ‘Thus we eannot even be eetain of the second cial place The sebtution = =, dz zu du gives [V77* Vita w(an ds) whe integrand has bounded disivatve in (OJ) Avolying Simpeon's rule to this integral, we get L1QT7 with m=6 and 1.198 with 2, which te vals ofthe integral ta fr ec paces 35. The value of the integral [9 VE da i the menniry ofthe area of the region inthe fest quadrant enclowd ‘bythe quarter ciel of radius 2 centred at the aigin. Thus [f VrBee nn ewe. ar 25. te eapcil rate [VI ae we Shag TUB 4 2VT~OSE + 2 OT 4 3542 4 VIRUS 4 VAT) 2.00. Acuracy is pone beens fis bounded of (0.2 The sbaitatior 2=2— 08 dz =~Bu du ges 2 V2 Vi= We mbow integrand bas bonded derivatives on (04/2). Applying the trapecida rut hs intgel we ge 3.152 with mn =8 ane 3.146 wih n= 1h526 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 36, Show that the ect value ofthe integral fg 4/T—Z de is x by interpreting it asthe measere ofthe are 4 region. Use Simpooe's rule with n= 5 to get an approximate value of the dente integra. Compare ‘alae so obtained with the exact value, 1 Because the graph of y = yi ~z? for 0< = <1 i the firs quadrant ate of the crle 2-4 y? — 1, the in Jp 4V i= ds meastes the ares ofa rele of rads 1. Since seroston we ence that the ftegral as exact vale r, Let ie = By Simon's ale afl VirP anid dying +21 G+ ti GF 42/19 41+ vi] 0 ‘Thi mle carpet bees the dasvativs of TF ave grounded on (0,1) and ‘Theorem 7.6.8 aot give a bound for the cuor. The ettation 2 =I, de=~2uda give 8{f Vi ~ a de integrand hax bounded derivatives on (61) Appling Simpuon ret the intogal we gu 91408 3 shih isthe valoe of + to thee decimal places eres ar! 38 rece to standardize normal probably. 1. POD = el) Pas a (0) Ry the tape eae |! e°* Adee fl 420 yar ae 41 6.5195 Thee Po.) = Fhfn.ssee) = 0.401. (©) Ry Simpaon' rae | 14 4(096828) 4. 2(0.88250) + 4(0.75484) +.0.60653) PCI) Fe(0.85868) 2 34135, whe P(.)) = 0.3104 to ive dial plas, 28, (a) Beaute n 622-254-3221 By te spel rb with fe) =e* PA.) = EP? Mba eet tS 94 DOS Be? oe = 0088 ‘he exact wl le probaicy S973 to fos dina ples hn= Gand r=, Pe-38)=Fef 6 he me tote Me 4 DO het 10015 1m this case, Yhe eror in Simpson rule i twice au great ag the error in the trapezoidal rule The answee worthless, because a probablity cannot exceed I. If we apply the same rule to the equivalent i 2P((U3) we get 0.9972 whichis of by only one unit i the fourth decinal pace. 30, y mains: Dy =con = By Theoren 6.1.2 and Simpson's rule with n= 8, d= dx [J Vir eore ae wh nV TF cond + yt co be 2 Teco? I ea firor he 42//ivet + 4a a/b E+ 4rd + VPA = 40. In Enercise 6..98, you uted NINT tg find to four sgaifiant digs the length ofthe we ofthe ctne from the pent (0,1) tthe paint if). Now compute thi lng by Spa's rae wit Let fiz) eon = Then f(s}= ain 700d ror = Virae= By Treen 6.1, we have i By Simin rl, Ae (0) By Sips ae rand768 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION 927 Leb jell a/izadyg say irate +4 ines +3 [naa say teantip 12am +/+ Yo = 1.195950 The lng ofthe curve 1185852 corect tix decal pas A. 24/8 =05. () By the trap rule [* f(o)ee sels +2417) 20.00) (2.48) 448.0) «2042 42040) 4 99.96) 43.79 = 1895, (By Sapen i [ oe sa Y(5)8.25+4(4.17) 24.60) + 40.4) 4913.5) 44425 4 2C401) + 98.90) 43.79 = 1608 12. 81 = 4/1004 (9) Byte tempi ate [ope Habe 8.1) 42078) + 2175) 4207.8) + 20-2) +2168) + 2063) + 16.5) + 206.0) 4571 = Oy Samer ne [ee Yanga + 8.1) +2009) +4124 + 2(7.6) +4(7.2) +2(6.8) + 4063) +465) +4160) + 57] = 28.28 1. A2= 1, A squce uit the azn ofthe repo. By Simpson's le ie [tedden Yaa +4) +26.) +464) +2027) +8) +5.) = 266 “4A, Use Simmpeon’s rule to approximate the aren of theshaded regan in the Sigur. > From the gute we see thot Ae = Lad n =8, By Simpeon's ale, tc.) Am fil 44-1842-2454-2642194612 $272.14 4.09404) 39 1+ Te ares of the shaded region is approximately 189 square uit, 45. At= dys mils isthe distance tovela. By Simpon’s mle s= [!"" ges a(n) +467) +22) ld -tan) +260 +441) 4288) (9) +200) +445) 46. A utes oe the arom af thet Ae = 20. By Spans ele 12 [regen onc a) 2420 4H is the area of the loop of y? = 827-25 ot 2), which is symmeteic. y- 25. By Simpaon's rule A=2{* 2VB— ade = 2894 2108) VE= 5 + 4(015) Vim a + 20) VE 4(.25) 81a = 2(.5}VB=1S + (1.15) VE 218, ‘The rout is suspect Decnute ye unbounded on (02). Let 22-02, d= —2du ‘Then nt [Peart wo Jak —0cTS Tide, Appling Simon’ rule to this integra with m=, we get 836275 {he exact ansner is £36280 to five decimal paces 18. The study of light difetion dspasion or bending of light around corae) at a recangulas aperture trea the Font ints C= [ora ad 8) [deme the wing lea ‘lest four decimal places by Simprn's ale 1» Simon's ule with n = 8 wa wed to complete the tabi. : 12 04 06 os 10 cto, Closo sors «ssn oz zra8 50) Woo 03s 0.1105 28s when = =0,2 A. A wguate us{29 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGHATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND INPROPER INTEGRALS impoe's rule we find [°° = 0608. v= YO — PER 49. By Simpson's rule foa tt = 1.19628. (yee non’ rae to [8 f(z) dx whe f(a hed dere plyaemia o prove the prismaidal formal momen 72$h ape ane O2= "5% weave | f(a) ée= fro alee) 10) tn Berean 51°84, evaluate the definite interal by two methods: (a) use the pesmoidal formula given in B 5 (ba the vcondfondamentl ere ef he eee a. [arse 4 ndsart 24] Jf serae =Bpterey are + 19) — He +028) +62) = R= 56 we [ere teayte > (a) Let f(z} = 29+ 27-42 2. By the prinmoiial formula, we have 50. Apply > Simpuon’s rule is exact for third-degree polynomials With = 24-2) +142 40)~29 =H0-5+2 (b) By the scone ferdametal trae ofthe calculus we bave [ere -aa tee afte fe 2 oP = fet (ays 2) 208-222 -a) =F 58, [* (haat te oyee= [et +P oeP, = 2625-425 = 202 Lalla) 2a 480? 20-6 By th roma formata, | pejde= 2M a) +4902) + 19) = IH2 a4) sss) = 22 1H. [022-9 [fete asl = 104 —(-2) = 806 tat fe) = Bete 3. By the peat [freee 23 ip02) +4700 + 10) = 39+ dct) ai7| = 586 55. ITs the appresiate valet" J() by wing te apc! rae hen B= AFI eo) +0) + Slog) Se legs) + lad + Sled) ay FS is the approximate value of bi ‘f(z}éz by asing Simpson's rule, then where n is even 8 = EI ay) Af ey) +24 4) 4+ 2 egg) +A Eg) + Hed) @ Front $= seg) +2fle) + 2h) 4-4 es) + 2M) +2) @ Prof: $8 = seg) +4Yley) +409) 44a) + Ulead Mend o Subsrseting members of (8) om eetesponding meer of (1), me have BSED 2p ey) + flag) tooo + 2 le_ads S= HP Act (ey) + flea) oot HE ql7.7 THE INDETERMINATE FORM 0/0 AND CAUCHY'S MEAN-VALUE THEOREM 529 127 THE INDETERMINATE FORM 0/0 AND CAUCHY'S MEAN-VALUE THEOREM By Limit Theorem 9, od fimfGe)=e0 oad. Beye) = oh plese ale i sa a nT eee Vite i fmennachn op ne Ses Gey une, a i ap wt: Ree SSL Line wee ee CR ti aided on o dom Suidien ee Ge oe aw co SESS WEES lah iocly reer Te er mee care cewae fared Py aoe mt oes oink Se ee 114 ‘theo (Ropes fue) Let fag be fection that we difleretnbe an open inter h Sree panitiy athe umber a in L Seppow that for all see is 1 #(@) #0. I Timm zagf (2) = 0 5 timmy .ga(e) = O and LO, E87e) then vim £2) tinge)" $e Seem ie valid al the His aze ghd Tine or all he Unit ae Ie hand te 1.14 Theorem (L'oitls rae) Let f ang be fenton that aetna for il 2>N, where Nis 8 positive constant, and suppose that for all 2>N, (2) #0. Wf lim .yf(z)=0 ané (2) = 00 then the finetion ‘The theoreti luo valid 2-040" i replasd by “200%, “The proof of L’opita's rule depmds os the llowing thee 71.3 Theorem (Couchy's mean value theorem) If f ané g are two functions such that {fad ate continvoor on the loved interval o,¢] {and g ace direntiabl on the epen interval (8) for all zis the open interval (28) 9(2) 20, thes there exet number «i the oper interval (9) suth that £0) Kea RO= 58)or 530 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTPGRALS Je Bxercon 1-10 (9) Pot the wap of fan tae the oppaetlinit as «approche w (2) Compute i fe) Hint ig, £606 22 pe ate degen pg 2 Ha’ ale apple. ah Eg odes oci-xsengun © toy aaa tas ® e)-zeelie a ® (a) From the pio of fe) a the ht, the limit apart be (b) Because Jim(*—1) = Oand tim Tim (2% + 32-4) =0, L'Hopitals rate applies__aasy Pol Wig 2? a ess PNyea Ee “o25} ips se, $o02 ig Buns 2 Stree Mate So 2 | En EET te, Sg 3 In Bxeecisee 11-16, fod the limit if exes and support your answer graphically, 0, Uoptals rte applies 4 “The do at the ih fn /(e—1) appre en « 13, tip snd 0d lin, = 0. 8y URéptaly re ot a tet in oi 2) =a By L'Mapitalsrale mpi Sas en, tae aits $a cay 8 Tate aes Decne y(n) = sd fn) =0, we opie Lipa rl api ‘US lim, lo(sin 2) =0 and tim, (=—22)? = 0. By L’Hopital’s rule a OE tn iy =} te, RY, aa =0, we applied Liptay rule mgain1.7 THE INDETERMINATE FORM 0/0 AND CAUCHYS MEAN-VALUB THEOREM 532 Se Bn > Because bi (e"—conz) and line sin = 0, we apply L'lepita’s ate Thus, coe 290 Wcboe ime fe tine) ata feces) =o. Base | 4 NI TS rea : a, Sat | i ‘Fictause 2 con 2-4 in x appooaches zero through negative values as 2 3p gtt--= ‘Thscefore the given limit doesnot exist. This is supported by the plo. {sverige 17-78, evaluate the limit if ists op Mousse we 2B. fim((1 +2)" (1-2) = 0 and lig (1 +2)! — (1 ~2)!°) =0. By PHopia's ale inter Kina? ist ts te fe ae + Wesimplty by subttating v= 1 bee spying Up le. Ths By L'tapta's rte og 0082 eoch 2 = = = EO =532 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 2 tim SEs Before applying L/Hopita’s ral the second and third tie, we remow cos , which has a nowzero limit sean Ti ras be Sa Ws geen 2 Se 6 a8$ {Beenie 29-26, ind all vals of = in the iar stefying the conclusion of Caschyc meam-value theorem 2. ffz)= 2 and (2) =27, Then J'(z) =3e* and ge) = de. We wish to fing all values of = in (0,2) such thas ia (0,2) such that Then 0) — BS He) = tg: Ween als Y-14 V5) = H-14 Vi)E (0.2) 3h fs) 1-10, pomro} 82, f(a) =con 2s, (2) =sin &, (0,8) (0,46) 1 Thea f'(2) HI) _ $00, w9—tot VE 3 _ 1 at 8 SO=a) Fey a Ee eG Sle) = RFE, gf) = 249. Then $2) = Fahey oe) = 1, We sak all vals of sin (-y-1) sch dat LDH _ LG 1) 4) BL f(z) =e, ale) 1101 a 0) 8 eiattes inna) =) 9 ste)= chy ad st) 40) (1) _ #2). 3} a — | 2 ing R eM oad n oi sae tag MOE. og MEO) Rat Root _ Raat ot ae 138 Becae the hypothesis of LHopital's rule is satin, we have jm = fn tr, then each term i equal 10 the fst term a Hence che sum of the Bist nferuis sot are @= ‘Thos, lim,_8 consistent with the sum ofthe frst tems if14TH INDETERMINATE FORM 0 AND CAUCHY MEAN-VALUB-THEDREN 53 foxe=lirexo 3.1012} ang ene Hig(cos 2—1) = 0 and Jim, « = 0. By Lp’ eae in, f(=) = fim SE=1— i (= f0) pq (on 2D/e-0 ~~ P= pay pg Omelet igang Ft--] ‘Bocas linger 2—1) ~0, fm 2? = and ing (-sin ©) =O, lm, 22 = Owe wd LHEpitas rae twee. 40. (a) Prove that if 0 > 0, tip 27 =1.= tn. (b) Prom the rll ef part (a) show that if¢> 0 and «>0, then result ef (), with ¢ succosively a inning = lin, a in}, g(2)=2, Seen nin 1< 1 ther =e" <2"sin ca", n> 0.1 flows by the sneeze ‘harem wth n=2 that Hie) = @ aad wit m= 1 hat, (2) 02) = (ein 2) =O However, in) en) ‘vcllates betmeen =i and {a5 2-10 and doesnot approach any it ip, (6) = Mo |e) =M |e mten > | f(1/)-M| In the proof of 7.7.(8) above replaas « with oo. (€) Nothing (@) We may apply Hopital’ rate agua,584 ‘TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 17.8 OTHER INDETERMINATE FORMS We may ale use L'Moptas role when both the numerator And denominator of & f have limits =00, 181.2 Theorem (L'Hoyital's ale) Let J and g be fonctions that ate difeentable on an open interval ‘except possibly a: the number a in, and suppose that for al ea in hse) £0. Tinfle)= 00 or 35 lmgte) = soo ofc, ane a Sy pe) fis) Haat ‘he theorem is valid {fois +20 or ~20 ad al the Init ae vght aad lint o if ll sis are le-hand lite ot Dee J, 7) 1, hn ray 4th a ein cena sock thal for any 2 C1" weet cose wee GO eu f 4y the Cavey meanoaue them. foray = andy" and forse = between 3 and Sfz)- SG ‘(z) aw a (a) (=)— F(9) _ £'C2) y wd) _ 1) FEMALE eventos, A Leh 5) Sbtating es (2) ov (1) we Bae £)_fl2) Lec rte a We shall now let y-appsaach 2, Lanping = fixed. Because |pt9)| approaches +400, se rome that 1-82) 50 oo siamo Bf 2)), 12) 0) sel), 12) (molt £5) 48 A cur ft 25 Lt Devas vine Bcres Because ¢ was arbirary his implies that hich is emivalest to what we se out so, prove. Notice that we did not require ‘typothesis lim,_, f(z)= te0. We use “2° to indicate that the hypotheses of ‘theorem are siied and the me have appled the rue.1.8 OTHER INDETERMINATE FORMS 585 i fn! Wh Sco am a expression in the indelerminate form 0/0 or + o0/+0c. For the indeterminate forms 0°, (+00), or 17, we introduce the In function in order to obtain the indeterminate form Gar ibjan Sent oc ey gigi amenrao amen = in (ol Rate of Growth For any p > 0,” inctemenfister than 2? and e? incremes faster than In 2, Soe Bx. 37-8. secrees 15, nos 16, eli a aig vou awe eh. te lin Ps rule lin Sp = tim, 25 = Becote lip. 20 = 0 and lip, (na? ae & ey P= (up ba) ee, 2 Ung Lapa rl ect wo vps many apo he oxpnes 3 were replant 8 nt ETS See Sia logeane aera ce fi, tao 2=0 what im, cot = 40nd li, ln = ~co By Lop le Tim tn fi) By B= Bin, VET, dein, BE 0 amar ects 5 Fe enact ua ape ager an onan 61 Meare a gee, in tan*e cote = in, HEE aio in Became lin,tan"ts =O and. lim, tan «= 0, we apply the x cate 0 Lopate rle flor Ld lim, tan oot ot oy | iy(e-1-1n2)=0 an in, By Lttpt' ele iy PHL Ming 1d fqmetect Sj mestr2 6 lim, (1 42)" = Him)! $6 By EM le 1 in, In no 1 Ti, ta = Lim, Ere tm, tans tm EA 0-120 Therore i im, =A =0, tim, A= info) SGT aw > From the pot at the right, the lm seers to be ~0.. al aa parsginar conrad ae Ter ae4536 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS lp BEE ip, Hem fim METNO)se/o 5, 1e+ 100) 5, as Wn. Tae in, z= oli FEO oa PETE grees gas 1 1 ip, (@e— on az > Froth lt tthe rg te tit appear to be. ‘Weft epee the iit a grote aly (2— tan t= JB Belen up (1) 8a i ot n= wenn the ee 0/0 of Lopate in, aa i (28~ tan n= =-dw lig + tan ne iy, Ty aetgg 74 06066 1 tig, (PVE) = tn 2 VETF TD) ona Hg arr Mymtras Marer-rae 15, Ii In(t-+ 3c) = 0 and Jin, x =0. By L'Hoptal’s rule inte)!" Bg FA = m= 8 ‘Therefore In Hi(1 +32)!" = 3; fim (t + 82)" = 2, lim 21/0 | * x} ‘> From the plot at the right, the fanction appears to be @ constant 2.7. a Beeause 2 =O" * if > 0, then a in, 2 = Tim (€84)* = tm, m 03| Behn ge OP ag eoveen — In Exeicises (7-84, find the Iiit if exists, Mr. my ta(1=2e) = =e and | Hep tan xe 420, By L'Hopital’s rae oe Aegdes’ gp secon zine ly Taree paces lt Tate Borne tip, (-Be0ere) =Oand | ti, (1~2s)e =0, me appbed LHopitrs reagan. eas) atthe B(lanz) Sho 19. lip 2la(e +2) = 420 and lim, == 0. By L/Mopta' rule een tg SMES ug AEE $m tn ee Because lin (et +1) =-420 and lig (+2) = 00, me appli L'Ropita’s rae aga ve 2 lm, (+2) Therefore te Sm (e+ 2)°7*‘7.8 OTHER INDETERMINATE PORMS $37 29. im (seh 29° > Because limysinh 20 and_ tim tan 2 = 9, we hove the indeterminate form 0, We note that i >0, then sinh «> Bye n(n 2) cdl, ad we may let 7 Gah 2)" and ny i Yh an tain) = la Becse im (inh =) = oo und Ext «= to we may now apply Hopi fallow i = ts gees Because spe |a( tim, 9) = “Thereior, = too. By Lidpital’s re ford - tm ti, RE in, BEES tin, PPE tn, GE ‘Torefor tn ima, (in 2)F = 0; lim, (cin =)* = 1 Ine ten L422 a Bare ing AZ = a. Theretore, ce + O/* Be 2200/0 yp 22421 yy 2 8 BE ip BSE un, ge 0 in (ory ‘Mathed 1. ‘To simplify the base we lt = 1/=. Thue lig (+k) = ncn? ‘Because we have the indeterminate form 11%, we let, yas} ee) ‘Then 2 _ In(1+4e) tapnisa on 2D 0 and lim @=0 Tim (+) ‘we use L'Hopital’s rule on the right side of (1). Thus, etm HE Bde See eee “ron, limy= 4 equivalent, te‘585 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE PORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS Method 2 Beease tin (1+!) tim (14 on (OOaYT= alin = 40 25, Jim 2In(1+ sinh =) ~0 and lng = = 0. By iepta le ny inh 2°" =f, 2 ESD ig Re, 20. fle 2an fee = 27 in, Hla seo HH?) = 0 an . dayne 4 = pg Oe » fy E=e Jim(etan)2 =0 and fing 2° = 0:40 we ppl lpia’ role agin and wt iy S55 = ty, ‘Therefore in Jml(cos2)e7/}704 = an eas 20" 2. Belew » Bones Hsjenen 1 ant tin datos sre hove the indeterminate frm 1°, ‘Tas me et (coe =F In y= ton 2)? = ed Beensse ‘im infeoss) =¢- and ins? We te LHopitas ral on he tin, We2) Beers Thus ign) = =} ave on eile, ayleo 2)" 28. ig, oP eae) vn obama) Ine mim 2 ig, MEE OE in, fey Then tim, By Lipa rule ip 3 BL Let18 OTHER INDETERMINATE FORMS 639 lim, Fst we find lm sf, Let Iny=zine limgin y = im etn 2 Be o BxO448) yy <2 lin! CD, lige “es 7 ane 2E = tn, ie eae = lim, — alte VT 1n Bxerdises $5 and 36, plot the graph of f(z) ani from the graph predic the behavior of f(z) as (a) =o, and (b =+00. Confirm your answers in parts (a) and (b) by determining (c) tim f(z) and (@) im f(e). 25 tn, Bo Jin, Qt = +1 and li, GY! 0 beau 2 ‘lip f(2) = 0. These ace confirmed betaute f< E and so f(2) = (§)* isa deceasing exponent inetion, tn Lin ge f(a) =k, then f willbe continuous at 0 ig. f(a) = “gp Int —et#) cand ing bce. By tials re fle) tiga tft) tin, WL *) ) we applied LBipitals rule again. Therefore 1) fn i He) =O ig. JG) = 1. ener fw be continuous a 04 =.‘540 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDPTERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 40.142) We mum find & vo hoe fn J Ge aye Hire destin ghee swe apply L'Hopita's rule to the exponent. tgp ta ‘Thus, ‘im f(2) =P =E ‘Therefore, f ill be continuour at 0 if k= By L'opita’s rte nega tip, (Q8+}) = in, 2 BERET. we aye, pn GY Ben y= a= ete sit ign $0886 jpn OUT _ 5, min BE ig, SSE > io, B= ig SD = Ba (0) Use one sed Tinie tat =p i= 400 ang NY = oo. By pital ale UP tig (ey pt 1 72 r ki (sin tal’? (tim, , the hypothesis of L'Ropitats rue satsied for the imit on the right-hand side of (2). However, Idee to aptTo fd helt ne dee wumertr ad ena oy 2 Thee fo_,, Vr _ Vite 1 VS we Le RTOS Bea RT MRS MR Bt took ten lin by=O.tin 0 0<2e, the graph of y= f(z) hms an abscate maximum value al the point (cell) (278244). $C infetion points whe Eat Ken ehe>d > Beeanse (2) =e"!*, then fie) == Dee 2) (es 41) Decanse f(z) 0 if 2%, then f has an abwolute minimum value at (fet se 9) x (0.388,0892, Beas i, =) =. thn inf Final, ep_f(0)/2 =, i= ="San wo there te no ayia See the figure above right. sere Sn iq Mesto. Lifopitalsrale cannot be aed beens in E does not exit. St) tm esas ee Hesce im, (in 2)°°# = 09 ings} nee, on‘562. TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS vouovds semua mois Gra ee weet foment {free fee ee 392 Deion 1 atin fo all =<, then wanaldomcttion 4! 7 * Hatde= tin [Hehe Tit ea ote I rar a te ond ny a mb en ree [rei fitoe itn tia. Papal Vee ot [eh min [ee i hein ‘Convergent, Divergent ‘The integral i consergen if the limits exit otherwise it is divergent I f(z)2 ¢>0 apache [°° sere tin, J sete tm, fede tim, ite impale’ Coal pf) ite wep pret [ee coepe et ny i pe Rt st00, Monee Probability oftaterval 1¢ f in a probability density function (pe) for » particular event eceutting, thea prababilty thatthe even will occur over the interval [a8 i eae [tee Mean of PDF j= [ "f(x ithe integral exis exponential Densty Fonction: (2)=[K" N EEO ta mean sb. Se Bers 32 Unto Dy Paine) =f PEESESY, whew Prem Valen oy of cof J) dae yar a # ary nh hg anal le ete Sncrat 10 pert conponndedcntinuuy = V= [g=(Oe"*ae ‘The following init eorens ae ell when apg these defiitons, foot‘T.9IMPROPER INTEGRALS WITH INFINITE LIMITS OF INTEGRATION 543 1 Tus, the integral is convergent with valve 1/(2n2). 9. Let w= x and dos 2-*de. Then de = de and t= [remem ip, [Peres in 85 = Crago eae] TOF © [page [77 Herren te pot pf 1. Deni, Shon, |*7 eco de dive Th nega ode rp alae ‘heretore Jee], [te -tieh a [° Pee > We ue Definition 7.9.2. Thus [Poeeeain, S2ete o We tan by tt waz weed The, | ferrinn ae fame a | weston ‘Then fom (2) we obtain Pete = Pet tect 4 [tte = thet tect o | Suiting om (8) nt (1, stain siete = im Joe 22 4B = lim [2 -e(e?-2029)] =2- The teal converges nda aie 2 9 tee ip = ig pe ae | lt an pe [Tatitae- eel ord + batalla | theo bs a Sane ete a eee 2 |e webave pe a [i its" t,t im n(n 8) In 1} = 400 Thal te ltgr a depen54 TECHNIQUES OF INTPGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 13 [Revue meee + i [fetes slam [eB + tin [7B m(t =e) + him (b41) =1-0-041=2 ve [Ear ttean fet aca Pe tet aig He 4 tin Jae") = hao [7 sein [Pai Peeled Castor # [Sat > Weuse Definition 7.9. with ¢= 0. Thus [i ptse ae [Catala nddian af + Selb ab =e: oe ede) =] Pam the negate cuverpet ant baad 17, Became lig n= 400, [In ede ta Pm rl 46 ("tare desi [ote dain Joras sof = sli e“4(-con b+ sin) 0 [ose an gee eee eee (-1-teos a) + tim (-c08 b+ 1) ecu incon a door mot exit o reuse im con doesnot exist, [“~ ene de vege 0), [nse [esx], = Bp ger on = 00 20, Prove that if [2a (de convergent then [Rf (-=} ao cenvergat and hate sae vile Wranegren det | sohe~ i, [ee site Le = Ten [Facade “tn, sade = tip, [seve = ip, [see = in, [Hebe Comparing (1) and (2), we conclude that J9f|~z}de i convergent and has the same valu as [2,5 f( a |S lttie teleaeen nl area] nar = inden) tds) = (0) [tse tin J? i tif? ey = tn feces sf + nc + = lim [-$o-+2)] +, tin [Jn +59) Neither limit exists. Hence the given integral is divergent. 2 rent po tr vege minh ip fod Wi) =n tp, lim, rl 0? 1) which converges iand only ##1- p< = p> 119 IMPROPER INTEGRALS WITH INFINITE LIMITS OF INTEGRATION 545 ZA Let A square units be the stea ofthe megion bounded by y= I/(e" +77), the = asthe line = =a (@-<0) =h (b> 0). Then = fe tae AB ata tan = [themed eeu 4, we assign 3 as the measure of the area. Because li tan =e and i tan et 2 Dwi she pnt o wei nite nef mt tm a he en ce ee ee eee Te rman es aed ae TREES, amawine ge Wo tad nam af he gene tl sh hn erm 0) Sods tery oie eR bares et Soe eee teens a es vanasace a ft tere bf! Aer-Hf Aer —dmesth Meet) we ft Acad Cet ed aria = tim Yinb=143)=Hin +103) = 10 lg A= tig, Winfet+2)=He +102) afin bate ae i ami et 25. Consider the region bounded by y= 279/?, the x axis, z= 1 and r=b (b> 1) Am dement of volume is a ‘ircdlar dk, contared on the 2 aids; of radios ©; Then Vay py 3 wag = + [tae = sah = Cah ed) Ba Cet) = fps ne asi J ate rma the rote Because glia ¥ oie he rion Sound by ye; th goin oO and 8 (>): Am dames of re © circular disk, eeatered on the 2 axis, of radius e”**\, Then mbit eae =e feces jeep Ie a) 0 itzco (8) The probability that the life of batery isnot mote than 58 hous is _ 0 Pees) = [4 ° oce [8 syersie 0p (0) The pobabiiy that theif ds hastry at let TS hours P(TS. + 20)) wm [peayeem tin | dye“? te ae (ne ert) = Hy J Zee Bi Ir tb eremee = tn, [Ae = im, oem) oes 2% Por certain type of ight bul, the probability density fiction that = hou wl be the He af a bell ected 210 it at random is geen by /(2)= | TED. Find the probability that the ie ofa bulb edeted at ‘mado wil be a) Ween 40 abd 60 boar, an () that 60 hou » (a) The probability chat the eof «Bu seated a! random wil be betwen 40 2d 6D hours is Peat sop = [beg OP ng gh nanan = [ae [ teh =o of albedo rndor wl be tle 60 horse sla, [ode teem bn Ot Me HH 4m 505S16 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS Sh ize aro" nauay= [renee [bore (G8. 400) = J" teree eb sm rnfene fe3t ranarcen = fe st. 2 apn? [T° a-Fae = 29h ; Ra P0888 oR = tim (mH 8) wo ie = Hip fet eh = 9% ws 7866 arty = ay? Ro! = 2a > se) ce [Toseaie= P anees [erode =0- tin, |? = png, (a-ha f= fates intersting by prt Hen, the mean of the proba et 1000-2 ad 008 Decne 2°* = th pe a wn fo senetars [10.22 iy, fad 8 (ohn -none Tg? 208 yy (00, 1000 i Seto TEFOTS 6 ae OG iO — = 1290-41. Thus, the present vale $1208, (ano sp ton ane-* ,, (n900—2000 8] =tp, (ERD) = 0% 136, The continuous flow of profit for = coxspany is inceasng with time, and at t years the nusmber of dollars i the peofit per year x proportional to t sow that the present value of the company is inversely to Fhe 100; pereat in the interest ate compounded contingouls. et J) dollars be the profit pez year alter € years. We ate given that fe) =, with #> 0, because the per gear is proportional to & This, if V dollars is the prewat value of the company, thes [Procter [Petar ttn, [arta Weintete by pat with wat den Subaitatng the value ofthe inden integral given i 2) ate (1), we obtain are aces ‘Tus, the prevat value of the company ie invercely propetional to.7.9 IMPROPER INTEGRALS WITH INFINITE LIMITS OF INTEGRATION 547 5 Tenia sat dent go ope an | t= tn gag =P a = PAhawel ak fe eee rai eo > ne ain te Ths eiegl Sef “ [Pad S oe See bh om ‘he integral converge If ead only ifm > 1 Be cate eo nx oe arn sup [ "LE —98 \ ei, in ‘the integral for this value of n. ae © Graken eta ip [me tot emp pola + 1) Pte? 0) ate 24 Fale 9} ~sHipatdind( +B]-dn[ete=g)]-o 2 =f mes 9} 2 {fins xu{t =] fine sia 2) -n nt Fiate sw} npn bn ft 4) Fo(2-48)—1 10 24F e+) a) ‘he it he ssc and hid tem exit for any vale om andthe it the Sint ens ony it = B Sutottutng the value of in (1), the fit O+}l1~fh2~jin2+4lnj=0+0-{ln2-fin2+3la7—}In2=Jin7—3in2 atm ge selon ees in |G SES desea ed tie ote lta af 4 lig, fmin(@? +1) -In(804 1) mtn 2+ in temo, bth variable eras are eat, te imi =o and be tgs verge I> 0, then in, [tn GE oem) =f fu ee enna] He ¢ 0 ands fe) &U Puthermere [Preee= [pence [renter [rene = | aces [theses [700 aina-nglystes fu 2} the mumurator Jig tn‘548 ‘TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATS FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 7.0 OTHER IMPROPER INTEGRALS ‘The detnive integral [41 (=)ds in improper iff is unbounded the clawed interval [a8 consider the thee cases covered by the following dfiiions. 0 Deion Hf i continous sl inthe interval al eye othe lf eS and |) = tm [oie~ ti, rete, 14032 Defnioa 1 eons a al nthe interval Bal ope on he ig fa) nd tf) = then [sleep [f(t ie it exis 7403 Definion HJ continow at alle In the teal [ol] exept «wire ace ad Bg te)|=s0 tea [700% [seme bf) "ade f these limita exit. B/lehde » aa impsope fntageal: tb convergent ifthe cereapending it exit is divergent. If here ie more than one umber in [o,3] at which the function f i un tre mast expres the given integral oo sum af two of tare intgraa of the ‘ypen covers! TAO.L and 710-2. The folowing theorem les us sometimes avoid lmits See Bercive 12. tee [dp comern fan ca fy <1. Se Eerie 3 ‘Theorem A if in the open interval (o,) £ is continuons and has an antiderivative F(z), and F(z) cotinine cuit fh nf Fe =F) -F(8. Poot Lat ce(ed) Tiny henna there fe alo [free tn, [ewe ag [Nerden (OF + fg) =f) Brorites 7.10 In Exercises 1-26 detrei rip bape coreg dvapat Fi ome ween To A et ed at en ee ee 2» (aah a [eee teed + [eS «(tae onl ta © [P eop in| te ie. pte te actel atel , in aap] dianf-t+acta} ‘Because neither limit exits, the integral ie divergen', ne a4aes7.10 OTHER IMPROPER INTEGRALS 542

Because there isan inflate dicentinity at ~2, we use Definition 7.10.1. Thus, gas sel: i =, lin sete salient salt sleso lle le [sinr™ Oi” (d+ ap) aaa) yecause tim (-2+-2,) = 00, the integral diverges. Alternatively, [ &§ diverges ty the p test with p= 3. eae es (hah “on if Front te to ih p. [tana ae tim _['tan ede — tim tn see 6] = tin [In see t—In 1] = £00, Integral diverges. a pe [pene toed] = 0 " “hay Meany dy iieang tg _ te. Lt is a ee eee Nc ae [iio oh +450. Therefore, the given integnal is divergent. lim, Jean tee £1 2 oye + etc i inti 15.7 pe ip [tere [te ty Pure v8] 1, te yaft BRO 6a) tig 29246 Aten bce = 1) is eontiabous on the closed interval [0,2], we may apply Theorem A. Thus eae se—1yAP = 3-(-3)=6 eal aire Beha eT + intel 32 |p ein Ae rea im etiam Hf ha-chie= ap acces eae gn gl neg 1. Benue ig, rn [°c > There ave infinite discontinuities at both 0 and 2. Ths, we express che given integral ab a sum of two integrals ech with an infinite dlacontinuty atone endpoint. pviee” evita li aita~ sal pote ee oe tn, sen +e = io 1 C=) aketieer350 econo OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND INPROPER INTEGRALS eas ta | oe a leesr*l, +. + i B-Jev]m-g44-0 1 f= p. [S43 [*4 mba bf! dns és hl} a lim, -b] Bec ie Hit ite ate den Atenas, [785 dees te pot wi 9 = [oe ate cceneerreemeront onal sind Tol inser cele == Td Pte fete de) 20 ae VE suing onto 0 we stain [or se ig te Vm ig nt 420 Vi Fae net 2 eater a, pla + ty ie aie oot? (elf seaae”- coh F(t" 4 a2" 010 chitmzicah + in [-tat—st- Thereis an infinite dicatinty at. Thos a ue UME tm fet tet Mota) eames ctaienetn cir 2 [yfyf [oar Perm [P27 May algo —a7") + am, 2°" sa ee tes eeeTADOTHER IMPROPER INTEGRALS 551 Te Exercises 27-29, find the values of n for which the improper integral converges and evaluate the integral for these values miitng-t,[ttée> fi fm, te = pn = n> tthe [rue ty [ioe tale Memb Bien am [itiesde > a efi initiate 3a ne manele yt et vel dense ane oes hes iff 1 i Nee fet atin at net, then Jetazde= [e2e"'de=Hin 2? 2 n> =1, wet the anieivatve in (1) and me have [jeteeaes im [lat adem tn ES eS = lim aly Joliet qtp et ap ati ©) Beene 10) en 14m Appbing Uta ey Tim s"*4in 5 = lim, tO} a a AR EOS aa Substtating fom (4) into (2), we bave [iemecee= ape <=, Because <1, then =" ><" Using the antdevative in (2), weave flermedes tim [en ete~ tim|ita 27» a, (f000) ‘Thus the integral & civengent fa < f° aus [Tntede 2 tm, aig, Sie] = fi, fine = 40. tem> —1 we ue tteration Dy parts tree and get Se ap = eng de co Saleh SEES el eae ee mtn by [fz 2, Thor As ile te lame of elton i [feweaen ig [Setese= ag, sie ssomeaie oy [f= in [42 na! 0, £28, and thee ans An dlement of vol is vata ej 1P HE cubic unite repent the Neue of Che582 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS >a is exnvergent or divergent in each case: (a) 0 1 tie negli ent « DERLAGAG a cunt aemmenoee Gye crectinen 430. ten ener yo ‘Tinh, the improper ite -ivgent. {) Hm > 1, ther 91>. Hence, de carne if tH Jecetiete= tn, [Meare at ‘Thon the improper integra is divergent” 3B. An equation ofthe quater cule m the fst quadvant 6 y= Va. then y' =—2/VETHF. WL une ‘the rcumference ofthe circ, ae ise [es nets [Bes [SS [Sep ue-vlec Slate [apne an 0, de Ths Ia fins = | eae ~ ab eoteecct cod ferece oer cto 60, VaTEP row the figure we have wy, And by subtittion from (2) into (1) we get Spe EEE Pate ae 5. Lat = dz =2t dt Then Now let w= tan and d 12 (240i ~ fat = sree 1402 (24 Iuan!ye~ yF4+CMISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 7 583, 1 Bags Bae ASST tae fem [peda haem — ae ese es tie > Lei u= YeFL The v= +1, and de =2u de Hence (v4 10a da) Ht te) afin aia t Pde Abdu 118e 41) p4/EST 4 Alef JEST 140 = 2 4 4V EFT +4 tol VET 1]4+C tau) ae J@-ahilu=t-2iderticaeye-2myari|ec > Weuse the identity cova cost = Howat) +ox(e 8) Thus ores cos2e ae =} [eos s9 c+} [cost ad = (lojuj— Inf 2 +a) +c Atterntivey, 8s = Jape - tude silvonaf | in 8, dt =cos 48. Tien eerPa= fr jie tFat = Jenne sro eon ary = feoqam oars [\-+conayee = howe so fan 2r.6 =~ fo? son 9000+ 0 = Joa H(e—1)— far + Me VPC (ec derenese)te= [eee +2 terse tet cacte)de = | pecae +4 cc 82 ac") Lec | Uk Let sent), =} ta e+ flan Sel —Joot be +e 3 te = yd bao? 4), de pd stunts Ca2tetVF=IEC [ya Wet?594 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS vw Mims 9 ease cates 1 Paea aP anae EE Tae me eseesm A(t+ 9? +4042) +0. Let (= 0% lett: 2aiiers [esa 1a, | ARE 3 Jo— | ABE Jo" Jers [OR =P JP aro [Jeree = Per fet 4 fee — Br 4 Ca eV —95" 45 -2}40 wf [steel acioap lo aol = we [ue Let 6= sec"! Ja, Then z = 2eec 8, dz = 2 ee Otan 048, and VP =A = 2 tan 0. Tras, (2 eae a 4 [rien [Om ee [abit = [Sea ieee =Hisecean onan o4c= fg VEm sides v4 +€ where 2. Jasecotte de | in eco e}stiede =| fsa ftentear =r nites aa. [sat cat [ey -eoote= [at [erat jean [gan ate P= jean At geo st 4c * tole » [ee > We cor the demon eae 5848s mi In. sabe mote oo te (2 — fe -2)7 et 422 42-2=A(e—2P +Ble—1)fe-2)+0(e-1) Wat, weget Sa If r=2, we have 16=C. =O, we get -2=4442B—C and became A=3 C216, the =? =12428—16, «0 B= 1. Thesfore fostetgee [dp figs [thd same tiene tiniqenant re =tnl(e-1%(e-9 c 25 Latah dt tede then tm [Sense [ Peon shede)= [| teote Now lt u-=]t and de=con Then du §.dtand o=sint Thos = fesint— [Juin tat = tain to fet +0 = foteinet + eon +cMISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER T 959 Let uty data. [52S = | A I Let w= ead do = con tt dt. Then = Jat and y= fn 2, There [Peo tt dt} eVain [ean 2e at Teun el? and 60 = sin 2 dt. Then d= 417? and v= 6 2. Hence [een tiers eensel] ding jy [toon 2.4 obo aot B+C= fas gsc nite ne sbi af" Phen taf eon Hoe YffetPew aude Min ae fen ar HE [eae d= Btn a nt 46 = fetes [Gh 3.44 tante $2 ine 11-2124 1/+C [2 car ah = feast sin?) 4+ 20, Method 1. Let 2+}= Eytan’, dz = }/3 sce dd. | leans = | te Tone ee eee = get as re mee" be sin = for = -lneae(@ = fn) +e0t(0-J)/4 0: 4; fg =| acatetaea|*® Wites pWP TEE VieraeaT $ ve 2 eto ale Sere c=mngyi)+6. Method 2 Lets = hd Viten8, d= Josdo—fr)ao Wvincas, [ate ir , Sy ye le sero eee dl +e= 2 nbdee¢41an 14 C= ie tet St neces dente ob = [pigs trate tatoos) 6890 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS. = frat 6 idea cal dines Jrwattsanym Jatin [th [= 33. 1= | Vat? aim | 1/4 (t— 29 at. Let 2: = 2sin @ where 0 << Jn ift>2 and -}x <#<0ifte2 ee a cats t= [content dn =2[(1 +10 2948 =10--5n284C= 48425 Bed 46 = tent?) + fev F ee * edt ale a Gb) tee s-}ejviTne a dex pV TTsects VEE = ames B iv me o decease AVI sect do Daten AGRE pam esnetee Site hod) dine) tna Je-8 = Se atesa-de| = Bile eee VI ln(2vSVEeF as I +62 ~1) 40 as f=) fs fuhi-zl+e=5ife"5l]+c 8 [ort > Phat let w= 2p and du = 2 de. setae c= ifstlec = ileal 46 Let lertien=Hecftsrs Now ke = =tan fs. Then tends and coset = ‘The fst plo shows this to be dscotinnos: the second sof the raquird atiervative. To lininae the daconnuity at =r, fr we we us a—tanYe= tan H2=E, Thon, = [pdipe feet pro mh eae an fey 1o= J eign 2) hi eaarae = H+ Han tan 2) ~ tan Hcan 2)) +0 = fo + J rant SEES 4g Ty fast “ibe at =b jeter tints «it Fea te) + Ai meas a)MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 7997 eae. Then | eine =| deg = fangs om pan Ge) +c. dt Bud Then ~ Herter seh us tut tlnlut 1140 = Avi ta ines 46 foe jones & laters fb Welt ene"! and dam o-My, Note that 222.23 and so => j ae & =-| cs -Lf fe ace | 7 mT pd J+o=-Tpaot(s 3) +6 he tee “ and w= 32° Therefore ite de = feos} TE Por this integral let #2= 124; ten 2 = [ee4- = fie-natefo-at-}ue-9=-Pinre rae Prinz + AVIRA +2) +0. 2 and x dem tat. Thus (ins) =) bin sl-td 42a 2 +0 tides lactttion= Wah-s =tilrtBes|+¢ 1. Leu zens d= tod. Thelin Sawada [9et5~ [ptiagts= [tp mee rcc etme 14, [eons ingin eye > Wala wesda a du =eqste n ihes nope pam [eebtia sje fnuieoine- [eptecvin owe C=sinetian s\n e+ then di =5 cos St. Thus ae Sin Beortau hO= Bee H2 ain 3) 46 J te [unesiceden [iozten [legtste= [qc s—cenie=tinertnsinie r+‘558, TECIINIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS At, Lat 2 VF Then 24= 2? snd t= 2 de, Hence I= [ape = | gee. Ia -rcons+ [oor sds seme tsin aa finer > Memeo ptt wanes) donde tontede ome Then [Bestest fees tatialall eon nasi bas > [ae flares [oBhetta~t] #-8[rcafiea be -pte ote be the = 2G a Baise) = [ada |(plo-gla}e=|id}telec ths a Aa ! #158 |epraticee= | = fa bitsy [Gehr-ebabe Meee c EAs 51. Ifn=0, Jastarde = fode=c. 10 $0, fonts de | (1 -costna)sin ne ae = [tt —2eontne scortnsan ne de — Ycoune sf cPae eons) 4¢ a2, [ranteseete den >0 © Let stars, de-=ende de Thea tate eae ae) = fur nm [et aria EEE at 11 farina de~ finedS=Jine +c tag —t.lt wate wand dem te: Then dea Hf od Justensts 5A Tet x= VERT Then P= tan nd Dede mine de sothat d= 2B = By ee Amn 120 (Vlaams /icaaye (ne Vom (ken A040)MISCELLANI US EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 7 999 (0s -Vi8+ VD=0(8 Y24=8- Yic+D=0(H) =: Then (2) yields JA 4 C= 2A42C =0 (1k -V3A+B4 y8C +0 = (2)+ (1) ives 3B +20 = 2 nd om (3) we ge = and fom (1) we get = -|V, C= $V. Tete (us VBdu 1 (ou VBidu fd rev [Sette = Int? + iu + = hV9 inte? atl) +, ts, i inte Vi vlc Wit? Vine +h ate = vi) «pvt we vie CEH +6 =fvandis Fae Siren (Fiano +3) +} Stan Fame -)+0 Meted2. | vitweew [oH de [Wetars fetta HS se Vita V2 3 srrvaeci[ vee Ca)ee = inl e SES [vem (ecaee Fill seta rina eucelchdate se ee [verre rienof PEE enol” a geratandl ot s [avis > Let Oia 1 YF. Then 2 = sin" aod de = Zn O08 948 and = G a Thus, Sean . w, [eteitae— ["( vu. vase. [eat hye atte ald ps aieg a tnneatece [tn [le [ftom 58. Method at (= 2 tan 2 where <0. he. Them dtm enct6d8 and Vis B= iF Tae = 2V 5078 = 2 eet Je ll [ASSN es Minto seco a= cbc f= tA Method 2. Let u= V24 0. Thea +¢ and udu =t dt. Thus = |? — [Me tea If -v Then du = 2¢ dt and v~ YFP. Thus LHS “pe gaey nea mira B= svi-fa+eyPf = BBE [ages [gta a rnniiato st aan Method 8 Let w= # and do.560 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 0. [7 see cot dt Lek usin tand d= eet dt. Then [rant cae dt= [Paina —sntrjoe eat [att a ie, G1. Int w= 2 and de Bln pe Ete ah -leegl Then du = de and = $V3-[sin Gv) ~ sin (-D]=4v5- be 02 Lkunedtl dum de. (Late (oe ae [Ga rena = Partenta see ceran 63. [wets dem [Mote t pede = tae tan == | fb (im a\de Fes Because 243242 (2+ 1)(e+2), we fet Fess ett 1-2 =A(e+2)4B241) Mapctdm ten i Wate ate [SRE [Mota atabe—tisesicsucvalfmieno-sieg-ams-tea wtlng-ated43in2 nh 22) to 65. [1 eta ay = [* a =Chbed) 66. Parsee Beal = oa 87 Ley +1 = eee 0 weve 96 [Or/S]. Then dy — on 6 ta and Vinei = Ver t=1= Vieni = View = tan 0 ATE Ao = [7 sane 9 1 8.4) = |" ae santo — 00 9 = Va Junee> V8) Astings$ling=}-Hind eects see 8)40 sae = =n yf 2% ‘wed a ee the integral in the sabt hand nie of (2), we trace by paraMISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 3 ac] = 2002) —fetne ef 200 39-2100 2=2)-0-10 aaa -2e-$1= AC? +1) +(Be4C)e= (A+ BIA HORA ‘Ths, from (1) we obtain [fossree= seh =H? Aina 373) eo be wn 2-27, Que ‘ = [yee yavaloe-peon= Nek suv ee eras ened (tein aide mache 2in 2-2)” “tee “s [sine coe se [Pisin e—cos ste = V8." con she = V3] "ainte— inte av [ot [fre fontes sited] = Vikeose— jn] cote il onto ted = V0 -fv8)- (1-1) + Gv + D) = Av La wast ti then gun} and de~ du Theron Ayes veor-tB Co a-})-(m2-J)=me fad sie wt dn iff? =e—1 oP stew = fane—fsik = Because |taa'(-2)|-leasSeh see TS fsntelee 2 "tants =2 [Mints ae - gates — 1} =2 Teanewete ate -2 "Nan state jd jet a[ Mas ente des awede J tatelftsttaneelf=}-14 tieyE= tin 2 2 ptt teat qope BEM amet sce +) al 22th e@ be} a ayeM8 THCHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS We lat en VF Tha Pa P studi ede ['OVTaRMes | eV TEFet) = [Vaca — rye de) = [Yet atau = eo eA pice teeny ht © [ts Cae | 81, Let == tan ft, Then os ¢= L535 and at = 2, Therdore tf aeyet-bn a 3a de = [tas ede de = [enn te fan? ef afd [c? watt eels” bay Perer cers) 2 J tae [Unde sudo n= (sere) —er = 4 83. Let a= Vf then 2 =o? and de = 20 dhe Thee t= [2 i= Fide =2)* mina. Now let v= =u. Then w= 4—v? and du: raafP areca mal etwas “Lenten Lats rH Then sme 4 00 de = Dede and 2= 2741 [oa eaaliree: [leet 2ne ef -tteta do eter ie invgral using the given re with n= expres the rel to 3 decimal 85. A= tt = 25905, By the tapesidal rule ['VEse de SPs avis? +254 2/ THs vil = 207 (Bat 2989) SEL a0.2, py the sropesital rte [VIF Eae whe 2 STB a VISIR VTA VT = . 258-08 ySimpons ke ['VToe ae mn QSn s TSS avis aVTS LR + vil = 295796 = 2.959 (Beat: 2.95789) oo VF ae > ae-$F 102 By Smpeat nie [0° Ae aa wl02[ VSP suo sno +a aa + OR] “The aloe ofthe intel 5881 comet tix decimal lace a0, a2 —Howa) =|) = 04.1 [e882 de, Pat your eleaatrin radian mode, (0) By she taped ale Te eh 9S ca yc ose. = 104 (0) By Sinyon's rae me AL 4 4 22 7. D 4 CO SHB) 1555 = 1.572 (Breet: 1.5689) onsale‘MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 7 563, Tema va L808 Ang por ec he ed nde We ite PATH [is dtesf gett ape a te pe Sma Teinsewa[is [seein te Lest." 2 wh ce dco pa 0.2 = 02. fy (0) he opie (0) Spa ale (6) 1m 926.2245: +2H58-42461 426.142 K60-+2X8.5 4246842067 + 64) ~ 1242 (eGo 4x874 258469 HELE ANEO PES AES 42X67 6) = 1240 te Beis B-10h() Hom lt sate wat) spent appa = sponte (compte Hf 10/0), Ute) sa 2 jog WOES) 92. fe) = 82% > (a om te lt a tbe Fey he tape a Xa sane yy ee rae angst (By pitas a. key p88 . PRP=Qe+a-8 ie —aea? as as SEG. ogee) © Ds Teetafon a= Batoe) = Ba ae > Gj Flom she plo the siht,te init appease tb (6) By Vp ayy, BEE? tp YE Sa rsaee °° tim f ot tin 5°L" tm me 7 epee AE Using know Tait, Time = ti (o In Lm lim, In(sin?e)'9®* = (tan z Insin*s) NEL tntem ti Jalan = (an z Inia?) Peo fen > (q) From the plot atthe rht, the init appears tobe 0 es (©) By Lapiate rale,tim, —F2"E™ tig, le = 0 6. in, SBE tm, hie = ee tha me C2) ie Sete pM sinks cost5¢4 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS. ty Bxercises 107-118, find the Timi i€ it exists, ard support your anewee graphically. 107. Weruse lim, == 1 to simplify the derivatives of the denominator. Vasile's) =m etn) a Big(e?—sin?s) = 0 and fig 2° = 0. By L'HEpitals rate From Seaion $4 we have the lint Yin(+2)"* 20 “Teor ng_gle—(1-+ 297") the given fancies Beene Dye ents) 0 and tm,_o¢~0. Thus the hypothesis of Lopita’s ree is sate aed Dyas we hare Hin Tagi—D,(2 +2)!"") te vets nya) In +2) dp gotta) Dg perma DAl+e/F a0 gute o ‘Substitating from (8) into (2) and applying L'Wopital’s re, we obs hi +2)-TEae, Tae tie pyc te) (+e tn: 1 ge, Mag BAC ag MD aie anted hei eae bias ares mo. tig EET = Jig, EATS AED ap | = ly UAL. Fog +44)" = int +40) U2 tim +e) Ea ee fe PN a gM Me 118, Becewe ip AE in 1 tn 2) =m, 0-192) = goo Ao, ta 2) = 450 tna 2) ae soins wim yp, 1ORE ‘Paln(e—in2) le AB.xestie: ~ eons?MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 7 565 ae 1 i a a in, in baSeond “- ees aig, mesa 1, Hn ( 23)" » Bene fg Bor weave the fdetemoate fom 1. We et o=(igeylr, ny Bees By Wii le Say tw 20, HE-} ane Oy HOE? — oy Boe smsint eesteost=° (HE) 7+ 21. Note: tin (2-1) = soo: by mopar cue AIT, Because tim T= am =a 118, i, in alos = 0 and cot = topic cate hp ele ‘tek Un, Pah * = tp tnetnsnPe ~ RINNE = i OG = i, (tenets) = 0 aaa a sp cle ~ St) nads ~ tp “Phar nin, inte) = 6, (net. tn Buin 10182 dexmine i : Pe vet de Yee at ae.) pdty ty, [ltt [catia tay lbee lL, te, idee iP = ty ae Yi ft a—fusee+a] econo nether of tise Lis eka, te given iaegral is divergent. im. [Ide » Ie stay, [iette= ig [2298 om tim [208 5200} = 2 jo Ve an an cA ected" [err ome Deal SVisavi= li ren cate at in, [Cte ig [-o8—6 = in (In Essat tsi) e Tn eg dr me [ata © [stent Dada [a tle aig [-fe tates l=—destede= te ootvs? see tim, (?aee= in [AE = tm (8 i ° in et [te alin [olnaet eet] Gat aon ti, f° aat= | wm [eh [sroee [Semen ‘ 02 to- gade~|- pln atte yds wie | a oa Gee ots, bee DD" + ta deere Dba Fe) Fm a sdeh in, oo (tna)? = 00, The integral is divergect. | | | 4 faze tim { saa dowstt Ee tig, Jimsans) = Jin, M002?) 131, Because 2 € [01], 14 2? <2 Therefor by Theoren 462 [iste an aaton? as Ie! vce the give later divergent 12. te 3 Viztene Because 3~ 2x a? = (3-42)(L 2), there ean infinite discontinuity at 2. Thos Peete el Be tlie EL ae ee =k-Chi=é Fine} =— im, {im e= 400 Sole ee uss restithe (27182 [ee |e ef d= tea de a> the we Indeed t= tin [a= =, lin ra je ae fon ie ft a] 1 “fmt tia i Te] 1A, (4) Recah = d= oo, ["* sah dana dence [ain = doe cvreet. 0p, [antes tm foi te — = i ot en =, 0 eg koe sac feoprae tabi erata-i0e My_ta-10e%)/9__2. « a aH ATS eI The cmt At 0280 m moe ea 2-0MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 7 567 TOR Fad the eater of mat of od lng ithe na deny meee om the ted VF en Ags he oat man he he M= tim eetae-[* vore BBE toon [Tver Let 2/3). Then x = Jtan 4, so dr = 3sec% 40 and VOTH =3 sec 9. Let tanb— $50 secb—$ “hen, wth the help of Example 7.236, : Ma 0 sod ae mi an Oar 04 fend san oiB = O34 nf § Furthernore fhe cee of ra of ie rode ¥ meters fom the le en, ten Mas ti eutuiae = [*Voro%e de) = 3-30 +2]! = feast? 94) 8 Bag vOF etait = [VER ae) = 5 Jo.4 P| = fet?) =, ‘hertey wees reife tag tt The contr of aac the od i bout 2.19 ces rm be lt od of he od tat, 2=f 94 Renee SE=$ pln ont be the nat of fom (6,6) 10 (2.6/9. et y= Stand where << and Mt a= tan" and b= an" /Fo tha = Band se b= ‘Than dy = 300 a and rho? = Via tant = Vines ~ v0 0, Therefore be [ara | tate a9 =a) , ‘ 2 sa 2VE fino 62/9 36:2 fiatvi-+2) = avin avi+ inh) 13, Uae tana canes A= [VE —Jsn vd 0+ FIn3 Juco rand Sideco-ston aft 150, The gue shows the graph of == y=), y€(- Praesens for plotting ee 2 =a nf, y= Th aren meld by ne op ice thearea of thereon in th ft quaint IFA sae tne the aes exlsed Syne Any tp, Bw VinaPa =a! VP ay Let y =n 8 where 08 < by. ‘Then dy = cas 9 49 and Vine VID = View cond [07 See ao bf? Lege an = bo in 1h, ind the length of the are of the carve Weapply Theorem 61.2 Let L Vis rere fi-g=-¥est fh least of the ae. een (ales | eee a) P41, 0udu=s deand 3 na. sas cntet VE te de fey be OR SR ae oat VIR EPS)ss rcs owes, Sorte Om DONOR TERA eet ace eee = VEST ~ oe Ine +I ~ 1) — 1 Inf y2— 1) 2.003 1M. The egon s bounded by y= la 2z, the z an, and 2 Ap element of volume isa elds sell centered cn hey axe of ream mde mat lade In ry 7, € [je IF cable unite tthe woke of the sled revs, then V =p, & cemstnamgace =2s [onde Vet = nde an do = de. Then = banda =f sonal rnze anf eaendfot] a demedehy (Ain 2e—4 ye+))= x{cn 245.2 =; ve Paftespe= [Ldtget- | M3. Let z pounés of chemical C be present at hous We have lable of boundary conditions. -Bs Lyu= f-He$ al ie (4) moaTy ~ 28 = soo} 318) wait ve have 2 = 35.4 ato i) 1M. A task isi the shape of the soil forte y fotating about the = axis the reion bounded by the Poles the 2 i, and thee z= and 2 = If the tank ful of water, find he work dane in {Lite water tote top ofthe tank Ditnce a meaeued i et Take le pve aus Joma The fgate shows plane ston of the tank. The cnet of vue isa cals disk of thickness Aye ad qodien tn ty Tete rocber of xb et ln an cement of volume BV == (nuyae Ite the deni of eer, then te nubs of pour inthe fo on the men a ‘AF aun = roth woe ocelot tp af the tank au he pat where « 6; th smh of et i he slemen! of diplacenent aut Heese the take Bounded by the fines = end = 2, then We, fm Spar EB. ip Su —e)mu(la w PA = wef (e—e)ln 2)'de We we int watna? do =2nz de ‘Ths, (0) Whee & nnd open? fie-anneudf Weingast ake a (e~2eldeMISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES POR CHAPTER 7 569 sl a w explana: = mde 9 (2 ten 0+ fae nelle 2 — et 20904 ft 22} 2) — (fe —20) 44-22 meee 2) The wok about 65904 £20. Prom Bacrse 199, 2/8 M a2? y/FO— vide =! PVT =a vd Let v= i= 9 Then? =1-y7, ane ae Then agn2[? dw pteues) =f! (ahem -fvP =i ‘The centroid is at (0,g) where y= Lat, = 8-¢4 : bse sein be cloud by the hep af g?aaPoe?mMl—a), Parmele quan PE Flat ae ui. Fa IaPiy =P) Sortie fre ove, By epi 9=9. bet Vt svi de asf! svimse= [2 0-2 pnt-tede)= [ost Jieecevimea= & t= sot a ane ne ea yaaa enero nn [7 lonetens)—tine-eutle=2 |? omadsvadeah a2 [Ea = de sins +02 [= AG— ae =f ins on) +(ns —coniin = Hen 2)~ (Gn ees fern =t £p2 a }e—1 and y= 4E=}; The centesid is at the point (L=—2,4) ays |fPtne tone) fees =e sina)(2 es 2}de = [7 sin 20 de =f on 22) * Find the ertrold ofthe cegon in th ft quadrant hounded by the coordinate axes and the curve y= cow, TCA square units the aren ofthe reson, thes fhe [Poveda nye [PPE eae | "Pia séenesnstcn sl? aden ry hn M,= [7 east de=1["" +e 20he0 foe 1 2) tthe centroid of he eon, then 2 = My-=Jr—t and y= My k= Je a a epi ec any als “Then the repen i brand by Y= dcinige. 20.21 andthe = ack. An ebnent of ans 4 verteal sep of ength2sinbw, and ena depth sin ircy Fb nie foc onthe ed. Je aniadge d= 0° (1 con dge)ue = oe peeindED — 024-3 Pa Bp E (rn Felon Fone 160. Let the curve be y= cin ey 2 € [Oye] y —2 ie the water vel P Ib i the fore on one side ofthe board An clement of azea isa vertical tip of altitude sia wf and mean depth 2—Esin u Pa Sp bat dum epee r= y|Ganz—datetem [rane [nate neers fet ganze = 92} 2)]= aa4—}x) = 2006