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Smart Grid and Power Quality (PQ) Issues
Smart Grid and Power Quality (PQ) Issues
Smart Grid and Power Quality (PQ) Issues
Abstract- If power quality is poor, then it beeomes the major these places it is not possible to give the supply from the
issue due to mal-operation of the equipments, inerease in loss and central grid. Many area are hilly or forest or deep forest. It is
heat, over burdening of the power system. This is due to the not feasible as wen as economical to lay the lines[4]. Due to
widespread use of sensitive mieroproeessor-based eontrols and huge, tall trees & bamboo bushes the breakdown occurs
power eleetronies deviees for higher efficieney, pf improvements, frequently on electricallines causing interruptions in supply of
and adjustable speed drives ete. The proliferation of large electricity. To provide the electricity to all with conventional
computer systems into many businesses and eommereial facilities. plant is not economical and feasible . The environment
The development of power eleetronies equipment for improving constraint of polluted air and water are on the verge of
system stability, operation, and efficieney (these devices are a
explosion. To avoid an the mentioned constrain the renewable
major souree of bad power quality and are themselves vulnerable
energy sources are the most appropriate. These sources are
to such quality of power) Huge eeonomic losses will take plaee if
equipment fails or malfunetions. environmental friendly as weil as easy to erect.
The peak demand of the year 2014-15 was only 148166
Keywords--Smarl grid, Power Quality, user inconvenience, MW, but still cannot satisfy the demand. There is shortage of
peak load reduction, harmonics. 4.7 %, this is due to many reasons; an the plants cannot be put
working all the time, some plants are under maintenance and
I. INTRODUCTION Renewable energy source are not available an the time. One
more reason is power quality. If power quality is poor, then it
In the year 2013, India became the world's third largest becomes the major issue due to mal-operation of the
producer of electricity, surpassing Japan and Russia, with 4.8% equipments, increase in loss and heat, over burdening of the
global share in electricity generation [I]. As on Jan 2016; India power system. This is due to the widespread use of sensitive
had an installed capacity of 288.005 G W [2]. Among this total microprocessor-based controls and power electronics devices
installed capacity, Renewable Power plants constituted 28% for higher efficiency, pf improvements, and adjustable speed
and Non-Renewable Power Plants constituted the remaining drives etc. The proliferation of large computer systems into
72%. During the fmancial year 2014-15; the gross electricity many businesses and commercial facilities. The development
generated by utilities is 1,106 TWh (1 ,106,000 GWh) and 166 ofpower electronics equipment for improving system stability,
TWh by captive power plants. Auxiliary power consumption of operation, and efficiency (these devices are a major source of
the power generation plants is also included in gross electricity bad power quality and are themselves vulnerable to such
generation [3]. Figure 1 shows the power generation scenario quality of power) Huge economic losses will take place if
ofIndia. equipment fails or malfunctions.
Hydro
b. Frequency
c. Wave shape
RES
Voltage magnitude:
Figure I . Indian scenario ofpower g eneration oDue to Disturbances e.g. transients (switchingi lightning),
faults etc. (resulting in voltage sag, swell, oscillatory and
According to the ministry of new and renewable energy; impulsive waveform, interruption)
people living in India' s rural areas and some urban areas still
had no access to electricity. This count is more than 400 oDue to Steady State Variations e.g. nonlinear
million people, about 47.5%. Because of the remoteness of characteristics of loads, furnace/induction heating loads,
Long Duration Voltage Variations Traetion drives Transforrner, switehgear, power Overheating, inereased power
eables eonsumption
Interruptions Start oflarge motor loads
Proteetive Relays Mal-operation, nuisanee tripping
Waveform Distortion Are furnaees
Power electronics Mal-operation, failure
Voltage Fluetuation (flieker) Interrnittent loads transients
Control & automation Erratic operation
Frequeney Variation Lightning
Power capacitors High eurrent, failure due to over
Harmonies Switehing, transients load
Faults
-Detuned filters -7%, 14%, tuned filters, - it reduee the [3] "Growth of Eleetrieity Seetor in India from 1947-2015". CEA, India.
Harmonie & eompensate the Reaetive power but limitation are http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/growth _2015 .pdf
Resonanee with line impedanee & Heavy and bulky. [4] Ministry of new and renewable energy
http://mnre.gov .in/sehemes/deeentral ized-systems/
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonies_ %28eleetrieal_power%29
REFERENCES
[I] BP Statistieal Review ofWorld Energy, June 2015
[2] "Power seetor at glanee", Ministry of power
http://powermin .n ie. in/power-seetor-glanee-all-ind ia