LESSON 1: PHILIPPINE LITERARY the Spaniards in Cebu was made by the group

HISTORY of Adilantado.

DIVISIONS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE “Indios” or illiterate

HISTORY
“Doctrina Cristiana” catholic book of prayers
1) PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD and doctrines
Most of the words were concise poetic
forms such as: Pasyon- written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen
and Mariano Pilapil and depecting the
 Riddles(bugtong)
suffering, and death of Jesus Christ.
 Proverbs(salawikain)
 Saying or maxims(kasabihan) Francisco Baltazar- “Florante at Laura”-
 Folk songs dodecasyllabic
Kantahing bayan in form of: Korido- octosyllabic monoriming quatrains
1) Oyayi (lullaby) Balagtas- the Balagtasan similar to the
2) Soliranin (boat song) “Crisotan” of the pampangos (named after
3) Kumintang (war song) Crisostomo Sotto, Father of Pampanga
4) Diona (wedding song) Literature) Bukanegan (Pedro Bukaneg,
5) Dalit (religious song) father of Ilocano Literature)
6) Kundiman (love song)
7) Dapayanin (drinking song) Fr. Modesto de Castro- authored the book of
8) Hibais (travel song) etiquette cinsisting of letters exchanged
9) Bung-aw (funeral song) between two sisters, Urbana and Felisa.
10) Bansal (courting song) Propagandists: Dr. Jose P. Rizal and the
Famous among all epic: revolutionists geaded by the Katipunan
Supremo, Gat Andres Bonifacio
1) “Biag ni Lam-ang” of Ilocanos
2) “Alim and Hudhud” of Ifugaos La Solidaridad- newsapaper
3) “Kumintang” of the Tagalogs PSEUDONYMS:
4) “Ibalon” of Bicolanos
5) “Maragtas” and “Hinilawod” of the 1) Jose Rizal- Dimas Alang & Laong
Visayan Laan
6) “Hari sa Bukid” of the Hiligaynons 2) Del Pilar- Plaridel
7) “Dagoy” and “Sudsud” of the 3) Jaena- Diego Laura
Tagbanuas 4) Jose Ma. Panganiban- Jomapa
8) “Bantugan” of the Muslims
9) “Indarapatra and Sulayman” of the WORKS:
Magindanaos 1) Jose Rizal- Noli Me Tangere, El
10) “Tatuaang” of Bagobos Filibusterismo
11) “Ulagingen and Saleb” of the Manobos 2) Marcelo del Pilar- Dasalan at
Prosaic pieces includes: Tocsohan
3) Graciano Lopez Jaena- Fray
1) Legends(alamat) Botod
2) Myths(mito)
3) Folk tales(kwentong bayan) Bonifacio, Jacinto, Mabini, Ponce fought for
4) Fables(pabula) independence and separation from Spain
5) Parables(parabola) wrote in Tagalog
6) And other narratives Katas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang
SPANISH PERIOD Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

When the first group of colonizers came with AMERICAN PERIOD

the discover of Philippines by Ferdinand They defeated Spaniards in the Spanish-
Magellan(who was later repulsed and killed by American war. Which resulted in the Treaty of
Lapu-Lapu and his men) and first settlement of Paris, in which Spain ceded the Philippines to
the US. The American introduced the public TANKA- has 5 lines and 31 syllables(5-7-5-7-
school system and the English Language. 7)
Philippine Normal School 1901 and the UP
in 1908 both were run by the American PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
government- Thomasites- first English Philippine producing works in English, the
teacher. vernacular and Filipino (one of the official
LIST OF PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE languages of the country and the Tagalog
LITERATURE IN ENGLISH based National language as promulgated by
Pres. Manuel L. Quezon during
1) Period of Orientation(1900-1910) Commonwealth Period.
2) Period of Apprenticeship(1910-1920)
3) Period of Experimentation(1920-1940) Philippine Literature:
4) Period of Discontent(1941-1944) 1) Lazaro Francisco
5) Post-war Period(1945-1950) 2) Amado V. Hernandez
6) Modern Period(1951-1971) 3) Jose Garcia Villa
7) Martial Law Era(1972-1986) 4) Alejandro G. Abadilla
8) Post Martial Law Era of Contemporary 5) Genoveva Edroza-Matute
Period(1986-present) 6) Claro M. Recto
LIST OF PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE 7) Paul A. Dumol
LITERATURE IN GENERAL 8) Tony Perez
9) Emmanuel Torres
1) Period of Reorientation(1898-1910) 10) Nick Joaquin(Quijano de Manila)
2) Period of Invitation(1910-1925) 11) N.V.M Gonzalez
3) Period of self-discovery(1925-1941) 12) Wilfrido D. Nolledo
4) Post-War Reorientation(1945) 13) Wilfrido P. Virtusio
5) The rebirth of freedom(1946-1970) 14) Ricardo Demetillo
6) Period of Activism(1970-1972) 15) Virgilio Almario(Rio Alma)
7) Period of New Society(1972-1981) 16) Efren Abueg
8) Period of Third Republic(1981-1985) 17) Regelio R. Sikat
9) Contemporary Period(1986-present) 18) Edgardo M. Reyes
19) Bienvinido A. Ramos
JAPANESE PERIOD 20) Bienvinido N. Santos
Filipino came to a half with the coming of 21) Kerina Polotan Tuvera
Japanese. Filipino movements be limited. 22) Lamberto E. Antonio
Stopped wielding pens and started wielding MARTIAL LAW PERIOD
guns.
Under the administration of the Presidents
Introduced the ff: Roxas, Quirino, Magsaysay, Garcia, and
1) NIPPONGO O NIHONGO(Japanese Macapagal, the writers enjoyed greater liberty
Language) in terms of content, style and genre.
2) IKEBANA(the art of arranging flower) Martial law was declared by Ferdinand E.
3) ORIGAMI(the art of folding paper) Marcos on September 21, 1972
4) TEMPURA AND SUSHI(their cuisine)
5) HAIKU,TANKA AND SENRYU(their Writers freedom were suppressed
poetic form)
Only the government publications continued
HAIKU- short descriptive poem about nature
consisting of 17 syllables distributed as Anti-government and anti-marcos writings
follows: 5 syllables in the 1st line, 7 syllables in proliferated in the form of underground
the 2nd and 5 syllables in the 3rd line. publications led by MALAYA.

SENRYU- poem w/c subject is the human January 1, 1981

nature and usually satirical and ironical tone. 3  martial law was lifted
line similar to haiku in structure (5-7-5)but
 censorship of publication continued
differs from the latter in rhyme(unrhymed)
  period of New Society- Kilusang
Bagong Lipunan or KBL( Marcos’es
political party)
Francisco Sionil Jose, Ricardo Lee,
Rolando Tinio and many more produced
against the government.
POST MARTIAL LAW PERIOD
August 21, 1983- assassination of the leading
Marcos oppositionist Sen. Benigno Aquino
Revived the nationalistic spirit of Filipino
writers
EDSA Revolution, the much celebrated
bloodless struggle between the Reform of
Army Movement (RAM) led by Col.
Gregorio Honasan and the Marcos loyalist
soldiers as a result of the February 1986 snap
presidential poll
National Movement for Free Election-
facilitates the election
Corazon C. Aquino- 1st lady president
The armed forces of the Philippines(AFP)
Chief of Staff Fidel V. Ramos and the
secretary of the Department of National
Defense(DND) Juan Ponce Enrile, together
with the marcos- loyalist soldiers, sided with
Honasan’s group that Pres. Marcos decided t
leave the Philippines w/ the member of his
family.
EDSA REVOLUTION OF 1986
Responsible for the restoration of the lost
freedoms
It was this unlimited freedom that prompted
feminist writers and their supporters
(members of GABRIELA)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Under the administration of the presidents
Aquino, Ramos. Estrada, Arroyo and Aquino,
writers enjoyed the press freedom.
LESSON 2: CANONICAL AUTHORS IN
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Literary canon is defined as “a group of
literary works that are considered the most
important of a particular time period or place”
The winners of the first commonwealth
literary awards given in 1940 by Pres.
Manuel L. Quezon
1) Literature and Society by Salvador P.
Lopez
2) How my brother Leon brought home a
wife by Manuel Arguilla
3) Like the Molave by R. Zulueta da
Costa
4) His Native Soil by Juan C. Laya
DIFFERENT FORMS OF AWARDS
1) Republic Cultural Heritage Awards of
1960
2) Pro Patria Awards for Literature in
1961
3) Don Carlos Memorial Awards and
National Awards of 1973
CHIMERA- monster in greek mythology having
a lion’s head, a goat’s body and a serpent tail
-an illusion of fabrication of the mind.
INFATUATE- to inspire w/ a foolish or
extravagant love or admiration
ANTIQUE- existing since or belonging to
earlier times.
CLICHÉ- something that was become overly
familiar.
The story is an example of chick lit. Derived
from the word “chick”-american slang for
young woman; and “lit”- the clipped form of
literature. Chicklit is defined as “genre fiction
which addresses issues of modern
womanhood often humorously and
lighthearted
Author: Khatrina Bonagua
Theme: Fantasy Values: Truth and Love
PROTAGONIST
 She’s the narrator
 She’s fond of history(she collects
antique)
 She woke up one morning 18 years
back from birthyear
 She fell inlove with the guy she met in
the village
RED
 A guy wearing a white shirt sitting all
alone at the swing
  Helped the protagonist to go back to
present.
Wristwatch- the recent antique purchase of
the protagonist
 a very unique accessory w/c instead of
numbers it has a year on it from 1970-
2010 and it was pointing on 1989
 the thing that brought the protagonist
to the past
KEY- a gift from an old lady to red
 the thing used to unlocked the
wristwatch
BORDERLESS WORLD by Patricia
Evangelista
BORDERLESS- w/o boundaries bet.
Countries, administratives, divisions, or other
areas.
GREENER PASTURE- a new better and more
interesting place, job or activity.
DIASPORA- a group of people who spread
from one original country to other countries
DESERTION- the act of leaving someone
behind in a difficult situation
TANTAMOUNT- having the same effects as
something, usually something bad
MICROCOSM- a small place, society or
situation that has the same characteristics as
something much larger
NATIONALISM- loyalty and devotion to a
nation
Patricia Chanco Evangelista
 manila based journalist and
documentary film maker whose
coverage focuses on conflict, disaster
and human rights.
 Highschool: St. Theresa’s College
 College: BA Speech Communication
at UP Diliman(Cum Laude)
The article won the international Public
Speaking Competition in London , May 2004.
The main title of the article is BLONDE and
BUE-EYES.
Theme: national pride
Values: nationalism and patriotism
1) HER DREAMS
 Wanted to be blonde, blue-
eyed and white
 She wishes to have freckles
across her nose
 She wanted to experience
snow during Christmas
2) HER FAMILY
 Her mother is Chinese decent
 Her father is a quarter
Spanish
 16 cousins but after a couple
of years only 5 remained
3) HER COUNTRY
 Abandoned by skillful Filipino
and choose to work abroad
 There’s a lot of balikbayans
4) HER GOALS
 To take advantage of
opportunities that come
 To come home
 Giving back to the country that
shaped her
MY RUBAIYAT FOR YOU, MA’AM & MERRY
CHRISTMAS ACROSTIC SONNET by Jesus
Z. Menoy
ENTHUSIASM- strong excitement and feeling
YONDER- being at a distance within a view.
WIZ- thinker
Textula is a blend of English word ”text” and a
Filipino word “tula” meaning text poem. It is a
poem written in a form of text message.
Theme: technology writing
Values: creativity and harmony
1st poem: formed word: Fely Castillo
Content: description of music and arts,
teacher from her occupation up to how she
inspires and touches lives of many students.
RUBAIYAT- iambic pentameter quatrain w/a
rhyme scheme aaba
2nd poem: formed word: merry Christmas
Content: a reminder that Christmas is the
celebration of birth of Jesus Christ and the
reason why God sent his only son.
SONNET- consists of 14 lines that are typically
5 feet iambics rhyming
FILIPINO SA PILING LARANG
KABANATA 1: AKADEMIKONG PAGSULAT
PANANALIKSIK- ay isang masusing
pagsisiyasat at pagsusuri sa mga ideya,
konsepto, bagay, tao, isyu at iba pang bigyang
linaw, patunayan o pasubalian.
 MASUSI- ito ay dahil bawat detalye,
datos, pahayag at katwiran ay
inuusisa, nililinaw at pinag-aaralang
mabuti bago gumawa ng mga
konklusyon.
 PAGSISIYASAT- ito dahil anumang
pamamalagay, ideya o haka-haka ay
hinahanapan ng katibayan para
patunayan.
 PAG-AARAL- ito dahil bunga ng
pagsisiyasat ay tinitimbang, tinataya at
sinusuri.
 NAGBIBIGAY-LINAW- ito sa mga
ideyang maaaring alam ng marami
pero nangangailangan ng dagdag ng
impormasyon at paliwanag.
 NAGPAPATUNAY- ito sa mga
nosyon, palagay, haka-haka at
paniniwala
 NAGPAPASUBALI- ito sa mga dati
nang pinaniwalaan pero inakalang
may mali, hindi totoo o hindi dapat
paniwalaan.
KATANGIAN NG PANANALIKSIK
OBHETIBO- ang mga datos na kinuha sa mga
di kumikiling o di-kinikilingang mga batas. Ang
mga interpretasyon ay batay sa paghahanay,
pagtataya at pagsusuri ng mga datos na ito.
MARAMI PA AT IBAT-IBANG MGA
GINAGAMIT NA DATOS- lahat ng posibleng
pagkunan ay mga datos na magagamit sa
pananaliksik.
MGA PAMAMARAAN O ANGKOP NA
METODOLOHIYA NA TUTULONG SA
IKAHUHUSAY NG MGA PANANALIKSIK
 MASURI O KRITIKAL- sa paggamit
ng mga datos at sa pagtimbang-
timbang ng mga ideya.
 DOKUMENTADO- sa mga materyales
na ginagamit bilang pagkilala sa
gawain ng iba at mga datos na
nakuha.
GAMIT NG PANANALIKSIK SA LIPUNANG
PILIPINO
 PANG-ARAW ARAW NA GAWAIN-
may pansariling gamit at kabuluhan
ang pananaliksik sa isang indibidwal.
 AKADEMIKONG GAWAIN- tinatawag
na sulating pananaliksik o
panahunang papel ang bunga ng
gawaing ito.
 KALAKAL/BISNES- gumagawa muna
ng pananaliksik o feasibility study ukol
sa potensyal sa market at tubo at sa
ikatatagumpay ng bisnes na pinasok.
 PANGGOBYERNO- para sa
serbisyong panlipunan o institusyon.
MAARI MONG MAKITA ANG
ORYENTASYONG PILIPINO SA
PAMAMAGITAN NG:
1) PAKSA- ang pagpili mismo ng paksa
ay nagpapatunay ng oryentasyon ng
mananaliksik.
2) METODOLOHIYA- ipinapalagay sa
metodolohiyang ito na sap ag-aaral ng
kaisipan, pagkilos at kulturang Pilipino,
hindi dapat magkaroon ng mga
assumptions o set questions.
3) INTERPRETASYON- ang batayan ng
pagsusuri ay krusyal sa kabulihan ng
pananaliksik.
4) MANANALIKSIK
5) TAGATANGGAP
6) WIKA- para patatagin ang
oryentasyon ng pananaliksik.
7) BUOD
TUNGKULIN AT REPONSIBILIDAD NG
MANANALIKSIK
KATANGIAN NG MANANALIKSIK
 MATIYAGA- sa paghahanap ng mga
datos mula sa ibat-ibang
mapagkukunan maging ito’y sa
aklatan, opisina, institusyon, tao,
medya, kumunidad at maging sa
internet.
 MAPARAAN- sa pagkuha ng datos na
hindi madaling kunin at nag-iisp ng
sariling paraan para makuha ang mga
ito.
 SISTEMATIKO- sa paghahanap ng
mg materyales, sa pagdudukomento
dito at sap ag-iiskedyul ng mga
gawain tungo sa pagbubuo ng
pananaliksik.
  MAINGAT- sa pagpili ng mga datos
batay sa katotohanan at kredibilidad
ng pinagkunan sa pagsiguro na lahat
ng panig ay sinisiyasat;
1) Ang KATOTOHANAN ay
mahirap pasubalian kung ito’y
napatunayan ng mga
ebidensya.
2) Ang KREDIBILIDAD ng
pinagkunan ng datos ay
napapatunayan sa motibo
awtoridad at realidad ng
datos.
3) Lahat ng panig ay
SINISIYASAT kung
matiyagang hahanapin ang
lahat ng datos ukol sa paksa.
4) Ang mga KONKLUSYON,
INTERPRETASYON, PUNA
at REKOMENDASYON ay
hindi mo basta gagawin o
ibibigay kung hindi mo pa
nabibistay, natitimbang at
nasusuri ang mga argumento
at mga batayang datos.
 ANALITIKAL- sa mga datos at
interpretasyon ng iba ukol sa paksa.
 KRITIKAL- sa pagbibigayng
interpretasyon, konklusyon at
rekomendasyon sa paksa.
 MATAPAT- sa pagsasabing may
nagawa pang pag-aaral ukol sa
paksang pinag-aaralan mo
 RESPONSABLE- sa paggamit ng
mga nakuhang datos sa mga tao/
institusyong pinagkunan ng mga ito.
PLAGIARISM AT RESPONSIBILIDAD NG
MANANALIKSIK
Ang pangongopya ay pandaraya at di
katanggap tanggap sa pananaliksik. Maaari
din itong humantong sa problemang legal.
PLAGIARISM- ang teknikal na salitang
ginagamit sa wikang ingles kaugnay ng
pangongopya ng gawa ng iba nang walang
pagkilala.
ANYO O URI NG PLAGIARISM
1) Tahasang pag-angkin sa gawa ng iba
2) Pagkopya sa ilang bahagi ng akda
nang may kaunting pagbago sa ayos
ng pangungusap at hindi kinikilala ng
awtor.
3) Pag-angkin at/o paggawa sa pamagat
ng iba.
MAKRONG KASANAYAN SA PAGSULAT
Ang PAGSULAT ay artikulasyon ng mga
ideya, konsepto, paniniwala at nararamdaman
na ipinahahayag sa paraang pasulat, limbag at
elektroniko(kompyuter)
DALAWANG YUGTO SA PAGSULAT
1) YUGTONG PANGKOGNITIBO- nasa
isip lahat natin an gating mga isusulat.
2) PROSESO NG PAGSULAT-
nagkakaroon ng hulma at tiyak na
hugis ang mga ideya at konseptong
nasa isipan ng tao.
TATLONG PARAAN AT AYOS NG
PAGSULAT
1) PASULAT O SULAT KAMAY(liham,
talaarawan)
2) LIMBAG (Jornal, magasin, aklat)
3) ELEKTRONIKO ( balita, dokumento,
pananaliksik)
IBAT-IBANG URI NG PAGSULAT
1) PORMAL- mga sulating may malinaw
na daloy at ugnayan ng pangunahing
paksa.
2) DI-PORMAL- mga sulating may
malayang pagtalakay sa paksa,
magaan ang pananalita, masaya at
parang nakikipag-usap lamang.
3) KOMBINASYON- kombinasyon ng
pormal at di pormal.
ANYO NG PAGSULAT AYON SA LAYUNIN
1) PAGLALAHAD- ito din ay
nagpapaliwanag
2) PAGSASALAYSAY- kronolohikal o
pagkakasunod-sunod
3) PANGANGATWIRAN- ipinapahayag
dito ang katwiran,opinyon o
argumantong pumapanig o
sumasalungat sa isyung nakahain.
4) PAGLALARAWAN- isinasaad sa
panulat na ito ang obserbasyon, uri,
kondisyon, palagay, damdamin ng
isang manunulat hinggil sa isang
bagay, tao at kapaligiran.
PROSESO NG PAGSULAT
1) PAGTATANONG AT PAG-USISA-
nagmula sa isa o maraming tanong
 2) PALA-PALAGAY- simula ng
pananaliksik sa isang banda, unti-
unting nabubuo ang pala-palagay.
3) INISYAL NA PAGTATANGKA-
tatangkain ng manunulat na ayusin
ang panimulang datos.
4) PAGSUSULAT NG UNANG
BORADOR- dito ibubuhos ng
manunulat ang kanyang kasanayan,
kaalaman at kakayahan upang mabuo
ang papel.
5) PAGKIKINIS NG PAPEL- muling
babasahin upang makita ang
pagkakamali sa ispelling, paggamit ng
salita, gramatika at ang daloy ng
pagpapahayag.
6) PINAL NA PAPEL- kapag nasuyod ng
mabuti ang teknikal na maling bahagi
at nilalaman ng papel, pwede nang
ipasa at ipabasa ito sa guro o sa iba
pang babasa’t susuri nito.
ORGANISASYON NG TEKSTO
1) TITULO O PAMAGAT- naglalaman ito
ng titulo o pamagat ng papel;
pangalan ng sumulat, petsa ng
pagkasulat o pagpasa at iba pang
impormasyon na maaaring tukuyin ng
guro.
2) INTRODUKSYON- karaniwang
isinasaad dito ang paksa,
kahalagahan ng paksa, dahilan ng
pagsulat ng paksa at pambungad na
talakay sa daloy ng papel.
3) KATAWAN- dito matatagpuan ang
pangunahing pagtalakay sa paksa.
4) KONGKLUSYON- dito nilalagom ang
mahalagang puntos ng papel.
tulad ng malakas na pwera at
institusyon gaya ng media.
Ang pagwiwika ng ibat-bang lahi ayon sa
mga varayti ng/sa FESTIVALS
Hindi naiiba ang Pilipinas sa usaping
piyesta dahil sa pagiging multilinggwal at
multi cultural ng mga Pilipino, nagiging
daan sa pagbukas ng ibat-ibang anyo at
uri ng festival.
SINULOG
 1st festival
 relihiyosong pista
 nagbibigay parangal kay Sto. Nino
 Cebuano word “sulog” agos ng tubig
DINAGYANG
 3rd week of January
 Ilo-ilo
PAHIYAS
 May 15
 nagpapasasalamat ng masaganang
ani kay San Isidro Labrador
 “payas” dekorasyon
MORIONES
 Holy week
 Marinduque
BANGUS
 Dagupan city (annual celebration in
summer)
KADAYAWAN

KABANATA 3: AKADEMIKONG SULATIN  Davao city

SA HUMANIDADES  “dayaw” mabuti
 3rd week of august
Ang ugnayan ng wika at kultura
PANAGBENGA
Maigting ang relasyon ng wika at
kultura, ito ay dahil walang ihahayag ang wika  Baguio-flower festival
kung walang kultura at walang ipapahayag  Whole month of February
ang kultura kung walang wika.  “kankanaey” season of blooming
Ang impak ng Globalisasyon at komunikasyon WALONG PANGUNAHING WIKA
kultura sa pagpapahayag ng kultura
1) Tagalog
 Ang prosesong modernisasyon at 2) Ilokano
globalisasyon ay nagdudulot ng 3) Waray
positibo at negatibong epekto sa 4) Hiligaynon
ngalan ng pagpapakilala ng identidad 5) Cebuano
dahil sa makabagong pamamaraan 6) Kapangpangan
 7) Bicolano
8) Pangasinense
Ang wikang mga PRODUKTO
Ang mga produkto ng isang lugar ay
mabisang repleksyon ng kultura. Wika ang
pangunahing kasangkapan sa pagbibigay ng
pangalan sa mga produkto.
 JEEPNEY- mula sa newyork
military(1964)
 PATIS- uri ng sawsawan mula sa
inasinang hipon o isda
 HALO-HALO- pambansang meryenda
 PAKBET- pagkaing Pilipino na may
kasangkapan na ibat-ibang uri ng
gulay.
 BAGOONG- giniling na hipon o isda
na dumaan sa permentasyon
 BAHAY KUBO- katutubong bahay
Ang wikang mga KASUOTAN at KAGAMITAN
Ang wika ng mga kasuotan at
kagamitan ay maliwanag na kumikilala sa
identidad ng mga Pilipino.
 SALAKOT- sinusuot upang malaman
ang estado ng buhay
 BARO’T SAYA- pang kababaihan
 BAHAG- tapis na ginagamit ng mga
lalaki na nakaipit sa pagitan ng hita
 KIMONA- maluwag na kasuotan ng
babae
 FILIPINIANA- modernong kasuotan
ng mga babae
 SARO- kasuotan ng mga Muslim
Ang wikang mga SAYAW
Ang paggalaw ng katawan ay isang
anyo ng pagwiwika. Ang masining na
paggalaw ng mga parte ng katawan ay isang
ekspresyon at pagwiwika; isang ekspresyon
ng katawan o isang wika ng kabuuan ng
nilalang.
 TINIKLING- leyte, “tikling”- ibon
 ITIK-ITIK- surigao del norte, galaw ng
itik o pato
 BINASUHAN- pangasinan, basong
pang inuman na may ricewine.
 PANDANGO SA ILAW- Mindoro,
pagsayaw na may ilaw sa baso
 MAGLALATIK- digmaang
sayaw(kastila at espanyol)
matatagpuan sa Laguna,
 KURATSA- pagpapakita ng panliligaw
ng mga lalaki mula sa Bohol.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
 entrepreneur actually does
 proposed by Jean Baptiste Say
ENTREPRENEUR
 organizes, manages, takes the risk
 “entreprende” to undertake
ENTREPRENEURIAL- approach
ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS- where the
venturer(investments that you have) are
engaged.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS
1) Entrepreneurs are good in physical
health
2) Entrepreneurs have supervisor
conceptual abilities
3) Entrepreneurs have broad thinking of
the generalist
4) Entrepreneurs have high self
confidence
5) Entrepreneurs have strong drive
6) Entrepreneurs need to control & direct
7) Entrepreneurs have only moderate
interpersonal skills
8) Entrepreneurs have moderate risk
takes
9) Entrepreneurs have realistic outlook
10) Entrepreneurs have a low need level
fir status.
THE MYTHS,FEARS AND EXCUSES OF
PEOPLE ARE NOT ENTREPRENEURS
 Entrepreneurs are born
 Entrepreneurs are superhumans
 Entrepreneurs are investors
 Entrepreneurs inherit business traits
 Entrepreneurs process a definite
characteristics profile
 The gender difference myths(men are
better entrepreneurs)
 Entrepreneurs are academic and
social misteps
 Entrepreneurs are gamblers and risk
takers
 Lucky money are the only things
needed to become entrepreneurs
  Entrepreneurs experience a lot of 7 P’s
failure
1) PRODUCT- the goods
The advantage of becoming a 2) PLACE- where the transaction takes
entrepreneurs place
3) POSITIONING- the actual procedure
 Have the opportunity to create your 4) PEOPLE- the most important element
own destiny 5) PROMOTION- act of communication
 Have the opportunity to be financially to the customers
well-off 6) PACKAGING- physical presentation
 Have the opportunity of knowing of the product
yourself better 7) PRICE- the value of product
 Have the opportunity to excel
MARKETING- communication of the value.
POTENTIAL MARKET Technique choosing the target market

 Termed as total addressable market or 4 OPERATIONS NEEDED IN A BUSINESS

“TAM”
 Total population wherein sees the 1) MANPOWER- unity of group,
potential of buying products or combination of all efforts.
services 2) METHOD- process
3) MACHINE- equipment
MARKET PROBLEM- this could refer to 4) MATERIALS- tangible objects
existing inefficiencies awkward workflow or
non-optimal solutions. The key to finding a
market problem is to listen for frustrations or
“IF ONLY” statement during interviews.

DIFFERENT MAJOR PROBLEMS

1) You have big plans but few resources

2) You have content performance issues
3) You have jack of all trades and master
of none
4) You have lots of contents but no
audience

VIABILITY- ability to work successfully

PROFITABILITY- has profit or financial gain

MARKET- locality or town. One of many

varieties of systems, institutions, procedures,
social relations and infrastructures whereby
both parties exchanged and engaged.

CONCEPT OF MARKET

NEEDS, WANTS AND

DEMANDS

MARKET
PRODUCTS

EXCHANGE,
TRANSACTION VALUE,SATISFACTION &
& QUALITY
RELATIONSHIP