UNIT 2

He said they were lost.

 Direct and Indirect Speech

She says: "I like tuna fish." Direct

She says that she likes tuna fish. Indirect
She said: "I'm visiting Paris next weekend." Direct
She said that she was visiting Paris the
following weekend. Indirect
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
 Helping Verb
“กรณีที่มี helping verb ในประโยค
ให้ เปลี่ยน helping verb เป็ นอดีต”
กรณีที่มีกริ ยาช่วย หรื อ helping verb ในประโยค ให้ เปลี่ยน กริ ยาช่วย เป็ นอดีตเพิ่มขึ ้น

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

would
will
Peter said, "I will see you soon." Peter said that he would see him
soon."

shall should
She said, "I shall eat cheese." She said she should eat cheese.

could
can
'Can I borrow your jumper?' - 'He asked me if he could borrow
my jumper.'
กรณีที่มีกริ ยาช่วย หรื อ helping verb ในประโยค ให้ เปลี่ยน กริ ยาช่วย เป็ นอดีตเพิ่มขึ ้น

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

might
may
"I may have to cancel the party." He said he might have to cancel
the party.
had to
must They insisted they must/had to leave
'We must leave right now.' straightaway. ( จะเปลี่ยน must เป็ น had to
หรื อไม่ก็ได้ )
 Helping Verb
“helping verb ต่อไปนี ้ ไม่ต้องเปลี่ยน”
 กริ ยาช่วยต่อไปนี ้ไม่ต้องเปลี่ยน เมื่อเปลี่ยนจากประโยค direct speech เป็ น
indirect speech
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Would Would
She said, "I would eat cheese." She said she would eat cheese.

Could Could
She said, "I could eat meat." She said she could eat meat.

Should Should
She said, "I should exercise." She said she should exercise.
 กริ ยาช่วยต่อไปนี ้ไม่ต้องเปลี่ยน เมื่อเปลี่ยนจากประโยค direct speech เป็ น
indirect speech
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Might Might
She said, "I might eat salad." She said, "I might eat salad."

Ought to
Ought to
She said, "I ought to eat She said she ought to eat cheese.
cheese."
tomor now
row
here today

3. place and time expression

 3. เปลีย่ นแปลงคำที่บอกสถำนที่ และเวลำ (place and time expression)
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

She said, "I work here." She said she worked there.

They said, "we are eating now." They said they were eating then.

You said, "she sings today." You said she sang that day.

He said, "I will come tomorrow." He said he would come the following
day.

การเปลี่ยนประโยค direct speech เป็ นประโยค indirect speech นักเรี ยนต้ อง

เปลี่ยนคาที่แสดงสถานที่ และสานวนบอกเวลาด้ วย
Prepositions
 คำแสดงสถำนที่ และสำนวนบอกเวลำ (Prepositions)
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

this that
these those
here there
now then / at the time
today that day / yesterday
 คำแสดงสถำนที่ และสำนวนบอกเวลำ (Prepositions)
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
the day before / the previous
yesterday day
a week before / the previous
a week ago / last week week
the month before / the
last month previous month
next year/month the following year/month
in three years three years from then
 'I'm going to see my mother tomorrow.'

Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother the

next day.
 Mark: 'I went to London last week.'

He added (that) he had gone to London the week

before.
 Sue: 'I must leave now!'

She told me (that) she had to leave then.

 Peter: 'I don't like this house.'

Peter said (that) he didn't like that house.

 Peter: 'I can't live here.'

Peter told us (that) he couldn't live there.

ในบางครัง้
เปลี่ยน come go
เปลี่ยน bring take
NOTES
REPORTING VERBS

SAID, TOLD, ASKED

 SAID, TOLD and ASKED are the most common verbs used
NOTES: in indirect speech.

1. We use asked to report questions:-

I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.
2. We use told with an object.
Lynne told me she felt tired. (!Note - Here me is the object.)
3. We usually use said without an object.
Lynne said she was going to teach online.
If said is used with an object we must include to;
Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China. (!Note - We
usually use told.)
Lynne told me (that) she'd never been to China.
4. There are many other verbs we
can use apart from said, told and
asked.
These include:
accused, admitted, advised, alleged,
agreed, apologized, begged, boasted,
complained, denied, explained, implied,
invited, offered, ordered, promised,
replied, suggested and thought.
 Ben asked me to come to the party.

Ben invited (เชิญ) me to the party.

Ben begged (ขอ/วิงวอน) me to come to the party.
Ben ordered (สัง่ ) me to come to the party.
Ben advised (แนะนำ) me to come to the party.
Ben suggested (เสนอแนะ) I should come to the party.
Use of 'That' in reported speech
THAT
 In reported speech, the word that is often used
► He told me that he lived in Las Vegas.
However, that is optional.

► He told me he lived in Greenwich.

That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.

► He asked me if I would come to the party.

 Sentences
1. Indirect statements

2. Indirect questions and exclamations

3. Indirect imperatives and requests

1. Indirect statements
direct speech เป็ นประโยคบอกเล่า (statement) ให้
นักเรี ยนใช้ that หลัง reporting clause หรื อละ that ก็ได้
- David: I don't know her.
- David told me that he didn't know her. หรื อ
- David told me he didn't know her.
2. Indirect questions and exclamations
เรี ยงคาเหมือนประโยคบอกเล่า (statements) เรี ยงจาก
S+V และไม่ต้องใช้ เครื่ องหมายคาถามท้ ายประโยค (question
mark) ให้ ใช้ เครื่ องหมาย full stop
 2.1 YES / NO QUESTIONS
ใช้ if หรื อ whether (ว่า) มาเชื่อมระหว่าง reporting
clause + if/whether + clause (with no inversion)
- Alex: Have you booked the tickets for the concert?
- Alex was wondering if/whether I had booked the tickets
for the concert.
- Mary: Is there a wireless network available in the library?
- Mary inquired if/whether there was a wireless network
available in the library.
 2.2 WH-QUESTIONS
ใช้ คาแสดงคาถาม (question word) คาเดิม (who, what,
when, where, how etc.) มาเชื่อมระหว่าง reporting clause +
wh-clause (with no inversion)
• Peggy: Where do you live?
• Peggy asked me where I lived.

• Rick: Who are you waiting for?

• Rick wanted to know who I was waiting for.
 ประโยคอทุ ำน (exclamation)
• Sam: How funny!
• Sam exclaimed how funny it was.
• Ben said, “Alas! I am undone”.
• Ben exclaimed sadly that he was undone.
รายงานประโยคคาถามให้ สภุ าพมากขึ ้น
Could you tell me how I can get to the airport?
Do you know if this shop sells second hand records?
Can you remember what time the play starts?
2. Indirect imperatives and requests
ใช้ to (หรื อ to-infinitive structure) แล้ วตามด้ วยกริ ยา
ช่องที่ 1 ได้ เลย แต่ถ้าเป็ นประโยคคาสัง่ ห้ าม (Negative
Imperative) ให้ ใช้ not to + กริ ยาช่องที่ 1
• Mother: Put away your toys, Pete.
• Pete's mother told him to put away his toys.
• Teacher: Everybody, please stand up.
• The teacher asked the class to stand up.
 DIRECT REQUEST INDIRECT REQUEST

“Please help me”. She asked me to help her.

“Please don't smoke”. She asked me not to smoke.

“Could you bring my book tonight?” She asked me to bring her book that
night.

“Could you pass the milk, please” She asked me to pass the milk.
 tell remi
forbid instruct nd
warn request
ask urge order
com
beg mand want