Population Distribution and Composition: Tools of Demography

COUNT RATIO PROPORTION RATE Where,

𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 (𝑘)
𝑏 𝒂+𝒃
a = a set of observations
b = another set of observations
𝑎 k = factor size
(𝑘) (𝑘)
𝑁×𝒕 N = total number of observations
t = amount of time

Special type of
Absolute numbers of ratio in which the
A single number Measures the amount
a demographic event numerator is part
that represents the of change (number of
occurring over a of the denominator,
relative size of new events) in a
specified period, where one of the
two numbers given period of time
area and time factors is a subset
of the other

 Very limited  e.g. Maternal  most health  Takes TIME into

description mortality ratio indicators are account
 May give false  no. of proportions!  Some “rates” are
picture, maternal actually just
especially when deaths ÷ no. ratios…misnomers…
comparing of live births .
populations

3. population distribution
 how populations are scattered across space
 (A) location of population in geographic subdivisions of a given area
 (1) urban-rural distribution
 Distribution of population accdg to place of residence (urban vs rural)
 “level of urbanization”
 # urban / (# urban + # rural) * 100 (or some factor k)
 PH 2010 – 45.3%
 (B) size of population relative to a given area
 (2) population density
 Measures the average number of persons per unit area of space
 (3) crowding index
 More specific measure of density
 Crowding index is preferred esp for highly urbanized areas that have multiple floors, which cannot be accounted for using <unit area
of space> alone
 Household crowding index
o Total number of persons in the household ÷ number of rooms in the house

Formula Interpret
Crude death rate, CDR #𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 (𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑠)
𝐶𝐷𝑅 = × 100
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(Specific) cause-/age-specific 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒, 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑋 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 < 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑝 >
death rate #𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 (𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑋)𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
=
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
Fertility indicators
Formula Interpret
(1) Crude birth rate, CBR # of children born per 1k population in
# 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠 (𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟) a given place during in a particular
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 1000 time;
𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
“how fast are children being born into
the population per unit of time?”
(2) General fertility rate, GFR # 𝑟𝑒𝑔′𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠 (𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟) # of children born per 1000 women in
𝐺𝐹𝑅 = × 1000 the reproductive age groups (15-49) in
𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑝 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟒𝟒
a given place during a particular time
(3) Age-specific fertility rate, # of children born per 1000 women in a
ASFR # 𝑟𝑒𝑔′ 𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑝 ∗ particular age-group;
𝐴𝑆𝐹𝑅 = × 1000 Measures fertility level of each sub-
𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑝 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑝, 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒, 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
group of women accdg to age
(4) Total fertility rate, TFR # of children who would be born per
woman (or per 1000 women) if she/they
𝐺𝐹𝑅 = ∑𝐴𝑆𝐹𝑅(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 − 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑠) were to pass through the childbearing
years bearing children accdg to the
current level of ASFRs in the place and
time considered

Morbidity Indicators
Formula Interpret

Formula Interpret

Formula Interpret

Formula Interpret

Formula Interpret