Volume - 4

DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION LIMITED
Design and Construction of Tunnels from Ch. (-)785.912 near

Janakpuri West underground station t o Palam Underground
Metro station (excluding) (Ch. (+)4591.630) by Shield TBM;
Janakpuri West, Dabri Mor and Dashrath Puri Underground
metro Stations by Cut & Cover Method and works in connection
with interchange facilities between existing elevated Metro
station and proposed underground metro station at Janakpuri
West on Janakpuri West - Kalindi Kunj Corridor under Delhi
MRTS Project of Phase-Ill.
CONTRACT NO: CC-34(UG-5)

TENDER DOCUMENTS
VOLUME 4
OUTLINE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION LTD.

5'hFloor, A-Wing, Metro Bhawan, Fire Brigade Lane,
Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110 001
DELHl METRO RAlL CORPORATION LIMITED
Design and Construction of Tunnels from Ch. (-)785.912

near Janakpuri West underground station to Palam
Underground Metro station (excluding) (Ch. (+)4591.630) by
Shield TBM; Janakpuri West, Dabri Mor and Dashrath Puri
underground metro Stations by Cut & Cover Method and
works in connection with interchange facilities between
existing elevated Metro station and proposed underground
metro station at Janakpuri West on Janakpuri West-
Kalindi Kunj Corridor under Delhi MRTS project of Phase-
111.
CONTRACT NO: CC-34(UG-5)

TENDER DOCUMENTS
VOLUME 4
.> OUTLINE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
DELMl METRO RAIL CORPORATION LTD.

5'h Floor, A-Wing, Metro Bhawan, Fire Brigade Lane,
Barakhamba Road, New Delhi -1 10 001
Contract CC-34 (UG-5)
CONTRACT CC-34 (UG-5)

VOLUME 4: OUTLINE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
SECTION 1 - RAILWAY GEOMETRY, DESIGN LIFE AND LOADS
1.1 GENERAL, CODES AND STANDARDS
1.1. I Purpose and Scope
1.1.2 Codes
lndian Railway Standards
Indian Roads Congress Standards
Bureau of lndian Standards Codes
ASTM Standards
AASHTO standards
BS standards
Other Publications
1.2 GEOMETRIC DESIGN CRITERIA
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 Minor Deviation in Alignment
1.3 RAILWAY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Railway Cross Sections and Structure Gauges
1.3.3 Clearances
1.4 DESIGN LIFE AND SERVICEABILITY
1.4.1 General
1.4.2 Civil Engineering Structures
1.4.3 (Not used)

1.4.4 Minimum Concrete cover
14 5 Serviceability of Clvll and Bullding Works
1.5 LOADS AND REQUIREMENTS
1 5.1 General
DMRCINolume-410utline Design SpecificationlContents

1.5.2 Nominal Loads
1.5.3 Loading Combinations
I5.4 Design Loads
1.5.5 (Not Used)
(Not Used)
Seismic Loading
Erection Forces and Effects
Shrinkage and Creep
Differential Settlement
(Not used)
Live Loads in Stations
Loads due to Equipment

Air Pressure
-
SECTION'2 GEOTECHNICAL, FOUNDATIONS AND TUNNEL WORKS
GENERAL STANDARDS AND CODES
2.1 .I Purpose and Scope
2.1.2 Codes Standards and Regulations

Indian Standards
British Standards Institution
Others
Tunnelling
2.1.3 Design Considerations
SITE INVESTIGATIONS AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
2.2.2 Investigation Requirements
2.2.3 Investigation Methods
LABORATORY TESTING METHODS
2.2.4 General Methods
2.2.5 lndexlClassification Testing of Soil Samples
2.2.6 Strength Testing of Soil Samples
2.2.7 Consolidation Testing of Soil Samples
DMRCINolume-410utline Design SpecificationIContents

2.2.8 Permeability Testing of Soil Samples

2.2.9 Chemical Testing of Sod and Groundwater Samples
2.2 10 Test~ngof Rock Specimens
2.3 (Not Used)
2.4 (Not Used)
2.5 (Not Used)
2.6 (Not Used)

2.7 BORED TUNNELS
2.7.1 Method Statement
2.7.2 Types and General methods of Analyses
2.7.4 Loads
2.7.5 Loading Conditions
2.7.6 Flotation
2.7.7 Heave and Settlement
2.7.8 Tunnel Linings
2.7.9 Segmental Lining
2.7.10 As-Built Tolerances
2.7.1 1 Segment Details
2.7.12 Conventional Tunnel Lining
2.7.13 Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and Shields
2.7.1 4 Waterproofing
2.7.15 ,Temporary Access or Retrieval Shafts
2.7.16 Temporary Access Shaft on Road Alignment
2.7.17 Underpinning of Existing Structures
2.7.18 Cross Passages
2.7.19 Sumps in Running Tunnels
2.7.20 Ground Treatment and Temporary Support
2.7.21 Tunnel Walkway
2.8 CUT AND COVER TUNNELS
2.8 1 General principles
DMRCINolume-410utline Design SpecificationIContents Ill

2.8.2 Design Principles
2.8.3 Diaphragm Walling
2.8.4 Flotation
2.8.5 Cracking of Concrete
2.8.6 Crack Width
2.8.7 Thermal Cracking
2.8.8 Corner Details
2.8.9 Construction Joints
2.8.10 Slab to Wall Connections

2.8.1 1 Connections between Bored Tunnelstcut and Cover Structures
2.8.12 Base Instability
2.8.13 Waterproofing
UNDERGROUND STATION DESIGN
2.8.15 General Principles
2.8.16 ~ e s i g nPrinciples
2.8.17 Flotation
2.8.19 Crack Width

-. 2.8.24 Confledion between-Bored~T'unnelst€ut
andCover Structures and Stations
COVERED APPROACHES AND SUBWAYS
2.8.30 Flotation

2.8.32 Crack Width

2.8.37 Connection between Covered Approaches and Subway with Station Structures
2.9 TEMPORARY GROUND SUPPORT 8 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
2.9.1 Types and Applications
2.9.2 Design of Temporary Works
2.9.3 Design of Temporary Excavation Support
2.9.4 Ground Movements
OTHER CONSIDERK~IONSCRITERIA
. .
2.9.5 Construction Dewatering
2.9.6 Ground Improvement

2.9.7 Limiting Construction-Induced Vibrations at Existing Adjacent Structures
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING
2.9.8 General
2.9.9 Seepage Barrier
SETTLEMENT AND BUILDING PROTECTION
2.1 0.1 General
2.10.2 Minimising Ground Movements
2.1Q..?.. ::... .. Prediction

. ...,.,,. . .. of Ground Movements
2.10.4 Structure condition Survey
2.10.5 Assessment of Impact on structures
2.10.6 Staged Assessment
2.10.7 Monitoring
Table 2.10.1: Building Damage Classification
DELETED

SECTION 4 -GENERAL SITE PLANNING AND DESIGN
4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 Purpose and Scope
4.1.2 Delhi Urban Arts Commission (DUAC)
4.1.3 Security Requirements
4.1.4 Durability and Maintenance
4.1.5 Road Pavements
4.2 Deleted
4.3 Deletec!
4.4 UTILITIES
4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
ANNEXURE 1
DMRCINolume-410utlineDesign Spec~ficationIContents
CONTRACT NO: CC-34 (UG-5)

TENDER DOCUMENTS
VOLUME -4
SECTION 1
RAILWAY GEOMETRY, DESIGN LIFE AND LOADS
DMRCNolume-410utlineDesign Specification
SECTION 1
OUTLINE DESIGN CRITERIA
RAILWAY GEOMETRY, DESIGN LIFE AND LOADS
Section 1.1 - GENERAL, CODES AND STANDARDS
1.1.1 Purpose and Scope

The Outline Design Criteria hereto provide minimum standards that are to govern the design
of the Permanent Works.
The Outline Design Criteria shall be read in conjunction with the Outline Construction
Specifications where appropriate.
The design and construction of the Permanent Works shall comply with codes of practice and
standards current (with up to date correction slips) at the time of submission of Tender
Documents. Regulations made and requirements issued by the lndian Government and by
relevant utility authorities shall be followed and specified.
Alternative or additional codes, standards and specifications proposed by the Contractor shall
be internationally recognised codes and shall be equivalent to .or better than, lndian
Standards issued by the Bureau of lndian Standards or any other lndian professional body or
organisation, subject to being, in the opinion of the Engineer, suitable for incorporation into
the Specifications.
Wherever in this volume and other volumes of contract documents any term provides for
consent, concurrence, no-objection or agreement of the Employer or the The Engineer, the
same shall mean and denote consent concurrence or agreement in writing (even if not so
expressly stated).
1.1.2 CODES
Subject to the requirement of this specification and other control documents all design work
will comply with the appropriate current standards issued by the lndian Railway
Standards(1RS) and Bureau of lndian Standards (BIS), or if such a standard does not exist,
then the appropriate current standard issued by the British Standard Institute (BSI) If
appropriate 'standard from BIS and BSI dose not exist, then subject to approval by the
engineer, an appropriate current standard from a reputable institution may be used. All
standards shall be that including Amendments and Addenda, current at the date of tender.
An indicative list of codes and Standards ISpecifications is given for reference.
lndian Railway Standards (IRS)
RS - Bridge Rules for loading (Ministry of Railways)
IRS - Code of practice for steel bridges.
IRS - Code of practice for plain, reinforced and pre-stressed concrete for general
Bridge construction.
IRS - Code o f practice for the design of substructures and foundation of bridges.
DMRCI Volume 410uUine Design Specification 1

Indian Roads Congress Standards (IRC)

IRC 5 1985 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section I- General Features of Design
Bridges, Section il - Loads and Stresses
IRC 10 1961 Recommended Practice for Borrow pits for Road
Embankments Constructed by Manual Operation
IRC 11 1962 Recommended practice for the design of lay out of cycle
tracks
IRC 18 1985 Design Criteria for Pre-stressed Concrete Road Bridges
(Post-Tensioned Concrete)
iRC 19 1977 Standard Specifications and code of Practice for Water
Bound Macadam
IRC 21: 1987 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road
Bridges Section Ill-Cement Concrete (Plain and Reinforced)
Bridges, Section VI - Composite Construction
IRC 24 1967 Standard Specifications and Code of practice for Road
Bridges, Section V - Steel Road Bridges
IRC 36 1970 Recommended Practice for the Construction of Earth
Embankments for Road Works
IRC 37 1984 Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavement
IRC 45 1972 Recommendatia~sfor Estimating the Resistance of Soil
below the maximum scour Level in the Design of Well
Foundations of Bridges
IRC 48 1972 Tentative Specifications for Bituminous Surface Dressing
Using Pre-coatedAggregates
IRC 75 1979 Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments
Bridges, Section VII (Parts 1 and 2), Foundations and
Substructure
IRC 83 1987 Standard Specifications and code of practice for Road
Bridges, Section IX - Bearings Part I & II: Bearings (Metallic
and Elastomeric)
IRC 87 Guidelines for the Design and Erection of False Work for
Road Bridges
IRC 89 Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training and
Control Works for Road Bridges
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design Specification

IRC: SP 11 1988 Handbook of Quality Control for Construction of

Roads and Runways
Bureau of Indian Standards Codes
National Building Code

SP 7 1983 Bureau of Indian Standards.
IS 73: 1992 Paving Bitumen
IS 150: ' 1950 Ready mixed paint brushing, finishing stoving for enamel
colour as required
IS 205 1992 Non-ferrous metal Butt Hinges
IS 206 1992 Tee and strap hinges
IS 207 1964 Gate and shutter hooks and eyes
IS 208 1987 Door handles
IS 210 1993 Grey iron castings
IS 215 1995 Road tar
IS 21,7 1988 Cutback Bitumen
IS 269 1989 33 grade Ordinary Portland Cement.
IS 278 1978 Galvanised steel barbed wire for fencing
IS 280 1978 Mild Steel wire for general engineering Purposes
IS 281 1991 Mild Steel sliding door bolts for use with Padlocks
IS 362 1991 Parliament hinges
IS 363 1993 Hasps and staples
IS 383 1970 Coarse and fine aggregates from natural Sources for
concrete
IS432 ... 1982 Mild steel a'nd medium tensile steel bars and hard-drawn
steel wire for concrete reinforcement
(Part 1) Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars
(part 2) Hard-drawn steel wire

IS 453 1993 Double-acting spring hinges
IS 455 1989 Portland slag cement
IS 456 1978 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
IS 457 1957 Code of practice for general construction of plain and
reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures
IS 458 1988 Precast concrete pipes(with and without reinforcement)
IS 459 1992 Corrugated and semi-corrugatedasbestos cement sheets
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design ~pecificat~on 3

1985 Test sieves

1959 Method of test' for strength of concrete
1991 Standard sand for testing cement
1983 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy bars, rods and
sections for general engineering ptirposes
1986 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy sheet and strip for
general engineering purposes
1979 Glazed fire-clay sanitary appliances
(Part 1) General requirements
(Part 2) Specific requirements of Kitchen and laboratory sinks
(Part 3lSec. 1) Specific requirements of Urinals - Slab Urinals
(Part 31Sec. 2) Specific requirements of Urinals - Stall Urinals
1984 Flushing cistern for water closets and urinals
1970 Cast iron brackets and supports for wash basins and sinks
1988 Glazed earthenware wall tiles
1984 Copper Alloy gate, globe and check valves for water works
purposes
1994 Water meters
1984 Sluice valves for water works purposes (50 to 300 mm size)
1984 Cast copper alloy screw down bib taps and stop valves for
water services
1985 Code of practice for laying of concrete pipes
1984 Code of practice for general construction in steel
1991 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of carbon
and carbon manganese steel
1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures
IS 883 1994 , Code of practice for design of structural timberin building
IS 909 1992 Under-ground fire hydrant, sluice valve type
IS 1003 Timber panelled and glazed shutters
(Part 1) 1991 Door shutters
(Part 2) 1994 Window and ventilator shutters
IS 1030 1989 Carbon steel castings f o general
~ engineering purposes
IS 1038 1983 Steel doors, windows qnd ventilators
IS 1077 1992 Common burnt, clay building bricks
IS 1080 1986 Design and construction of shallow foundation in soil(other
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design Specificat~on 4

than raft ring and shell )

1979 Steel tubes for structural purposes
1978 Bitumen mastic for flooring .,
1979 Cast iron rainwater pipes and fittings
1980 Cement concrete flooring tiles

1990 Mild steel tubes, tubular and other wrought steel fittings
(Part 1) Mild steel tubes
(Part 2) Mild steel tubular and other wrought steel pipe fittings
1993 Bitumen felts for water proofing and damp-proofing
1992 Steel butt hinges
1980 Code of practice for Pre-stressed Concrete
1991 Code of practice Waterproofing of roofs with bitumen felts
Railway bronze ingots and casting
Portland Pozzolana Cement.
centrifugally cast (spun) iron pressure 'pipes for water, gas
and sewage
Vertically cast iron pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage
Cast iron fittings for pressure pipes for water, gas and
sewage
Hard-drawn steel wire fabric for concrete reinforcement
Asbestos cement pressure pipes
Copper alloy float values (horizontal plunger type) for water
supply fittings
Cast iron manhole covers and frames
Sand cast iron spigot and socket soil. waste and ventilating
pipes, fitting and accessories
Dimensions for round: and square steel bars for structural
and general engineering purposes
IS 1785 1983 Plain hard-drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete
(Part 1) Cold-drawn stress - relieved wire

(Part 2) As drawn wire..
. .
IS 1786 1985 High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete
reinforcement.
Batch type concrete mix$rs
Specifications for pillar taps for water supply purposes
Hot applied sealing compound for joint in concrete

Contracl CC-34 (UG-5)
Pre-formed fillers for expansion joint in concrete pavements

and structures (non extruding and resilient type)
(Part 1) Bitumen impregnated fibre
1982 Method of load tests on soils
1979 Code of practice for sub surface investigations for
foundations
Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures
Design and construction of foundations in soils General
Requirements
Code of practice for Structural use of unreinforced Masonry
Aluminium doors, windows and ventilators
Aluminium windows for industrial buildinas
Low Tensile Structural steel
Carbon steel forgings for general engineering purposes
Steel for general structural purposes
Ready mixed paint, air-drying, red oxide-zinc chrome,
priming
High tensile steel bars used in prestressed concrete
Code of practice for laying in-situ terrazzo floor finish
Sand for masonry mortars
Code of practice for construction of brick-cum-concrete
composite
Wooden flush door shutters
Automatic flushing cisterns for urinals
Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
Particle size and shape
(Part 2) Estimation of deleterious materials and organic impurities
(Part 3) Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking
(Part 4) Mechanical properties
(Part 5) Soundness
(Part 6) Measuring mortar making properties of fine aggregates
(Part 7) Alkali - aggregate reactivity

(Part 8) Petrographic examination
1969 Methods of sampling of aggregate for concrete
IS 2548 1996 Plastic seats and covers for water closets
DMRCI Volume 4lOutline Design Specification

IS 2556 1994195 Vitreous sanitary appliances

(Part 1) General requirements
(Part 2) Wash-down water closets
(Part 3) Squatting pans
(Part 4) Wash-basins
(Part 5) Laboratory sinks
(Part 6) Urinals and Partition plates
(Part 7) Accessories for sanitary appliances
(Part 8) Pedestal close coupled wash-down and symphonic water
closets
(Part 9) Pedestal type bidets
(Part 14) Integrated squatting pans
(Part i 5 ) Universal water closets
IS 2681 1993 Non-ferrous metal sliding door bolts (aldrops) for use with
padlocks
. .
Burnt - clay for flat terracing Tiles
Ferrules for water services
Methods of Tests for Soils
Recommended practice for welding of mild steel plain and
deformed bars used for reinforced construction
Specification for sluice valves for water works purposes (350
to1200 mm size)
Code of practice for design and construction of pile
foundations
(Part 1) Concrete piles
Section 1 Driven cast -in-situ concrete piles
Section 2 Bored cast-in-situ concrete piles
Section 3 Driven precast concrete piles
Section 4 Bored precast concrete piles
(Part 3) Under-reamed piles
(Part 4) Load test on piles
IS 2950 1981 Code of practice for design and construction of raft
foundations
Code of practice for concrete 'structures for the storage of
liquids
Hydraulically regulated door closers
DMRCl Volume 4lOutline Design Specification

Conlracl CC-34 (UG-5)
IS 3812 1981 Flyash for use as pozzolanas and admixture

IS 3847 1992 Mortice night latches
IS 3955 1967 Code of practice for design and construction of well
foundations
IS 3989 1984 Centrifugally cast (spun) iron spigot and socket soil, waste
and ventilating pipes, fittings and accessories
IS 4082 1996 Recommendations on stacking and storage of construction
materials and components at site
IS 4138 1977 Safety code for working in compressed air
IS 4326 1993 Earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings -
code of practice
IS 4656 1968 Form vibrators for concrete
Hot-dip zinc coatings on mild steel tubes
Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on round steel wires
Concrete batching and mixing plant
Ready mixed concrete
Method for sub surface sounding for soils
Recommendations for detailing of reinforcement in
reinforced concrete works
Code of practice for in-situ permeability tests
Method of test for determining aggregate impact value of soft
coarse aggregate
Method of test for splitting tensile strength of concrete
cylinders
Vibratory plate compactor
Concrete transit mixers and agitators
Specification for indented wire for prestressed concrete
Specification. for uncoated stress relieved strands for
prestressed concrete
Code for designation of aluminium and its alloys
Specification for metal rolling shutters and rolling grills
Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of
shallow foundations
Stainless steel bars and flats
Slotted countersunk head,wood screws
IS 691 1 1992 Stainless steel plate, sheet and strip

1986 Horizontally cast iron double flanged pipes for water, gas
and sewage ,
1974 Hold fast

1974 Safety code for erection of structural steel work
1984 Specifications for plastic flushing cisterns for water closets

and urinals
1974 Method of testing fusion-welded joints in aluminium and
aluminium alloys
1974 Safety code for working with construction machinery
1974 Concrete slump test apparatus
1985 Sliding locking bolts for use with padlocks
1975 Code of practice for extreme weather concreting
(Part 1). For Hot Weather concreting

(Part 2) For Cold Weather concreting
1975 Safety code for handling and storage of building materials
. .
1976 Caiculation of settlement of foundations
Rapid - hardening Portland cement
43 grade ordinary Portland cement
Method of test for determining setting time of concrete by
penetration resistance
Structural steel-micro alloyed (medium and high strength
qualities)
. .
Method of making, curing and determining compressive
strength of accelerated cured concrete test specimens
Admixtures for concrete
Method of test for abrasion resistance of concrete
Recommendations for welding cold worked bars for
reinforced concrete construction .
Recommendations for metal arc welding of carbon and
carbon manganese steels
Polyethylene floats (spherical) for float valves
Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design
Code of practice for field control of moisture and compaction
of soils for embankment and sub grade
IS 10500 1991 Drinking water specification
IS 12269 1987 53 grade ordinary Portland cement
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design Specificat~on

IS 12894: 1990 Fly ash lime bricks

IS 13630: 1994 Ceramic tiles - methods of tests
IS 15388 2003 Specifications for Silica Fume
ASTM Standards
ASTM C-1202 Test methods for Electr~calindication of concrete's ability to resist chloride ion
penetration.
ASTM C-1240 Micro Silica fume In concrete
ASTM D-297 Methods for Rubber Products-Chemical Analysis
ASTM D-395 Compression set of vulcanized rubber
ASTM D-412 Tension testing of vulcanized rubber
ASTM D429 Adhesion of vulcanized rubber to metal
ASTM D-573 Accelerated aging of vulcanized rubber by the oven method
ASTM D-624 Tear resistance of vulcanized rubber
ASTM 0-797 Young's modulus in flexure of elastomer at normal and subnormal
temperature
ASTM D-1075 Effect of water on cohesion of compacted bituminous mixtures
ASTM D- 1143 Test method for piles under static axial comp. test
ASTM D-1149 Accelerated ozone cracking of vulcanized rubber
ASTM D-1556 In-situ density by sand replacement
ASTM D-1559 Test for resistance to plastic flow of bituminous mixtures using Marshall
apparatus
ASTM D-2172 Extraction, quantitative, of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures
ASTM D-2240 Indentation hardness of rubber and plastic by means of a Durometer
ASTM D-3689 Testing method of testing individual piles under static axial tensile load
ASTM D4945 Test method for high strain dynamic testing of piles
ASTM E-I I spe&cation for wire clot'i; sieve for testing purpose
AASHTO Standards
AASHTO M6-81 Fine aggregate for portland cement concrete
AASHTO M31-82 Deformed and plain billet-steel bars for concrete reinforcement
AASHTO M42-81 Rail-steel deformed and plain bars for concrete reinforcement
AASHTO M54-81 Fabricated steel bar or rod mats for coccrete reinforcement
AASHTO M 57-80 Materials for embankments and sub-grades
AASHTO M 81-75 Cut-back asphalt (rapid-curingtype)

AASHTO M 82-75 Cut-back asphalt (medium-curing type)

AASHTO M85-80 Portland cement
AASHTO M 140-80 Emulsified asphalt
AASHTO M 147-67 Materials for aggregate and soil-aggregate sub-base, base and surface
courses
AASHTO M148-82 Liquid membrane-forming compounds for curing concrete
AASHTO M I 54-79 Air-Entraining admixtures for concrete
AASHTO M I 73-60 Concrete joint-sealer, hot-poured elastic type
AASHTO M 194-82 Chemical admixtures for concrete
AASHTO M213-81 Preformed expansion joint fillers for concrete paving and structural construction
AASHTO M 282-80 Joints sealants, hot poured, elastomeric-type, for port-land cement concrete
pavements
AASHTO M 294-70 Fine aggregate for bituminous paving mixtures
AASHTO T22-82 Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
AASHTO T23-80 ~ a k i nand
~ curing concrete compressive and flexural strength test
. -
specimens in the field
AASHTO T26-79 Quality of water to be used in concrete
AASHTO T96-77 , Resistance to abrasion of small size coarse aggregate by use of the Los
Angeles machine
AASHTO T99-81 The moisture-density relations of soils using a 5.5-lb (2.5kg) rammer and a
12-in (305mm) Drop
AASHTO 104-77 Soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate :
AASHTO T176-73 Plastic fines in graded aggregates and soil by use of the sand equivalent test
AASHTO T180-74 The moisture density relations of soils using a 10-lb (4.54kg) rammer and a
18-in (457mrn) Drop
AASHTO T I 82-82 Coating and strippirlg of bitumen-aggregate mixtures
AASHTO T191-61 '. Density of soil In-place by the sand-cone method
BS Standards
BS: 4395 (Part-2) High strength friction grip bolts and associated nuts and washers for
Structural Engineering Higher Grade
BS: 4447 The performance of pre-stressing anchorages for post-tensioned construction
BS: 4486 Hot rolled and hot rolled & processed high tensile alloy steel bars for pre-
tensioning of concrete
BS: 4550 Methods of testing cement
BS:4592 Industrial type metal flooring, walkways and stair treads.
DMRCI Volume 410uUine Desigr~Specification

Contracl CC-34 (UG-5)
BS: 4604 (Part-2) the use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steel work. Higher
grade (parallel shank)
BS: 4870 approval testing of welding procedures
BS: 4871 Approval testing of welders working to approved welding procedures
BS: 4872 Approval testing of welders when welding procedure approval is not required
BS: 5075 Concrete admixtures
BS: 5135 Process of arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels
BS: 5212 (Part-2) Cold poured joint sealants for concrete pavements
BS: 5328 Methods for specifying concrete, including ready mixed concrete
BS: 5400 Steel, concrete and composite bridges
BS: 5400 (Part-4) Code of practice for design of concrete bridges
BS: 5400 (Part-6) Specification for materials and workmanship, steel
BS: 5606 Accuracy in building
BS: 5896 High tensile steel wire and stand for the pre-stressing of concrete
BS: 5950 (Part-2) Specification for materials, fabrication and erection: hot rolled sections
BS: 6105 Corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners
Bs: 6164 Safety in Tunnelling in the construction industry
BS: 6443 Penetrant flaw detection
BS: 6681 Specification for malleable cast iron
BS: 7079 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products
BS: 7542 method of test for curing wmpound for concrete
BS: 81 10 Structural use of concrete
BS: 8301 (Section-5) Code'of practice for building drainage
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
American Petroleum Industry (API) Standard 1104
Indian Standard Hand Book on steel sections Part-l
Indian Railway Manual on Design and Construction of well and pile foundations
UICff72-R The International Union of Railways Publication
ClRlA Report 80 A review of instruments for gas and dust monitoring underground
ClRlA Report 81 Tunnel Water proofing
ClRlA Report 44 model code of practice for work ~ncompressed air
ClRlA Report C660 Early age thermal crack control In concrete

ClRlA Report 91 Early age thermal crack control in concrete
Swedish standard 05 59 00
PC1 STD-112-84
CRRl and IOC, New Delhi Bituminous Road Construction Hand Book
MORTH -Specifications
CPWD-Specifications
DMRCl Volume 4lOutline Design Specification

Section 1.2 - GEOMETRIC DESIGN CRITERIA
RAILWAY ALIGNMENTS
1.2.1 General
1.2.1.1 The horizontal and vertical alignments of the railway are given in the Drawings as listed in Tender
Drawings, Volume 6 of Tender Documents.
1.2.1.2 The Corltractor shall design the civil engineering works to these alignments. However, subject to
the provisions of the Contract, changes to the given alignments may be permitted to suit the
specific characteristics of his design at no extra cost to the employers subject to prior approval of
the Engineer.
1.2.1.3 While fixing the design alignment of tunnel, due care of the cant to be provided on curves shall be
taken.
1.2.2 Minor Deviation in Alignment
Minor deviation horizontal/vertical alignment may be permitted with prior approval of the Engineer
subject to conditions stipulated in Para 3.2 of Employer's requirements - Functional.

Section 1.3- RAILWAY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1.3.1 General
1.3.1.I The Railway Envelope is defined as the extent of works to be constructed to allow installation and
operation of the railway equipment.
1.3.1.2The Contractor shall be responsible for the design, of a first stage primary concrete in the bored
tunnel. The Track work Contractor will undertake the design of the secondary concrete, track
slabs and track work to conform to the design.
1.3.1.3The design of all railway operating equipment, including signals and signalling cables, the traction
power electrification equipment, telecommunication links, etc. that are required for the railway will
be undertaken by others under contracts with the Employer.
1.3.1.4The requirement for interfacing with Designated Contractors are defined in Volume 3,Employer's
Requirements, Appendix 2D. The Contractor will design, provide and install cable ductslconduits,
hangers and cable trays for the Designated Contractors' equipment. The extent and detail of
such provisions are to be determined by the Contractor through interface co-ordination with the
Designated Contractor.
1.3.1.5Setting out
The Contractor shall provide permanent survey monuments and shall provide full details of co-
ordinates and levels to the Track work Contractor.
1.3.1.6Second pour concrete
The Track work Contractor will carry out the second pour concrete for the track work. In this
regard, the Contractor shall include location and design of starter bars, stirrups and rough surface
in the primary concrete pour to facilitate anchorage of the second pour concrete if so required.
The Contractor shall design drainage pipes, channels and catch basinslsumps to be in the first
pour or structural concrete.
1.3.2 Railway Cross Sections and Structure Gauges
1.3.2.1 The Kinematic Envelope for the rolling stock of the railway, and Structure Gauges for straight and
curved track will be confirmed by the Engineer.
13.2.2 The Tunnel design shall ensure that the proposed size is,adequate to contain the equipment,
required under Clause 1.3.1 above, outside the Structure Gauge.
1.3.3 Clearances
Structures shall not infringe the clearances specified. See also Clause 1.3.2.2above.

Section 1.4 - DESIGN LIFE AND SERVICEABILITY

I-
1.4.1 General
Clauses 1.4.2 to 1.4.6 below define the design life and serviceability requirements for the various
elements of the structures.
c
The design life of a structure is that period for which it is designed to fulfil its intended function @2
when inspected and maintained in accordance with agreed procedures. The assumption of a
design life for a structure or component does not necessarily mean that the structure will no
c
longer be fit for its purpose at the end of that period. Neither will it necessarily continue to be f-, ,
serviceable for that length of time without adequate and regular inspection and routine
maintenance.All Design Life criteria shall be confirmed.
'-\
1.4.2 Civil Engineering Structures According TO Relevant Codes but not less than :
Underground civil structures 120 yrs.
Above ground building structures .. 50 yrs.
Asphaltic pavements .. 15 yrs.
Concrete pavement .. 25 yrs.

Tunnel Walkways .. 20 yrs.
Steel Paintwork Systems .. 05 yrs.
Non structural components .. 30 yrs.
Waterproofing membrane .. 10 yrs.

Adequate measures shall be taken to ensure minimum of 120 years serviceability of civil
structures, producing durable concrete with Micro silica (Or other suitable admixtures) that shall
be tested for impermeability according to DIN 1048 and ability to resist chloride ion penetration
according to ASTM C 1202. Water permeability shall not be more than 10 mm and RCPT value
shall not exceed 1000 coulombs.
The minimum Cement content in concrete under water shall not be less than 400 Kg per cum.
Micro silica shall conform to ASTM C 1240, latest edition and/or IS 15388:2003. Additionally,
Microsilica from sources of proven credentials of use in major infrastructure projects shall only be
- permitted. Further, such-Microsilica shall be procured only from manufacturers having own
production facilities andlor those who' have bonafide process controls over the production. All
sources for Microsilica shall be approved by Engineer. Nothing extra is payable to the Contractor
in case of addition of Micro silica or any cementitious material in the approved Design Mix to
achieve the specified parameters / proportions of concrete specified in contract or as proposed by
contractor to meet his design parameters.
Contractor is expected to submit a report demonstrating, the approach in design, construction 8,

selection of material so as to achieve 120 years design life.
1.4.3 Deleted
1.4.4 Minimum Concrete Cover

1 Element Cover (mm)

I
Durability ' Fire Protection
Diaphragm Walls, Bored Piles -
Station Box Roof Slab -

Top
I Soffit
Station Box Base Slab
TOP
Slabs
TOP
I Soffit
I Beams
Side Soffit
I Columns
1 Internal face of water tank

walls
1. Cover is clear cover to ill reinforcement including links.
2. For simply supported slabs increase cover by 10mm
3. For simply supported beams increase cover by 20 mm

4. Allowance has been made in the durability covers above for construction tolerances.
1.4.5 Serviceability of Civil and Building Works
1.4.5.1 (Not Used) ,

1.4.5.2 Paint systems for steelwork shall ensure a minimum life of 5 years before full
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design Specification 17

maintenance painting is required.

1.4.5.3 The corrosion protection of non-structural steel items shall be appropriate to the
accessibility of the item for inspection and maintenance.
Section 1.5 - LOADS AND REQUIREMENTS

RAILWAY LIVE LOADS
1.5.1 General
The railway loading applied to structures on the Project shall be as per "Modern rolling stock"
type, with the two following axle configurations as in figure 1.5.1. Dead loads shall be used that
are in accordance with IRS Bridge Rules and IS 456 (for buildings) and IS 875-1 for unit weights
of materials.
1.5.2 Nominal Loads
Note that the loading due to Rolling Stock may be modified after the proposed rolling stock design
has been finalised. The design vehicle is shown in Figure ,I
.5.1.
For the purpose of computing stresses anti deformations, the following loads and consequential
effects shall be taken into account as applicable.
. .
Dead loads DL
Live loads LL
Dynamic effects Dl
Forces due to curvature or eccentricity of track CF
Temperature effects T
Longitudinal forces LF
Racking forces RF
Forces on parapets
Wind ,pressure effect WL
, Earth Pressure EP
Water Pressure WP
-.
Forces and effect due to earthquake EQ
Erection forces and effects DEL
Buoyancy B
Differential settlement DS
1.5.3 Loading Combinations

Each component of the structure shall be designedlchecked for all possible combinations of these
loads and forces as per IS 456 and BS-8110 and lntirnational Tunnelling Association (ITA)
guidelines and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design Specification

(AASHTO) LRFD guidelines. They shall resist the effect of the worst combination.
FIGURE 1.5.1 "MODERN ROLLING STOCK LOADING FOR THE METRO CORRIDOR
22100 mm - One Car
All axle loads = 17 tons

Maximum number of successive cars = 6
Configuration (alternative - Ij
a = 2250 mm
b = 2500 mm
c = 12600 mm ------------ (2a+2b+c = 22100 mm)

Configuration (alternative - 2)
a = 2605 mm
b = 2290 mm
c = 12310 mm ------------ (2a+2b+c = 22100 mm)
1.5.4 Design Loads
Design shall include the effects of:
Static Loading: These shall consist of loads due to:
Track: Load due to 60 Kg (LIIC) rails and guard rail and fittings
Track bed: RCC blocks or concrete pour or precast slabs in RCC with inserts and fittings in
case of ballastless track (450 to 600 mm thick).or PSC sleepers over 2501300 mm of ballast
for ballasted track.
Other loads: As per Indian Railway Standards (IRS) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Fatigue Loading:
The nominal loading for the design of members in accordance with BS 5400: Part 10 shall
comprise trains with six individual cars each heving four axles, the axle loads and vehicle
lengths will be provided by the Rolling Stock Supplier. The fatigue loading shall be
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design Specification 19

applied in accordance with the requirements of BS 5400: Part 10 in conjunction with the
projected annual tonnage's of rail traffic per track.
Dynamic Loading:
Coefficient o f Dynamic Impact (CDA): lmpact factor for longitudinal analysis shall be 1.2 while
for transverse analysis the same shall be 1.67.
Dynamic loading shall not be applied to piles, pile caps, centrifugal loads or
brakingltraction loads.
Longitudinal Loads:
Longitudinal loads from braking and traction shall be 18% and 20% of live load per track.
When a structure carries two tracks, both tracks shall be considered to be occupied
simultaneously. Traction forces shall act on one track and braking forces acting on the
other, with both acting in the same direction simultaneously to produce the worst loading
condition.
Longitudinal forces acting on the track shall be considered to be dispersed through the
track before being transmitted to the substructure. This shall be calculated based on IRS
Bridge Rules, IS Codes and relevant BS Codes. . ... -
Provision shall be made for effect of horizontal and longitudinal forces in the rail,
especially in the girders with ballastless deck.
Additional permissible stresses while considering this contingency will be proposed by the
Contractor for review by the Engineer. Forces shall be calculated for continuous welded
rail with a rail structure interaction resulting from temperature differential of rail and
concrete.
Longitudinal forces shall consider the effects on stability and safety arising from a broken
rail in ballastless track.
Centrifugal load
Train Derailment Load:
As per latest Design Code ACI 358.1R-92, for derailment check, derailment load
corresponds to the application of 50% of one coach weight, applied horizontally as a 5m
long uniform impact load. This 'DR" -load corresponds to an ULS load. For SLS
combinations (Group V), a 111.75 coefficient will be applied to the DR load.
1.5.5 Wind Loading:

Wind loading will only apply to above ground structures. Calculation of Wind Load is based on IS-
875 (Part 3) - 1987.
The minimum design wind pressure to be used is:
I
1.5.6 Temperature Loading
(Not used)

1.5.7. Seismic Loading

Seismic effects shall be considered on all structures. Other details for seismic design shall
conform with IS 1893 and guidelines mentioned below. Racking Force parameters elaborated in
Annexure-'A' attached with the Outline Design Specification (ODs) are for guidance only to
elaborate method. Properties of soil etc. shall be adopted after due investigation as agreed by
Engineer.
1.5.7.1 Guidelines:
1. For all buried structures an incremental dynamic load should be applied using the methods
outline in Section 1.5.7.2. For the purposes of implementing this method a design seismic
coefficient of 0.1 125 shall be adopted at ground level linearly reducing to 0.056 at 30 m depth as
permitted by Code. These coefficients already include the Importance Factor of 1.5 required.
2. Perform a seismic racking analysis using the procedures outlined in Annexure-I based on an
Operating Design Earthquake (ODE) level event.
3. Consider the worst case loading condition from 1 and 2 to produce an envelope of seismic effects
on the structure. Combine these effects with other appropriate design loads using the load
combinations suggested in Section 1.5.3.
4. As it is not specifically required by the IS 1893 or ODs, a seismic racking analysis for a higher
level (MDE) event need not be undertaken.
5. Owing to the fact that the design level earthquake implied in the Indian Code and ODs is likely to
be exceeded, ductility reinforcement in accordance with the provisions of IS 13920 is considered
necessary to ensure adequate performance during a severe earthquake event.
6. In preparing specifications for backfilling beside cut-and-cover structures attention needs to be

paid to method of compaction to ensure the seismic performance of these structures is not
adversely affected.
7. On the basis of the lower level design earthquake implied in the Indian Code and ODs it is
considered that rigid connections at transitions and interfaces are adequate. Such connections
should be designed for the axial loads likely to be developed during seismic ground motions and
should be detailed in a ductile manner.
1.5.7.2 INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC LOADS ON BURIED STRUCTURES
1.5.7.2.1 General Solutions for Retaining Walls ,

Wood (Earthquake Induced Soil Pressures on Structures") proposed elastic dynamic solutions for above
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design Specification 21

ground ring degrees of flexibility. Based in this work it has been shown that for very flexible walls
where the deflection exceeds approximately.0.5 % of the height of the wall the solution of
dynamic pressures tends towards those suggested by Mononobe and Okabe which were based
on the assumption that a full active wedge develops behind the wall. For buried structures it is
unlikely that such an active wedge will form and it is therefore recommended that solutions based
on rigid retaining walls as developed by Wood are used. The Bulletin of The New Zealand
National Society for Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 13, No. 3) recommends that for buried
structures with depths of fill less than or equal to the depth of the tunnel that the seismic load
increment be calculated based on the pressure distributions shown in Fig 7.1. The dynamic
increment should be added to static earth pressure loads based on at-rest soil pressures in
addition to water pressures and other imposed loads using appropriate load combinations given
in Section 1.5.3.
f' = Weight Densityof % i l ( ~ ~ / m ' j

C, = Seismic Coefficient
Fig 7.1- Elastic Dynamic Earth Pressure Increment for Rigid Retaining Walls
1.5.7.2.2 Application to Buried Structures
The dynamic load increment should be considered in the design of underground structures in
such a way as to increase the earth pressure acting on each side of the structure so that the
forces are in equilibrium. This load combination is therefore only used to establish the local
effects of dynamic earthquake loads and not to determine the racking behavior of the structure. It
is recommended that racking behavior be considered using the free-field deformation approach
discussed in Appendix 1.
Given that IS 1893 permits reduction of the seismic coefficient with depth with the values 30m
depth being half the value at the surface level it is considered appropriate to adopt an average
seismic coefficient, C, , for calculating the dynamic incremental load. This average value should
be based on the value at a level HI3 from the top of the tunnel where H = Depth of tunnel. Thus if
the tunnel is 6m high with 5m if soil cover then the appropriate seismic coefficient used in
calculating the dynamic earth pressure increment is the value corresponding to 5+6/3 = 7m below
the ground level. Interpolating between the value of 0.1 125 at the ground level and 0.056 at 30m
depth results in an average seismic coefficient in this ease, C,= 0.099.
Where cover depths over the tunnels are significantly greater than the height of the tunnel

alternative methods of analysis for obtaining the dynamic earthquake load shall be used
Ground Surface
. .. - ........ .. .- ..- ~ .--. . .- . - . - ---- - ... . - . ... . . ... . -
: .. ..-,,-... ~.
.
' 1..
0.5CoyH
Fig 7.2 - Dynamic Load Increment on Buried Structures
1.5.8 Erection Forces and Effects
The weight of all permanent and temporary materials together with all other forces and effects
which can operate on any part of structure during erection shall be taken into account. Allowance
shall be made in the design for stresses caused in any member during erection.
1.5.9. Shrinkage and Creep
Provision shall be made for the effects of shrinkage and creep of the concrete in the structure.
Guidelines in ClRlA (Early Age Thermal Crack Control in Concrete) and BS 8007 may be
followed.
1.5.10 Differential Settlement
Consideration of the forces resulting from differential settlement shall be made where the nature
of the chosen foundation system and the ground conditions indicate that such a condition may
arise. Where soil analysis is not carried out the following settlement values between adjacent
supports shall be adopted:
a 10 mm Long Term Settlement
-.
a 5 mm Short Term Settlement
1.5.11 Not used
1.5.12 Live Loads i n Stations
Live loads shall generally follow the requirements of National Building Code and IS 875, except
where the loadings given below are more severe.
Platforms and Ticket Hall 5.0k~/m', or a concentrated load of 15kN on a square area of
300mm side, whichever is more onerous (see note 1 & 2
below).
DMRCI Volume 41OuUine Design Specification

Conlract CC-34 (UG-5)
Staff Rooms, Toilets, Offices 2.5k~/m'
Store Rooms 5.0k~/m~ .
Plant Room According to self-weight of machines plus 5 kPa elsewhere(for

PD use 10.0kPa throughout for store rooms)
Tunnel Walkway (600mm wide)- 2.5 kPa Public Areas :5kPa
Other areas not open to public :3kPa
SERVICES BUILDING
Fire & Water Storage Tank :20.0kPa LL(+0.3m Overfill)
Potable water tank :25.0kPa LL(+0.3m overfill)
Fire pump room :7.5 kPa LL <+2,5kPeSDL)
Chiller Room : 10.0kPa LL (+2.5kPa SDL)

Chilled water pump room : as for chiller room
Water Pump room : as for chiller room
Generator Room : 15.OkPa LL (+2.5 kPa SDL)
Concrete roof over rooms : 1.5 kPa LL (+2.5 kPa SDL)
Cooling tower slab 10.0 kPa LL (+2.5 kPa SDL)
TRACTION SUBSTATION BUILDING:
Basement Cable Room : 5.0 kPa LL

Transformer room : 20.0 kPa LL (+5.0 kPa SDL)
Battery Room : 10.0 kPa LL (+2.5 kPa SDL)
Loading Bay Area : 20.0 kPa LL
First Floor : 10.0 kPa LL (+2.5 kPa SDL)
Roof : 1.5 kPa LL (+2.5 kPa SDL)
Constructioil Load (on tunnel & station box) : 10 kPa on concourse level with no finishes
allowance, with 2 kPa on roof slab and loads from temporary
deck (dead load+ live load)
Traffic live load (on tunnel & station box) : 20 kPa (fill depth greater than 1.3m,otherwise
also check for design vehicle of a 70 tonne tank over an area
of 2.9mX 3.6m
r

--
Circulation space within:-
(i) Control rooms 3.0kN/m2
(ii) Plant rooms 5.0kN/m2
1.5.13 Loads due to Equipment
Self weights of various equipment listed below shall be considered
Equipment
-
1. 33 kV Switch board
(1 No./substation)
2. 415 V Switch board
(No. according to design)
3. AC Switch board (1 No.)
4. Aux. Services Transformers
(Accord. Employer's Requirements)
5. Inverter (1 No. if installed) and Batteries
A minimum 10 kPa udl has to be applied, unless individual loads exceed this.
-
Note : 1) The design of the station structure shall take into account the dimensions and weights of the
actual equipment to be used.
2) In the design of the station structure due account shall be taken of all loadings resulting from
the method and route to be taken for the installation and subsequent removal and
replacement of the various items of plant and equipment.
1.5.14 Air Pressure
From trains entering and leaving stations:

- 1.5 kPa at tunnel entrance and through platform
- 1.5 kPa in tunnel ventilation shafts and plenums
- 0.5 kPa elsewhere

CONTRACT NO: CC-34 (UG-5)

TENDER DOCUMENTS
VOLUME -4
SECTION 2
GEOTECHNICAL, FOUNDATIONS AND TUNNEL WORKS
DMRCNolume-410utline Design Specification

Contract CC-34 IUG-5)
SECTION 2
OUTLINE DESIGN CRITERIA
GEOTECHNICAL, FOUNDATIONS AND TUNNEL WORKS
Section 2.1 - GENERAL, STANDARDS AND CODES
2.1 .I.Purpose and Scope
The purpose of this section of these Design Criteria is to establish the minimum
requirements for geotechnical site investigations, studies, analyses, and preparation of
geotechnical reports and the design recommendations for earthworks, foundations,
structures, and substructure design, and the design for bored and cut and cover tunnels for
the Delhi MRTS.
"Geotechnical works" shall mean foundations, earthworks, deep excavations, slopes.
embankments and earth retaining structures.
The Contractor shall be responsible for determining for his design purposes the Geology and
the Geotechnical parameters of the sub-surface strata along the route.
The Employer will make available to the Contractor, for information only, the Geotechnical
Investigation Report prepared by others. The accuracy or reliability of these reports supplied
by the Employer or Engineer in connection with the contract is not warranted. These shall be
supplemented as necessary by additional boreholes as required by the Contractor.
2.1.2 Codes, Standards, and Regulations
The principal'standards listed below shall be complied with. as amended by these Criteria.
The version of the standards, codes, and regulations shall be the latest version and with latest
amendments.
Indian Standards
SP 36 (Part 1) Compendium of lndian Standards on Soil Engineering
(Laboratory Testing)
SP 36 (Part 2) Compendium of Indian Standards on Soil Engineering (Field
Testing)
IS 1080 (986)
I Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Shallow
Foundations on Soils.
IS 1200 (Part I ) Methodology of measuiement of Building and Civil
Engineering Works.
IS 1892 Code of practice for Sub surface investigations for
foundations.
IS 1904 Design and construction of foundations in soils - General
Requirements
IS 2386 Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete.
(Part 1 to Part 8) 1963 I
IS 2720 Method of Test of Soils
DMRCl Volume 4lOutline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

IS 2911 (Part 1) 1979 : Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Pile
Foundations. '
IS 3067 (1988) Code of Practice for General Design Details and Preparatory
Work for Damp-Proofing and Water-Proofing of Buildings.
British Standards Institution
BS 812: 1985/1988 : Testing Aggregates (Parts 117 to 119)
BS 1377: 1990 Methods of Test for Civil Engineering Purposes (Parts 1 to

9).
BS 5930: 1981 Code of Practice for Site Investigations.
BS 6031 : 1981 Code of Practice for Earthworks.
BS 6349: 1991 Code of Practice for Dredging and Land Reclamation.
BS 8000 (Part 4) 1989 : Code of Practice for Waterproofing.
BS 8000 (Part 5) 1989 : Code of Practice for Below Ground Drainage.
BS 8002 (1994) Code of Practice for Earth Retaining Structures.
BS 8004 (1986) Code of Practice for Foundations.

BS 8081 (1989) Code of Practice for Ground Anchorages.
Standard Method of Measurement for Civil Engineering Works, Edition 1, 4/92.

Others
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Section 4 : Construction, Volume 04.08 :
Soil and Rock I, and Volume 04.09 : Soil and Rock 11,1995.
International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM), Suggested Test Methods. (various dates).
Tunnelling
All aspects of tunnelling shall comply with the requirements of:
BS 6164 Safety in tunnelling in the construction industry.
ClRlA Report 80A A review of instruments for gas and dust monitoring underground.
ClRlA Report 44 Medical Code of Practice for working in compressed air.
In his design the Contractor shall take adequate measures to minimise the amount of local
differential settlement of road surfaces around below ground level works.
The slopes of all permanent cuttings and excavations shall be so designed that they are
capable of supporting vegetation and shall be stabilised where necessary. In particular, soil
slopes shall be hydroseeded or turfed. Where necessary, soil slopes shall be pitched with
stones or brick on edge.
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design Specification/Geotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSect~on-2

Section 2.2 - SITE INVESTIGATIONS AND

LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
2.2.1 General Conditions
Subsurface Conditions
Regional engineering geology aspects for the area of the Rail alignments are generally
documented by the Geological Survey of India.
Seismic Conditions
Detailed, seismic loading and ground-accelerat~oncriteria are discussed under Structural, of
these Design Criteria. Consideration of design-level seismic forces in the design of temporary
structures is generally not required, except that such designs shall ensure public safety and
cause no loss or damage to adjacent projects or properties.
The effects of the design seismic event on the stability of slopes and on the potential for
liquefaction of soils shall be taken into account in the design.
Investigation Requirements
Existing information shall be supplemented with project-specific site investigations (SI). The
intent and objectives of the SI shall be to collect all pertinent and reliable data and information
required to produce a safe and economic design and to meet tender and construction
requirements.
For the purpose of these Criteria, the term SI shall be considered to include, but not be limited
to, the following.
Compiling and reviewing pertinent existing geologic data.
Compiling and reviewing pertinent existing geotechnical data supplied and from adjacent
projects.
Compiling and reviewing pertinent existing foundation, structure, substructure, and related
data from adjacent projects.
Performing a detailed field reconnaissance.
Performing geophysical surveys.
Performing ground investigations that include, but are not limited to drilling, soil sampling,
rock coring, groundwater sampling, in-situ field installations and testing, trial pits,
geophysical surveys, slope protection strippings, and coreholes of retaining walls and
other existing manmade structures.
Performing laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater samples collected from the
ground investigations (including chemical testing to identify potentially corrosive
-conditions).
As a minimum, the soils investigation programme shall consider the locations and lateral
and vertical extent of: I
Major structures (viaducts, bridge and crossing structures, bored tunnels, cut-and-cover
tunnels, portal structures, retaining structures, stations, commercial developments,
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSedion -2 24

ancillary structures, etc.).

Earthworks (soil and rock excavations, embankment fills, land reclamations, areas
requiring ground improvement, borrow pits and areas, disposal areas, etc.).
Existing adjacent structures that may be influenced by proposed construction works (i.e.,
structures -adjacent to, above, or below excavations or tunnels - that may be affected by
construction works such as dewatering or blasting; structures deemed to have poor
structural integrity; structures containing sensitive equipment or materials; structures with
historiclcultural significance, etc.).
Significant engineering geology features that may influence the proposed construction
works (i.e., principal faults, shear zones, persistent joint~ng;mass wasting, landslips).
Ground investigations, as part of a comprehensive soils investigation programme, shall be
conducted according to IS1892 or BS 5930.
The depths of investigation borings shall be consistent with the nature and extent of the
proposed construction works.
All aspects of the work shall be conducted under the direction of qualified geotechnical
personnel. Detailed plans, technical specifications, and standard forms, outlining the
proposed staffing and reporting formats, and indicating the types, locations, and proposed
depths of investigations relative to the proposed construction works shall be prepared and
submitted for review and acceptance prior to undertaking the work. Revisions to the SI
programme, if required, shall be submitted for review and acceptance.
All Consultant-produced ground-investigation data shall be prepared up to internationally
accepted standards using Association of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Specialists
(AGS) format or equivalent and Geotechnical Integrator (GINT) software, latest versions. All
data shall be provided in both printed and electronic file formats.
2.2.3. Investigation Methods
Geologic Studies
Geologic studies shall include, but not be limited to, a review of pertinent and existing
literature, aerial photographs, and remote-sensing data; a detailed field reconnaissance of the
site; and preparation of project-specific maps and cross-sections.
Project-specific geologic maps shall be prepared at about 1:5,000 scale, and geologic cross-
. sections shall be prepared at about 1:5,000 scale, both horizontal and vertical. Suitable base
maps for geologic maps shall be utilised.
Geophysical Surveys ..
Geophysical surveys shall be accomplished where appropriate to provide additional site-

specific information on depths and characteristics of overburden soils and bedrock.
Geophysical survey methods may be used to obtain subsurface information for planning other
detailed SI studies, and for extending information between investigations.
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpeciticationlGeotechnical,Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

Exploratory Drill holes

Exploratory drilling in soil and rock, disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling, and rock coring
shall be performed according to procedures outlined in IS 1892 or BS 5930. Full-time
monitoring by qualified geotechnical personnel is required not only to direct the drilling,
sampling, and coring, but also to prepare field drill hole records.
Other Ground-Investigation Methods
Other ground-investigation methods commonly employed include, but are not limited to, the
following:
Field testing: Standard Penetration, cone penetration, vane shear, pressuremeter,
permeabilitylwater absorption, impression packerldiscontinuitysurvey, acoustic borehole
imaging, insitu density, N-Schmidt hammer, plate load testing.
Field instrumentation: piezometers, inclinometers.
Trial pits withlwithout block sampling.
Inspection pits.
Geocore probes.
. Hand auger borings.
Coring through rock, retaining walls or other manmade features.
Slope protection stripping.
Pumping tests.
Groundwater sampling.
Groundwater
Piezometers shall be installed during ground investigations to measure current and seasonal
fluctuations in groundwater levels. The S1 programme shall incorporate the details of a
groundwater observation plan, including locations and details of piezometer installations and
frequency and duration of observations. . It should also include chemical analysis of ground
water. Full-scale groundwater pumping tests shall be conducted to develop design
parameters for construction dewatering schemes, where required. For additional Criteria
related to construction dewatering refer to Subsections 2.9.5.
( 2nd Para Deleted) "
LABORATORY TESTING METHODS

2.2.4 General Methods
The laboratory testing programme shall be developed considering not only the particular site
conditions and project requirements, but also the applicable design standards, codes.
regulations, and related publications as identified in Subsection 2.1.2. Prior to undertaking
the work, detailed planslproposals for the laboratory testing programme shall be prepared and
submitted for acceptance along with technical specifications and standard forms, outlining the
proposed staffing and reporting formats and the types and numbers of tests proposed.
Revisions to the laboratory testing programme, if required, shall be submitted for review and
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpeciticationlGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2
\
acceptance.
All Consultants-produced laboratory test data shall be prepared using internationally accepted
standards e.g. AGS format, latest version. All data shall be provided in both printed and
electronic file formats. All testing shall be conducted by laboratories holding current
accreditation under International Standards OrganisationIBureau of Indian Standards.
2.2.5 lndexlClassification Testing of Soil Samples
All indexlclassification test procedures for soils shall comply with the requirements of IS
2720lBS 1377. Tests shall include the determination of natural moisture content, specific
gravity, particle size distribution (with and without hydrometer), Atterberg limits, insitu bulk and
dry density, and dry density and moisture content relationships.
2.2.6 Strength Testing of Soil Samples
Strength-test procedures for soils shall include single- and multi-stage, consolidated-drained
and consolidated-undrained triaxial tests; unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests; laboratory
vane shear tests; and pocket shearmeter tests, all according to IS 2720 (Part 11). Unconfined
compressive strength testing for soils shall be according to IS 2720 (Part 10)IASTM D2166,
and consolidated drained direct shear testing shall be according to IS 2720 (Part 13)lASTM
D3080.
2.2.7 Consolidation Testing of Soil Samples
Consolidation. test procedures for soils shall be based on one-dimensional, consolidation
methods according to ARE 2720 (Part 14) or Clause 3 of BS 1377: Part 5, with some minor
modifications as accepted.
2.2.8 Permeability Testing of Soil Samples
Laboratory test procedures of soil permeability shall include constant-head permeability
methods for granular soils, generally according to IS 2720 (Part 17 or 36) or ASTM D2434,
and variable-head permeability methods for cohesive soils, generally according to Soil Testing
for Engineers by T. William Lambe. Permeability of insitu materials shall be measured by
constant-head or variable-head methods, using standpipe piezometers installed during the
ground-investigation programme.
2.2.9 Chemical iesting o f Soil and Groundwater Samples
.. ..
Chemical te'st'"'p@cP;dures' foi" 's6ilP' an&-.?groundwater. shall include, as appropriate:
determinations of resistivity, redox potential, pH, chloride ion content, sulphate ion content,
total sulphate content, total sulphide content, organic content, and carbonate content.
according to IS 2720 or BS 1377 or BS 812, or both, and identification of other potentially
corrosive conditions.
2.2.10 Testing of Rock Specimens
All rock testing shall be according to IS or ISRM suggested methods. Tests shall include the
determination of natural moisture content, porosity, density, adsorption, unconfined
compressive and tensile strength, strength of rock joints, mineralogy, and special tunnel
*
boring machine (TBM) boreability testing.
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical,Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

Section 2.3 - (Not Used)

Section 2.4 -- (Not Used)
Section 2.5- (Not Used)
Section 2.6 - (Not Used)

Section 2.7 - BORED TUNNELS
GENERAL
2.7.1 Method Statement
The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Engineer for his consent, a detailed design
report including calculations, schedules and drawings for tunnel construction, prior to the
commencement of such works. Additional information shall be supplied upon request of the
The Engineer. The Report shall explain the basis of the design, design assumptions, and
design parameters of all civil and structural works to be undertaken.
The Contractor shall prepare a method statement presenting full details of the design, the
materials, equipment, plant and operations involved in the construction of bored and cut-and-
cover tu~lnelsand submit io i h Engines;
~ as part of the Design Report. The Contractor shall
ensure that ground movements and changes to the piezometric pressure which may affect
adjacent railway tracks, subway, utility services and any adjacent buildings, surface or
underground structures are kept to a minimum.
2.7.2 Types and General Methods of Analyses
The running tunnels shall comprise twin single-track tunnels minimum one tunnel diameter
(external) apart. This Criterion may not apply in areas of poor ground, where greater clear
distances may be necessary.
The top of rail alignment is shown on the Tender plan and profile drawings. Tunnels shall be
either circular or horseshoe shape depending on the method of construction chosen.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the safety and security of excavations at all times
during the execution of the Contract. The Contractor shall present to the Engineer details of
his proposed methods for excavation, and spoil removal. No excavation shall take place until
the Employer Representative's consent has been obtained.
Excavation shall be carried out in a uniform and controlled manner, over-cutting shall be kept
to a minimum. In water-bearing strata the Contractor shall use such methods and take such
steps as are necessary to control flows and maintains the stability of the excavation.
Where the Contract specifies limits to surface settlement and/or protection i n respect of
existing service or structures, the Contractor shall provide calculations demonstrating that the
method of excavation will result in compliance with those requirements. Details of the
monitoring arrangements that are proposed for the recording of movements and the
verification of the degree of any settlement or damage to services'or structures shall be in
accordance with Standard.
Bored tunnels for the Metro Corridor will be in rock and soil and will be excavated mainly
using tunnel boring machines. Initial tunnel support will generally include precast concrete
segments, shotcretelwire mesh, rock bolts, lattice girders, steel sets, or forepoles wherever
necessary.
Geometries and stability of rock wedges affecting ltunnel support requirements, including
completely /highly weathered rock with controlling remnant rock jointing or other structure,
shall be determined analytically, generally using stereographic projection, finite element
Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSect~on-2

DMRCl Volume 4lOutl1neDesign Speuficat~onlGeotechn~cal. 29
method or vector methods. Analyses shall consider planar sliding along individual joints and
block sliding, or fallout, along joint-set combinations. Analyses shall provide for both static
and dynamic loading conditions.
Design Considerations
An ultimate load limit state method such as IS 456 or British Standard 8110 shall be used for
the design of all permanent underground concrete structures.
The method of analysis of the permanent lining shall take into account the proximity to the
face at the time of installation and the potential for additional ground loads as the face
advances.
The design method for the analysis of the bored tunnel linings shall take into account the
interaction between the lining and the ground, the deflection of the lining and the redistribution
of the loading dependent upon the relative flexibility of the lining, the variability and
compressibility of the ground. The method of analysis shall confirm Compressibility of the
ground, durability aspects that shall include impermeability, electrical resistivity of concrete,
ASR resistance and sulphate resistance to the guidelines of the International standards.
Where permanent secondary lining is installed inside a temporary primary lining, the ground
loads used in permanent lining design shall consider all loads as described in Subsection
2.7.4 and any additional ground loads from time-dependent ground strains. If the life of the
temporary lining is less than the design life for the Project then the Contractor shall design the
secondary lining ignoring the contribution of the temporary support for structural purposes.
Due account' shall be taken of the degree of flexibility of the linings to be used in the various
soil conditions and taking account of the size, prox.imity, timing and method of construction of
adjacent excavations. The inherent lining flexibility may have to be reduced in order to
maintain acceptable values for the deflection of the lining.
The soil investigation undertaken by the Employer shall not be relied upon to provide
adequate information concerning the nature of the ground to enable the Contractor to fully
develop comprehensive method statements for tunnelling works and tunnel related activities.
In preparing his designs and method statements the Contractor shall carry out his own
assessment of the adequacy of the available geotechnical information, and shall indicate
where he considers such information to be deficient having regard to the particular works or
activities'to which the design or method statement relates.
The Contractor shall at his own expense conduct further soil investigations where his designs
or method statements identify that it is necessary or prudent to do so to enable him to identify
all foreseeable circumstances which may affect the execution of the works and to ensure that
there is no likelihood of meeting unexpected conditions of a critical nature.
If the Contractor intends to carry out additional ground investigation from the surface, beyond
the limits of the worksite, he shall make his own arrangements with landowners and occupiers
for the necessary access. He shall not assume that such access will necessarily be granted,
although the Engineer will provide assistance where it appears that this would be beneficial.
If surface access for ground investigation is not available, or if for any other reason there is a
significant likelihood of encountering geological hazards whose location is unknown, the
Contractor shall identify in his method statements the means by which such hazards will be
found as construction proceeds. The Contractor shall also identify how his tunnel design and
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationIGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorksISection -2 30

construction activities will be modified to recognise the deficiency of ground information prior
to tunnel driving.
During tunnel driving ground investigation data shall be kept under constant review and
reinterpreted as more detailed information becomes available, to maintain up to date
predictions of the ground likely to be encountered. This review shall be fully integrated into
the construction risk control and management systems and should typically include
a) detailed geological logging of the ground exposed during construction
b) probing ahead of and around the tunnel face, if the ground changes or expected to
change.
c) interpretation of fresh.data and correlation with previous information
d) prediction of ground conditions likely to be encountered.

Ground information from all construction activities shall be collated and interpreted.
'The geotechnical design parameters adopted and the method of analysis of the lining shall be
subject to the consent of the The Engineer prior to commencement of design.
The design life required shall be obtained by the use of durable materials, corrosion
protection, resistance to or avoidance of wear etc. All underground works shall be designed to
achieve the following minimum design lives with minimum or zero maintenance:
(a) Main structure resisting ground and groundwater 120 years

loads:
(b) Non-structural components 50 years

The Contractor shall design all necessary linings for tunnels and shafts including temporary
linings. If any proprietary methods, materials or components are proposed to be used the
Contractor shall be responsible for demonstrating their fitness for purpose to the full
satisfaction of the The Engineer.
The Contractor shall determine the configuration of rings, segmentation and details of joints
and fixings etc. to suit ground conditions, loadings, methods of construction and all functions
in the completed Works as described herein. The design shall address aspects including the
following, as appropriate:
(a) Ring configurations,
(b) Segment size and form,
(c) Fixing details including:
ring to ring fixings.
segment ta segment fixings,
For fixing all equipments to be installed under this Contract.
for fixing equipment required by Designated Contractors etc. to suit segment
position,
handling and installation.
Holes, recesses and fixtures for other system components
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorksISection-2

Designs shall allow for tolerances in production and installation of segments.

(d) Other components:
grout hole valves,
gaskets,
bedding and packing materials.
(e) Instrumentation and monitoring to demonstrate performance of the installed linings.

The Contractor shall submit for the consent of the The Engineer a comprehensive schedule of
tests to establish the quality and performance of all elements of the tunnel lining, including:
segment materials.
permeability,
production tolerances,
joint performance and load capacity including effect of joint misalignment and
birdsmouthing with aligned and misaligned joints,
performance of joint beddinglpacking materials,
lateral bending tests to demonstrate resistance to jacking forces;
gasket performance with alignedlmisaligned joints,
self sealing grout hole,
capacity of all fixings.
2.7.4 Loads
The method o f analysis shall consider in situ ground stresses and shall provide evidence
andlor measurements to the Engineer in support of the parameters adopted in the design.
Analysis shall be undertaken of the additional ground loadings imposed by adjacent structures
on the underground structures and due account taken of the additional stresses in the design
of the underground structures.
Where the tunnels are adjacent to buildings and other structures, analysis shall be provided to
ensure that no loss of support can occur which endangers the stability of the buildings and
structures and that settlement will be within specified limits.
All tunnel sections shall have permanent, durable, structural linings, generally consisting of
bolted steel segments, pre-cast concrete segments, or cast-in-situ, plain or reinforced
'
concrete.
Linings shall be designed to withstand all environmental loadings and effects without
detriment. In general, tunnel linings shall be designed to fulfil the following requirements and
to resist the following loadings.
Superimposed surface loads from traffic, existing structures over and adjacent to the
tunnel, and any specified future loads.
*
Soillrock, water, and seismic loads.
Railway loads.
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpeciticationlGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 32

Structural requirements for resisting buckling.

Long- and short-term ground yield or squeeze,
Unequal grouting pressures.
Adjacent tunnelling or excavation.
Openings in, or extensions to, the lining.
Long- or short-term loads induced by construction.
Temperature and shrinkage.
Handling loads, including impact, especially in the case of unreinforced segments.
Jacking forces, where appropriate.
Loading Conditions
The design of the linings for the tunnels shall be fully compatible with the Contractor's
proposed method of construction. The principal method is expected to be shield driven tunnel
(TBM) with permanent precast concrete lining.
The design shall also take into account all loadings, the requirements of the overall schedule,
the need for further investigations as necessary, and contract limitations.with regard to ground
movements and de-watering.
The tunnel alignment shall generally follow the alignment shown on the Tender Drawings
All components of underground structures shall be proportioned to withstand the applied
loads and forces as follows:
(a) Dead load comprises the self weight of the basic structure and secondary elements
supported and the weight of earth cover. The depth of cover shall be the actual depth
or a minimum of 3.0 metres. The maximum depth to tunnel axis shall be used.
(b) Traffic surcharge shall be equivalent to various Class loadings as mentioned in IRC6-
2010.
(c) Loads from existing or known future adjacent structures above or within the area of
influence, which will remain in place above the tunnels, or any specified future loading.
The applicable foundation load shall be computed based on the height and type of
occupancy or use. For known future buildings, a minimum load based on a dead and
live load of 50 kPa at the foundations shall be used.
-.
(d) Additional support, ground treatment or additional lining thickening shall be provided
unless it can be shown that adequate provision already exists. Non-DMRC structures
shall not be supported directly by the tunnel lining.
(e) Where provision for a specific future structure is not made a minimum surcharge of 50
kPa at the existing or design ground level.
(f) Hydrostatic pressures ignoring pore pressure relief obtained by any seepage into the
tunnel. Ground Water Table assumed to be 4m above the maximum water level
observed i n the past 20 years from Central Water Commission i n the vicinity o f
the site.
(g) Loads and load changes due to known construction activity in the vicinity of the tunnel,
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 33

such as the excavation of underpasses, basements, pile groups, bridges, diaphragm

walls and cable ground anchors.
(h) The design of the tunnel linings shall take into account the proximity of the tunnels one
to another, the sequence and timing of construction and the proximity of adjacent
structures and utility services.
2.7.6 Flotation
For flotation check, the water table is assumed to coincide with the Ground level.
Where the bored tunnels are relatively shallow they shall be checked for the possibility of
flotation due to differential water pressure at representative typical locations.
The Contractor shall include in the design of the bored tunnel structures suitable methods for
countering the uplift due to displaced water .
All tunnel designs shall be checked against flotation and heave in accordance with the
methods specified above. Wherever these checks indicate a critical case the Contractor, at
shall carry out a more rigorous analysis. Such analysis shall clearly show the factor of safety
achieved by the design and shall be to the consent of the the Engineer.
2.7.8 Tunnel Lining
The permanent tunnel linings shall be bolted segmental precast concrete, except in case of
cross-passages, enlargement of tunnel and junction of cut &cover and bored tunnel where
cast-in-situ lining shall be used.
Alternative types of lining may be proposed subject to the consen: of the The Engineer
The Contractor shall take into account, inter alia, the following when considering the design of
lining : -
(a) The internal diameter shall take account of the need to accommodate the Structure
Gauge, and the track bed arrangement to be provided by the Trackwork Contractor.
(b) Due allowance for relative movement between tunnels and cut and cover structure as
described in Subsection 2.8.11.
(c) The stiffness of the lining shall be sufficient to limit the maximum allowable deflection to
on radius to 25mm.. The distortional loads adopted shall also take account of the
speed of reloading of the horizontal and vertical groundpressure and in the case of the
shallow tunnels, the ability of the ground above the tunnel to generate sufficient passive
resistance to maintain stability of the lining.
(d) Stresses induced by grouting.
(e) The reinforcement for segmental concrete lining shall be detailed such that no electrical
continuity will exist across the circle joints. To prevent the stray current effects and to
inhibit the corrosion, Microsilica shall be added in to concrete (minimum 5% by the
weight of cement). Such concrete shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C 1202 and
DIN 1048. RCPT value shall not exceed 1000 coulombs and water permeability shall
not be more than 10 mm. However, reinforcement for in situ concrete lining or other
structures shall be bonded to mitigate stray currents. Similarly SGI lining segments
shall be bonded to mitigate stray current effects. The bonding will be part of the
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundat~onsand Tunnel WorkslSection -2 34

corrosion control system to be installed by the Contractor. The corrosion control

system shall be designed and installed by the Contractor with the Engineer's consent.
The system shall be tested to demonstrate its proper function.
(f) Blind holes and other fixings shall be necessary for the installation of internal
construction, brackets and equipment, Such holes or fixings shall be detailed such that
they have no adverse effect on the integrity, water tightness or design life of the linings.
2.7.9 Segmental Linings
The Contractor shall take into account, inter alia, the following when considering the design of linings:
(a) a segment shall be considered as a short column subjected to axial load with a load
factor of 1.4 applied to all loads. The design of the segments shall be adequate for all
temporary loads during stacking, lifting, erection and impact.
(b) the width of segments shall suit the method of construction and shall nct be so large
that part shoving of the shield becomes a geneiai necessiiy.
(c) the width of segments shall be consistent with the capacity of the circle bolting
arrangements to withstand the shear forces induced in linings built with staggered
joints.
(d) the lengths of segments shall be chosen with regard to bending stresses during
. handling and erection and the long term stresses due to deflection and thrust. In the
design for handling and erection a safety factor of 5.0 shall be applied to the self weight
of the segment combined with zero axial load.
(e) opening of longitudinal joints
(f) the design of linings shall include suitable taper rings in order to negotiate the
alignment curvature and to correct for line and level during construction with the
minimum use of circumferential joint packers consistent with attaining the required
degree of water tightness of the tunnels; see Subsection 2.7.18 below.
Drilling for fixing at pre-determined points on the lining may be permitted.
2.7.1 0 Tunnel Diameter

Designed internal diameter of the finished tunnel for single track shall be between 5700mm to
5800mm with as built tolerance mentioned in Section 9 (Tunnelling), clause 9.5.1 (Tunnel
Linings) para 12.0 (As Built Tolerances) of Volume 5 (Outline Construction Specification)
2.7.1 1 Segment Details.
Gasket grooves
Gasket grooves shall be provided around all joint faces of each segment and key in
accordance with the dimensions as approved by the engineer in charge. The design shall
incorporate sealing gaskets in the segmental design.
Concrete cover
Where reinforcement i s incorporated into the segments the minimum cover to all
reinforcement, including link steel, shall be provided as 45 m m on earth side and 30mm
on inner side for M50 and above. For lower grade, 6mm extra cover be provided.
Grout holes
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical, Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

Grout holes shall be provided in segment as per design excluding the key, and shall be of a
nominal 50 rnrn diameter.
2.7.12 Conventional Tunnel Lining
Arch girders, base plates, ties and connections shall be formed from steel conforming to
Standards. Arch girders shall be rolled to suit the dimensional requirements of the approved
design.
The Contractor shall provide dimensional details of the arches, calculations regarding
imposed loads and design and such other information.
Spiles, Dowels and Rock bolts
Spiles shall be steel rods or tubes of diameter not less than 25 rnrn of steel.
Rock dowels shall be untensioned steel bars threaded at one end and provided with a face
plate, shim plates and a conical seated washer and nut, or split or deformed steel tubes, or
glass fibre reinforced resin rods.
Rock bolts shall be tensioned bar manufactured out of one of the followings : solid steel bar,
slit or deformed steel tube, glass fibre reinforced resin rods.
Alternative materials shall be subject to the consent of the Engineer incharge.
Sprayed concrete
Materials for sprayed concrete shall comply with Concrete Materials 'section of the
Construction Specification.
Cavity grouting
General purpose cement grout with suitable admixture shall be mixed in accordance with the
proposed design mix and purpose of use. Grout shall be used within one hour of mixing.
2.7.13 Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and Shields
The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the selection, design and supply of tunnelling
machines, shields and backup equipment. The TBM shall also meet all the requirements as
specified in Employer Requirements and Outline Construction Specification.
Tunnelling machines shall be robust with adequate safety margins for the anticipated duty,
designed and manufactured to comply with all safety standards.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer incharge for his consent, a programme for the
provision, factory inspection, testing, transport, erection and commissioning of each TBM or
shield. The Engineer's consent does not, however, absolve the contractor of his responsibility
to use appropriate equipment and complete the work as scheduled.
New or reconditioned machines shall be assembled at the manufacturer's works on
completion of fabrication or modification and tested to demonstrate that all components
operate correctly before the Employer or his authorised representative. Test running will also
be required at site following assembly, prior to commencement of tunnel driving.
The Contractor shall ensure that all key personnel who are responsible for the driving,
maintenance and control of the machine have received the necessary training in the duties
that they are required to perform. Such training shall include emergency procedures.
r
The Contractor shall provide and maintain a complete list of the names of persons and their
duties, responsible for the operation of the machine, who have completed the appropriate
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical, Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 36

training to an accepted standard. A Certificate of Competence shall be provided by the

Contractor.
For TBM breakthrough i n launching I retrieval shafts, soft eye should be used with
Fibre Reinforcement only.
During construction in water bearing ground, the seepage water shall be controlled by suitable
means and design should provide for the same. The Contractor shall obtain the Engineer's
prior agreement to the process he intends to adopt. Pumping of large quantities of water such
that the piezometric pressure in the vicinity is within permissible safe limits and contractor is
required to get permission from related authority.
Groundwater leakage rates shall not exceed 0.1 litre/m2/day and 0.2 litreslm2/day for
segmental lining and in-situ lining respectively. For any 10m length of tunnel the water
ingress rate shall not exceed 0.2 litre/m2/day and 0.4 litres/m2/dayfor segmental lining and in-
situ lining respectively.
The design shall incorporate two sealing gaskets in the segment design. Materials for sealing
gaskets shall be one gasket of hydrophilic material and one gasket of elastomeric type.
Materials shall have acceptable fire performance for use on an underground railway.
Notwithstanding the above limits on groundwater leakage rates, the design shall aim to
ensure that no loss of ground occurs through any part of the structure.
2.7.15 Temporary Access or Retrieval Shafts
The principal method of access for erection, launching and retrieval of tunnelling is expected
to be within the ends of station box structures. If provision cannot be made in the structural
design of the station works or the construction programme the Contractor shall design
alternative temporary access shafts outside the permanent wall of the station, and be
responsible for obtaining all appropriate approvals from the relevant authorities and the The
Engineer's consent prior to commencement of the works.
Temporary access provisions within the station box or outside the permanent wall of the
station shall be designed and constructed to ensure the integrity of the temporary works and
permanent structure at all stages of the work and the watertightness of the completed station
and tunnels.
The scope of work shall include, inter alia, the following :
(a) any additional site investigation considered necessary by the Contractor to design and
execute the work;
(b) topographic, utility and building condition survey;
(c) analysis of potential ground movement effects and the design of measures to control
such effects;
(d) structural design of the shaft to meet the requirements in the Specification for cut and
cover design.
The Contractor shall ensure the compatibility of permanent and temporary Works designs and
I
construction schedules and that construction interfaces are resolved.

Temporary access shafts shall be backfilled with approved material in accordance with the
DMRCl Volume 4lOutline Des~gnSpecificationiGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

Outline Construction Specifications. Temporary works shall be removed to 2m below original

ground surface level, unless otherwise instructed, prior to reinstatement works.
2.7.16 Temporary Access Shaft on road alignment

(a) It is brought to the Contractor's attention that the design and construction of temporary
access shafts in conjunction with the permanent works may be necessary. The design
shall aim to minimise long term traffic disruption at this location.
(b) The size, layout and period of occupation of road space at this access shaft shall be
included in the Contractor's submissions for consent.
2.7.17 Underpinning of Existing Structures
Where the construction of tunnels or other underground works would necessitate removal of
existing support or foundations to existing structures the Contractor shall carry out
investigations of the extent of the existing works, their design and loading conditions. The
Contractor shall design and carry out such works as are necessary to maintain the integrity of
the structure at all times including its design life. No work shall commence prior to the
consent of the Engineer being given. Cost of design and provision of any
supportlstrengthening of such structures will be deemed as included in the Contractor's Price.
.. -
2.7.18 Cross Passages
"Passenger emergency evacuation design for cross passages between running tunnels which
are constructed by either cut and cover or bored method shall be in accordance with the
requirements of NFPA 130- 2007 or latest version (if any) as follows;-
(a) The distance from a station or from a mid-tunnel escape shaft to a cross passage shall
be not be greater than 244 m.
(b) The distance between adjacent cross passages shall not be greater than 244 m.
(c) In specific cases spacing of 244 m can go up to 250 m to reduce the number of cross
passages between two stations.
(d) Track cross-overs shall not be considered as cross passages.
The locations of cross passages have, wherever possible, shall be chosen to avoid critical
sections of the alignment where their construction could have an adverse effect on adjacent
structures.
The openings into the running tunnels shall have a width of 1.2 m and a height of 2.1 m.
Through out the cross passage a minimum headroom of 2.1 m shall be maintained over a
width of 1.2 m.
The cross passage floor screed shall be laid to fall and drain into the running tunnel drainage
system. Floor level shall correspond with the level of the tunnel escape route.
A concrete bulkhead fitted with steel door and frame shall be constructed to isolate the cross
passage from each running tunnel. The door shall be self-latching and have a fire resistance
of 2 hours minimum and shall be capable of withstanding the maximum differential pressures
on either side created by the passage of trains. Vaximum force to open shall not exceed
150N. Any mechanism needed to operate the door must be demonstrated to be of adequate
relrability
DMRCI Volume .?/Outline Design Specification/Geotechnical. Foul~dationsand Tunnel WorkslSection -2 38

The cross passage lining shall be in-situ concrete lining designed generally in accordance
with the requirements of the above Clauses with the following exception that the maximum
allowable deflection on radius shall be 15 mm.
The junctions with the running tunnels shall be steel framed and encased with in situ,
concrete. The junctions shall be designed to support fully the running tunnel linings at the
openings together with the ground and groundwater loads on the junction itself, and maintain
the specified water tightness of the tunnels.
Where openings are to be formed in running tunnels having segmental concrete or SGI linings
temporary .internal supports to the running tunnel lining shall be provided. These supports
shall adequately restrain the lining such that on completion of the cross passage and removal
of the temporary supports the total deflection of the lining does not exceed as described
above.
2.7.19 Sumps i n Running Tunnels
Sumps shall be located at every low point within each running tunnel.
Wherever practicable the vertical alignment shall be chosen such that the locations of sumps
avoid critical sections where their construction could have an adverse effect on adjacent
structures.
The size of each sump shall take account of the anticipated rate of-flow into the sump, the
priority rating, the number and types of pumps to be installed and the reserve capacity
required above alarm level.
The reserve capacity of a groundwater seepage sump shall be calculated on the basis of the
area of tunnel lining applicable to the sump in accordance with the following formula.
VR = A*v*~*F.o.s.*Io"
Where,
VR = Volume of reserve, m3
A = Tunnel lining area, m2
v = Maximum leakage rate, llm2/day
t = Maximum response time, (day)
F.0.S = Factor of Safety
.-..For.runningAunnel low point sumps the response time 't" shall be 24 hours and the factor of
safety shall be 1.5.
The sump design shall include outlets for the longitudinal drain pipe and discharge mains.
pumps of suitable capacity and power connection. Sumps shall be fitted with steel covers and
provided with step irons or access ladder as approved. Permanent discharge mains shall be
installed as well as embedment of conduits for permanent electric power cables to the pumps.
The Contractor shall investigate the overall capital cost and running costs and feasibility of
either installing the discharge mains to the station or a direct pumping main through a
borehole to the surface and submit his recommendation for consent. The layout shall be such
as to facilitate easy removal & replacement of pumps.,
The linings of the sumps shall be designed for the appropriate ground and groundwater loads.
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical,Foundbtions and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 39

The design and construction of the junctions with the running tunnel linings shall be in
accordance w~ththe general requirements of these Outline Design Specifications.
2.7.20 Ground Treatment and Temporary Support
For all bored-tunnel sections, a plan shall be prepared, based on all of the available data, of
the anticipated need for and methods of providing the following.
Ground treatment at break-in Ibreak-out locations
Ground treatment in advance of the tunnel excavation.
Temporary support during tunnel excavation.
This information and the assumptions on which it is based shall be shown on the design
drawings. The effect of tunnelling activ~tieson structures located above the line of the tunnel
shall be determined and any remedial action necessary to minimise the settlement of these
structures shall be implemented prior to tunnel excavation.
A detailed materials and workmanship specification shall be provided for the use, if any, of
shotcrete, or rock bolts, or both as part of any finallpermanent liner or support system for
tunnels.
2.7.21 Tunnel Emergency Evacuation Walkway
The Contractor shall be responsible for the design, provision and installation of a tunnel
emergency evacuation walkway throughout bored and cut and cover tunnels. The location of
the walkway shall be determined to provide a generally continuous walkway to permit
emergency evacuation at any point in the tunnel. For a tunnel linking a side platform station to
a central platform station the tunnel walkway can only provide continuity at one end. At the
other end a fixed stairway shall be provided to track level to enable maintenance staff to cross
the track to the platform end steps.
The walkway shall provide a durable non-slip surface set to a fall away from the track at the
same level to the platform. The walkway shall be minimum 750 mm wide and provide a
750mm wide X 2000mm high walkway space clear of fixed equipment. The detail of walkway
is specified in tender drawings (Volume 6).
The Contractor shall liaise with the Designated Contractor to determine the setting out
dimension from track centre line.
The design shall perm~tmaintenance access to tunnel services mounted below the walkway
and allow for ducts andloipipes to'pass~fiombelow to above walkway level without impinging
on the 750mm clear width.
The walkway shall be designed for a uniformly distributed load of not less than 5.0kNlm2 and
shall be securely fixed to resist the effects of passing trains and movement of passengers and
emergency services personnel. The design life shall not be less than 50 years.
Metal components such as bearers or handrails shall be provided with stray current corrosion
protection as required. Particular attent~onshall be paid to step voltage from the Rolling Stock
to earth for the protection of passengers.
DMRCf Volume 410utline Design SpecificationIGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel Work..lSection -2

P
Section 2.8 - CUT AND COVER TUNNELS

The drawings for the cut and cover tunnels and stations show a rectangular box section built
inside the excavation support walls. Excavation support walls shall be diaphragm walls or
similar rigid support systems. In case the use of temporary walls as a permanent element of
the structure, the Contractor may justify the feasibility and suitability of this alternative and
submit the detailed design and also proposals for making them watertight to the Engineer for
his consideration and consent.
The Contractor shall use design methods for the analysis of the cut and cover tunnel
structures that take into account, but not limited to:
the method of construction, including temporary works;
the ground/structure interaction, including the effects of temporary works;
ground pressure redistribution and bending moment redistribution;
short and long term heave and settlement;
groundwater loading, backfill and other imposed loading such as surcharge and
highway loadings.
For the purposes of assessing ground pressures the cut and cover tunnel shall be considered
as effectively a rigid box structure subject to earth pressure at rest.
In his design the Contractor shall take adequate measures to minimise the amount of local
differential settlement of road surfaces around underground works.
Temporary Ground Support shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section
2.9.
In all cases the need to support existing services adequately across or near to the excavation
shall be taken into account.
Irrespective o f whatever has been specified herein the design shall also meet ITA
guidelines on load factors and load combinations.
The design method for construction of the cut and cover tunnels shall take into account at
- least:
(i) the geology along the length and depth of the cutting;
(ii) the hydrology and the permeabilities of the strata encountered along the length of the
cutting;
(iii) the dewatering system to prove that the base of the excavation is dry and that the water
level can be drawn down to 1.0 metres below the base of the excavation if necessary.
(iv) the dewatering system shall not be turned off unless and until the provision for the
prevention of floatation have been satisfied.
(v) the magnitude of settlement which could be exp~cted.In this context the location of the
works in relation to existing structures shall be considered.
(vi) the depth of construction requ~red;
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical,f sundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

-
(vii) any particular difficulties that special plant might meet with in respect of access,
clearances and working space;
(viii) the noise levels produced;
(ix) control over heave, swell, piping and instability of the base of construction;
(x) the methods by which the completed structure shall be secured against flotation;
(xi) the method of waterproofing the completed structure:
(xii) Slope instability.
The following methods of construction shall be used in soft ground either individually or in
combination depending upon the particular requirements of the location, size and type of
structure.
Diaphragm Walling
Particular attention shall be paid to the stability of the reinforcement cage during placing,
methods for forming and locating box-outs, waterproofing of the vertical panel joints,
support of the walls during excavation and integrity and watertightness.
Secant PilinglSheet piling1Soldier piling
Particular attention shall be paid to the formation of piles to ensure their integrity and
watertightness, and to the support of the completed walls during excavation.
The method of construction to be followed shall be approved by the Engineer. Diaphragm
walling will be preferred for the station
2.8.3 Diaphragm Walling
General
The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the The Engineer for his consent a detailed design
including calculations schedules and drawings for each proposed diaphragm wall installation,
prior to the commencement of such works. Design should take into account the following;
Earth Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure (Sround Water Table assumed t o be 4m above the maximum
water level observed i n the past 20 years from Central Water Commission i n the
vicinity o f the site.)
Decking Load
Surcharge.Load (A surcharge load of 24 kNlm2 shall be applied at ground level and
IRC loading at GL for Roof Slab)
Supporting Arrangements
Any other incidental load
Minimum grade o f concrete shall be M35.
Method Statement
The Contractor shall prepare a method statement giving the full details of materials, plant and
operations involved in the construction of diaphragm walls. This shall be incorporated into the
design submission for consent and shall include details of:
the formation of the joints between panels and installation of waterstops;
the method of producing the durable concrete with admixtures.
I
the sequence of excavation and concreting of panels;

the methods of monitoring and checking the stability of neighbouring properties,
DMRCl Volume 4lOutline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 42

highways, utilities and other underground structures;

the methods of monitoring and checking tolerances associated with the diaphragm wall
panels;
the methods of monitoring and checking the stability of the diaphragm wall trench;
the mixing; transporting and placing equipment for the bentonite slurry;
the method of disposal of contaminated bentonite slurry;
the type, source, chemical and physical properties of the bentonite to be used;
the dimensions and details of guide walls;
the cleaning and re-use of the bentonite slurry;
Calculations to show that the density of the bentonite and lowest head of slurry are
sufficient to maintain the stability of the trench, in the ground conditions envisaged, to
its full depth.
emergency procedures to be implemented in the event that monitoring indicates
tolerances associated with the diaphragm wall panels may be exceeded.
Adjacent Properties
The Contractor's design shall take account of adjacent utilities, buildings, highways
and underground structures of any type.
Allowance shall be made for all ancillary treatment and all work necessary to ensure
the stability of road works, adjacent structures and underground constructions and
utilities.
The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage or movement in such adjacent
utilities and structures.
2.8.3 Flotation ---?
Minimum depth of overburden on underground structures should be as per vertical profile

given in the alignment drawing. .
/-
r
The Contractor shall check the cut and cover tunnels for the possibility of flotation due to k-
differential water pressure and shall design the structure such that adequate factors of safety
against flotation are provided as set out below. @z
During service stage analysis ground water level shall be assumed to be coincident f
with the Ground Level.
A load factor of 0.90 shall be applied to the self weight of the structure, including the first
stage only of the track concrete.
A load factor of 1.0 shall be applied to the weight of backfill material over the structure.
The overall factor of safety against flotation shall not be less than 1.05 and 1.10 for any
construction stage and after the completion of the Permanent Works respectively.
Suitable measures to counteract flotation forces for the Permanent Works shall be
incorporated in the Contractor's design. The me*ure(s) chosen shall suit the particular
conditions and the method of construction and may include: Integration of Dlwall with
structure;
DMRCl Volume 4lOutline Design Spec~ticationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 43

Toeing-in of the base slab into the surrounding ground;

increasing the dead weight of the structure by:
thickening of structural members;
providing an extra thickness of concrete beneath the base slab tied into the structural
base slab;
extending the diaphragm walls;
providing counterweights in parts of the structure with high density material;
The provision of tension plles. For this case the use of secant piled wall can be
considered.
It will not normally be acceptable to modify the vertical alignment of the tunnels solely to
counteract flotation forces. The use of ground anchors as a permanent measure to
counteract flotation forces will not be permitted.
Where the base slab is toed-in to the surrounding ground a partlal safety factor of 2.0 shall be
applied to the shear resistance of the ground above the toe and the adhesion factor shall not
apply. The value of the weight of ground above the toe shall be calculated as for the backfill
material.
The value of the weight of any additional thickness of concrete shall take account of the
increased volume of water displaced.
The Contractor shall ensure that his meth,od and sequence of construction is such that an
adequate resistance to upl~ftis maintained at all times, and shall put forward his proposal to
this effect.
2.8.5 Cracking o f Concrete
Anti-crack reinforcement shall be provided in all walls and slabs more than 250 mm thick to
distribute cracking arising from shrinkage, early thermal and temperature effects.
Recommendations given in Clause 3.9.4.19 of Part 1 of BS 8110 shall be followed with the
modification that reinforcement on each face in each direction should be at least:
for grades 500 D and below: 0.125% of the concrete cross-sectional area.
In addition, spacing between the bars should not be greater than 150 mm.
Generally, pairing of bars and more than one layer df bars is not preferred for such structures.
- It is preferred that smaller diameter bars in any direction are placed at closer intervals to
prevent early thermal and shrinkage cracks.
2.8.6 Crack Width
Clauses 2.2.3,4.1 of Part I and 3.2.4 of Part 2 of BS 8110 shall be modified such that for
members exposed to earth and ground water, the calculated maximum crack width shall not
exceed 0.2 mm irrespective of whether any additional protections, such as waterproofing
membrane, are provided to the members at the exposed face of the structure. Provisions
shall be made to ensure that calculated width of cracks due to early thermal cracking is not
more than 0.2 mm. '
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

Walls and slabs of underground structures are USU~IIY thick. Therefore adequate
consideration shall be given to the risk of early thermal cracking and shrinkage effects. Micro
silica or any other suitable cementitious material confirming to relevant BIS codes shall
be used by the weight of cement in such manner that shall replace the cement quantity for
same grade of concrete to reduce the risk of early thermal cracks. This concrete shall serve
as a measure to reduce the thickness of walls & slab to minimise the risk of thermal cracks.
The designer shall ensure that any requirements considered appropriate such as cement
chemistry and curing methods are properly addressed.
Particular attention shall be paid to the corner joints of large structural members. External
walllslab junctions shall be provided with crack control steel and transverse ties. Radius of
bend of main tension bars shall be increased to cater for the high bearing stresses within the
bend.
The design and detailing shall be such that the number of constructionjoints will be as few as
practicable and shall minimise leakage.
For top down construction in particular, attention shall be paid to the practicalities of the
design and detailing of the slab to wall connections and the means by which the integrity of
the construction joints at these connections will be assured.
2.8.11 Connections between Bored Tunnels ICut and Cover Structures
Where bored tunnels are connected to cut and cover structures, the connection shall be
designed so that completion of the joint is carried out by the contractor for the cut and cover
structure. Design of the joint shall consider the possibility of differential movement, either
during backfilling or subsequently. Unless it can be shown that differential movement of the
bored tunnel and cut and cover structures will be sufficiently small not to cause overstressing
with a rigid joint, the joint shall be designed to permit an appropriate degree of rotational
movement. Particular attention shall be paid to the waterproofing detail, to ensure that the
watertightness of the joint is not inferior to the standard joint between precast tunnel
segments.
2.8.1 2 Base stability
The Contractor shall include in design adequate precautions against base heave in the clayey
silts during construction. The stability of the bottom of the excavation shall be checked in
accordance with an acceptable method of analysis. A surcharge of 20 k ~ l shall m ~ be allowed
for, applied at ground level to the ground surrounding the excavation.
The alluvial deposits comprising "Delhi Silt" are predominantly silt with Alwar sand horizons
and a variable proportion of clay. Silts are readily mobile under the action of water and are
thus susceptible to piping. The Contractor shall allow in his design adequate precautions
against piping and base failure where the alluvial deposits are to be exposed.
The Contractor shall show in his calculations the contribution made to the base stability of the
excavation by his proposed method of construction an4 shall state the factor(s) of safety used
in the design. The factor(s) of safety shall relate to the method of construction and to the
particular location of the Works and shall be subject to the consent of the The Engineer.
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationIGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorksISection -2 45

The Contractor shall check the stability of the completed structure against failure due to base
heave under the structure.
2.8.1 3 Waterproofing
Please refer Volume - 5 Outline Construction Specification, Section - 10.
Heave and settlement between adjacent line structures shall be evaluated and due allowance
incorporated into the size of the structures and detailing of joints to ensure that the structure
gauge is not infringed within the design life.
The differential movements, including relative rotation, between structures calculated to take
place after track laying has been carried out shall not exceed the requirements of the track
design.
NOTE: Shuttering detail for External walls

A typical detail to be followed in the shuttering of external walls of cut and cover tunnel
I station is enclosed at annexure-2
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpeciticationlGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnej WorkslSection -2

UNDERGROUND STATION DESIGN

The Contractor shall use design methods for the analysis of the underground station
structures which take account of the following:
(i) The method of construction, including temporary works.
(ii) The ground/structure interaction, including the effects of temporary works.
(iii) Ground pressure redistribution and bending moment redistribution.
(iv) Short and long term heave and settlement.
(v) Ground water loading, backfill and other imposed loadings such as surcharge and
highway loadings.
For the purpose of assessing ground pressures the underground station shall be regarded as
a rigid box structure subject to earth pressure at rest.
Temporary Ground Support shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section
2.9.
The method of construction for the cut and cover stations shall take into account the following:
(i) The geology at the Station Site.
(ii) The hydro-geology and ground permeabilities at the station site.
(iii) The degree of settlement which would be expected. In this context the proximity of
the works to existing structures must be considered.
(iv) The depth of construction required.
(v) Any particular difficulties that special plant might meet with in respect of access,
clearances and working space.
(vi) Control over heave and instability of the base of the excavation.
(vii) The methods by which the completed structure shall be secured against flotation.
(viii) The method for waterproofing the completed structure.

For types of construction see Subsection 2.8.2 above.
In all cases the need to support existing services adequately across or near to the excavation
shall be taken into account.
For Design loads See Subsection 2.8.3 above

2.8.1 7 Flotation
The Contractor shall include in the design of the station structure suitable methods for
countering the uplift due to displaced water generally in accordance with Subsection 2.8.4
above.
I
Anti-crack reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with Subsection 2.8.5 above.
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 47

2.8.19 Crack Width

The calculated maximum crack width shall be made in accordance with Subsection 2.8.6
above.

Consideration to the risk of early thermal cracking and shrinkage effects shall be made in
accordance with Subsection 2.8.7 above.
Particular attention shall be paid to the corner joints of large structural members in
The design and detailing shall be such that the number of construction joints will be as few as
practicable and shall minimise leakage
Particular attention shall be paid to the connection between slab and wall for top down
construction in particular, in accordance with Subsection 2.8.10 above.
2.8.24 Connection between Bored TunnelslCut and Cover Structures and Stations
The connection between bored tunnels and cut and cover structures and Stations shall be
designed in accordance with Subsection 2.8.11 above.
2.8.25 Base stability
The excavation for the station during construction and the completed station structure shall be
checked against base instability in accordance with Subsection 2.8.12 above.
Differential heave and settlement shall be considered in accordance with Subsection 2.8.14
above.
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorksISect~on-2

COVERED APPROACHES AND SUBWAYS

The designs prov~dedunder this Clause shall also satisfy the requirements of Subsection
2.8.1
The Contractor shall use design methods for the analysis of the covered approach structures
which take account of:
(i) The method of construction, including temporary works.
(ii) The groundlstructure interaction, including the effects of temporary works.
(iii) Ground pressure redistribution and bending moment redistribution.
(iv) shod and long term heave and settlement.
(v) Groundwater loading, backfill, temperature and other imposed loadings such as
surcharge and highway loadings.
For the purpose of assessing ground pressures the walls of the covered approach shall be
considered as either free ended or propped cantilevers as appropriate for the proposed roof
slab connection. In either case the ground pressure shall be taken as the "at rest" value.
The design of construction for the covered approach structure shall take into account the
following:
(i) The geology along the length of the approach structure.
(ii) The hydrogeology and ground permeabilities of the site.
(iii) The maximum depth of construction required.
(iv) Control over heave and instability of the base of the excavation.
(v) The methods by which the completed structure shall be secured against flotation.
(vi) The method for waterproofing the completed structure.
For types of construction see Subsection 2.8.2. above.
For Design loads See Subsection 2.8.3 above
2.8.30 Flotation
The Contractor shall include in the design of the covered approach structures suitable
- methods for countering, the uplifk due to displaced water generally in accordance with
Subsection 2.8.4 above.
Anti-crack reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with Subsection 2.8.5 above.
2.8.32 Crack Width
The calculated maximum crack width shall be made in accordance with Subsect~on2.8.6
above.
Consideration to the risk of early thermal cracking arrd shrinkage effects shall be made in
accordance with Subsection 2.8 7 above
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorksISection-2 49


Particular attention shall be paid to the corner joints of large structural members in
The design and detailing shall be such that the number of construction joints will be as few as
practicable.
2.8.36 Slab t o Wall Connections
Particular attention shall be paid to the connection between slab and wall for top down
construction in particular, in accordance with Subsection 2.8.10 above.
2.8.37 Connection between Covered Approaches and subways with Station structures
The connection between Covered Approaches and subways with Station structures shall be
designed similarly in accordance with Subsection 2.8.1 1 above.
2.8.38 Base stability
The excavation during construction for covered approach structures and the competed
covered approach structures shall be checked for base heave in accordance with Subsection
2.8.12. above.
Differential heave and settlement shall be considered in accordance with Subsection 2.8.14
above.
2.8.40 Water Proofing
2.8.41 Shuttering detail for External walls
A typical detail to be followed in the shuttering of external walls of cut and cover tunnel 1
station is enclosed at annexure-B
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical,Foundations and Tunnel WorksISection-2

Section 2.9 -TEMPORARY GROUND SUPPORT & OTHER REQUIREMENTS

2.9.1 Types and Applications
Cut-and-cover construction methods will be required for certain .part of the metro alignment
and for underground stations. Ground support in soft ground areas shall be provided with
rigid support systems:
by permanent walls that are not part of the permanent structure;
by permanent walls that are part of the permanent structure; or
by combinations of the above cases.
Support walls in soft ground shall be limited to:
concrete diaphragm walls,
secant-pile walls,
Ground treatment may be required to achieve water tightness of the walls, or to control base
seepage, stability, or both.
2.9.2 Design of Temporary Works
Temporary works shall in general be designed in accordance with the same design standards
as the permanent works. However, the design may take into account the limited duration
over which the temporary works are expected to function. The calculations and drawings
shall make clear where provision for limited life has been taken into account, particularly
where this may have a substantial influence on the stability of the temporary works.
The design of temporary works shall take account of all the applied external forces and
imposed structural deformations, and, additionally for underground works, the effects of
removal of load from the ground and the movement of the ground independent of the load.
2.9.3 Design of Temporary Excavation Support
Excavations for stations and cut and cover tunnels in soft ground shall be supported by
diaphragm walls, secant piles or similar which may be incorporated into the permanent
structure. Design of these elements shall include a proper step-by-step analysis of the
progressive change in support conditions and loading as the excavation proceeds and the
element is integrated with the permanent structure.
Braced excavations shall be analysed by finite element or similar methods in which the
changes in ground stresses are properly related to the deflections .which occur in the
structural elements, by the use of appropriate stiffness and other parameters. Relevant
empirical evidence from similar excavations must be referred to in support of the conclusions
of the analyses. Simplified analytical models and methods may be used to evaluate the
various permutations of structure geometry and loading, provided that sufficient finite element
analysis has initially been performed for calibration purposes.
Building risk assessment reports shall be properly related to the conclusions of the excavation
analyses.

Temporary works shall' be designed as far as possible to be removed when no longer

required, and not left in the ground. Teinporary works which are incapable of being
removed shall be designed so that there will be no risk of ground settlement or other
deleterious effects as a consequence of decay of timber or other material.
2.9.4 Ground Movements
The design of temporary ground-support works shall limit ground movement around the site
and thereby avoid damage to adjacent structures and properties, roads, utilities, and
footpaths.
During the Preliminary Design phase, all existing structures that may be influenced by
construction of the works shall be investigated to establish allowable settlement criteria for
each structure or group of structures. Establishment of an appropriate zone of influence shall
be accepted as 50m either side of the tunnel centre-line or the base of the excavation plus a
.spread of 45' to the horizontal in areas where structures are located whichever is more. In
Railway Station1 areas this zone shall be as agreed with Indian Railways for the safety of
trains.
The design of all ground-support walls shall limit settlement in the adjacent structures or
ground to 25mm maximum and to limit the damage as provided in 2.10.1.
The design shall also include provisions to limit angular distortions' in adjacent structures to
1:2,000 maximum.
Dewatering outside the station or cut and cover walls shall not be permitted.
These requirements are in addition to any other requirements imposed by applicable
government agencies and the Employer.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONSICRITERIA
2.9.5 Construction Dewatering
Temporary dewatering of construction excavations will be required not only to provide a
stable, undisturbed foundation and dry subgrade at all times, but also to permit construction
and backfilling of permanent structures under dry conditions. In general, groundwater levels
interior to construction excavations shall not be depressed more than 1.0m below final
subgrade level. Temporary dewatering methods and system operations, along with other
temporary works needed, shall avoid groundwater lowering outside the station box and cut
and cover tunnels walls, settlement of adjacent structures and properties, and loss of ground.
Groundwater cut-off methods, such as diaphragm walls, soil-bentonite-filled slurry trenches,
grout curtains, and similar elements may also need to be considered in the design.
Drawdown of the groundwater levels outside the station and cut and cover tunnel walls shall
be limited to no more than 2 metres from the existing average groundwater level.
The design shall include determination of subsurface conditions and geotechnical design
parameters, analyses to establish feasible methods, and system definition in sufficient detail
to ensure that the general objectives can be achieved and to allow estimation of installation
and operational costs. The selected system shall generally provide for continuous (24-hour-
per-day) operation, adequate reserve equ~pment,and standby power.
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and iunnel WorkslSection -2

2.9.6 Ground Improvement

Ground-improvement measures may be required along certain alignment segments of the
Metro Corridor to control ground losses and subsidence induced by excavation and tunnelling.
Ground-improvement methodslplans to be submitted to the Employer' Representative
supported by analysis for his consent.
Details of a plan for monitoring or for verifying achievement of ground-improvement
performance objectives, or both, shall be included in the design. Settlement-measuring
instruments such as magnetic extensometers or survey control stations and piezometers shall
be included to monitor settlement and pore water pressure dissipation. Field measurements
and instrumentation shall be used to verify the adequacy of the Ground-improvement
methodslplans.
2.9.7 Limiting Construction-Induced Vibrations at Existing Adjacent Structures
In the design, the effects of construction-related vibrations shall be considered. Unless
otherwise accepted by the applicable government agencies and the Employer, peak particle
velocities at existing adjacent structures shall not exceed the values in the Table below:
Peak Particle Velocities in mmlsec (Maximum Allowable) at Existing Adjacent Structures
Most structures in "good" condition 25 "
Most structures in "fair" condition

' '
12
Most structures in "poor" condition 5
Water-supply structures 5
Heritage structureslbridge structures 5
Above limits are maximum permissible, however this may have to restricted further if required
to avoid damage to the adjacent structure or causing discomfort to the occupants.
Along the proposed alignment, other limitations may be imposed at existing adjacent
structures, such as hospitals, school buildings, telephone-exchange structures, special water-
supply structures and Heritage structures.
Methods of reducing vibration, such as limiting explosive charge per delay or operating pile-
driving equipment at lower energy levels, may be required. The use of expansive agents or
mechanical excavation methods shall be required in place of blasting at certain critical
locations. In addition working hours for such equipments causing vibrations may have to
restricted, keeping the convenience and comfort of the occupants in mind.
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING
2.9.8 GENERAL
The Contractor shall submit a complete comprehensive instrumentation scheme including
Real Time Monitoring with the Preliminary Design to achieve the following:-
1. Safety during and after the construction by providing early warning of any excessive and
undue ground movement of adjoining premiseslstructures/utilities.
I
2. To provide settlement, deflection and deformation data for the verification of initial design
of the permanent structures and the temporary works supporting excavations.
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorksISection -2

3. To provide information on ground movements to ensure that the tolerances associated

with various structureslelements within the zone of influence are not exceeded.
4. To record generated pore water pressures to confirm the flow nets previously used to
predict seepage rates and to confirm that drawdown outside station and cut and cover
walls is no more than 2 metres
5 . To estimate and monitor during construction the expected ground movement (allowable
total settlement, differential settlement, angular distortions wall movement, earth
pressure, strut load, bottom heave etc.). If the estimates are exceeded remedial
measures will be prepared and implemented.
APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTATION
The contractor will submit the detailed instrumentation scheme for the scrutiny and approval
of the Engineer. The scheme must achieve the objectives as stated above. The scheme
should give dne emphasis to the information given in the tender documents and shall include
following:
1. 'The ground conditions including the geotechnical properties of the different soil and rock
layers.
2. The adjacent structures and utilities within the zone of influence including the existing
conditions of the buildings and their foundations as available at site, as well as those
recorded in the building survey report.
3. The proposed method of construction, and the type of equipment proposed.
4. The assumptions a n d calculations for the basic design including the installation of
appropriate instrumentation for monitoring and recording deflections, bending moment,
earth pressure etc.
5 . Proposed methodology for installation, calibration, maintenance and operationlrunning of
the instrumentation system, including location of gauge houses, proposals for de-airing of
piezometers and any other special requirement will be included.
6. Proposed types of instrumentation, location of and programs for establishing the base
readings and continuous observations.
7. To indicate the allowable values of various parameters for different levels review.
.. .
8. To suggest
... , <...
<.
preventive and remedial measures to be adopted to ensure that the various
-parameteriareke-ptwithin acceptable limits.
9. To suggest the frequency of the monitoring.
10. To suggest the method of data recording and report generation system for the use of the
contractor and The Engineer.
TYPES OF INSTRUMETATIONS
Instruments of robust nature shall be used which are capable of giving reliable data to within
the manufacture's tolerances over long periods measurement.
The Contractor shall establish suitable temporary bench marks for the purposes of monitoring
vertical movements. Such bench marks shall be outside the zone of influence of construction,
and shall be agreed with the Engineer .
Precise levelling points are to be provided on monuments at ground level to extend
DMRCI Volume 410utl1neDesign SpecificationlGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSeclion -2 54

throughout the area where predicted settlement,exceeds 5 mm

Piezometers (pneumatic, Casagrande and standpipe) are to be provided in the ground for
measuring changes in piezometric pressure at different depths. The type of piezometer
required will be determined by the response times anticipated.
Inclinometers, strain gauges and extensometers in the ground and within diaphragm walls are
to be provided for measuring Lateral displacements. The depth of the instrumentation in the
ground shall extend beyond the influence zone of the tunnels with respect to ground
movement and excavations and shall be fixed at least 1 metre below the bottom of the
diaphragm wall and 1 or into a hard stratum, as agreed by the The Engineer.
Extensometers are to be provided to measures convergence at tunnel openings or at any
other critical sections.
Borehole extensometers are to be provided in soft grounds to monitor heave and vertical
deformations with depth.
Load cells are to be installed at selected struts and anchors in excavations to enable desigrl
predictions to be verified and to monitor performance.
Precise levelling studs (road nails) are to be installed on highway and pavement areas in
array at 90 degrees to the tunnel alignment. These array shall extend to the outer edges of
the 5mm predicted settlement contour lines. Suitable monitoring points which can not be
readily disturbed shall be installed over openlpark areas. The location and type of such
monitoring points shall be agreed with the Employers' Representative.
Precise levelling is required of survey monuments and of settlement monitoring points on
buildings sufficient to determine the imposed strain. Where the structures are subjected to
protective works; electrolevel beam systems shall be employed, with a back-up system relying
on the use of precise levelling pins also installed.
Tiltmeters are to be provided on walls of adjacent structures where tilt has been identified as
being critical.
Crack monitoring and settlement maintaining of buildings under observation is required.
Monitoring of adjacent structures shall commence sufficiently before construction
-
commencement to enable a base line to be established. Monitoring will continue until such
time when it is mutually agreed that movement due to the works or ground treatment has
stopped or slowed sufficiently to be deemed negligible.
REVIEW LEVELS
a) Prior to the start of construction the designer shall assign predetermined review levels to
every instrument installed or to be installed at the site. There shall be three types of
review level: trigger, design and allowable.
b) The design level is defined as the highest or lowest (as appropriate) reading anticipated
based on the design. These are not to be exceeded during the works.
c) The trigger level is a reading at a predetermined level prior to the design level (for
example, 70% of the expected maximum stru! load, settlement or lateral deflection).
Remedial measures become effective when trigger values are exceeded.
d) The allowable level is defined as the reading at which the Contractor is considered to be
DMRCl Volume 410utline Des~gnSpecificat~onlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorksISection -2 55

failing to comply with the maximum or minimum (as appropriate) levels consistent with the
requirements of the contract.
e) The values for the review levels' shall be proposed by the Contractor for the acceptance of
the Employers' Representative, and shall form part of the design.
f) During construction, the contractor may propose changes to the values selected as
review levels. Changes to the review levels will have to be justified on the basis of
observed performance, and shall be submitted for the acceptance of the Employers'
Representative.
g) If the reading on any instrument reaches the trigger level, the Contractor shall report to
the Employers' Representative with his review of the data obtained from that instrument.
If, as a result of the review, it is considered that the design level is likely to be exceeded,
the Contractor shall reassess the design and undertake such protection measures as are
necessary. If it is considered that the allowable level could be reached or exceeded, then
the contractor shall propose and implement remedial measures to ensure that the
allowable level is not exceeded.
h) If the reading on any instrument reaches the design level, the Contractor shall report to
the Employers' Representative with the review or the data obtained from the instrument.
The Contractor shall reassess the design and undertake such protection measures as are
necessary. If it is considered that the allowable level could be reached or exceeded, then
the contractor shall propose and implement remedial measures to ensure that the
allowable level is not exceeded.
i) If the reading on any instrument reaches, exceeds, or can be expected to reach, based
on existing trends, the allowable level, the Employers' Representative shall be informed
immediately. The Contractor shall immediately make the related part of the works safe,
and then cease work in that part of the work until remedial measures have been
submitted, accepted by the Employers' Representative and implemented.
FREQUENCY OF MONITORING
a) Sufficient time shall be allowed between installation of instruments and commencement of
relevant site activities to enable a reliable set of base readings to be established. These
time. scales are to be agreed with the Employers' Representative.
b) All instruments shall be connected to data logging equipment where possible so that
measurements can be taken on a continuous 24 hours basis. Data shall be accessible via
computers in the Employers' Representative site offices. An alarm system shall be
incorporated into the computer network, with the alarm being activated if gauge readings
exceed either the agreed trigger or allowable values. In addition to that, the excavation
works for the Stations & Shafts shall be monitored by applying On Site Visualization
(OSV) monitoring.
c) Reports of monitoring results shall be submitted to the Engineer within 24 hours. A
detailed graphical presentation of historical values of monitoring shall be submitted on a
weekly basis in a format required by the Engineer. All resultslinformation shall be
submitted on virus free 3.5 inch computer d i s k e f t e s l ~ ~The
. information on the diskettes
must be retrievable using Microsoft Excel software running on 1BM PC or compatible
DMRCI Volume 410utline Design SpeciticationlGeotechnical. Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 56

systems. Where a greater frequency of monitoring is required than o n a 24 hour cycle, the
Contractor shall submit the reading taken directly at the site to the Engineer on the same
day.
d) All instruments shall, be suitably protected against accidental damage, vandalism and
adverse climatic conditions. Any damaged instrument shall be replaced immediately, with
a set of set of base readings being taken as soon after installation as possible.
The observations so recorded from the various instruments should be kept in such a
fashion, which can function as an evidence if required in any legal disputes and should
help the owner responsible for construction for framing their replies and other related
legal paper
The Contractor shall permit access to the site for personnel from academiclresearch
institutions duly approved by the employer so that they can collect relevant data for
making studies on performance of various: underground construction elements. The
Contractor shall make all such instrum$ntation data freely available to these
academidresearch institutions for academid<esearch purposes only.
2.9.9 Seepage Barriers
The contractor shall provide seepage walls or barriers to all external underground walls that
lie within public areas, staffrooms and plantrooms, except for pumprooms, ECS and Tunnel
Veniilation rooms, shafts and plenums. In the public area, the seepage barrier may be
provided by either a finished wall with air gap behind or by architectural finishes mounted on
framing attached to the external wall. In non-public areas a block or brickwork wall shall be
provided. In all cases the Contractor shall design the seepage gap with a seepage drainage
channel such that discolouration or water damage to the seepage walls cannot occur. Access
panels to inspect and maintain the drains shall be provided.
At platform level in the stations, the visual aspect of the platform walls must be aesthetically
pleasing and exposed diaphragm walls must be provided with a surface which will give a
uniform finish without distinct changes in colour or alignment. All external trackside
diaphragm walls must be either rendered or shotcreted or provided with another finish which
is acceptable to the Engineer.
DMRCl Volume 410utline Des~gnSpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2

Section 2.10 - SETTLEMENT AND BUILDING PROTECTION

2.10.1 General
The Contractor shall design both his temporary and permanent works to ensure that ground
movements at the ground are kept to an absolute minimum. The Contractor shall use proven
techniques. Good workmanship is essential to restrict ground loss. .
The Contractor shall be responsible for the control of all ground movements and for any
resulting damage to buildings, bridges, tracks and roads. The Contractor's attention is drawn
to the General Conditions of Contract and Employer's Requirements relating to repair of
damage should any arise as a result of the Contractor's construction activities.
The Contractor shall take due regard of the presence of utilities over and adjacent to the
Works. The Contractor shall carefully and regularly monitor the ground adjacent to open cut
excavations and along tunnel drives to determine the rate and magnitude of any settlements.
Settlement shall be limited such that any individual structure or buildings shall not suffer
damage greater than "Slight" as defined in the Damage Classification Table 2.10.1.
Settlement to Important Structures, Bridges, and Heritage Buildings shall be limited to
"Negligible" as defined in the Damage Classification Table 2.1 0.1.
The general approach to settlement control and building protection shall involve the
procedures described below.
2.10.2 Minimising Ground Movements
Station boxes shall be constructed in such a way as to minimise ground movements through
immediate installation of support to the ground and to minimise the inflow of water. Care
should be exercised to ensure that over excavation does not take place.
Construction from the surface shall be undertaken with due regard to the settlement
associated with the particular method chosen. In particular, the following methods will not be
permitted:
1. Use of ground anchors beneath adjacent buildings.
2. Non-recoverable timber ground support
Ground water lowering by pumping is not prohibited by either the current Delhi Government
Laws or Regulations. However, the Contractor shall take adequate precaution in using this
method which shall only be used inside the station box or cut & cover tunnel after the walls
have been installed. Necessary approval will be required from Delhi Water Board who will
offer guidance on disposal of water.
2.1 0.3 Prediction o f Ground Movements
The Contractor shall obtain consent from the Engineer for his proposed methods of
supporting and predicting settlements adjacent to structures. Proven methods based on
practical experience shall be used.
The Contractor shall provide predictive assessments of the anticipated ground movements
when making submittal for consent of his proposed method of construction of particular
sections of tunnel.
I
2.10.4 Structure Condition Survey

The Contractor shall undertake a condition survey of all structures within the zone of potential
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design Specitication/Geotechnical,Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 58

influence as determined by the Contractor's analysis which are anticipated to incur

movements in excess of the action level for Stage 1 specified below. 'Structures' includes all
surface and sub-surface structures including historical monuments, buildings, bridges, roads,
tunnels, utilities, culverts and sewers.
2.10.5 Assessment o f Impact o n Structures
The Contractor shall provide an assessment of the effect of the predicted movement on all
structures within the zone of influence.
Settlements shall be limited as defined in Sub-section 2.10.1 above.
Each building shall be categorised into one of the risk categories, in accordance with criteria
listed in column of the Damage Classification Table 2.10.1.
Depending upon the level of risk, precautionary and protective measures shall be proposed
by the Contractor and put into effect after consent from Engineer.
2.10.6 Staged Assessment
Assessment of the effects of settlement shall be undertaken in one, two or inree sfayes,
depending upon the findings at each stage, as described below:-
Stage 1
The effect of building foundations on the pattern of settlement is ignored. Any
structure where the predicted settlement is less than lOmm and the predicted ground
slope is less than 11500 need not be subject to further assessment. All other
structures within the zone of influence shall be subjected to a Stage 2 assessment.
Stage 2
Structures subject to settlemen: from bored tunnels shall be individually assessed
using a limiting tensile strain approach. This method of assessment takes into
account the tensile strains in the ground and uses a simple idealised model of the
building. Tried and tested references from the literature may be utilised as an
alternative.
In the case of cut and cover excavations, the assessment shall be based on the work
of Peck and Clough and O'Rourke using parameters derived from recent case
histories or any other tried and tested method.
Stage 3
All structures which are placed in Category 3 or above in the Damage Classification
Table 2.10.1, during the second stage assessment, shall be subjected to a further
settlement assessment. A structural survey shalt be undertaken by the Contractor to
determine the structural form and condition of a building, followed by an analysis of
how individual elements of the building would be affected by the predicted settlement.
The method, extent and detail of the analysis will be determined on a case-by-case
basis and may include, inter alia, an analysis of the soillstructure interaction,
structural behaviour, and the possible effects of differential stiffness of the
foundations.
As a result of the Stage 3 analysis, the requirement for any protective works shall be
established and the details of any protective works including designs and method of working
*
determined. Details of such works shall be submitted to the The Engineer for his consent.
2.10.7 Monitoring
DMRC/ Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 59

Monitoring of ground settlement shall be carried out during construction by the Contractor, to
check that the ground is behaving as predicted. The Contractor shall submit for the Engineer's
consent a monitoring system and procedures to immediately detect movements as specified
in Appendix 15, Real Time Monitoring of Employer's Requirement, Volume-3.
The extent of monitoring of structures shall be carried out on a case-by-case day to day or
more frequent basis depending upon the assessment of risk of damage. Special attention
shall be paid to the historical buildings located along the alignment. Monitoring shall begin
prior to commencement of the Works to enable base-line values to be determined accurately,
and shall continue until all settlements due to the underground works, as shown by the
monitoring, has effectively stopped for a period of three months.
The Contractor shall make monitoring results available for inspection by the The Engineer at
the construction site offices.
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical.Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSect~on-2

TABLE 2.10.1 : BUILDING DAMAGE CLASSIFICATION

\
Building Damage Classification'

(after Burland et al, 1977 and Boscardin and Cording, 1989) Q:
Description of Typical Damage and
c
of Degree of Likely Form o f Repair for Typical f2
Damage
Masonry Buildings Strain %
<-
0 Negligible Hairline cracks. Less than
0.05
1 very Fine cracks easily treated during normal 0.1 to 1 0.05 to
Slight redecorations. Perhaps isolated slight 0.075
fracture in building. Cracks in exterior
brickwork visible upon close inspection.
2 Slight Cracks easily'filled. Redecoration probably 1 to 5 0.075 to
required. Several slight fractures inside 0.15
building. Exterior cracks visible : some
repointing may be required for weather
tightness. Doors and windows may stick
slightly.
3 Moderate Cracks may require cutting out and 5 to 15 or a 0.15 to
patching. Recurrent cracks can be masked number of 0.3
by suitable linings. Tack-pointing and cracks greater
possibly replacement of a small amount of than 3
exterior brickwork may be required. Doors
and windows sticking. Utility services may
be interrupted. Water tightness often
impaired.
4 Severe Extensive repair involving removal and 15 to 25 but Greater
replacement of sections of walls, especially also depends than 0.3
over doors and windows required. Windows on number of
and door frames distorted. Floor slopes cracks
noticeably. Walls lean or bulge noticeably,
some loss of bearing in beams. Utility
On
.- services disrupted. . .
5 Very Severe Major repair required involving partial or Usually greater

complete reconstruction. Beams lose
than 25 but
bearing,---walls lean badly and require
shoring. Windows broken by distortion. depends
Danger of instability. number of
cracks
Notes : 1. The table is based on the work of Burland et al (1977) and includes typical maximum
tensile strains for the various damage categories (column 5) used in the stage 2
settlement analysis.
2. Crack width is only one aspect of damage and should not be used on its own as a
direct measure of it. 3
DMRCl Volume 410utline Design SpecificationlGeotechnical,Foundations and Tunnel WorkslSection -2 61

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DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION LIMITED

Design and Construction of Tunnels from Ch. (-)785.912 near

CONTRACT NO: CC-34(UG-5)

DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION LTD.

Design and Construction of Tunnels from Ch. (-)785.912

CONTRACT NO: CC-34(UG-5)

DELMl METRO RAIL CORPORATION LTD.

CONTRACT CC-34 (UG-5)

1.1 GENERAL, CODES AND STANDARDS

1.1. I Purpose and Scope

lndian Railway Standards

Indian Roads Congress Standards

Bureau of lndian Standards Codes

1.2 GEOMETRIC DESIGN CRITERIA

1.3 RAILWAY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1.3.2 Railway Cross Sections and Structure Gauges

1.4 DESIGN LIFE AND SERVICEABILITY

1.4.3 (Not used)

14 5 Serviceability of Clvll and Bullding Works

1.5 LOADS AND REQUIREMENTS

DMRCINolume-410utline Design SpecificationlContents

1.5.2 Nominal Loads

1.5.3 Loading Combinations

I5.4 Design Loads

1.5.5 (Not Used)

Erection Forces and Effects

Shrinkage and Creep

Live Loads in Stations

Loads due to Equipment

GENERAL STANDARDS AND CODES

2.1 .I Purpose and Scope

2.1.2 Codes Standards and Regulations

British Standards Institution

2.1.3 Design Considerations

SITE INVESTIGATIONS AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS

2.2.2 Investigation Requirements

2.2.3 Investigation Methods

LABORATORY TESTING METHODS

2.2.4 General Methods

2.2.5 lndexlClassification Testing of Soil Samples

2.2.6 Strength Testing of Soil Samples

2.2.7 Consolidation Testing of Soil Samples

DMRCINolume-410utline Design SpecificationIContents

2.2.8 Permeability Testing of Soil Samples

2.3 (Not Used)

2.4 (Not Used)

2.5 (Not Used)

2.6 (Not Used)

2.7.1 Method Statement

2.7.2 Types and General methods of Analyses

2.7.3 Design Considerations

2.7.5 Loading Conditions

2.7.7 Heave and Settlement

2.7.8 Tunnel Linings

2.7.9 Segmental Lining

2.7.10 As-Built Tolerances

2.7.1 1 Segment Details

2.7.12 Conventional Tunnel Lining

2.7.13 Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and Shields

2.7.15 ,Temporary Access or Retrieval Shafts

2.7.16 Temporary Access Shaft on Road Alignment

2.7.17 Underpinning of Existing Structures