Bency R.

Colingan August 20, 2019

LEAORG1- MF 12:30 PM-2:00 PM

“The Nine Peelian Principles”

Peelian Principle 1: “The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and
disorder.”
-To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force
and severity of legal punishment.

Peelian Principle 2: “The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon
public approval of police actions.”
-To recognize always that the power of the police to fulfil their functions and duties is
dependent on the public approval of their existence, actions and behavior, and on their
ability to provide protection from danger and to continue having public respect.

Peelian Principle 3: “Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary
observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.”
-To recognize always that to secure and maintain the respect and approval of the
public means also the securing of the willing co-operation of the public in the task of
securing observance of laws.

Peelian Principle 4: “The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured
diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.”
-To recognize always that the extent to which the co-operation of the public can be
secured diminishes proportionately the necessity of the use of physical force and
compulsion for achieving police objectives.

Peelian Principle 5: “Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to the public
opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.”
-To seek and preserve public favor, not by pandering to public opinion, but by
constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law, in complete independence
of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws,
by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without
regard to their wealth or social standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good
humor, and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life.
Peelian Principle 6: “Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure
observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice
and warning is found to be insufficient.”
-To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is
found to be insufficient to obtain public co-operation to an extent necessary to secure
observance of law or to restore order, and to use only the minimum degree of physical
force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective.

Peelian Principle 7: “Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that
gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the
police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time
attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community
welfare and existence.”
-To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic
tradition that the police are the public and that the public are the police, the police
being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which
are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.

Peelian Principle 8: “Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions
and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.”
-To recognize always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions,
and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary, of avenging
individuals or the State, and of authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty.

Peelian Principle 9: “The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder,
not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.”
-To recognise always that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and
disorder, and not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them.
 The Evolution of Police Service in the Philippine Setting

Spanish Regime
Carabineros De Seguridad Publico 1712 (Mounted Police) – organized to
carry out policies of the Spanish government. The members were armed
& later they discharged the duties of a port, harbor, & a river police.

Guardrilleros - created by the Royal Decree on Jan. 8, 1836 that consists

of a rural police organized in every town with the police force of 5% of the
able-bodied male in every town and must serve at least 3 years.

Guardia Civil - a police organization created on Feb. 12, 1852 by the Royal
Decree issued by the Spanish Crown Government that consist a Filipino
policemen in each provincial capitals of the central provinces of Luzon
under the command of Alcalde (Governor).

Japanese Occupation
Kempetai (Japanese Military Police) - a police force that was organized
during Japanese occupation that was responsible to maintain peace &
order in Manila & adjacent urban areas.

American Occupation
Insular Police Force – established on Nov. 30, 1890 during the Filipino-
American War upon the recommendation of the Philippine Commission to
the Secretary of War.

Insular Constabulary – created on July 18, 1901 by virtue of Act Nr. 175
titled as “An Act Providing for the Organization & Government of an
Insular Constabulary”.

Manila Police Departments (MPD) – organized on July 31 1901 by virtue of

Act Nr. 183 of the Phil. Commission. Capt. George Curry was the 1 st chief
of police, a US army officer appointed by the TAFT COMMISSION on Aug.
7, 1901. Capt. Columbus Piatt was the last American COP of MDP before
WWII broke out.

Philippine Constabulary (PC) – the new name for Insular Constabulary

effective on Oct. 3, 1901 by virtue of Act Nr. 255. The 1st chief of the Phil.
Constabulary was Capt. Henry T. Allen from 1901- 1907 & he was called the
Father of Constabulary in the Phil. It was manned mostly by Filipinos but
officers were mostly American.

Revised Administrative Code of 1917 – approved before WWI ended. In

Section 825 of this law, it stated that the Phil. Constabulary is a national
police institution for preserving peace keeping order and enforcing the
law. Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame became the first Fil. Chief of Police. He served
as the PC Chief from 1917-1927.

Revised Penal Code of the Phil. (Act Nr. 3815) – took effect on Jan. 1, 1932.

Act Nr. 181 – required the creation of a Bureau of Investigation on Nov.

1983. It should be the modification of the Division of Investigation from the
Department of Justice. On June 19, 1947, Republic Act Nr. 157 was
enacted which created the National Bureau of Investigation.

After WWI
Republic Act Nr. 2678 – was enacted in 1960 & this law provided the
expansion & reorganization of the NBI. This law established that the NBI is
both an investigative & research service agency.

Rules of Court – took effect on Jan. 1, 1964. This procedural law was
construed in order to promote the broad objective of the criminal justice
system & to assist the parties in obtaining just, speedy & inexpensive
determination of every legal action & proceeding.

Republic Act Nr. 4864 (Police Act of 1966) – was enacted on Sept. 18,
1966. The law created the office of the Police Commission (which was
later called National Police Commission under the Office of the President).
Originally, the POLCOM was created as a supervisory agency to the PC.
Its function was to oversee the training & professionalization of the local
police force.
Presidential Decree Nr. 765 – was enacted on Aug. 8, 1975 & stipulated
that the Office of the NAPOLCOM should be under the office of the
Ministry of National Defense. It defined the relationship between the
Integrated National Police & the Phil. Constabulary. This was
incompliance with the provision of Sec. 12, Article 15 of the 1973 Philippine
Constitution.

Republic Act Nr. 6975 – was approved on Dec. 13, 1990 by Pres. Corazon
Aquino. It was also known as DILG Act of 1990 but it was recognized later
as the PNP Law of 1991. It created the Phil. National Police & declared it
to be the only police force of the country with national in scope and
civilian in character.

On Feb. 25, 1998, Rep. Act Nr. 6975 provisions concerning the PNP were
amended when Pres. Fidel Ramos approved Rep. Act Nr. 8551 which is
known as the PNP Reform & Reorganization Act of 1998, reorganized the
PNP for the purpose of reforming & professionalizing it.