ANALOG ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

(ECE2002)

WATER LEVEL DETECTOR

A PROJECT REPORT BY

G.S.S.R.AKHIL - 17BEC0469
AADI VISHNU - 17BEC0709

Guided by
Prof. RAJESHKUMAR.V
(Senior Assistant Professor)

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINNERING(SENSE)
VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
VELLORE

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “WATER LEVEL

DETECTOR” that is being submitted by us for Analog Electronic Devices
(ECE2002) is a record of bonafide work done under my supervision. The
contents of this Project work, in full or in parts, have neither been taken from
any other source nor have been submitted for any other NONCAL course.

Place: VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Date: 1-11-2018

Signatures of the students:

G.S.S.R.AKHIL(17BEC0469)
AADI VISHNU(17BEC0709)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are deeply very grateful to our course teacher,

Prof. RAJESHKUMAR V without whose guidance and

help we would never have been able to complete the
project.

We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of our lab

assistant, who provided us with the material and gave
valuable inputs.

We are also grateful to the management at VIT and dean

sense for providing us with this valuable opportunity to
carry out our studies here at VIT

Signatures of the students:

G.S.S.R.AKHIL (17BEC0469)
AADI VISHNU (17BEC0709)

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 ABSTRACT

The drinking water crisis in India is reaching alarming proportions. It

might very soon attain the nature of global crisis. Hence, it is of extreme
importance to preserve water. In home based water tank, the one
problem is very common to us that the control of water level of
overhead tank, as a result the wastage of water is increasing day by day.
But we all know water is very precious to us. This problem can be
controlled by a simple electronic circuit consists with some cheap
electronic components ,that circuit is called ‘Water Level Indicator’. The
operation of water level controller works upon the fact that water
conducts electricity. So water can be used to open or close a circuit. As
the water level rises or falls, different circuits in the controller send
different signals. These signals are used to switch ON or switch OFF the
motor pump as per our requirements. Water Level Indicator is a simple
low cost circuit. First we introduced this circuit from the web. There the
circuit is made with various components like transistors (BC547,BC548)
Resistors, LEDs and etc. After we discussed that how to make the circuit
with transistors and after we calculate that we got the result, beside we
got help from our teacher about this circuit. At last we got a simple
circuit with transistor and it shows result. The other liquid control
circuits, which we have seen those are very critical than this circuit.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction…………………………………………. 6

2. Basic Principle…………………………………….. 7

3. Circuit Diagram…………………………………… 8

(1)Hardware…………………………………. 8

(2)Software…………………………………… 9

4. Design………………………………………………. 10

5. Methodology……………………………………….. 11

6. Advantages and Disadvantages…………………….. 13

7. Applications………………………………………….. 14

8. Conclusion…………………………………………… 15

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1.INTRODUCTION

A Water Level Indicator may be defined as a system by which we can

get the information of any water reservoir. Water level indicator system
is quite useful to reduce the wastage of water from any reservoir, while
filling such reservoir. Water is most essential thing on earth. Safe
drinking water is essential to human and other life forms even though it
provides no calories or organic nutrients. The total amount of water
available on Earth has been estimated at 1.4 billion cubic kilometres,
enough to cover the planet with a layer of about 3 km. About 95% of the
Earth's water is in the oceans, which is unfit for human consumption.

About 4% is locked in the polar ice caps, and the rest 1% constitutes all
fresh water found in rivers, streams and lakes which is suitable for our
consumption. A study estimated that a person in India consumes an
average of 135 litres per day. This consumption would rise by 40% by
the year 2025. This signifies the need to preserve our fresh water
resources. The presence of water level detector in reservoir can help to
control the reservoir and inadequancy in such a reservoir.

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2.BASIC PRINCIPLE:

The basic principle of water level detector is to detect the levels of water
in the source tank and according to the levels of the source tank, LEDs
will glow with the help of BJTs.

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3.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Hardware:

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Software:

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4.DESIGN

The requirements of the project are :-

Bread board – 1

Transistors BC547 - 3

LED’s - 3

1K ohm resistors – 3

9 battery supply

Water glass

Connecting wires

Buzzer

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5.METHODOLOGY

 The operation of this project is very simple and can be

understood easily.
 In our project “water level indicator” there are 3 main
conditions:
1. There is no water or very less water
available in the source tank.
2. Intermediate level .
3. There is more amount of water
available in the source tank or about to
overflow.
 So let us discuss on the more about these 3 conditions
 After establishing the required connection as shown in the
circuit diagram, we place the other ends of the three wires
which are connected to the base of the three transistors
into a bowl at three different levels of height.
 Suppose wire-A is at a lower height.

 Wire-B at a medium height.

 Wire-C at a height from which water is supposed to overflow.

 As we start pouring water into the bowl, the water level touches the
first wire (Wire-A) which is at a lower level and the circuit gets
completed and current starts flowing and the first led (D1)

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 glows.Gradually, as the level of water goes on increasing the other
two LEDs (D2 and D3 glows) indicating that the water has reached
the maximum height.

 As the water level crosses the maximum limit(Wire-D), the buzzer

starts beeping and thus sends an alarm so that we can stop the supply
of the water.

 Thus, this simple circuit depicts how a Simple water level indicator
help us in preventing the flow of water and further help in reducing
the wastage of water and power.

 So, it turns us to be a very useful appliance which can used

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6.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:

1. Power Saver
2. Money Saver
3. Automatic
4. Water Maximization
5. Reliable Electronic Design
6. New Control Minimize Fouling & Deterioration
7. Easy Installation With LED Monitoring

Disadvantages:
1.Water level controls need to be replaced every 3 years.

2.The rust, foul and deteriorate

3.Electronics are usually built separately

4.More difficult installation

5.Most float switches are outdated

6.No Warranty or Guarantee

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7.APPLICATIONS

1.Automatic water level controller will automatically START the pump

set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level
(usually 1/2 tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank
is full.

2.Fuel level indicator in vehicles.

3.Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies.

4. Process batch control & monitoring.

5. Water tank level control

6.Fuel tank level gauging

7.Oil tank level control

8.High & low level alarms

9.Pool water level control

10. Stream level monitoring

11.Cooling tower water level control

12.Sewage pump level control

13.Remote monitoring liquid

14.Pump controller

15.Tsunami warning and sea level monitoring

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8.CONCLUSION:

The main aim was intended to design a simple and low cost water level indicator.
This is not only for water tank but also used for oil level and chemical lab. To design
this system, we used transistor as a platform and local materials for low cost. We tried
to design a system in such a way that its components will be able to prevent the
wastage of water. The whole system operates automatically. So it does not need any
expert person to operate it. It is not so expensive. This design has much more scope
for future research and development. Though it is a project, we hope some
modification in this project will lead to a reasonable diversity of usage.

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