Projection means choosing which columns (or expressions)

the query shall return. Selection means which rows are

to be returned. if the query is. select a, b, c from AB
where x=3; then "a, b, c" is the projection part,
"where x=3" the selection part.

The SQL INTERSECT clause/operator is used to combine two SELECT

statements, but returns rows only from the first SELECT
statement that are identical to a row in the second SELECT statement.
This means INTERSECT returns only common rows
returned by the two SELECT statements.

***************************************************************************

5.b) Consider the following tables Product and Client. Write SQL commands for
the statement (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii)

Table: PRODUCT

P_ID Product Name Manufacturer Price

TP01 TalcomPowder LAK 40
FW05 Face Wash ABC 45
BS01 Bath Soap ABC 55
SH06 Shampoo XYZ 120
FW12 Face Wash XYZ 95
Table: CLIENT

C_ID Client Name City P_ID

01 TalcomPowder Delhi FW05
06 Face Wash Mumbai BS01
12 Bath Soap Delhi SH06
15 Shampoo Delhi FW12
16 Face Wash Banglore TP01
(i) To display the details of those Clients whose city is Delhi.
Ans: Select all from Client where City=�Delhi�
(ii) To display the details of Products whose Price is in the range of 50 to 100
(Both values included).
Ans: Select all from product where Price between 50 and 100
(iii) To display the ClientName, City from table Client, and ProductName and
Price from table Product, with their corresponding matching P_ID.
Ans: Select ClientName,City,ProductName, Price from Product,Client where
Product.P_ID=Client.P_ID.
(iv) To increase the Price of all Products by 10
Ans: Update Product Set Price=Price +10
(v) SELECT DISTINCT Address FROM Client.
Ans: ( The above question may consist DISTINCT City. If it is DISTINCT City,
the following is the answer)
City
-----
Delhi
Mumbai
Bangalore
(vi) SELECT Manufacturer, MAX(Price), Min(Price), Count(*) FROM Product
GROUP BY Manufacturer;
Ans:
Manufacturer Max(Price) Min(Price) Count(*)
LAK 40 40 1
ABC 55 45 2
XYZ 120 95 2
(vii) SELECT ClientName, ManufacturerName FROM Product, Client WHERE
Client.Prod_Id=Product.P_Id;
Ans:

ClientName ManufacturerName
Cosmetic Shop ABC
Total Health ABC
Live Life XYZ
Pretty Woman XYZ
Dreams LAK
(viii) SELECT ProductName, Price * 4 FROM Product.
ProductName Price*4
Talcom Poweder 160
Face Wash 180
Bath Soap 220
Shampoo 480
Face Wash 380
*******************************************************************

****************************************************************************

MORE ON DATABASES AND SQL

Aggregate Functions

Multiple row functions which work on multiple values are called aggregate functions
or group functions. These functions are:
1 MAX() Returns the MAXIMUM of the values under the specified column/expression.
2 MIN() Returns the MINIMUM of the values under the specified column/expression.
3 AVG() Returns the AVERAGE of the values under the specified column/expression.
4 SUM() Returns the SUM of the values under the specified column/expression.
5 COUNT() Returns the COUNT of the number of values under the specified
column/expression.
Difference between count(*) and count(col_name)

When the argument is a column name or an expression based on a

column use : COUNT()

returns the number of non-NULL values in that column.

 If the argument is a *, then
COUNT(*) counts the total number of rows satisfying the condition, if any,
in the table.

GROUP BY

GROUP BY is always used in conjunction with some aggregate function(s).

A SELECT command with GROUP BY clause has a column name and one or
more aggregate functions which are applied on that column and grouping
is also done on this column only.

HAVING :
A condition on groups is applied by HAVING clause.
whenever a condition involves an aggregate function,
then we use HAVING clause in conjunction with GROUP
BY clause.

Displaying Data from Multiple Tables

But many times, it is required to produce reports
which need data from more than one tables.

Cartesian Product or Cross Join of tables :

Cartesian product (also called Cross Join) of

two tables is a table obtained by pairing up each
row of one table with each row of the other table.

The no of rows in the Cartesian product of two

tables is the product of the no of rows in both the tables.
The number of columns in the Cartesian product is the sum of the number
of columns in both the tables.

Cartesian product is obtained by giving the names

of both tables in FROM clause.
example of Cartesian product :

SELECT * FROM order_table, product;

Equi- Join of tables :
An equi join of two tables is obtained by putting an
equality condition on
the Cartesian product of two tables. This equality
condition is put on the common
column of the tables. This common column is,
generally, primary key of one table
and foreign key of the other.

Foreign Key :
It is a column of a table which is the primary key
of another table in the same database. It is used to
enforce referential integrity of the data.
Referential Integrity:
The property of a relational database which ensures
that no entry in a foreign key column of a table can be
made unless it matches a primary key value in the
corresponding column of the related table.
Union
Union is an operation of combining the output of two
SELECT statements. Union of two SELECT statements
can be performed only if their outputs contain
same number of columns and data types of
corresponding columns are also the same.
The syntax of UNION
SELECT <select_list>
FROM <tablename> [WHERE <condition> ]

UNION [ALL]
SELECT <select_list>
FROM <tablename>
[WHERE <condition> ];

Union does not display any duplicate rows unless

ALL is specified with it.
Constraints
These are the rules which are applied on the
columns of tables to ensure data integrity and
consistency Constraint

Primary key
Sets a column or a group of columns as the Primary Key of a table.
NULLs and Duplicate values in this column are not accepted.
1.A primary key can be set on one column or on a combination of more than one
columns
2.Primary key column can be removed only if the remaining, primary key columns, if
any, do not contain any duplicate entry.
3.A column intended to be a primary key must not have any duplicate entries.
Not NULL
Makes sure that NULLs are not accepted in the specified
column
The column specified as not NULL must have a value
It is not possible to add or drop NOT NULL constraint explicitly after the table
creation.
Can be done using modify clause of ALTER TABLE command
Foreign Key
Data will be accepted in this column, if same data value
exists in a column in another related table.
Ensures referential Integrity
If the data in the foreign key does not match entries in the primary key column
then no data is accepted here

PRIMARY KEY:

primary key of a table is a column or a group of

columns that uniquely identifies a row of the table.

ALTER TABLE:

ALTER TABLE command can be used to Add,

Remove, and Modify columns of a table. It can also be used to Add and Remove
constraints.
DROP TABLE:
 DROP TABLE command is used to delete tables.
DROP TABLE <tablename>;
Viewing Constraints
DESC Shoes;// describe shoes

Add, Modify, and Remove constraints :

******************************************************************************
SelECT * FROM MEMBER ORDER BY ISSUEDATE DESC;
(ii) SELECT DCODE, DTITLE FROM DVD WHERE DTYPE = "Folk";
(iii) SELECT DTYPE, COUNT (*) FROM DVD GROUP BY DTYPE;
(iv) SELECT NAME, ISSUEDATE FROM M

uestion 1:
Explain the concept UNION between two tables, with the help of appropriate example.
Delhi 2014
Answer:
The UNION operator is used to combine the result-set of two or more tables,
without returning any duplicate rows,
e.g.SELECT
EmpID as ID,
EmpName as Name
FROM Employee
UNION
SELECT
CustID as ID,
CustName as Name
FROM Customer

JOIN combines data horizontally, by adding a new set of rows adjacent to the
existing set. The horizontal new set of rows have same number of rows but
can have different number of columns.
For example: Employee & Department table, to list employees from all
Departments you need a JOIN, like:

SELECT
D.DeptID,
D.DeptName,
E.EmployeeID,
E.EmployeeName,
E.DOB,
E.Gender,
E.DOJ
FROM Department D
JOIN Employee E
ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID

Inner Join:
(that contains an INNER JOIN),
selects records that have matching values in both tables:
SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderDate
FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID=Customers.CustomerID;

(INNER) JOIN: Returns records that have matching values in both tables
LEFT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the left table,
and the matched records from the right table.
The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all records from the left table (Customers),
even if there are no matches in the right table (Orders).
RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the right table, and the
matched records from the left table
FULL (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records when there is a match in either left or
right table
6 Marks Questions
Question 2:
Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii),
which are
based on the tables.
Structured Query Language-1
(i) To display all details from the table MEMBER in descending order of ISSUEDATE.
(ii) To display the DCODE and DTITLE of all Folk Type DVDs from the table DVD.
(iii) To display the DTYPE and number of DVDs in each DTYPE from the table DVD.
(iv) To display all NAME and ISSUEDATE of those members from the table
MEMBER who have DVDs issued
(i.e., ISSUEDATE) in the year 2017.

(v) SELECT MIN (ISSUEDATE) FROM MEMBER;

(vi) SELECT DISTINCT DTYPE FROM DVD;
(vii) SELECT D.DCODE, NAME, DTITLE '
FROM DVD D, MEMBER M WHERE D.DC0DE=M.DCODE;
(viii) SELECT DTITLE FROM DVD
WHERE DTYPE NOT IN ("Folk�, "Classical�);
Answer:

(i) SELECT * FROM MEMBER ORDER BY ISSUEDATE DESC;

(ii) SELECT DCODE, DTITLE FROM DVD WHERE DTYPE = "Folk";
(iii) SELECT DTYPE, COUNT (*) FROM DVD GROUP BY DTYPE;
(iv) SELECT NAME, ISSUEDATE FROM MEMBER WHERE ISSUEDATE LIKE �2017%�;

Question 3:
Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii),
which are based on the tables.

NOTE

� KM is Kilometres travelled
� NOP is number of passengers travelled in vehicle.

(i) To display CNO, CNAME, TRAVELDATE from the table TRAVEL in descending order of
CNO.
(ii) To display the CNAME of all the customers from the table TRAVEL who are
traveling by vehicle with code V01 or V02.
(iii) To display the CNO and CNAME of those customers from the table TRAVEL who
travelled between �2015-12-31� and �2015-05-01�.
(iv) To display all the details from table TRAVEL for the customers, who have
travel distance more than 120 KM in ascending order of NOP.

(v) SELECT COUNT(*), VCODE FROM TRAVEL

GROUP BY VCODE HAVING C0UNT(*)>1;
(vi) SELECT DISTINCT VCODE FROM TRAVEL;
(vii) SELECT VCODE,CNAME,VEHICLETYPE
FROM TRAVEL A, VEHICLE B
WHERE A.VC0DE=B.VCODE AND KM<90;
(viii) SELECT CNAME, KM*PERKM
FROM TRAVEL A, VEHICLE B
WHERE A.VC0DE=B.VCODE AND A.VC0DE='V05';
Answer:

(i) SELECT CNO, CNAME, TRAVELDATE FROM TRAVEL ORDER BY CNO DESC;
(ii) SELECT CNAME FROM TRAVEL WHERE VCODE = "VO1" OR VC0DE="VO2";
(iii) SELECT CNO, CNAME FROM TRAVEL WHERE TRAVELDATE BETWEEN '2015-12-31' AND
�2015-05-01 �;
(iv) SELECT * FROM TRAVEL WHERE KM>120 ORDER BY NOP

Question 4:
Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii),
which are based on the tables. Delhi 2016 Important Questions for Class 12 Computer
Science (C++) - Structured Query Language-3
NOTE
� PERKM is Freight Charges per kilometre � VTYPE is Vehicle Type
uestion 4:
Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii),
which are based on the tables. Delhi 2016 Important Questions for Class 12 Computer
Science (C++) - Structured Query Language-3
NOTE
� PERKM is Freight Charges per kilometre � VTYPE is Vehicle Type

NOTE
� NO is Traveller Number
� KM is Kilometre travelled
� NOP is number of travellers travelled in vehicle
� TDATE is Travel Date

(i) To display NO, NAME, TDATE from the table TRAVEL in descending order of NO.
(ii) To display the NAME of all the travellers from the table TRAVEL who are
travelling by vehicle with code 101 or 102. �
(iii) To display the NO and NAME of those travellers from the table TRAVEL who
travelled between �2015-12-31� and �2015-04-01�.
(iv) To display all the details from table TRAVEL for the travellers, who have
travelled distance more than 100 KM in ascending order of NOP.

(v) SELECT COUNT(*), CODE FROM TRAVEL

GROUP BY CODE HAVING C0UNT(*) >1;
(vi) SELECT DISTINCT CODE FROM TRAVEL;
(vii) SELECT CODE,NAME,VTYPE
FROM TRAVEL A, VEHICLE B
WHERE A.C0DE=B.C0DE AND KM<90;
(viii) SELECT NAME,KM*PERKM
FROM TRAVEL A, VEHICLE B
WHERE A.C0DE=B.C0DE AND A.C0DE='105' ;
Answer:

(i) SELECT NO, NAME, TDATE FROM TRAVEL ORDER BY NO DESC;

(ii) SELECT NAME FROM TRAVEL WHERE CODE = 101 OR CODE = 102;
(iii) SELECT NO. NAME FROM TRAVEL WHERE TDATE BETWEEN '2015-12-31' AND '2015-04-01'
;
(iv) SELECT * FROM TRAVEL WHERE KM > 100 ORDER BY NOP;
Question 5:
Consider the following DEPT and WORKER tables.
Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii):
Delhi 2015 Important Questions for Class 12 Computer Science (C++) - Structured
Query Language-5

NOTE
DOJ refers to Date of Joining and DOB refers to Date of Birth of workers.
(i) To display WNO, NAME,, GENDER from the table WORKER in descending order of WNO.
(ii) To display the NAME of all the FEMALE workers from the table WORKER.
(iii) To display the WNO and NAME of those workers from the table WORKER, who are
born between �1987-01-01� and �1991-12-01�.
(iv) To count and display MALE workers who have joined after �1986-01-01�.

(v) SELECT COUNT(*), DCODE FROM WORKER

GROUP BY DCODE HAVING C0UNT(*)>1;
(vi) SELECT DISTINCT DEPARTMENT FROM DEPT;
(vii) SELECT NAME, DEPARTMENT, CITY FROM WORKER W, DEPT D
WHERE W.DC0DE=D.DCODE AND WNO<1003;
(viii) SELECT MAX (DOJ), MIN(DOB) FROM WORKER;
Answer:

(i) SELECT WNO, NAME, GENDER FROM WORKER ORDER BY WNO DESC;
(ii) SELECT NAME FROM WORKER WHERE GENDER = "FEMALE";
(iii) SELECT WNO, NAME FROM WORKER WHERE DOB BETWEEN '1987-01-01' AND '1991-12-01';

(iv) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM WORKER WHERE GENDER = "MALE" AND DOJ > '1986-01-01';

Question 6: Consider the following DEPT and EMPLOYEE tables.

Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii).

NOTE DOJ refers to Date of Joining and DOB refers to Date of Birth of employees.
(i) To display ENO, NAME, GENDER from the table EMPLOYEE in ascending order of ENO.
(ii) To display the NAME of all the MALE employees from the table EMPLOYEE.
(iii) To display the ENO and NAME of those employees from the table EMPLOYEE who
are born between �1987-01-01� and �1991-12-01�.
(iv) To count and display FEMALE employees who have joined after �1986-01-01�.

(v) SELECT COUNT (*), DC0DE FROM EMPLOYEE

GROUP BY DCODE HAVING C0UNT(*)>1;
(vi) SELECT DISTINCT DEPARTMENT FROM DEPT;
(vii) SELECT NAME, DEPARTMENT FROM EMPLOYEE E.DEPT D
WHERE E.DCODE = D.DCODE AND ENO<1003;
(viii) SELECT MAX(DOJ),MIN(DOB)FROM EMPLOYEE;
Answer:

(i) SELECT ENO, NAME, GENDER FROM EMPLOYEE ORDER BY ENO;

(ii) SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE GENDER = 'MALE';
(iii) SELECT ENO, NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DOB BETWEEN '1987-01-01' AND '1991-12-
01';
(iv) SELECT COUNT!*) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE GENDER = 'FEMALE' AND DOJ >'1986-01-01' ;
Important Questions for Class 12 Computer Science (C++) - Structured Query
Language-A9

Question 7:
Consider the following tables SCHOOL and ADMIN and answer (a) and (b) parts of
this question :
(a) Write SQL statements for the following:
(i) To display TEACHERNAME, PERIODS of all teachers whose periods are more than 25.
(ii) To display all the information from the table SCHOOL in descending order of
experience.
(iii) To display DESIGNATION without duplicate entries from the table ADMIN.
(iv) To display TEACHERNAME, CODE and corresponding DESIGNATION from tables SCHOOL
and ADMIN of Male teachers.
(b) Give the output of the following SQL queries :

(i) SELECT DESIGNATION, COUNT (*) FROM ADMIN GROUP BY DESIGNATION HAVING COUNT
(*)<2;
(ii) SELECT MAX (EXPERIENCE) FROM SCHOOL;
(iii) SELECT TEACHERNAME FROM SCHOOL WHERE EXPERIENCE > 12 ORDER BY TEACHERNAME;
(iv) SELECT COUNT (*), GENDER FROM ADMIN GROUP BY GENDER;
Answer:

(a) (i) SELECT TEACHERNAME, PERIODS

FROM SCHOOL WHERE PERI0DS>25;
(ii) SELECT *FROM SCHOOL ORDER BY EXPERIENCE DESC;
(iii) SELECT DISTINCT DESIGNATION FROM ADMIN;
(iv) SELECT TEACHERNAME, CODE, DESIGNATION FROM SCHOOL S,
ADMIN A WHERE S.CODE = A.CODE AND GENDER = "MALE";

Question 8:
Answer the questions (a) and (b) on the basis of the following tables STORE and
ITEM. Delhi 2014

Important Questions for Class 12 Computer Science (C++) - Structured Query

Language-9

(a) Write the SQL queries

(i) to (iv): (i) To display IName and Price of all the Items in ascending order of
their Price.
(ii) To display SNo and SName of all Store located in CP.
(iii) To display Minimum and Maximum Price of each IName from the table ITEM.
(iv) To display IName, Price of all items and their respective SName where they are
available.
(b) Write the output of the following SQL commands (i) to (iv):

(i) SELECT DISTINCT IName FROM ITEM

WHERE Price >=5000;
(ii) SELECT Area, COUNT(*)
FROM STORE GROUP BY Area;
(iii) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Area) FROM STORE;
(iv) SELECT IName, Price * 0.05 DISCOUNT FROM ITEM
WHERE SNo IN (S02, S03);
Answer:

(a)(i) SELECT IName, Price FROM ITEM ORDER BY Price;

(ii) SELECT SNo, SName FROM STORE WHERE Area = 'CP�;
(iii) SELECT IName, MIN(Price)"Minimum Price", MAX(Price)"Maximum Price" FROM ITEM
GROUP BY IName;
(iv) SELECT IName, Price, SName FROM ITEM I, STORE S WHERE I.SNo = S.SNo;

Question 9:
Answer the questions (a) and (b) on the basis of the following tables
SHOPPE and ACCESSORIES.
(a) Write the SQL queries:
(i) To display Name and Price of all the accessories in ascending order of their
Price.
(ii) To display Id and SName of all Shoppe located in Nehru Place.
(iii) To display Minimum and Maximum Price of each Name of accessories.
(iv) To display Name, Price of all accessories and their respective SName where
they are available.
(b) Write the output of the following SQL commands:

(i) SELECT DISTINCT Name FROM ACCESSORIES WHERE Price>=5000;

(ii) SELECT Area, C0UNT(*) FROM SHOPPE GROUP BY Area;
(iii) SELECT C0UNT(DISTINCT Area) FROM SHOPPE:
(iv) SELECT Name, Price*0.05 DISCOUNT FROM ACCESSORIES WHERE SNo IN (S02.S03);
Answer:

(a)(i) SELECT Name, Price FROM ACCESSORIES ORDER BY Price ASC;

(ii) SELECT ID, SName FROM SHOPPE WHERE Area = �Nehru Place�;
(iii) SELECT MIN(Price)�Minimum Price�, MAX(Price)�Maximum Price�, Name FROM
ACCESSORIES GROUP BY Name;
(iv) The query for this statement cannot be done because relation column, i.e.
foreign key is not present. I
Question 10:
Write SQL queries for (a) to (f) and write the outputs for the SQL queries
mentioned shown in (i) to (iv) parts on the basis of tables PRODUCTS and SUPPLIERS.

(a) To display the details of all the
(i.e. PNAME).
(b) To display product name and price
range of 10000 and 15000 (both values
(c) To display the number of products
expected output should be
products in ascending order of product names
of all those products, whose price is in the
inclusive).
which are supplied by each supplier, i.e. the

501 2
502 2
503 1
(d) To display the price, product name (i.e. PNAME) and quantity (i.e. QTY) of
those products which have quantity more than 100.
(e) To display the names of those suppliers, who are either from DELHI or from
CHENNAI.
(f) To display the name of the companies and the name of the products in descending
order of company names.
(g) Obtain the outputs of the following SQL queries based on the data given in
tables PRODUCTS and SUPPLIERS:

(i) SELECT DISTINCT SUPCODE FROM PRODUCTS:

(ii) SELECT MAX(PRICE), MIN(PRICE) FROM PRODUCTS;
(iii) SELECT PRICE * QTY AMOUNT FROM PRODUCTS WHERE PID = 104;
(iv) SELECT PNAME, SNAME FROM PRODUCTS P, SUPPLIERS S
WHERE P.SUPCODE - S.SUPCODE AND QTY>100;
Answer:

(a) SELECT * FROM PRODUCTS ORDER BY PNAME;

(b) SELECT PNAME, PRICE FROM PRODUCTS WHERE PRICE BETWEEN 10000 AND 15000;
(c) SELECT SUPCODE, COUNT(*) FROM PRODUCTS GROUP BY SUPCODE;
(d) SELECT PRICE, PNAME, QTY FROM PRODUCTS WHERE QTY > 100;
(e) SELECT SNAME FROM SUPPLIERS WHERE CITY = 'DELHI' OR CITY = 'CHENNAI' ;
(f) SELECT COMPANY, PNAME FROM PRODUCTS ORDER BY COMPANY DESC;
Question 11:
Write SQL queries for (a) to (f) and write the outputs for the SQL queries
mentioned shown in (i) to (iv) parts on the basis of tables ITEMS and TRADERS.
(a) To display the details of all the items in ascending order of item names (i.e.
INAME).
(b) To display item name and price of all those items, whose price is in the range
of 10000 and 22000 (both values inclusive). (c) To display the number of items,
which are traded by each trader. The expected output of this query should be

T01 2
T02 2
T03 1
(d) To display the price, item name (i.e. INAME) and quantity (i.e. QTY) of those
items which have quantity more than 150.
(e) To display the names of those traders, who are either from DELHI or from
MUMBAI.
(f) To display the name of the companies and the name of the items in descending
order of company names.
(g) Obtain the outputs of the following SQL queries based on the data given in
tables ITEMS and TRADERS:

(i) SELECT MAX (PRICE), MIN( PRICE) FROM ITEMS;

(ii) SELECT PRICE * QTY AMOUNT FROM ITEMS WHERE CODE = 1004;
(iii) SELECT DISTINCT TCODE FROM ITEMS;
(iv) SELECT INAME, TNAME FROM ITEMS I, TRADERS T
WHERE I.TCODE = T.TCODE AND QTY<100;
Answer:

(a) SELECT * FROM ITEMS ORDER BY INAME;

(b) SELECT INAME, PRICE FROM ITEMS WHERE PRICE BETWEEN 10000 AND 22000;
(c) SELECT TCODE, COUNT(*) FROM ITEMS GROUP BY TCODE;
(d) SELECT PRICE, INAME, QTY FROM ITEMS WHERE QTY >150;
(e) SELECT TNAME FROM TRADERS WHERE CITY
= �MUMBAI� OR CITY= 'DELHI' ; (f) SELECT COMPANY, INAME

Question 12:
Write SQL queries for (a) to (f) and write the outputs for the SQL queries
mentioned shown in (i) to (iv) parts on the basis of tables APPLICANTS and COURSES.

(a) To display name, fee, gender, joinyear about the applicants, who have joined
before 2010.
(b) To display the names of applicants, who are paying fee more than 30000.
(c) To display names of all applicants in ascending order of their joinyear.
(d) To display the year and the total number of applicants joined in each YEARfrom
the table APPLICANTS.
(e) To display the CJD (i.e. Course ID) and the number of applicants registered in
the course from the APPLICANTS table.
(f) To display the applicant�s name with their respective course�s name from the
tables APPLICANTS and COURSES.
(g) Give the output of following SQL statements:

(i) SELECT NAME, JO I NY EAR FROM APPLICANTS WHERE GENDER-'F� and C_ID=�A02';
(ii) SELECT MINIJOINYEAR) FROM APPLICANTS WHERE Gender='M';
(iii) SELECT AVG (FEE) FROM APPLICANTS WHERE C_ID='A01� OR C_ID='A05�;
(iv) SELECT SUM(FEE), C_ID FROM APPLICATIONS GROUP BY C_ID HAVING C0UNT(*)=2;
Answer:
(a) SELECT NAME, FEE, GENDER, JOINYEAR FROM APPLICANTS WHERE J0INYEAR<2010;
(b) SELECT NAME FROM APPLICANTS WHERE FEE >30000;
(c) SELECT NAME FROM APPLICANTS ORDER BY JOINYEAR;
(d) SELECT JOINYEAR, COUNT(*) FROM APPLICANTS GROUP BY JOINYEAR;
(e) SELECT C_ID, COUNT(*) FROM APPLICANTS ORDER BY C_ID;
(f) SELECT NAME, COURSE FROM APPLICANTS, COURSES WHERE
APPLICANTS.C_ID=COURSES.C_ID;

Question 13:
Consider the following tables CABHUB and CUSTOMER and answer (a) and (b) parts of
this question:

(a) Write SQL commands for the following statements:

(i) To display the names of all the white colored vehicles.
(ii) To display name of vehicle, make and capacity of vehicles in ascending order
of their setting Capacity.
(iii) To display the highest charges at which a vehicle can be hired from CABHUB.
(iv) To display the customer names and the corresponding name of the vehicle hired
by them.
(b) Give the output of the following SQL queries :

(i) SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT Make) FROM CABHUB;

(ii) SELECT MAX(Charges), MIN (Charges) FROM CABHUB;
(iii) SELECT COUNT(*), Make FROM CABHUB;
(iv) SELECT VehicleName FROM CABHUB WHERE Capacity = 4;
Answer:

(a) (i) SELECT VehicleName

FROM CABHUB
WHERE Color = 'WHITE';
(ii) SELECT VehicleName, Make,
Capacity FROM CABHUB
ORDER BY Capacity;
(iii) SELECT MAX(Charges)
FROM CABHUB;
(iv) SELECT CName, VehicleName
FROM CABHUB C1, CUSTOMER
C2 WHERE C1.Vcode = C2.Vcode;
Important Questions for Class 12 Computer Science (C++) - Structured Query
Language-A18
(iii) This query will execute but COUNT (*) will give result one row and Make will
give more than one row so both are not compatible together. But on removing Make
from select clause it will give following result.

Question 14:
Consider the following tables CUSTOMER and ONLINESHOP.
Write SQL commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries
(v) to (viii).

(i) To display cname, area of fill female customers from CUSTOMER table.
(ii) To display the details of all the customers in ascending order of CNAME within
SID.
(iii) To display the total number of customers for each area from CUSTOMER table.
(iv) To display cname and corresponding shop from CUSTOMER table and ONLINESHOP
table.
(v) SELECT COUNT(DATE), GENDER FROM CUSTOMER GROUP BY GENDER;
(vi) SELECT C0UNT(*) FROM ONLINESHOP;
(vii) SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMER WHERE CNAME LIKE "L%";
(viii) SELECT DISTINCT AREA FROM CUSTOMER;
Answer:

(i) SELECT CNAME, AREA FROM CUSTOMER WHERE GENDER = 'FEMALE';

(ii) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER ORDER BY SID, CNAME;
(iii) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CUSTOMER GROUP BY AREA;
(iv) SELECT CNAME, SHOP FROM CUSTOMER C, ONLINESHOP O WHERE C.SID = O.SID;

Question 15:
Consider the following tables CARDEN and CUSTOMER and answer (a) and (b) parts of
this question:
(a) Write SQL commands for the following statements:
(i) To display the name of all the SILVER colored cars.
(ii) To display name of car, make and capacity of cars in descending order of their
sitting capacity.
(iii) To display the highest Charges at which a vehicle can be hired from CARDEN.
(iv) To display the customer names and the corresponding name of the cars hired by
them,
(b) Give the output of the following SQL queries:

(i) SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT Make) FROM CARDEN:

(ii) SELECT MAX(Charges), MIN (Charges) FROM CARDEN;
(iii) SELECT C0UNT(*), Make FROM CARDEN;
(iv) SELECT CarName FROM CARDEN WHERE Capacity = 4;
Answer:

(a) (i) SELECT CarName FROM CARDEN WHERE Color = �SILVER�;

(ii) SELECT CarName, Make, Capacity FROM CARDEN ORDER BY Capacity DESC;
(iii) SELECT MAX(Charges) FROM CARDEN;
(iv) SELECT Cname, CarName FROM CARDEN C1, CUSTOMER C2 WHERE C1.Ccode = C2.Ccode:

Question 16:
Consider the following tables EMPLOYEE and SALGRADE and answer (a) and (b) parts of
this question:
(a) Write SQL commands for the following statements:
(i) To display the details of all the EMPLOYEE in descending order of DOJ.
(ii) To display name and desig of those EMPLOYEE, whose sgrade is either S02 or
S03.
(iii) To display the content of all the EMPLOYEE table, whose DOJ is in between
�09-FEB-2006� and �08-AUG-2009�.
(iv) To add a new row in the EMPLOYEE table with the following data: 109, �Harish
Roy�, �HEAD-IT, �S02�, �09-SEP-2007�, �21-APR-1983�.
(b) Give the output of the following SQL queries:

(i) SELECT C0UNT(SGRADE), SGRADE FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY SGRADE;

(ii) SELECT MIN (DOB), MAX (DOJ) FROM EMPLOYEE;
(iii) SELECT NAME, SALARY FROM EMPLOYEE E, SALGRADE S
WHERE E.SGRADE = S.SGRADE AND E.EC0DE<103;
(iv) SELECT SGRADE, SALARY+HRA FROM SALGRADE WHERE SGRADE = �S02';
Answer:

(a) (i) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE ORDER BY DOJ DESC;

(ii) SELECT. NAME, DESIG FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SGRADE='SO2' OR SGRADE ='SO3�;
(iii) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DOJ BETWEEN '09-FEB-2006� AND '08-AUG-2009';
(iv) INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES
(109, 'HarishRoy', 'HEAD-IT', � SO2', '09-SEP-2007', '21-APR-1983');
Question 17:
Consider the following tables WORKER and PAYLEVEL and answer (a) and (b) parts of
this
(a) Write SQL commands for the following statements:
(i) To display the details of all WORKER in descending order of DOB.
(ii) To display name and desig of those WORKER, whose plevel is either P001 or
P002.
(iii) To display the content of all the WORKER table, whose DOB is in between �19-
JAN-1984� and T8-JAN-1987�.
(iv) To add a new row with the following: 19, �Daya Kishore�, �Operator�, �P003�,
�19-JUN-2008�, �11-JUL-1984�.
(b) Give the output of the following SQL queries:

(i) SELECT COUNTCPLEVEL(). PLEVEL FROM WORKER GROUP BY PLEVEL:

(ii) SELECT MAX (DOB), MIN(DOJ) FROM WORKER;
(iii) SELECT NAME, PAY FROM WORKER W, PAYLEVEL P
WHERE W.PLEVEL= P.PLEVEL AND W.EC0DE<13;
(iv) SELECT PLEVEL, PAY+ALLOWANCE FROM PAYLEVEL WHERE PLEVEL = �POO3�:
Answer:

(a) (i) SELECT *

FROM WORKER
ORDER BY DOB DESC;
(ii) SELECT NAME, DESIG
FROM WORKER
WHERE PLEVEL = 'Poo1'
OR PLEVEL = *Poo2';
(iii) SELECT *
FROM WORKER
WHERE DOB BETWEEN � 19-JAN-1984'
AND '18-JAN-1987';
(iv) INSERT INTO WORKER VALUES (19, FR0M ST0CK GR0UP BY Dcode:
'Daya Ki shore', 'Operator', 'P003'
(b) (i) COUNT (DISTINCT Dcode) '19:JUN-2008', '11-JUL-1984');

Question 18:
Consider the following tables STORE and SUPPLIERS and answer (a) and (b) parts of
this question: Delhi 2010

(a) Write SQL commands for the following statements:

(i) To display details of sill the items in the STORE table in ascending order of
LastBuy.
(ii) To display ItemNo and Item of those items from STORE table whose Rate is more
than Rs. 15.
(iii) To display the details of those items whose supplier code (Scode) is 22 or
quantity in store (Qty) is more than 110 from the table STORE.
(iv) To display minimum Rate of items for each supplier individually as per Scode
from the table STORE.
(b) Give the output of the following SQL queries:

(i) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Scode) FROM STORE;

(ii) SELECT Rate * Qty FROM STORE WHERE ItemNo = 2004;
(iii) SELECT Item, Sname FROM STORE S, SUPPLIERS P
WHERE S.Scode = P.Scode AND ItemNo = 2006;
(iv) SELECT MAX(LastBuy) FROM STORE;
Answer:
(a) (i) SELECT *
FROM STORE ORDER BY LastBuy;
(ii) SELECT ItemNo, Item
FROM STORE WHERE Rate>15;
(iii) SELECT * FROM STORE
WHERE Scode = 22 OR Qty>110;
(iv) SELECT MIN (Rate) FROM STORE GROUP BY Scode;

Question 19:
Consider the following tables STOCK and DEALERS and answer (a) and (b) parts of
this question: All India 2010

(a) Write SQL commands for the following statements:

(i) To display details of all the items in the STOCK table in ascending order of
StockDate.
(ii) To display ItemNo and ItemName of those items from STOCK table whose UnitPrice
is more than Rs. 10.
(iii) To display the details of those items whose dealer code (Dcode) is 102 or
quantity in stock (Qty) is more than 100 from the table STOCK.
(iv) To display maximum UnitPrice of items for each dealer individually as per
Dcode from the table STOCK.
(b) Give the output of the following SQL queries:

(i) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Dcode) FROM STOCK;

(ii) SELECT Qty * UnitPrice FROM STOCK WHERE ItemNo = 5006;
(iii) SELECT ItemName. Dname FROM STOCK S, DEALERS D
WHERE S.Dcode = D.Dcode AND ItemNo = 5004;
(iv) SELECT MIN(StockDate) FROM STOCK;
Answer:

(a)(i) SELECT *
FROM STOCK ORDER BY StockDate;
(ii) SELECT ItemNo, ItemName
FROM STOCK WHERE UnitPrice>10;
(iii) SELECT * FROM STOCK
Where Dcode = 102 OR Qty>100
(iv) SELECT MAX (UNITEPRICE) FROM ST0CK GROUP BY Dcode

Question 20:
Consider the following tables GARMENT and FABRIC.
Write SQL commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries
(v) to (viii).

(i) To display GCODE and DESCRIPTION of each GARMENT in descending order of GCODE.
(ii) To display the details of all the GARMENT, which have READYDATE in between 08-
DEC-07 and 16-JUN-08 (inclusive of both the dates).
(iii) To display the average PRICE of all the GARMENT, which are made up of fabric
with FCODE as F03.
(iv) To display fabric wise highest and lowest price of GARMENT from GARMENT table.
(Display FCODE of each GARMENT alongwith highest and lowest Price).

(v) SELECT SUM(PRICE) FROM GARMENT WHERE FCODE = 'FO1'; . .

(vi) SELECT DESCRIPTION, TYPE FROM GARMENT, FABRIC
WHERE GARMENT.FCODE = FABRIC.FCODE AND GARMENT.PRICE >=1260;
(vii) SELECT MAX(FCODE) FROM FABRIC;
(viii) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT PRICE) FROM GARMENT;
Answer:

(i) SELECT GCODE, DESCRIPTION FROM GARMENT ORDER BY GCODE DESC;

(ii) SELECT * FROM GARMENT WHERE READYDATE BETWEEN '08-DEC-07' AND '16-JUN-08' ; '
(iii) SELECT AVG(PRICE) FROM GARMENT WHERE FCODE = �F03�;
(iv) SELECT FCODE, MAX(PRICE), MIN(PRICE) FROM GARMENT GROUP BY FCODE;

Question 21:
Consider the following tables DRESS and MATERIAL.
Write SQL commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries
(v) to (viii). All India 2009
Important Questions for Class 12 Computer Science (C++) - Structured Query
Language-25
(i) To display DCODE and DESCRIPTION of each dress in ascending order of DCODE.
(ii) To display the details of all the dresses which have LAUNCHDATE in between 05-
DEC-07 and 20- JUN-08 (inclusive of both the dates).
(iii) To display the average PRICE of all the dresses which are made up of material
with MCODE as M003.
(iv) To display materialwise highest and lowest price of dresses from DRESS table,
(display MCODE of each dress alongwith highest and lowest price).

(v) SELECT SUM(PRICE) FROM DRESS WHERE MCODE = *M001';

(vi) SELECT DESCRIPTION, TYPE FROM DRESS, MATERIAL
WHERE DRESS.DCODE = MATERIAL.MCODE AND DRESS.PRICE >= 1250;
(vii) SELECT MAX (MCODE) FROM MATERIAL;
(viii) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT PRICE) FROM DRESS;
Answer:

(i) SELECT DCODE, DESCRIPTION FROM DRESS ORDER BY DCODE;

(ii) SELECT * FROM DRESS WHERE LAUNCHDATE BETWEEN '05 - DEC - 07' AND �20-JUN-08�;
(iii) SELECT AVG(PRICE) FROM DRESS WHERE MCODE ='M003�;
(iv) SELECT MCODE. MAX(PRICE), MIN(PRICE) FROM DRESS GROUP BY MCODE;

Question 22: Consider the following tables STUDENT and STREAM.

Write SQL commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries
(v) to (viii).
(i) To display the name of streams in alphabetical order from table STREAM.
(ii) To display the number of students whose POINTS are more than 5.
(iii) To update GRADE to �A� for all those students who are getting more than 8 as
POINTS.
(iv) ARTS+MATHS stream is no more available. Make necessary change in table
fjTREAM.

(v) SELECT SUM(POINTS) FROM STUDENT WHERE AGE >14; .

(vi) SELECT STRCDE, MAX(POINTS) FROM STUDENT
GROUP BY STRCDE HAVING SCODE BETWEEN 105 AND 130;
(vii) SELECT AVG(AGE) FROM STUDENT WHERE SCODE IN (102,105, 110, 120);
(viii) SELECT COUNT(STRNAME) FROM STREAM WHERE STRNAME LIKE "SCI%";
Answer:

(i) SELECT STRNAME

FROM STEAM
ORDER BY STRNAME;
(ii) SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM STUDENT
WHERE P0INTS>5;
(iii) UPDATE STUDENT
SET GRADE = 'A'
WHERE P0INTS>8;
(iv) DELETE FROM STREAM WHERE STRNAME = "ARTS + MATHS";
*********************************************************
***********************************************************

5.b) Consider the following tables Item and Customer. Write SQL commands for the
statement (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii)

Table: ITEM

C_ID ItemName Manufacturer Price

PC01 Personal Computer ABC 35000
LC05 Laptop ABC 55000
PC03 Personal Computer XYZ 32000
PC06 Personal Computer COMP 37000
LC03 Laptop PQR 57000
Table: CUSTOMER

C_ID CustomerName City P_ID

01 N.Roy Delhi LC03
06 H.Singh Mumbai PC03
12 R.Pandey Delhi PC06
15 C.Sharma Delhi LC03
16 K.Agarwalh Banglore PC01
(i) To display the details of those Customers whose city is Delhi.Ans: Select all
from Customer Where City=�Delhi�

(ii) To display the details of Item whose Price is in the range of 35000 to 55000
(Both values included).
Ans: Select all from Item Where Price>=35000 and Price <=55000
(iii) To display the CustomerName, City from table Customer, and ItemName and Price
from table Item, with their corresponding matching I_ID.
Ans: Select CustomerName,City,ItemName, Price from Item,Customer where
Item.I_ID=Customer.I_ID.
(iv) To increase the Price of all Items by 1000 in the table Item.
Ans: Update Item set Price=Price+1000
(v) SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Customer.
Ans: City
Delhi
Mumbai
Bangalore
(vi) SELECT ItemName, MAX(Price), Count(*) FROM Item GROUP BY ItemName;
Ans:

ItemName Max(Price) Count(*)

Personal Computer 37000 3
Laptop 57000 2
(vii) SELECT CustomerName, Manufacturer FROM Item, Customer WHERE
Item.Item_Id=Customer.Item_Id;
Ans:

CustomerName Manufacturer Name

N.Roy PQR
H.Singh XYZ
R.Pandey COMP
C.Sharma PQR
K.Agarwal ABC
(viii) SELECT ItemName, Price * 100 FROM Item WHERE Manufacturer = �ABC�;
Ans:

ItemName Price*100
Personal Computer 3500000
Laptop 5500000
**********************************************
Consider the following tables Consignor and Consignee. Write SQL command for the
statements(i)to(iv) And give outputs for the SQL quries (v) to ( viii). 6
TABLE : CONSIGNOR

CnorID CnorName CnorAddress City

ND01 R singhal 24,ABC Enclave New Delhi
ND02 AmitKumar 123,Palm Avenue New Delhi
MU15 R Kohil 5/A,South,Street Mumbai
MU50 S Kaur 7-K,Westend Mumbai
TABLE : CONSIGNEE

CneeID CnorID CneeName CneeAddress CneeCity

MU05 ND01 RahulKishore 5,Park Avenue Mumbai
ND08 ND02 P Dhingr a 16/j,Moore Enclave New Delhi
KO19 MU15 A P Roy 2A,Central/ avenue Kolkata
MU32 ND0 2 S mittal P 245, AB Colony Mumbai
ND48 MU5 0 B P jain 13,Block d,a,viha New Delhi
(i) To display the names of all consignors from Mumbai.
Ans: Select CnorName from Consignor where city=�Mumbai�;
(ii) To display the cneeID, cnorName, cnorAddress, CneeName, CneeAddress for every
Consignee.
Ans: Select CneeId, CnorName, CnorAddress, CneeName, CneeAddress from
Consignor,Consignee where Consignor.CnorId=Consignee.CnorId;
(iii) To display the consignee details in ascending order of CneeName.
Ans: Select * from Consignee Orderby CneeName Asc;
(iv) To display number of consignors from each city.
Ans: Select city, count(*) from Consignors group by city;
(v) SELECT DISTINCT City FROM CONSIGNEE;

Ans:
CneeCity
Mumbai
New Delhi
Kolkata
(vi) SELECT A.CnorName A, B.CneeName B FROM Consignor A, Consignee B WHERE
A.CnorID=B.CnorID AND B.CneeCity=�Mumbai�;

(vii) SELECT CneeName,CneeAddress FROM Consignee WHERE CneeCity Not IN (�Mumbai�,

�Kolkata�);
Ans:

(viii) SELECT CneeID, CneeName FROM Consignee WHERE CnorID = �MU15� OR CnorID =
�ND01�;

senderCity
New Delhi
Mumbai
Ans: CneeID
CneeName
MU05
Rahul Kishore
KO19 A P Roy
 ***************************************
Consider the following tables. Write SQL command for the statements (i)to(iv)and
give outputs for the SQL quries (v) to (viii). 6
TABLE : SENDER

SenderID SenderName Sender Address Sender City

ND01 R jain 2,ABC Appts New Delhi
MU02 H sinha 12, Newton Mumbai
MU1 5 S haj 27/ A,Park Street New Delhi
ND5 0 T Prasad 122-K,SDA Mumbai
TABLE :RECIPIENT

RecID SenderID ReCName RecAddress ReCCity

KO05 ND01 RBajpayee 5,Central Avenue Kolkata
ND08 MU0 2 S Mahajan 116, A Vihar NewDelhi
MU19 ND01 H sing 2A,Andheri East Mumbai
MU32 MU1 5 PK Swamy B5, CS erminus Mumbai
ND48 ND50 S Tripathi 13, B1 D,Mayur Vihar NewDelhi
(i) To display the names of all senders from Mumbai.
Ans: Select * from Sender where SenderCity =�Mumbai�;
(ii) To display the recID, senderName, senderAddress, RecName, RecAddress for every
recipt.

Ans: Select recID, SenderName, SenderAddress, RecName, RecAddress from Sender,

Recipient where Sender.Senderid=Recipient.RenderId;
(iii) To display the sender details in ascending order of SenderName.
Ans: Select * from Sender order by SenderName;
(iv) To display number of Recipients from each city.
Ans: Select RecCity,Count(*) from Recipient group by RecCity;

CnorName

R singhal

Amit Kumar

CneeName

Rahul Kishore

S mittal

CneeName

CneeAddress

P Dhingra

16/j,Moore Enclave

B P jain

13,Block d,a,viha
(v) SELECT DISTINCT SenderCity FROM Sender;
Ans:

UPDATE ITEM SET PRICE=PRICE+1000;

City
Delhi
Mumbai
Banglore
(vi)
Ans.
(vii)
Ans.
(viii)
Ans.
SELECT ItemName, Max(Price), Count(*) FROM Item GROUP BY ItemName;
Name Max(Price) Count(*)
Laptop 58000 2
Personal
Computer
38000 3
SELECT CustomerName, Manufacturer From Item, Customer WHERE
Item.I_Id=Customer.I_Id;
Cname Manufacturer
N Roy PQR
H Singh XYZ
R Pandey COMP
C Sharma PQR
K Agarwal ABC
SELECT ItemName, Price * 100 FROM Item WHERE Manufacturer = �ABC�;
Name Price*100
Personal Computer 3600000
Laptop 5600000
3.
(i)
Ans.
(ii)