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Variable Frequency Drives (VFDS) : Commercial Hvac Energy Consumption
Variable Frequency Drives (VFDS) : Commercial Hvac Energy Consumption
Variable Frequency Drives (VFDS) : Commercial Hvac Energy Consumption
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12/6/2013
Opportunities
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Advantages
• Better Control
– You drive the motor only as fast as you need to in
order to get the right air flow, water flow, space
temperature and more
• Energy Savings
– Just as you vary the amount of gas you put into your
car’s engine, the VFD varies the amount of power that
it puts into the motor
– 50% flow for 13% power
• Maintenance Savings
– Soft start/stop means less wear on couplings, belts
and motors
– Controls tell staff when system needs attention
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•Power increases 33 %
Energy Savings
150 3/4 motor speed = 42% power
58% power saved
125
1/2 motor speed = 12.5%
100 power
75 87.5% power saved
Power
50
Money Saved
25 Motor without VFD
At 100% speed = $1,000 Cost
0 Same motor with new VFD
25 50 75 100 125 150
At 75% speed = $420 Cost
% Speed $580 Savings
At 50% speed = $125 Cost
$875 Savings
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Power
75
50
Torque (mechanical force)
Power (energy consumed) 25
0
25 50 75 100 125 150
75% speed = 42% power (0.753)
% Speed
50% speed = 12.5% power (0.503)
(theoretical power reduction)
Reduced speed = HUGE $ Savings
12
10
% Operating Time
0
5 25 50 75 100
% Flow or Volume
Data Supplied by the U/K Dept of Trade & Industry.
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12/6/2013
Energy Conservation
Additional Benefits
• Improved control
• Reduced noise & vibration
• Simpler installation &
commissioning
• Lower maintenance costs
• Fewer complaints !
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12/6/2013
• 29 VFDs installed on
chilled water pumps
and fans
– Incl. three 300 hp
• Metered measured 1st
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12/6/2013
• VFD retro-fit to
compressors on
Carrier and York
chillers
• Goals:
– Reduce operating
expenses
– Correct electrical and
mechanical problems
associated with chillers
– Match speed of
compressors with
cooling demand
– Show significant ROI
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12/6/2013
Do I need a bypass?
• NO…..unless it is a critical application…..life or
death…..think hospital….
• It typically quadruples the price…..it would
actually be cheaper to buy a spare VFD
• VFD technology has become extremely
reliable…..don’t let a bad experience from 20
years ago make you think the drive will fail
• Bypass types
– Electronic – Switch is “soft”, made with relays and
software
– True Electrical – Hard, physical switch makes the
change
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12/6/2013
•Bypass Contactor
•Drive Output
Contactor
•Overload Relay
•Control Transformer
With Fusing
•Customer Terminal
Strip
•Main Fused
Disconnect
•Main Disconnect
Handle
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12/6/2013
What is NEMA?
• National Electrical Manufacturers
Association
– NEMA sets standards for VFD enclosures and the
protection they provide
– It’s typical to see NEMA 1, 12, 3R and 4X.
• What do they mean?
– NEMA 1: Protection against touching live parts and
falling dirt
– NEMA 12: NEMA 1 protection plus against circulating
dust, lint, fibers, and flyings, and against dripping and
light splashing of liquids
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• Standard
– Waiting for speed comand signal from
external source (i.e., BAS controller)
– Accepts 4-20mA, 2-10vdc, etc.
• Local/Remote Control
• Multi-step Speed Control
• PID Control
• Multi-purpose Control
• Pump and Fan Control w/Auto
Changeover
Applications
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12/6/2013
Fans Pumps
Machines
• Refrigeration compressor
• Air compressor
Opportunities
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12/6/2013
Supply Air
Fan
Space
Static
Receiver
Controller
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12/6/2013
Return Air
Fan
Supply Air
Fan
Receiver
Controller
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12/6/2013
CC1
CC2
Evaporator 2
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