EXAM REVIEWER FOR CONTEMPORARY ARTS (1ST GRADING)
Contemporary - present, timely, recent
Art – expressing emotion through art
Contemporary Art – “art of the present”
Modern Art – started at Post War Republic
(1946-1969)
Neo Classic – traditional
- depicts reality as closely as possible and
idealize it
Subject Matter – represents your subject
ART MOVEMENT – shifting of style
Xyza Bacani – a Filipina , 52 y.o , Fujifilm
Ambassador , works at Hongkong as Domestic
Helper. (About / Migrant workers and human
right issues).
HR Ocampo - the painter of ‘’The Contrast”
produce in 1960
Victorio Edades – “The Father of the Modern
Philippine Art” (studied in America)
- brought modern art in the Philippines.
He is the first who broke the rule of art
 MONALISA RELEASED BY 1503-1505
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ART
INTEGRATIVE – integrate means ‘’ combine or
mixed ’’.
– medium (the materials that you use in the
artwork) *liquid materials*
- you can use any material and mixed different
art style.
PROCESS BASED – the artist starts not with the
final product but begins with the development
of a concept.
SITE SPECIFIC –
COLLABORATIVE – the artist can collaborate
about their knowledge in artwork.
INTERACTIVE – the audience can change or add
to the meaning of an artwork.
INSTALLATION ART – location and artwork (site
specific), content of the location that you can
interpret the art.
l. PRE CONQUEST
Historical Terms – we refer art before the
coming of the first colonizers as “pre conquest”
Stylistic Terms – we refer to it as ‘’indigenous’’
to emphasize the idea that our ancestors have
been making art even before colonization.
Cultural Terms – describe as a ‘’pre - colonial’’
as a term to use for the general way of life
before colonization.
FAQS
*The art of the Filipinos were woven into the
fabric of everyday life.
*Their art is about how they express their living
CREATIVE FORMS – pottery, weaving, carving,
metalwork and jewelry.
*The pre – colonial Filipino hunted food. They
imitated the movement and sounds of animals
and prey. In that activity it involves ritual,
music, dance, theater and literature.
MAYVANUVANUA – in Batanes
- a similar ritual known as CANAO or KANYAW
is found in CAR. Officiated by a shaman or
mumbaki (people).
CANAO – involves animal sacrifice, read
through a process of divination that is
performed either for healing, announce the
birth of child, coming of age, during wakes,
weddings, burial ceremonies.
KASHAWING – in Lake Lanao in Mindanao
- a Kashawing ritual to ensure the abundance
during rice planting. This ritual involves a
reenactment of the pact made by the ancestors
of the community and the unseen spirits that
inhabit the lake.
TAGBANWA – In Palawan
- believe that every 13th moon, three goddesses
descend from heaven to bless the planting of
rice.
ETHNIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS: pipes,
flutes, zithers, drums, string instruents
*KUDYAPI – a three string guitar
*KULINTANG – an array of bossed gongs
*GANSA or FLAT GONG
*BAMBOO PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
*AGONG – a large bossed gong.
PANGALAY – in Sulu
- mimetic the movement of seabirds *eg.
Mandayas kinabua, banog – banog of Higaonon
and the B’laan, (The man-manok of the bagobos
of Mindanao imitate the movements of
predatory birds.)
EXAM REVIEWER FOR CONTEMPORARY ARTS (1ST GRADING)
TALIP DANCE – of the ifugaos
- is used in courtship and is mimetic the
movement of wild fowls.
INAMONG - of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas
Dance of T’bolis
-represent the comedic movements of
monkeys.
TINIKLING – a popular Tagalog folk dance often
showcased for tourists. Evocative the
movement of the crane.
FAQS
*PEOPLE OF THE CORDILLERAS CARVE THE
BULUL
*The ANTHROMORPHIC BULUL also appears in
containers, bowls, and spoons.
– also known as HUMAN FORMS
HAGABI – produced by ifugaos
- a wooden bench that marks the socio
economic status of the owner.
*LAGUNA and PAMPANGA are known for
carving SANTOS or Sculptures of Saints.
*THE SOUTHERN PHIL. CUVILINEAR
DECORATIONS called the “okir” or “ukkil” are
employed in woodcarving.
– okir designs can also be found in the Panolong
in the sultans house is called the TOROGAN
*To grave markers are called SUNDUK
*Some ancient forms are made out of
TERRACOTTA
*The MANUNGGUL JAR, discovered at
Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan.
Neolithic Period (890-710 BC).
– it is a secondary burial vessel, where buried
and exhumed bones are placed. (a boatman is
paddling to transport his deceased charge,
whose journey through water is interpreted as a
metaphor of AFTERLIFE.
–another type of A/JARS was produced during
the Metal Age (5 BC-225AD). It was found in
Ayub Cave in Maitum, Saranggani province.
*Pottery that remain in use are the palayok for
cooking and containers such as the bangga and
tapayan for fermenting food.
*The Traditional Pagbuburnay in Vigan thrives
and valued in ilocos.
TEXTILE WEAVING – are not only functional,
they also impart knowledge about peoples
belief system, the reverence for spirits and
nature.
TRADITIONAL WEAVING – the fibers are
gathered from plants like cotton, abaca,
pineapple leaves while the pigments are
extracted from clay, roots, and leaves of plants.
A Backstrap loom or a Pedal loom is used to
weave designs that hold special meaning for a
particular cultural groups.
*EXAMPLE OF WOVEN TEXTILES include the pis
siyabit
*A headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu and
malong exquisite tapestry panels called
LANGKIT woven by the Maranao of Lanao del
Sur.
*Other Forms of Weaving include mat and
basket weaving
*The Colorful doubled layered tepo mat of the
Sama tawi-tawi made of pandan leaves is an
example of mundane.
OVALOID BASKETS – in ityabat, Batanes
- it is made of nito and bamboo are used as a
head sling to carry harvests.
BUBO – In Ilocos Region
- it is a bamboo strips are woven to create a fish
trap.
BOXER CODEX – in the 16th century, it is the
illustrated manuscript. Featured the
representations of various ethnolinguistic
groups.
TAGALOG COUPLE – was portrayed wearing
gold jewelry
VISAYANS – are shown fully covered tattoo
- visayans is referred as “Islas de los Pintados”.
TATTOOS were valued because it was believed
to protect the individual from evil spirits, and it
is also a badge of maturity and bravery.
JEWELRY is also believed to make the wearer
more attractive to the opposite sex .
THE T’BOLI are known to wear brass chains,
bells, and colorful beads.
METALWORKS such as lotoans or betel nut
boxes . it is made of brass or bronze produced
by Maranao of Lanao Del Sur.
EXAM REVIEWER FOR CONTEMPORARY ARTS (1ST GRADING)
LOST WAX or CIRE PERDUE – process which
involves the use of moulds filled with liquefied
metal that eventually hardens.
BRASS KENDI and GADUR – which are used in
ceremonies and are cherished as status symbols
or as heirloom piece.
KENDI – is a vessel used for pouring liquids. It
has a round body with no handle.
GADUR – is a container with a tapered top, a
round body, and a flared base.
II. ISLAMIC COLONIAL
III. SPANISH COLONIAL
LOWLAND CHRISTIANS – called to the
inhabitants in an island
*The art forms from that period are referred to
stylistically and culturally as religious art.
*The natives were relocate to plaza complex to
became a means of organizing and gaining
control.
*The complex was a town center and consisted
of municipio or local government office &
church.
*During this period, Cruciform Churches follow
the shape of the Latin Cross.
BAROQUE STYLE – It has drama, and elaborate
details that appealed to the emotions of the
artwork.
*The Façade of Mig-ao Church surrounded by
reliefs or relleves motifs like palm fronds and
papaya trees.
*The use of adobe, limestone, or brick reinforce
the church structure to make it more resistant
to earthquakes.
*The native and European elements refer to the
style as colonial baroque or tropical baroque.
*During the 17th century, chinese artisans make
icons or saints or (santos) made of wood and
ivory.
*The painting of Nuestra Senora del Rosario in
Bohol – the image was inspired from kuanyin,
the Deity of mercy in East Asian Buddhism.
*The Greek and Roman classical can be seen as
formality of expression
*The Baroque Style is in expressive and
emotional characteristics of the Santo.
RETABLO – It is a decorative altar niche were
the Santos are displayed. (colonial churches)
VIA CRUSIS – is important in colonial churches
which are presented as a series of 14 paintings
or relief sculptures depicting Christ crucifixion
and resurrection.
TROMP l’oeil (seen at Taal Basilica in Batangas)
- French for “Fooling the eye”
- It refers to paintings that give a heightened
illusion of three dimensionality.
RELLEVES – It is the carved figurative
protrusions on the surface of church altar
decoration. Or with organic design of
hammered silver or plateria.
PLATERIA TECHNIQUE – Applied in the body of
carroza, where the santos are paraded during
town processions.
*The Spaniards brought western musical ins.
Like the pipe organ, violin, guitar, and piano.
*Phil. Musical forms took a European flavor
with new rhythms, melodies & musical forms.
*Catholic Liturgical music was introduced in
1742.
PASYON or PABASA (holy week) – It is
sometimes called biblical narration of Christ
passion.
SECULAR MUSIC FORMS – such as awit and the
corrido soon flourished. It is a musical form that
chanted stories is based on European literature
and history.
KUNDIMAN – which usually spoke of
resignation fatalism. The lyrics were unrequited
love who could be cleverly concealed as a
beautiful woman. (e.g Kundiman ni Abdon /
Abdon’s Love Song) – the kundiman use in the
protest actions against Martial Law during the
seventies. Bayan Ko (My Country) renewed
popularity during the EDSA PPR of 1986.
BALITAO – sentimental love songs
MANGYANS – who inhabit the island province
of Mindoro.
*Bamboo poles are cut into smaller nodes and
are etched with baybayin script
BAYBAYIN SCRIPT – used to compose short
poems that tell of courtship and other
emotional concerns.
EXAM REVIEWER FOR CONTEMPORARY ARTS (1ST GRADING)
*In the town of Ticao, located in southern
province of Leyte, a huge stone was discovered
that contained Baybayin writing believed to be
an invocation for a safe journey by sea.
*The shamanistic rituals, dances, and chants or
pre-colonial were the earliest forms of theater.
*During the 19th century, a popular form of
musical theater was imported from Spain.
ZARZUELA or SARSUELA was an operetta –
which features singing and dancing with prose
of dialogue which the story to be carried out in
song.
*Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan , who
wrote sarsuwelas in Tagalog.
SENAKULO or PASSION PLAY – The first PP was
written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen.
– it is narrating the Christ passion and death on
the cross. It conveys Christ suffering as a
metaphor for the suffering of Filipinos under
Spanish rule.
KOMEDYA – is another local theater form that
emerged during this period.
Two Types:
Komedya de santo or religious komedya – it
centers the life of Christ.
Secular Komedya – MoroMoro is a type of SK.
The word “moro” is derived from the Spanish
word for Moor or the North African Arabs . A
typical moro-moro story would usually involve a
love story between a Christian hero and an
Islamic heroine or vice versa.
*In Nueva Ecija, the senakulo is called araguio
or arakyo and it is performed all throughout the
seven days of Holy Week.
HEAVEN, EARTH & HELL (1850) – a mural by
Jose Dans in Paete Church, Laguna. It is a map
of the universe features a terrifying depiction of
hell.
*PROF. BRENDA FAJARDO proposes the friars
BASI REVOLT – a series of 14 paintings by
Esteban Villanueva. It chronicles the defeat of
Ilocanos who rebelled against the Spanish gov.
of basi or rice wine in 1821. The paintings
illustrate the bloody consequences of insurgent
actions.
THE REPROGRAPHIC ART – of printmaking was
introduced in the Philippines as early as 16th
century. Applying the technique of xylography
or woodcut printing.
DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA (The Teachings of
Christianity) – was printed in 1593. It is a first
printed book in the phil. Compiling song lyrics,
commandments, sacraments etc.
ESTAMPAS – it is a prayer booklet and its
smaller counterpart of ESTAMPITAS,
printmaking, and engraving.
*In 1734, the priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde
collaborated with the artist Francisco Suarez
and the engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay to
produce Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica
de las Yslas Filipinas it is the first scientific map
of the phil.
TIPOS DEL PAIS – It is the everyday life that
shows the different “types” of people.
LITHOGRAPHY – reproduction of color plates as
well as mass printing of newspaper and
periodicals.
THE AUGUSTINIAN botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco
in Flora de Filipinas produce an extensive
compilation of phil. Plants in Flora de Filipinas
1878.
ILUSTRADO or ENLIGHTENED – The enlivened
trade and commercial ventures also presented
to them the opportunity to study in Europe.
VIRINA – A bell shaped glass case; or urna; a
humbler , a domestic version of retablo.
*The miniature Style that allowed the artist to
reveal meticulous details that signify the
wealth.
*Simon Flores’s painting Portrait of the
Quiazon Family, 1800 documents the family’s
affluence; the magnificent interior of the
family’s home, mothers jewelry, the delicate
fabric, and embroidery of clothing.
DAMIAN DOMINGO – The painter known for
his watercolor albums of tipos del pais.
Academia de Dibujo – The first art school in the
country
*In 1884, Juan Luna and Felix Resurrection
Hidalgo won medal s in the Madrid exposition.
Luna won gold for SPOLIARIUM (basement of
roman coliseum it is where the dead gladiators
dump ); while Hidalgo garnered a silver medal
for Virgenes christianas expuestas al
populacho (painting)
EXAM REVIEWER FOR CONTEMPORARY ARTS (1ST GRADING)

TECHNIQUES IN CONTEMPORARY ARTS 5. Artist who enjoy broad acceptance

Collage – Adhering flat elements such as
newspaper or magazines to a flat surface to
create a flat layer.
through prestigious national or
international recognition awards.
GOALS

Decalcomania – Process of applying - Recognize them who have great

GOVACHE to a paper or glass then
transferring a reversal of that image.
Decoupage – Done by adhering cut-outs or
paper and coating these with one or more
coats or varnish.
Frottage – Technique of rubbing with
crayon on a piece of paper which has placed
over an object.
Montage – Used for photography or film
where a pictorial image is JUXTAPOSED to
make another picture.
contribution
- Artistic Accomplishment
- Promote cultural identity / heritage
*INSIGNIA – Red, white, blue it means
Katotohanan, Kabutihan, Kagandahan
*Proclamation No. 1001 / S. April 27, 1972
*Agencies (National Commision for culture
and the arts) RA 7356 / S. April 2, 1992
NATIONAL ARTISTS

Trapunto – A decorative quilted design ARCHITECTURE

worked through atleast 2 layers of cloth by
Juan F. Nakpil (1976) Quezon Hall
outlining the design in running stitch and
padding it from underside. Pablo S. Antonio (1976) White Cross

Digital Application – Artistic work or Leandro V. Locsin (1990) Folk Arts Theater
practices that uses digital technology as
VISUAL ARTS
part of the creative process.
Carlos V. “Botong” Francisco (1973) Fiesta
NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD
Guillermo Tolentino (1973) Bonifacio
- The highest national recognition given to
Monument
Filipino individuals who have made
significant contributions to the Fernando Amorsolo (1972) Planting Rice
development of Philippine arts, namely
CINEMA
music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature
film, and broadcast art, and architecture Fernando Poe Jr. (2006) Durugin si Totoy
arts. Bato

CRITERIA / QUALIFICATIONS Eddie S. Romero (2003) Kamakalawa

1. Living artist who have been Filipino Lino Brocka (1997) Insiang
citizens for the last ten years
LITERATURE
2. Artist who have been helped build a
Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez (1997) The
Filipino sense of nationhood
Bamboo Dancers
3. Artist who distinguished themselves by
Carlos P. Romulo (1982) I walked with
pioneering in a mode of creative expression
heroes
4. Artist who have created a significant
Sionil Jose (2001) Mass
body of works and have consistency
displayed excellence in the practice of their Levi Celerio (Oct. 9 1997) Music : Ang pasko
art form. ay sumapit
EXAM REVIEWER FOR CONTEMPORARY ARTS (1ST GRADING)

FASHION DESIGN

Ramon Valera (2000) Terno’s

DANCE

Ramon Obusan (2006) Noon po sa amin

Francisca Reyes Aquino (1973) Mother of

Philippine Dancing Book: Philippine
National Dances

Leonor Orosa Goquingco (1976) Mother of

Philippine Dance / The Magic Garden

MUSIC

Ramon Santos (2014) Klintang

Lucresia Roces Kasilag (1989) Ang Pamana

Antonio J. Molina (1973) Hatinggabi

THEATER

Daisy H. Avellano

Severino Montano