JAMI

AMI
LLI
AISLAMI
A.NEW DELHI
B

FACULTYOFLAW

Submi
tt
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o: PROF.
DRYASDHANI
Submi
tt
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:MANI
KKAPOOR

(
Facul
tyofLaw,
Jami
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Rol
lno.16BLW008

6t
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thepr
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tedNat
ionsConf
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Facul
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Toachi
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ional
Conser
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rat
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NCS)
f
ormul
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elopment
,theNat
ional
Conser
vat
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rat
egy
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NCS)f
ormul
atedi
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ii
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n1990hassi
xpr
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inci
ples.Theyar
e-(
i)St
abi
l
izat
ionof
popul
ati
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ii
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egr
atedl
anduseandwat
ermanagement
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i
i)Conser
vat
ion
ofbi
ologi
cal
div
ersi
ty;
(iv
)Int
egr
atedl
anduseandwat
ermanagement
;(i
i
i)
Conser
vat
ionofbi
ologi
cal
div
ersi
ty;
(iv
)Sust
ainabl
eener
gyandr
esour
ceut
il
izat
ion;
(
v)Pol
l
uti
oncont
rol
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vi)I
mpr
ovementSust
ainabl
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l
RESEARCHMETHDOLOGY

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msandObj
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Theai
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Conf
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ionsand
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Thought
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oll
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nthecour
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ch paperi
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pr
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ModeofCi
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ion:

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cherhasf
oll
owed a uni
for
m modeofci
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hroughoutt
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cour
seoft
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esear
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que:

Ther
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sbasi
cal
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yfr
om booksonCPC.

Sour
cesofDat
a:

1.Ar
ti
cles
2.BooksWebsi
tes
TABLEOFCONTENTS

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

1.SUSTAI
NABLEDEVELOPMENT

2.HI
STORYOFSUSTAI
NABLEDEVELOPMENT

3.SUSTAI
NABLEDEVELOPMENTI
NINDI
A

4.SUSTAI
NABLEDEVELOPMENTRI
O20CONFERENCE

5.PRECAUTI
ONARYPRI
NCI
PLE

6.POLLUTERPAYSPRI
NCI
PLE

7.ENVI
RONMENTALI
MPACTASSESSMENT

CONCLUSI
ON

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY

I
NTRODUCTI
ON:
-
7Conser
vat
ion of Nat
ure al
ong wi
th t
he UN Env
ironment Pr
ogr
am and

t
he 
Wor
ld 
Wil
dli
feFund,pr
omot
edt
he 
i
deaof
 env
ironment
al 
prot
ect
ioni
n t
hesel
f-

Wor
ld 
Wil
dli
fe Fund,pr
omot
ed t
he 
i
dea of
 env
ironment
al 
prot
ect
ion i
n t
he sel
f-
1
i
nter
estoft
hehumanspeci
es.I
nter
estoft
hehumanspeci
es.

I
n 1987,
 
the 
UN-
sponsor
ed 
Brundt
land 
Commi
ssi
on 
r easedOur
el  Common 
 Fut
ure 
,a

r
epor
tthatcapt
uredwi
despr
eadconcer
nsaboutt
heenv
ironmentand,ar
epor
tthat

capt
uredwi
despr
eadconcer
nsaboutt
heenv
ironmentand 
 pov
ert
yinmanypar
tsof

t
hewor
ld.TheBr
undt
landr
epor
tsai
dthateconomi
c pov
ert
yinmanypar
tsoft
he

wor
ld.TheBr
undt
landr
epor
tsai
dthateconomi
c dev
elopmentcannotst
op,buti
t

mustchangecour
set
ofi
twi
thi
nthepl
anet
'
sdev
elopmentcannotst
op,buti
tmust

changecour
set
ofi
twi
thi
nthepl
anet
'
s ecol
ogi
call
i
mit
s.I
tal
sopopul
ari
zedt
het
erm

sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
.ecol
ogi
call
i
mit
s.I
tal
sopopul
ari
zedt
het
erm sust
ainabl
e

dev
elopment
.

Wor
ld 
att
ent
ion 
on 
sust
ainabi
l
ity
 peaked 
at 
the 
1992 
UN 
Conf
erence 
onWor
ld 
att
ent
i

on 
on 
sust
ainabi
l
ity
 peaked 
at 
the 
1992 
UN 
Conf
erence 
on 
Env
ironment and

Dev
elopment
,in Ri
o de Janei
ro.I
tbr
oughtt
oget
hert
he 179Env
ironmentand

Dev
elopment
,inRi
odeJanei
ro.I
tbr
oughtt
oget
hert
he179 
nat
ionsandi
ncl
udedt
he

Ear
thSummi
t,t
hel
argest
-ev
ermeet
ingofwor
ldl
eader
s.nat
ionsandi
ncl
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Ear
th Summi
t,t
he l
argest
-ev
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ldl
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s. 
Rio pr
oduced t
wo

1
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lawnot
es.
in
i
nter
nat
ionalagr
eement
s,t
wo st
atement
sofpr
inci
plesand aRi
o pr
oduced t
wo

i
nter
nat
ionalagr
eement
s,t
wost
atement
sofpr
inci
plesanda 
maj
oract
ionagenda

on wor
ldwi
de sust
ainabl
e dev
elopment
.maj
or act
ion agenda on wor
ldwi
de
2
sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
.

I
nthey
ear2002,
thati
steny
ear
saf
tert
heEar
thSummi
tinRi
o,t
heWor
ldI
nthey
ear

2002,t
hati
sten y
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s af
tert
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tin Ri
o,t
he Wor
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Summi
tfor

Sust
ainabl
e Dev
elopmentwas hel
din Johannesbur
g.Her
e Canada Summi
tfor

Sust
ainabl
e Dev
elopmentwas hel
din Johannesbur
g.Her
e Canada 
submi
tt
ed a

documentr
efl
ect
ingt
hepr
ogr
essofal
lfeder
aldepar
t s3.Submi
ment tt
edadocument

r
efl
ect
ingt
hepr
ogr
essofal
lfeder
al 
depar
tment
s.

SUSTAI
NABLEDEVELOPMENTI
NINDI
A

Al
thoughI
ndi
ahast
radi
ti
onali
nst
it
uti
ons,pr
act
ici
ngSust
ainabl
eDev
elopment
,the

Ri
o Summi
t1992 and WSSD 2002 commi
tment
shav
e changed ourpol
i
cyand

pl
an.
Summi
t1992andWSSD2002commi
tment
shav
echangedourpol
i
cyandpl
an.

To 
achi
eve sust
ainabl
e dev
elopment
,the Nat
ionalConser
vat
ion St
rat
egy(
NCS)

f
ormul
atedachi
evesust
ainabl
edev
elopment
,theNat
ionalConser
vat
ionSt
rat
egy

(
NCS)f
ormul
ated 
i
n1990hassi
xpr
imar
ypr
inci
ples.Theyar
e-(
i)St
abi
l
izat
ionof

popul
ati
ongr
owt
h;(
ii
)i
n1990hassi
xpr
imar
ypr
inci
ples.Theyar
e-(
i)St
abi
l
izat
ionof

popul
ati
ongr
owt
h;(
ii
) 
Int
egr
atedl
anduseandwat
ermanagement
;(i
i
i)Conser
vat
ion

of bi
ologi
caldi
ver
sit
y;(
iv)
Int
egr
ated l
and use and wat
er management
;(i
i
i)

Conser
vat
ionofbi
ologi
caldi
ver
sit
y;(
iv)
 Sust
ainabl
eener
gyandr
esour
ceut
il
izat
ion;

(
v)Pol
l
uti
on cont
rol
;and (
vi)I
mpr
ovementSust
ainabl
e ener
gy and r
esour
ce

2
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opment
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p.nd.
webi
bid07/sustainabledevelopment
ut
il
izat
ion;
(v)Pol
l
uti
oncont
rol
;and(
vi)I
mpr
ovement
 ofhumanhabi
tat
s.Fol
l
owedby

NCS,
Env
ironment
alAct
ionPr
ogr
am (
EAP)andNat
ionalFor
est
ryAct
ionFol
l
owedby

NCS, Env
ironment
al Act
ion Pr
ogr
am (
EAP) and Nat
ional For
est
ry

Act
ion 
Plan 
(NFAP)
 wer
e f
ormul
ated 
towar
ds 
the 
obj
ect
ive 
of 
Sust
ainabl
e Dev
elopm

ent
 of
 Pl
an 
(NFAP)
 wer
e f
ormul
ated 
towar
ds 
the 
obj
ect
ive 
of 
Sust
ainabl
e Dev
elopme

nt
 of
  
Indi
a. 
Thr
ee 
i
mpor
tant
 gov
ernment
 cont
ri
but
ions 
to 
env
ironment
 and 
sust
ainab

l
eIndi
a. 
Thr
ee 
i
mpor
tant
 gov
ernment
 cont
ri
but
ions 
to 
env
ironment
 and 
sust
ainabl
e d

ev
elopmentov
ert
hepastoneandhal
fdecadesar
esummar
izedbel
ow:
dev
elopment

ov
ert
hepastoneandhal
fdecadesar
esummar
izedbel
ow:

SUSTAI
NABLEDEVELOPMENT

•
•

For
mul
ati
on 
and 
enf
orcement
 of
 pol
i
cy 
and 
l
egal
 
inst
rument
s. 
Exampl
e:For
mul
ati
on 

and 
enf
orcement
 of
 pol
i
cy 
and 
l
egal
 
inst
rument
s. 
Exampl
e: 
Conser
vat
ion 
Str
ategy
, 
A

mendment
 of
 out
dat
ed 
Act
s or
 Enact
ment
 of
 Conser
vat
ion 
Str
ategy
, 
Amendment
 of
 

out
dat
ed 
Act
s or
 Enact
ment
 of
  
compr
ehensi
ve new ones l
i
ke t
he For
est

Conser
vat
ion Actand t
heEnv
ironment
compr
ehensi
venew onesl
i
ket
heFor
est

Conser
vat
ionActandt
heEnv
ironment
 (
Prot
ect
ion)Act
;and(
Prot
ect
ion)Act
;and

•
•

I
mpl
ement
ati
onofpr
ogr
amsandpr
oject
sforSD.
Impl
ement
ati
onofpr
ogr
amsand

pr
oject
sforSD.
Dur
ingt
hel
ate1970sandear
ly1980s,manypeopl
ear
guedt
hat

dev
elopmentmustt
akeDur
ing 
thel
ate1970s 
andear
ly1980s,many
 peopl
ear
gued

t
hat dev
elopment
 must
t
ake 
 pr
ior
it
y ov
er 
env
ironment
al 
concer
ns 
and 
that
 env
ironment
 was 
an 
eli
ti
st 
conce

r
n -
- 
pri
ori
ty ov
erenv
ironment
alconcer
ns and t
hatenv
ironmentwas an el
i
tist

concer
n -
-

 
meant
 onl
y 
for
 t
he 
ri
ch.
 I
n 1982,
 
the 
fi
rst
 ci
ti
zens’
 
repor
t 
on 
themeant
 onl
y 
for
 t
he 
ri
c

h.
 I
n 1982,t
he 
fi
rst
 ci
ti
zens’
 
repor
t 
on 
thewhi
chAgar
walconcept
ual
i
sedandedi
ted,

pr
ovi
dedt
hesoci
alr
ati
onal
efor
 ,whi
chAgar
walconcept
ual
i
sedandedi
ted,
prov
ided

t
he soci
al r
ati
onal
e

f
or 
 dev
elopi
ng 
count
ri
es 
to 
take 
env
ironment
al 
concer
ns 
i
nto 
account
. 
It
 r
esol
ved 
th
4
edev
elopi
ng 
count
ri
es 
to 
take 
env
ironment
al 
concer
ns 
i
nto 
account
.  

I
t 
resol
ved 
the 
env
ironmentv
s.dev
elopmentdebat
egl
obal
l
yandf
inal
l
yev
olv
edi
nto

t
heconceptof
 env
ironmentv
s.dev
elopmentdebat
egl
obal
l
yandf
inal
l
yev
olv
edi
nto

t
he concept of
  
‘sust
ainabl
e dev
elopment
’in t
he Br
undt
land Commi
ssi
on

r
epor
t.
‘sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
’int
heBr
undt
landCommi
ssi
onr
epor
t.
Thei
nter
est

i
nsust
ainabi
l
ityt
hatf
lour
isheddur
ingt
hatper
iodwasspur
redbyaser
iesof
 The

i
nter
esti
nsust
ainabi
l
ityt
hatf
lour
isheddur
ingt
hatper
iodwasspur
redbyaser
ies

of
  
inci
dent
sanddi
scov
eri
es,i
ncl
udi
ngt
hel
eakofpoi
sonousgasf
rom achemi
cal

pl
antat
inci
dent
s and di
scov
eri
es,i
ncl
udi
ng t
he l
eakofpoi
sonous gas f
rom a

chemi
cal
plantat
 Bhopal
,I
ndi
a,t
heexpl
osi
onandr
adi
oact
iver
eleasef
rom Cher
noby
l,

Ukr
aine,t
he hol
einBhopal
,Indi
a,t
he expl
osi
on and r
adi
oact
iver
elease f
rom

Cher
noby
l,Ukr
aine,t
hehol
ein 
theAnt
arct
icozonel
ayer
,leaki
ngt
oxi
cchemi
cal

dumps,
suchasLov
eCanal
,gener
alt
heAnt
arct
icozonel
ayer
,leaki
ngt
oxi
cchemi
cal

dumps,such as Lov
e Canal
,gener
al 
fear
s aboutchemi
calcont
ami
nat
ion and

conf
li
ctsov
erdecr
easi
ngnat
ural
resour
cessuchf
ear
saboutchemi
cal
cont
ami
nat
ion

andconf
li
ctsov
erdecr
easi
ngnat
uralr
esour
cessuch 
asf
orest
sandf
isher
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as

4
ht
tp:
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undt
landcommssi
onr
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t/sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
ri
o+20
f
orest
sandf
isher
ies.

PRECAUTI
ONARYPRI
NCI
PLE

The 
pri
nci
ples 
stat
es 
that
 t
he 
Gov
ernment
 and 
the 
stat
utor
y bodi
es 
must
 t
akeThe 
pri

nci
ples 
stat
es 
that
 t
he 
Gov
ernment
 and 
the 
stat
utor
y bodi
es 
must
 t
ake 
env
ironment
a

lmeasur
est
oant
ici
pat
epr
eventandat
tackt
hecausesofenv
ironment
almeasur
es

t
oant
ici
pat
epr
eventandat
tackt
hecausesofenv
ironment
al 
degr
adat
ion.
 I
nthese

ci
rcumst
ancest
he 
‘
onusof
 pr
oof
’ison 
theact
or 
or 
 t
hedev
eloper
/i
ndust
ri
ali
stt
o

show t
hathi
sact
ioni
senv
ironment
all
ybeni
gn.
thedev
eloper
/i
ndust
ri
ali
stt
oshow

t
hathi
sact
ioni
senv
ironment
all
ybeni
gn.

POLLUTER 
PAYSPRI
NCI
PLE

Pol
l
uter Pay
s Pr
inci
ple(
PPP) has been dev
eloped by t
he Or
gani
sat
ion of

Economi
cPol
l
uter
 Pay
s Pr
inci
ple 
(PPP)
 has 
been 
dev
eloped 
by 
the 
Organi
sat
ion 
of 
E

conomi
c Cooper
ati
on 
and 
Dev
elopment
 (
OECD)
 as 
one 
of 
the 
pri
nci
ples 
for
 al
l
ocat
io

n 
of 
Cooper
ati
on 
and 
Dev
elopment
 (
OECD)
 as 
one 
of 
the 
pri
nci
ples 
for
 al
l
ocat
ion 
of 
 

ent
it
lement
s.Thepr
inci
plebasi
cal
l
ymeanst
hatt
hepr
oducerofgoodsorot
her

i
temsent
it
lement
s.Thepr
inci
plebasi
cal
l
ymeanst
hatt
hepr
oducerofgoodsorot
her

i
tems 
shoul
dber
esponsi
blef
ort
hecost
sofpr
event
ingordeal
i
ngwi
thpol
l
uti
on

whi
cht
heshoul
dber
esponsi
blef
ort
hecost
sofpr
event
ingordeal
i
ngwi
thpol
l
uti
on
whi
cht
he 
 pr
ocesscauses.Thi
sincl
udesenv
ironment
alcost
saswel
last
hedi
rect

cost
stopr
oper
ty 
processcauses.Thi
sincl
udesenv
ironment
alcost
saswel
last
he

di
rectcost
stopr
oper
ty 
orpeopl
e.PPPf
indsapr
omi
nentpl
acei
ntheRi
oDecl
arat
ion

of 1992. Pr
inci
ple 16 of

t
he 
Decl
arat
ion 
procl
aims 
that
 nat
ional
 
aut
hor
it
ies 
shoul
d endeav
our
 t
o pr
omot
e t
he

Decl
arat
ion 
procl
aims 
that
 nat
ional
 
aut
hor
it
ies 
shoul
d endeav
our
 t
o pr
omot
e t
he 
i
nte

r
nal
i
zat
ionofenv
ironment
alcost
sandt
heuseofeconomi
cinst
rument
s,t
aki
ngi
nto

i
nter
nal
i
sat
ionofenv
ironment
alcost
sandt
heuseofeconomi
cinst
rument
s,t
aki
ng

i
nto 
accountt
heappr
oacht
hatt
hepol
l
utershoul
d,i
npr
inci
ple,beart
hecostof

pol
l
uti
on,wi
thaccountt
heappr
oacht
hatt
hepol
l
utershoul
d,i
npr
inci
ple,beart
he

cost of pol
l
uti
on,

wi
th 
due 
regar
d t
o t
he 
publ
i
c i
nter
est
 and 
wit
hout
 di
stor
ti
ng 
i
nter
nat
ional
 
trade 
anddu

e 
regar
d t
o t
he 
publ
i
c i
nter
est
 and 
wit
hout
 di
stor
ti
ng 
i
nter
nat
ional
 
trade 
and 
i
nvest
me

nt
.i
nvest
ment
.

Aspert
hispr
inci
pleoncet
heact
ivi
tycar
ri
edonanyper
sonori
ndust
ryi
sAspert
his

pr
inci
ple once t
he act
ivi
ty car
ri
ed on any per
son ori
ndust
ryi
s hazar
dous or

i
nher
ent
lydanger
ous,
theper
soncar
ryi
ngonsuchact
ivi
tyi
sli
abl
etomakehazar
dous

ori
nher
ent
lydanger
ous,t
heper
soncar
ryi
ngonsuchact
ivi
tyi
sli
abl
etomake 
good

t
hel
osscausedt
oanyot
herper
sonbyhi
sact
ivi
tyi
rr
espect
iveoft
hef
actwhet
her

hegoodt
hel
osscausedt
oanyot
herper
sonbyhi
sact
ivi
tyi
rr
espect
iveoft
hef
act

whet
herhe 
tookr
easonabl
ecar
ewhi
l
ecar
ryi
ngonhi
sact
ivi
ty.
tookr
easonabl
ecar
e
5
whi
l
ecar
ryi
ngonhi
sact
ivi
ty .

5
ht
tp:
//www.
scr
ibdar
ti
cle/
sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
Thust pose i
hepur s t
oensur
ethatt
he 
dev
elopment
alact
ivi
ti
esmustbecar
ri
ed

on 
butat
 t
he”i
s t
oensur
ethatt
he 
dev
elopment
alact
ivi
ti
esmustbe 
car
ri
edon 
but

at
 t
he 
samet
imei
ftheyadv
ersel
yaf
fectt
heenv
ironmentort
heecol
ogyi
nany

mannert
hent
hesamet
imei
ftheyadv
ersel
yaf
fectt
heenv
ironmentort
heecol
ogyi
n

anymannert
hent
he 
consequencei
s t
hepol
l
uti
ng 
i
ndust
ri
esar
e absol
utel
yli
abl
e t
o

compensat
efor t
he 
har
mconsequence i
s t
he pol
l
uti
ng 
i
ndust
ri
es ar
e absol
utel
y

l
i
abl
eto 
compensat
efor
 t
hehar
m causedbyt
hem t
opeopl
eint
heaf
fect
edar
ea,t
o

t
hesoi
landt
otheunder
groundwat
er 
causedbyt
hem t
opeopl
eint
heaf
fect
edar
ea,

t
othesoi
landt
otheunder
groundwat
er 
 andhence,t
heyar
eboundt
otakeal
l

necessar
ymeasur
est
oremov
esl
udgeandot
her
 andhence,t
heyar
eboundt
otake

al
lnecessar
ymeasur
est
oremov
esl
udgeandot
her
  
 pol
l
utant
sly
ingi
ntheaf
fect
ed

ar
eas.
 pol
l
utant
sly
ingi
ntheaf
fect
edar
eas.

MECHANI
SM FORASSESSMENTOFSUSTAI
NABLEDEVELOPMENT

ENVI
RONMENTI
MPACTASSESTMENT

 
Env
ironmentI
mpact
 Assessment
 (
EIA)
 i
sat
echni
que t
o ensur
ethatt
he l
i
kel
y

ef
fect
sof
 i
sat
echni
quet
oensur
ethatt
hel
i
kel
yef
fect
sof
  
dev
elopmentact
ivi
tyon
t
heenv
ironmentwi
l
lbet
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
onbef
oret
hedev
elopmentact
ivi
tyon

t
heenv
ironmentwi
l
lbet
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
onbef
oret
he 
dev
elopmentact
ivi
tyi
s

aut
hor
isedt
opr
oceed.
dev
elopmentact
ivi
tyi
saut
hor
isedt
opr
oceed.

Theai
m oft
hischapt
eri
stopr
esentt
hepr
epar
ati
onandout
comesoft
heRi
o+20

Conf
erencei
ndet
ailandt
ocompl
ementst
udi
esal
readypr
oduced.Anov
erv
iew of

t
heconf
erence,i
tscr
uci
alobj
ect
ivesandt
hemeswi
l
lbeof
fer
ed,t
oget
herwi
th

i
nsi
ght
son t
hepr
ocess.Mostoft
hei
nfor
mat
ion i
sret
ri
eved f
rom t
heRi
o+20

websi
te and f
rom ot
herof
fi
cialsour
ces,especi
all
y Uni
ted Nat
ions.Par
ti
cul
ar

at
tent
ionwi
l
lbeal
sodev
otedt
otheEUposi
ti
on.I
naddi
ti
on,weof
ferawor
dcl
oud

anal
ysi
soft
hef
inal‘
draf
t’Ri
o+20t
ext
,“TheFut
ureWeWant
”,t
hatwaspr
esent
edt
o

t
heheads-
of-
stat
e(v
ersi
onof19June)
,wi
tht
hef
inalt
ext
soft
heRi
odecl
arat
ion

1992andJohannesbur
gPl
anofI
mpl
ement
ati
on2002.

Commonl
yknownast
heRi
o+20Conf
erence,t
heUni
tedNat
ionsConf
erenceon

Sust
ainabl
eDev
elopment(
UNCSD)t
ookpl
acei
nRi
odeJanei
robet
weent
he20-
22

June 2012,t
went
yyear
s af
ter t
he UNCED (
Uni
ted Nat
ions Conf
erence on

Env
ironmentandDev
elopment
),whi
chwasal
sohost
edi
nRi
oin1992.Mor
ethan

150heads-
of-
stat
eandmi
nist
erski
ckedof
ftheRi
o+20Conf
erence6 on20June

2012.I
mpor
tantheads-
of-
stat
e,l
i
keBar
ackObama(
USA)
,Dav
idCamer
on(
UK)
,and

Angel
aMer
kel
(Ger
many
)aswel
lasdozensofot
herl
eader
s“hav
esnubbedt
het
alks”

(
TheGuar
dian,20June2012,a4)
.Themosti
mpor
tantheads-
of-
stat
ewer
e,ast
he

NewYor
kTi
mesputi
t,“
preoccupi
edbydomest
icpol
i
ticsandt
hef
inanci
alt
urmoi
li
n

Eur
ope”(
NewYor
kTi
mes,18June5)
.TheGuar
dianar
guedt
hat“
theabsenceofso

manykeyf
igur
eshasdi
smay
edt
hear
chi
tect
sofgl
obalsust
ainabi
l
itygov
ernance”

(
TheGuar
dian,
20June2012,
a).Gr
oHar
lem Br
undt
land,
famousf
orher1987WCED

6
ht
tp:
//br
undt
landr
epor
t/sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
r
epor
t,al
sopoi
ntedoutt
hat“
it
’snotgoodandi
tdoesn’
tlookgood”(
ibi
d.)
.Apar
t

f
rom al
owernumberofi
mpor
tantheads-
of-
stat
ecompar
edt
owhatwasexpect
ed,

wi
despr
eaddi
sappoi
ntmentr
egar
dingt
hest
rat
egyt
hepol
i
tici
answoul
dfi
nal
l
yadopt

atRi
o+20pr
edomi
nat
edt
hest
artoft
hemega-
conf
erence.Thedealr
eachedby

adv
ancenegot
iat
orswascr
it
ici
sedast
ooweakt
obeef
fect
ive(
TheGuar
dian,20

June2012,a)
.Forexampl
e,Conni
eHedegaar
d,EUcl
i
mat
ecommi
ssi
oner
,sai
dvi
a
7
t
wit
tert
hat“
nobodyi
nthatr
oom adopt
ingt
het
extwashappy.

CONCLUSI
ON:
-

Ther
easonf
ort
hel
owexpect
ati
onsatt
hebegi
nni
ngoft
heconf
erencer
egar
dingt
he

r
esul
tsofRi
o+20seemedt
obet
hel
ackofcl
earcommi
tment
s,t
imet
abl
es,
financi
ng

ormeansofmoni
tor
ingpr
ogr
ess.Gr
oHar
lem Br
undt
landar
guedt
hatt
hel
ackof

7
ht
tp:
//www.
scr
ibd.
com/
ri
o20sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
pol
i
ticalcommi
tmentmayal
sobeduet
othecur
rentsi
tuat
ionofeconomi
cand

f
inanci
alcr
ises:“
Thef
inanci
alandeconomi
cpr
obl
emst
hatsomecount
ri
esf
ace

don’
tmakei
teasi
erf
ort
hem t
oagr
eeont
hingst
hatt
heywoul
dhav
eagr
eedbef
ore

2008.
”(TheGuar
dian,
20June2012)
.Jef
freySachs,
dir
ect
oroft
heEar
thI
nst
it
uteat

Col
umbi
aUni
ver
sit
y,al
soar
guedt
hatt
het
imi
ngoft
heconf
erencewasunf
ort
unat
e

i
nti
mesofdebtandbudgetcr
isesshaki
ngt
heEU:“
Eur
opehasbeent
hegr
eatl
eader

ofenv
ironment
alact
ion,butEur
opei
shar
dlyf
unct
ioni
ngr
ightnow.
”(New Yor
k

Ti
mes,18June)
.Andf
orPr
esi
dentObama,asar
guedi
ntheNewYor
kTi
me,i
twas

i
mpossi
blet
ogobecausehehadnof
inanci
alr
esour
cest
oof
ferandbecausehe

woul
dfacesubst
ant
ialcr
it
ici
sm athomef
orseemi
ngt
obemor
econcer
nedwi
th

gl
obalpr
obl
emst
handomest
ici
ssues–i
tisaUSpr
esi
dent
ialel
ect
iony
earaf
teral
l

(
ibi
d.)Nev
ert
hel
ess,Gr
oHar
lem Br
undt
landpr
edi
ctedt
hat
,li
kei
thadbeent
hecase

i
nmanyi
nter
nat
ionalnegot
iat
ions,t
hef
inalday
smaypr
oducesomesur
pri
ses:

“
Ther
ear
emor
ethan100l
eader
scomi
ngaf
teral
l
.Theyar
enotgoi
ngt
oleav
ewi
th

not
hing.
”

Themai
nthr
eeobj
ect
ivesoft
heRi
+20Conf
erencewer
e:t
o secur
erenewed

pol
i
ticalcommi
tmentf
orsust
ainabl
edev
elopment
,t
oassesst
hepr
ogr
esst
odat
e

and t
he r
emai
ning gaps i
nthe i
mpl
ement
ati
on oft
he out
comes oft
he maj
or

summi
ts on sust
ainabl
e dev
elopment
,and  t
o addr
ess new and emer
ging

chal
l
enges.Theconf
erencef
ocusedmai
nlyont
wot
hemes:I
.agr
eeneconomyi
n

t
hecont
extofSDandpov
ert
yer
adi
cat
ion;
II.Thei
nst
it
uti
onal
framewor
kforSD.

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY:
-
BooksUsed:
-

1.Sust
ainabl
eDev
elopmenti
nIndi
a–Dhi
ri
shAdhi
khar
ivol
.I
I

2.Uni
ted Nat
ion Conf
erence on Sust
ainabl
e Dev
elopment –

Br
undt
landRepor
tvol
.I

Websi
tesUsed:
-

1.Scr
ibd.
com

2.Pr
eser
vear
ti
cles.
com

3.Lawnot
es.
in